Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leucémie – Immunologie'
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Landau, Dan Avi. "Evolution et impact des mutations sous-clonales dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077033.
Full textClonal evolution is a key feature of cancer progression and relapse. We studied intra-tumoral heterogeneity in 149 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases by integrating whole-exome sequence and copy number to measure the fraction of cancer cells harboring each somatic mutation. We identified driver mutations as predominantly clonal (e. G. , MYD88, trisomy 12 and del(13q)) or subclonal (e. G. , SF3B1, TP53), corresponding to earlier and later events in CLL evolution. We sampled leukemia cells from 18 patients at two timepoints. Ten of 12 CLL cases treated with chemotherapy (but only 1 of 6 without treatment) underwent clonal evolution, predominantly involving subclones with driver mutations (e. G. , SF3B1, TP53) that expanded over time. Furthermore, presence of a subclonal driver mutation was an independent risk factor for rapid disease progression. Our study thus uncovers patterns of clonal evolution in CLL, providing insights into its stepwise transformation, and links the presence of subclones with adverse clinical outcome
Gros, Frédéric. "Expression des molécules HLA-G solubles au cours des leucémies aiguës et étude de l’impact fonctionnel via les cellules dendritiques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S117.
Full textMohr, Audrey. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes B régulateurs dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0066/document.
Full textBackground: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by expansion of CD5+B cells associated with disruption of immune responses, contributing to the immunodeficiency and the disease progression. Regulatory B (Breg) cells may control the anti-tumor responses favoring tumor escape. Intriguingly, CLL B cells share phenotypical characteristics with these cells.Aims: The main focus of this project is to evaluate the regulatory function of CLL B cells, aiming to estimate their influence on the lack of anti-tumor responses mediated by T cells.Methods: In vitro models of co-cultures between T and B cells are used to appraise the regulatory capacity of CLL B cells on T cell proliferation.Results: We determined a defective spontaneous regulatory function for CLL B cells. Two groups of patients have been identified following CpG-ODN stimulation. The first group presents defective regulatory B cell functions compared with control B cells. In the second group, no inhibitory activity is detected. TLR-9 gene expression analysis highlighted differential gene expression between controls and the two groups of CLL patients. Moreover, ours observations indicate that patients with low Breg activity have more aggressive disease.Conclusion: These results suggest alteration of the TLR-9 pathway in CLL B cells. To go further, it will be of interest to identify the molecular mechanisms damaging the TLR-9 pathway. These results would contribute to clarify the lack of anti-tumor immune response found in the CLL patients
Rossignol, Alexis. "Etude des interactions entre les lymphocytes iNKT et les cellules dendritiques chez l'homme : implication dans la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale au cours de la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT1402.
Full textDanel, Laurence. "Hormones sexuelles, système immunitaire et hémopathies malignes." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10033.
Full textCellier, Mathieu. "Elaboration de modèles expérimentaux pour l'étude des stress cellulaires dans les interactions hôte - agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20205.
Full textGoepp, Marie. "Dissection fonctionnelle des spécificités et des redondances des facteurs de transcription de la famille Ikaros dans les lymphocytes T." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ043/document.
Full textThe lkaros transcription factor family is made of the proteins lkaros, Helios, Aiolos and Eos. They are expressed during the development and regulate the differentiation of lymphocytes B and T. These proteins present a strong homology between their nucleic and protein sequences and are involved the appearance of T or B lymphoblastic leukaemia. However these factors present strong differences in their profiles of expression, their functions and their target genes. An immature T cell line, deficient for lkaros, allows us to study the functional and molecular differences of members of the family. There-expression of lkaros, Aiolos and Helios allows the differentiation and the decrease of the proliferation of these cells. I also showed that the various members of the family had different capacities to activate or repress certain target genes. An exchange of the protein sequences coding for the DNA binding domain (DBD), shows that the functional specificity is partially determined by the DBD domain, but also by the other regions of lkaros and Aiolos
Baier, Céline. "Caractérisation des cellules natural killer dans la polyglobulie de Vaquez et dans la leucémie aigüe myéloïde." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5052.
Full textThe latest advances in blood disorders treatments lead to a better complete remission rate and a better survival rate after treatment. However, the risk of relapse remains high. Our project is included in the understanding of NK cells role in the development of these diseases.In a first part, we focused on polycythemia Vera for several reasons: the pathology has a slowly progressive disease, and it is characterized by the presence of JAK2 mutation for > 95% patients. We wanted to know if this mutation was found in NK cells from PV patients and what effects the mutation had on NK cells functions. Our results have shown that although the mutation was found in NK cells, it appears to have no impact on NK cells functions. We conclude that the evolution of PV to leukemia is not due to a loss of NK cell functions but to their inhibition by cellular environment.In a second part, we investigated the regulation of natural cytotoxicity receptors in acute myeloid leukemia because previous works have shown that NCR are weakly expressed in AML patients, that this down-regulation is acquired during evolution of AML and reversible after complete remission, ant that NCR weak expression is related to poor prognosis. We supposed that the expression of the three NCR has a common regulation at genes transcription level. Our bioinformatic researches and our experiment of chromatin immunoprecipitation show that ETS-1 transcription factor is a good candidate involved in the common regulation of the three NCR
Schleiss, Cédric. "Anomalies des programmes de réponse lymphocytaire après stimulation du récepteur à l’antigène dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ133.
Full textA cell constantly receives signals from its environment. This stimulation induces a signalling cascade activating a dynamic genic and proteomic program, leading to an adapted cellular response. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an antigen receptor stimulation induces a program and an abnormal response behind leukemic proliferation. Our aim was to characterize the pathological cell program. To achieve this, we have implemented a stimulation model to reproduce ex vivo antigen receptor stimulation of primary cells from CLL patients and activate this cellular program. We then analyzed the transcriptional and proteomic dynamics activated in these cells in order to characterize the abnormalities of this program. This study allows us to highlight the specificity of this proliferative program and to identify key genes of tumor program. These genes constitute potential new therapeutic targets
Prade-Houdellier, Naïs. "Régulation de la télomérase dans les cellules hématopoïétiques normales et leucémiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/52/.
Full textHuman telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein DNA polymerase comprising a catalytic protein subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which represents the rate-limiting state in telomerase activity, and a RNA template (hTR). The primary defined function of telomerase is to elongate telomere at the end of chromosomes and allow cells to bypass replicative senescence. Recently, other important cellular functions have been attributed to telomerase, including cell proliferation, genetic stability, protection against apoptosis and cell differentiation. HTERT is highly expressed in cancer cells including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and in proliferative tissues such as haematopoietic cells. Previous studies have indicated that telomerase activity is low in primitive haematopoietic cells, but increases upon stimulation with a mixture of cytokines in parallel to cell expansion, and then declines progressively during differentiation. These observations suggest a function for telomerase in haematopoiesis. The aim of our study was to assess hTERT regulation by HGF in normal and leukemic cells. In the first part of the study, we showed that in AML cells, treatment with TNF-α induces a decrease in hTERT gene transcription through a ceramide/JNK pathway, and that coincubation with GM-CSF can inhibit the effect of TNF-α. Interestingly, in normal haematopoietic progenitors, TNF-α also down-regulate hTERT gene expression alongside with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in differentiation. In the second part of the study, we investigated whether hTERT can be regulated during erythropoiesis, by erythropoietin (EPO) and TGF-β, wich are respectively the major positive and negative regulators of erythropoiesis. As a result, we demonstrated that EPO can stimulate hTERT transcription through a JAK2/STAT5/c-myc pathway, and that TGF-β counteracts this effect through Smad3 activation. Moreover, hTERT inhibition by ectopic expression of a dominant negative, reveals that EPO-mediated hTERT regulation serves neither for the proliferative response to EPO, nor to enhance cell survival, but can play a role in long term erythroid expansion. In conclusion, the compiled results produced clearly suggest that telomerase can be regulated by haematopoietic cytokines, and that all events leading to inhibition of hTERT expression may potentially alter haematopoiesis and lead to medullar insufficiency found in myelodysplastic syndromes for instance
Taimi, Mohammed. "Développement d'un modèle de cellules macrophagiques obtenues par l'action de l'acide rétinoi͏̈que et de la vitamine D sur les cellules U937." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20212.
Full textRigal, Christelle. "Contribution à l'histoire de la recherche médicale : autour des travaux de Jean Bernard et de ses collaborateurs sur la leucémie aiguë, 1940-1970." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004194.
Full textDadi, Saida. "Blocage de maturation thymique et aberration des recombinaisons V(D)J : modèle des Leucémies Aigües Lymphoblastiques de la lignée T exprimant les onco-protéines à homéodomaines TLX1 et TLX3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22029/document.
Full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are characterized by multi-step oncogenic processesleading to a cell differentiation arrest. Improved understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for targeted therapeutic approaches. In T lineage ALLs, over expressionof the orphan homeobox factors, TLX1 or TLX3 is associated with a corticalthymic maturation arrest. We demonstrate that both TLX1 and TLX3 proteins interact withETS1, an essential component of the TCRα gene-enhanceosome, resulting in repression ofenhancer activity, blocked TCR-Jα rearrangement, and auto-extinction of clones with a TCRαenhancer driven TLX1-TCRδ chromosomal translocation. Our results identify novel functionsfor homeodomain proteins during T-cell development and imply that TLX1/3 exert an ETS1-dependent block to αβ T-cell maturation in T-ALLs, there fore representing promising targets for differentiation therapy
Raquil, Marie-Astrid. "Études des rôles pro-inflammatoires et prolifératifs des protéines S100A8 et S100A9." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25415/25415.pdf.
Full textCayssials, Émilie. "Les lymphocytes T CD8 innés et immunosurveillance antitumorale : application au modèle de la leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1407.
Full textWe have recently identified a new subset of innate T cells in humans, which we have termed « innate CD8 T-cells ». These cells express TCRαβ along with the transcription factor Eomesodermine (Eomes) and KIR/NKG2A membrane receptors. Innate CD8 T-cells share functional and phenotypic features with “innate memory” CD8 T-cells discovered in mice in the early 2000s. The development of these cells depends on the secretion of IL-4 by the T cells expressing the transcription factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF), and particularly iNKT, also called « invariant Natural Killer T-cells ». We have used the physiopathological model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to study the potential role of innate CD8 T -cells in anticancer immunity in humans. Indeed, CML is considered to be one of the cancers most sensitive to immunological manipulation. CML is a malignant hemopathy that belongs to the family of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 oncogene. This oncogene is responsible for expression of the oncoprotein BCR-ABL with deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) represent the standard of care for CML patients, of which the first in class was Imatinib. This targeted therapy has dramatically improved outcomes CML patients' outcomes, but they cannot achieve a cure. We previously reported that iNKT lymphocytes, a sub-population of innate T cells of which the implication into anti-tumoral immunosurveillance has been clearly demonstrated in human and in mouse models, are anergic in CML patients at diagnosis. Although these cells are functionally impaired, particularly in terms of IL-4 secretion, we have shown that their functional deficiencies are totally restored in CML patients in complete cytogenetic remission upon Imatinib therapy. Similarly to the iNKT lymphocytes, we presently show a major defect in the innate CD8 T-cells during the chronic phase in CML patients compared to those of healthy donors (HD) or patients in major molecular remission (MMR). This numerical defect is associated with a loss of NK-like functions (interferon-γ expression after innate stimulation by IL-12+IL-18 cytokines and with a loss of degranulation after stimulation via CD16). Interestingly, we have observed in patients in MMR under Imatinib a numeric and functional restoration that is at least partial, in terms of interferon-γ secretion after innate stimulation, of the innate CD8 T-cells. In analysis of cohorts of HD, CML patients at diagnosis and those in MMR under TKI, we have observed a correlation between Eomes expression by innate T CD8 T-cells and PLZF expression by iNKT cells. This finding underscores a possible dynamic process of generation of innate CD8 T-cells in humans that would depend on iNKT cells, as is the case in mice. To test the hypothesis that innate CD8 T-cells contribute to the control of CML, we have analyzed their status in a cohort of CML patients who, in spite of a persistent minimal residual disease, had maintained remission (MMR) more than two years after TKI discontinuation. In these patients, we demonstrate a dramatic increase of functional active innate CD8 T-cells as compared to HD and patients in MMR under TKI. All in all, these results underscore the major role of innate CD8 T-cells in anti-leukemic immunity during CML disease. We believe and we will test the hypothesis that the numeric and functional restoration of this subset might constitute a potential biomarker of successful TKI cessation in CML. We will also investigate whether innate CD8 T-cells could be a target for immunotherapy-based strategy
Hadife, Nader. "Interleukine-24 : rôle immunologique et mécanismes d'induction de mort cellulaire dans les lymphocytes B." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0018/document.
Full textWe have previously shown that Interleukin(IL)-24 a class-II cytokine of the IL-10 family has cytostatic and cytotoxic properties on normal and malignant human B-cells previously engaged into the cell cycle, but not on quiescent B-cells. IL-24 also inhibits the differentiation of germinal center B-cells in plasma cells in an in vitro model; the later was used to compare for the first time the transcriptome of B-cells cultured or not with IL-24 for 6 and 36h. Several "early" transcripts involved in DNA metabolism and replication were inhibited whereas that of Igf1 a molecule described as a B-cell growth factor was induced. We show herein that IgF1 has instead a proapoptotic role on B-cells at physiological concentrations. In contrast, several genes of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway were stimulated after 36h. This expression pattern was also found in CLL cells whether they were "IgVH mutated" or "unmutated", albeit with distinct kinetics from normal B-cells. In addition several genes belonging to the immune synapse and innate immunity were regulated by IL-24. These results disclose additional, possibly immunoregulatory properties, for IL-24 than its already described cytostatic and potentially anti-tumoral effects
Ceroi, Adam. "Les "Liver X Receptors" : modulateurs des fonctions des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et leur contrepartie leucémique." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3015/document.
Full textNuclear Liver X Receptors (LXR) are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. In macrophages, LXR promote apoptotic body/cell clearance and repress inflammatory responses. LXR are also shown to inhibit proliferation and survival of malignant cells.In plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), LXR stimulation increases microparticle (MP) engulfment via the increased expression of the PS receptor, BAIL MP engulfment induced NF-icB or LXR activation, depending on the endothelial (EMP) or platelet (PMP) origin of MP, respectively. Overall, we show a crosstalk involving LXR and NF-KB, which dictates the inflammatory fate of PDC engulfing MP.The leukemic PDC counterpart (LPDC) is responsible of an aggressive hematologic malignancy, called blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). In contrast to healthy PDC and other acute leukemias (including lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemias), we report here a specific downregulation of cholesterol homeostasis-related genes in LPDC. LXR pathway activation increases cholesterol efflux and inhibits cell proliferation and survival. This may involve: inhibition of NF-KB signaling pathway and of signaling pathways induced by the survival factor IL-3 (involving Akt and STAT5). Using a xenogeneic mouse model of BPDCN, LXR agonist treatment reduces BPDCN-induced cytopenia as well as bone marrow and spleen LPDC infiltration.Overall, we demonstrate that LXR receptors are functional in PDC and LPDC and are involved in a cross-regulation mechanism with NF-KB. LXR receptors promote MP clearance and control inflammatory responses in PDC, as well as exert an anti-leukemic therapeutic effect in BPDCN via several mechanisms, including cholesterol efflux
Blum, Ariane. "Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes dans le cancer à travers le rôle de TRAIL." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00154726.
Full textNotre laboratoire a récemment développé une lignée de PDC (GEN2.2) à partir de leucémies à PDC (LPDC), qui résistent aux thérapies conventionnelles. Les GEN2.2 partagent la plupart des caractéristiques phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des PDC normales. Nous avons d'abord utilisé cette lignée comme modèle de LPDC et nous montrons qu'elles sont sensibles à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) via l'expression du récepteur DR5, comme la plupart des LPDC, alors que les PDC normales ne le sont pas, ce qui permettrait la mise en place de thérapies des leucémies à PDC utilisant des agonistes de TRAIL.
Les PDC normales sont difficiles à isoler ou générer. Nous avons donc ensuite utilisé la lignée GEN2.2 comme modèle de PDC normales. Nous avons ainsi découvert que ces cellules, une fois activées par des ligands des TLR7 et 9, acquièrent une fonction cytotoxique via l'expression de TRAIL et peuvent tuer des cellules tumorales. Les PDC pourraient donc jouer un rôle crucial dans l'éradication des cancers après activation.
Enfin, nous avons cherché à préciser les mécanismes moléculaires d'induction de TRAIL dans les PDC après activation par des ligands des TLR7 et 9.
L'ensemble des travaux suggère que les PDC pourraient représenter une cible de choix dans le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques anti-tumorales.
Veuillen, Caroline. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'échappement tumoral à la lyse NK dans la LLC-B et le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20708.
Full textMany experimental and clinical data have enlightened the importance of Natural Killer (NK) cells in tumor immunosurveillance. Therapeutic strategies based on NK cells could be an alternative in the treatment of certain cancers. We focused our study on two types of incurable cancers despite recent advances in treatment: B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and prostate cancer. The aim of our study is a better understanding of the mechanisms set up by leukemic B cells and prostate cancer cells to escape from NK antitumor response. The knowledge of these escape mechanisms is an essential prerequisite to the use of NK cells in antitumor therapies. Regarding B-CLL, our results suggest that NK cells, although functionally competent, can not initiate an appropriate immune response against leukemic B cells due to a lack of recognition of the latter. Concerning the prostate cancer, our preliminary data show that circulating NK cells are functionally competent, whatever the stage of disease, despite the significant decrease in expression of the receptor NKp30. Thus, the degree of immunogenicity of leukemic B cells and of the prostate cancer cells must be taken into account as well as the functionality of NK cells in strategies aiming at improving NK antitumor activity
Diaz, Mélanie. "Combinaison de thérapie épigénétique et d'immunothérapie pour prévenir la rechute de leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë chez les enfants transplantés." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22324.
Full textCaron, Louis-Philippe C. "Rôle du TGF-β dans la modulation du microenvironnement tumoral leucémique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12739.
Full textThe cells and signal molecules (cytokines and chemokines) making up the tumoral microenvironnement are known to play an essential role in tumor progression. It seems to be necessary to study the relationship between infiltrating cells, tumor cells and signal molecules. TGF-β is a potent immunosuppressive and growth suppressive cytokine whose role in the formation of the leukemia microenvironnement remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the injectable T lymphocyte leukemia EL4 model (tumor cells producing TGF-β) of C57BL/6 strain. We characterised the myeloid and lymphoid infiltration in EL4 tumors using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Our analysis of EL4 tumor infiltrating cells showed a high concentration of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells CD11b+. We have undertaken our study to better characterize these cells. We showed that these cells are present at the periphery of the tumor and are surrounding blood vessels in the tumor. These cells have phenotypes leading us to believe that they belong to the family of so-called myeloid suppressor cells. They have high levels of transcripts of VEGF and MMP9 in the tumor and the systemic level, but do not seem to have a strong inhibitory capacity in vitro. To determine whether the tumor production of TGF-β affects the recruitment of these cells, we transformed EL4 cells using a shRNA to reduce the production of TGF-β (TGF-β shRNA ) and compared the myeloid and lymphoid infiltration of tumors formed with EL4 cell controls ( shRNA-Luc ) . A 50% decrease in transcript levels of TGF-β does not affect tumor growth but appears to decrease infiltration by myeloid cells. This study allowed us to better understand the pattern of EL4 leukemia and the role of myeloid leukemia cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. The decrease of TGF-β produced by tumor cells reduces the infiltration of these myeloid populations within the EL4 tumor. The precise role of these cells still needs to be determined. These results are in agreement with the fact that anti-TGF-β therapy is not sufficient to counteract tumor progression, but may affect the post-chemotherapy and immunotherapy results by altering the composition of the microenvironment.
Durrieu, Ludovic. "Immunothérapie cellulaire de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l'enfant à partir de sang de cordon dans un modèle murin xénogénique." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10226.
Full textPrecursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common form of leukemia in children. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is required in around 20 to 30% of children with a B-ALL. The relapses occuring post-HSCT are usually insensitive to current therapy. Therefore, it is important to develop and optimize a new therapeutic strategy. In this study, we were interested to study « cytokine-induced killer » (CIK) cells. These cells have been shown to be very cytotoxic against many types of tumor. However, their cytotoxic activity against B-ALL cells is not very efficient. Consequently, we have studied the effect of combining adoptive immunotherapy of CIK cells with the interferon alpha (IFN-α) to increase their lytic activity against B-ALL cells. In addition, in the literature, the cytotoxic activity of CIK cells has been shown to come from the CD56+ fraction (CD56+ CIK), in particular CD3+CD56+ cells. Therefore, we used the CD56+ fraction in all the experiments. We have observed in vitro that CD56+ CIK cells killed more efficiently B-ALL cell lines than did non-purified CIK cells. Also, their cytotoxic activity could be enhanced with IFN-α. Moreover, we have demonstrated the efficacy of IFN-α-treated-CD56+ CIK cells against B-ALL cell lines in vivo in the model of NOD/SCID/gamma c- (NSG) mice by showing that the survival of mice injected with B-ALL cell lines was significantly increased when they were injected with IFN-α-treated-CD56+ CIK cells. Subsequently, we have studied the lytic mechanism of CD56+ CIK cells against B-ALL cell lines. We have observed that CD56+ CIK cells from cord blood were more efficient than CD56+ CIK cells from peripheral blood to kill B-ALL cell lines. CD56+ CIK cells used only the NKG2D pathway or the both NKG2D and TRAIL pathways depending on the B-ALL cell line and the source of CIK cells. In addition, we showed that CIK cells were sensitive to Fas apoptosis. This sensitivity III influenced the cytotoxic activity of CIK cells against tumor cells. In conclusion, CD56+ CIK cells are cytotoxic against B-ALL cell lines, and their effect can be increased with IFN-α in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our pre-clinical data are very interesting for testing the potential clinical utility of purified CD56+ CIK cells as an immunotherapeutic strategy for B- ALL patients.
Tremblay-Laganière, Camille. "Thérapie génique ciblant CD33 dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques, une approche innovatrice pour le traitement de la leucémie myéloïde aiguë." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22328.
Full textCournoyer, Élise. "Évaluation de l'activité anti-leucémique des cellules T traitées par photodéplétion au TH9402." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18861.
Full textCharrier, Emily. "Les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides dans le sang de cordon et après greffe de sang de cordon." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6957.
Full textUmbilical cord blood transplantation has increasingly been used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells to successfully treat immunodeficiencies and malignant diseases such as leukemia in pediatric patients. Despite important advantages, namely lack of risk for the donor and low incidence of GvHD, use of cord blood is associated with several drawbacks. Specifically, delayed immune reconstitution, more opportunistic infections and a relative risk of relapse are complications that may occur and lead to a poor prognosis. Consequently, new immunotherapeutic strategies should be considered. In this study, we were interested in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), whose functions are important for initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses and, in particular, for their ability to activate natural killer cells (NK). In order to elucidate the role and the impact of these cells in cord blood transplantation, pDC and NK numbers and function have been longitudinally followed in cord blood and bone marrow recipients. We showed that pDC and NK cells appeared early after umbilical cord blood transplantation and that these cells retained functional activity. Thus, these cells may constitute a good tool for immunotherapy in umbilical cord blood transplantation. Moreover, the functional characterization of pDC in cord blood revealed a lower production of IFN-α by cord blood pDC, which may play a role in the lower incidence of GvHD after umbilical cord blood transplantations. In order to determine the molecular mechanism for the negative regulation of IFN-α production by cord blood pDC, we studied the expression of TLR9-IRF7 pathway. The stable expression of TLR9, MyD88, IRAK1 and IRF7 mRNA contrasts with the lower expression of corresponding proteins. Interestingly, expression of microRNA miR-146a and miR-155 is higher in cord blood pDC. Together, these results point to a post-transcriptionnal negative regulation of TLR9-IRF7 pathway which may explain the lower IFN-α production by cord blood pDC. This work reinforces the idea that pDCs constitute a target of choice for developing new therapeutic approaches in cord blood transplantations.
Ivanova-Andreeva, Daniela. "L’importance de la coopération de TRAF1 et LSP1 en aval du récepteur 4-1BB(CD137) pour la survie des lymphocytes." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13886.
Full text4-1BB (CD137) is a member of the TNFR superfamily, which is involved in the transmission of survival signals in lymphocytes. TRAF1 is an adapter protein that is recruited by 4-1BB and other TNFRs and is characterized by a very restricted expression in lymphocytes, dendritic cells and some epithelial cells. TRAF1 is necessary for the expansion and survival of memory T cells in the presence of anti-4-1BB agonist in vivo. Also, TRAF1 is required downstream of 4-1BB to activate (phosphorylate) the MAP kinase ERK involved in the regulation of the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Upon activation of 4-1BB, TRAF1 and ERK are involved in the phosphorylation of Bim and modulation of its expression. The activation and regulation of TRAF1 and Bim have an important role in the survival of CD8 memory T cells. In this study, we used a proteomic approach in order to identify new TRAF1 binding partners. Using this strategy, we have identified that LSP1 (Leukocyte Specific Protein 1) is recruited to the 4-1BB signaling complex in a TRAF1-dependent manner. It has been shown that LSP1 is a target protein for signaling ERK / MAP kinase. Further characterization of the interaction between TRAF1 and LSP1 has shown that LSP1 binds the N-terminal unique region independently of the conserved C-terminal of TRAF1. Like the T cells deficient in TRAF1, T cells deficient in LSP1 are not capable of activating ERK downstream of 4-1BB and therefore cannot regulate Bim levels in T cells. Thus, TRAF1 and LSP1 cooperate downstream of 4-1BB in order to activate ERK and regulate Bim levels in murine CD8 T cells. According to the literature, the 4-1BB receptor is not expressed on the surface of murine CD19+ B cells, but 4-1BB activation promotes the proliferation and survival of human CD19+B cells. However, it is important to study the expression of 4-1BB receptor in murine B cells to have a murine model and predict the clinical response to the manipulation of 4-1BB. Using different stimulation of primary murine CD19+B cells, we have found that the 4-1BB receptor is expressed on the surface of murine B cells in response to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Further characterization showed that the 4-1BB was induced in murine CD19+B cells in a TLR4-dependent manner (Toll like Receptor 4). Collectively, our work has shown that the stimulation with LPS induces the expression of 4-1BB on the surface of murine B cells leading to the induction of TRAF1. Also, TRAF1 and LSP1 cooperate downstream of 4-1BB to activate the signaling of the Map kinase ERK in murine B cells similarly to T cells. Similarly, as for the T cells, TRAF1-/- B cells or LSP1-/- B cells are not able to activate the ERK pathway downstream of 4-1BB. In addition, the B cells deficient in either TRAF1 or LSP1 show a level of expression of the 4-1BB receptor significantly decreased compared to B cells from a WT mouse. Thus, TRAF1 and LSP1 are required for maximal expression of the 4-1BB receptor on the cell surface of murine B cells and cooperate downstream of 4-1BB to activate the ERK cascade in the murine B cells.
Rulleau, Caroline. "Caractérisation des réponses contre des antigènes spécifiques aux tumeurs cryptiques pour le développement de thérapies contre les leucémies aiguës." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25200.
Full textThe treatment of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia has seen significant advances in the past decade. Despite this progress, the relapse rate remains high and the medical need is real. These leukemias are characterized by an aberrant expression of antigens, some from mutated proteins but also from sequences of DNA that were reported as non-coding. Responses against these “cryptic” neoantigens remains uncharacterized. In order to verify whether a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors (TCR) does recognize these neoantigens, mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of healthy patients are isolated and enriched with naive CD8+ T cells. The expansion and activation of these cells are then carried out with autologous dendritic cells loaded with the antigen of interest and then sorted using HLA-peptide specific multimers. RNA from cells with TCR specific for leukemic tumor-specific antigens (TSA) is isolated in order to perform TCR-beta sequencing. Cell expansion was sufficient to perform the sequencing of cells identified as positive by staining with dextramers. A T-cell response is obtained for 50% of the neoantigens tested with reactivity shown by ELISpot and resulting in a secretion of inflammatory cytokines. T lymphocytes specific to the TSA of interest are therefore present in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Sequencing of these cells made it possible to identify clonotypes for which a strong anti-leukemic response can be expected. It would be interesting to use these cryptic tumor-specific clonotypes in the development of new adoptive immunotherapy treatments.