Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Library architecture. Libraries'

Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 212-213).
In 2008, we tore all our books from the past three years into pieces. It was a celebration of graduating from high school and longing for a new life. Yes, we hated books. We were forced to stay in the classroom 10 hours every day, our eyes switching between books and the blackboard. We were filled with tasks from books. Directed by the running countdown on our blackboard, we were spurred on by those slogans surrounding us. Soon, we forgot how to read books and we forgot the joy of reading. Unfortunately, most of the libraries in China were designed to represent the sanctity of knowledge and the dignity of the nation, a clear a symbol of national pride and knowledge. We found ourselves too small to embrace it. The joyful experience we were after did not exist here. However, we did have some amazing discoveries when we escaped our classrooms of book-counting. A new world composed of three secret gardens was there waiting for us, as long as we had the patience to look for it. My thesis reads from Chinese gardens clues for the libraries of the future, and arrive on the principles to create a new kind of library, one that emphasizes personal emotions and experiences, forgets the authority of books and nations and blurs the boundary between story and reality. To read in the garden library is to simultaneously sense the physical surroundings with the body, observe the beautiful view with the eyes, and get carried away in a story unbounded by time and space. The library of the future will transcend its environment and present experiences as perception, perceptions as stories, and stories as experiences. Who knows what can come from such a playful practice of knowledge?
by Chang Liu.
M. Arch.

Digital Libraries (DLs) are software systems specifically designed to assist users in information seeking activities. Stemming from the intersection of library sciences and computer networking, traditional DL systems impose library philosophies of structure and management on the sprawling collections of data that are made possible through the Internet. DLs evolve to keep pace with innovation on the Internet so there is little standardization in the architecture of such systems. However, in attempting to provide users with the highest possible levels of service with the minimum possible effort, many systems work collaboratively with others, e.g., meta-search engines. This type of system interoperability is encouraged by the emergence of simple data transfer protocols such as the Open Archives Initiative?s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Open Digital Libraries are an extension of the work of the OAI. It is proposed in this dissertation that the philosophy and approach adopted by the OAI can easily be extended to support inter-component interaction within a componentized DL. In particular, DLs can be built by connecting small components that communicate through a family of lightweight protocols, using XML as the data interchange mechanism. In order to test the feasibility of this, a set of protocols was designed based on a generalization of the work of the OAI. Components adhering to these protocols were implemented and integrated into production and research DLs. These systems were then evaluated for simplicity, reusability, and performance. On the whole, this study has shown promise in the approach of applying the fundamental concepts of the OAI protocol to the task of DL component design and implementation. Further, it has shown the feasibility of building componentized DL systems using techniques that are a precursor to the Web Services approach to system design.
Ph. D.

A design is proposed for a library located on a comer site in a downtown area of some historical importance. The character of the surrounding buildings demanded that the library acknowledge its context. This acknowledgement occurred through the use of an axial organization from the site and a transformation of formal elements from the surrounding buildings. Included are developmental sketches; transformational drawings; plans, elevations and sections of the library; photographs of surrounding buildings; and frames from a computer-animated ”fly-through” view of the library.
Master of Architecture

Wayfinding is the process of using one or more tools to move from one location to another in order to accomplish a task or to achieve a goal. This qualitative study explores the process of wayfinding as it applies to locating information in a public library. A group of volunteers were asked to find a selection of items in three types of libraries-traditional, contemporary, and modern. The retrieval process was timed and the reactions of the volunteers were recorded, documented, and analyzed. The impact of various wayfinding tools-architecture, layout, color, signage, computer support, collection organization-on the retrieval process was also identified. The study revealed that many of the wayfinding tools currently available in libraries do not facilitate item retrieval. Inconsistencies, ambiguities, obstructions, disparities, and operational deficiencies all contributed to end-user frustration and retrieval failure. The study suggests that failing to address these issues may prompt library patrons-end users who are increasingly interested in finding information with minimal expenditures of time and effort-may turn to other information-retrieval strategies and abandon a system that they find confusing and frustrating.

Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 17, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: libraries; creativity; process-based learning. Includes bibliographical references.

Andrew Carnegie’s philanthropy made it possible for thousands of communities in the United States (U.S) to build free public libraries. Contemporary scholarship in library and information science (LIS) that deals with Carnegie’s philanthropy tends to place emphasis on generalized historical ideals associated with the construction of public libraries. As a result, it often fails to critically inquire into the relationships between the work performed by librarians and assumptions about the cultural value of Carnegie libraries. This dissertation investigates broad trends in library history in order to better understand the particular experiences of fifteen Midwestern communities that built public libraries with Andrew Carnegie’s money in the first decade of 20 ^th century. Mixed methods research supports the synthesis of broad qualitative data with specific quantitative data, which supports assessments of primary sources in relation to scholarship about the library profession and Carnegie’s philanthropy. Comparing and contrasting findings from two distinct data sets makes it possible to discuss idiosyncrasies architectural trends and to better understand the role professional rhetoric played in their development within a specific geographic region (the Midwest).

Political and cultural agendas determine the programmes of public libraries, implying complex and often conflicting requirements in terms of their functioning. On one hand, they need to provide open and equal access to knowledge. On the other, they have functional needs that might restrict or condition the distribution and access of books, equipment and people. At the same time, social and technological changes cause this building type to change so as to include the idea of socialisation as a form of learning. This thesis investigates how space, programme and use interrelate in public libraries in order to express an intended public message and fulfil a specific social and cultural effect. Medellín’s Library-Parks are the main case studies analysed, as they function as key elements of a project that addresses social inequalities. Through spatial analysis using space syntax methods, the thesis provides a thorough description of these libraries’ spatial configuration and their spatial organisation of programme. In addition, it shows how the libraries are used through a detailed mapping of users’ co-presence, which exposes patterns that are further associated with the spatial and programmatic arrangements. Based on these three analyses, the thesis formulates types of spatial cultures in public libraries and exposes the role of space in influencing the emergence and/or constraint of particular patterns of social awareness that the traditional notion of the programme cannot capture. It is found that depending on how public libraries control public use (spatially and programmatically), they can support the emergence of informal activities or work as educational institutions only. In addition, depending on how public libraries’ educational role is manifested in space as spatial practices, they can serve as places that facilitate the exercise of institutional-bureaucratic power to normalise visitors’ behaviours, or places that stimulate public participation and negotiation. The findings emphasise how public libraries work as accessible civic environments, promoting visitors’ political and social awareness and potentially strengthening the collective engagement of the surrounding communities.

Master of Science
Department of Architecture
David Seamon
This thesis uses behavioral mapping to analyze two contrasting spaces in Kansas State University’s Hale Library. One of the spaces is meant for computer use; and the other for general library use, including study-group work. The conceptual approach chosen to describe and analyze these two library spaces is the behavior-setting theory developed by psychologist Roger Barker, who defines behavior settings as independent units of space, with temporal and spatial boundaries, that have “great coercive power over the behaviors that occur within them” (Barker, 1968, p. 17). The behavioral observations for the two Hale Library spaces were analyzed and compared with findings from other studies of library usage and behaviors. In the first chapter of the thesis, I introduce my study topic and discuss recent developments in libraries. In the second chapter, I provide a broad overview of library history and library use. I also overview behavior-setting theory and present examples of research on behavior settings and libraries. In the third chapter, I discuss research methods for this thesis, starting with how library spaces can be described as behavior settings. I then discuss specific methodological procedures involved in the behavioral study of activities in the two library spaces. In the fourth chapter, I discuss the two spaces studied in Hale Library, first, describing their physical features and then discussing their behavior-setting attributes. In the fifth chapter, I present my behavioral observations and compare and contrast the two Hale Library spaces in terms of user behaviors and as behavior settings. In the sixth and final chapter of this thesis, I compare my research results with other library research and offer my speculative ideas on the future of the academic library. The overarching theme of this thesis is evaluating how recent digital technologies have affected libraries, and how traditional library spaces and spaces designated for digital technology can be integrated in future libraries.

The Swedish national strategy for libraries, published in 2019 by the National Library of Sweden on behalf of the Government, with the utmost goal to strengthen democracy, describes a vision of a library for all in 2030. Historically, the library has been quiet rooms with collections of books. Something that does not support today’s nor future needs of a library according to the national strategy.  Is it possible to combine the vision of an open space with the old-time quiet library? Library of Östersund is a public library that has outgrown its premises from the 1950s, but due to savings, plans for a new library have been put on hold. I have examined how changes to the interior can support the aim to reach the goals of the Swedish national library strategy. Above all, to attract new groups without scaring away the visitors of today, or yesterday. The emphasis lies on how the spatial design can encourage activity versus focus, the importance of forms, flows and meetings of different materials, and how the relationship between architecture and body is formed from a diversity of perspectives.

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate planning processes for academic library buildings and the outcomes of such processes. This is accomplished through a case study utilising discourse analysis. The main question is: How is a vision of an academic library implemented in and through a building? The case study is retrospective and focused on the building of a newlibrary at Kalmar University, Sweden, at the end of the 1990s. During this period, technological and educational developments and general societal change transformed the context of library planning and made way for renegotiations of the librarian profession.A critical realist approach characterises the study of visions, processes and the analysis of the various functions of the building. Results reveal the proactive nature of the activities of thelibrary director in Kalmar. Early in the process he formulated a vision in which he presents the library as an information resource, a meeting place between different user groups and a workplace intended to promote learning and knowledge. From a professional point of view, the vision implied a dehierarchisation of relations both within the library staff and between library staff and visitors. The vision was based on an interpretation of Swedish national educational policy, and architecturally manifested by an ambition to reduce the physical and psychologicalboundaries between library staff and visitors. The early formulation of the visiontogether with the clients’ use of architectural expertise facilitated the choice of architects.However during the process a need arose to anchor the decision in the library field. Efforts were made to address library expertise and to collect user comments from a broader academic field. Discourses concerning the university library as a workplace and a meeting place wereespecially evident in the strategies of the leading agents. The discourses uncovered in the study correspond to more general discourses which became prominent in society and higher education during the period in question. The library itself has met growing appreciation by users both from within and outside the university.The proactive leadership demonstrated by the library director in Kalmar was based on hegemony rather than coercion. This corresponds to contemporary tendencies. Hegemonic consent may persist even after changes in leadership. In Kalmar however, architectural solutions with insufficient support from the library staff have been reconstructed after changes in leadership.Future research on architectural planning processes may pay further attention to different discursive resources, social fields and the positions within them.
Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Göteborgs universitet för vinnande av doktorsexamen framläggs till offentlig granskning klockan 13.15 fredagen den 4 december 2009 i sal D207, Högskolan i Borås, Allégatan 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of academic digital libraries from a user-oriented approach. For this purpose, end-users were invited to describe how they perceive and make use of academic digital libraries. The study was focused on Subject Based Information Gateways (SBIGs) and Electronic Journals Services. Specifically, two gateways were examined: the Social Science Information Gateway (SOSIG) and the Art, Design, Architecture and Media (ADAM) gateway, and an electronic journals service: the Electronic Journals Service of the Library and Information Service (LIS), the University of Patras, Greece. The target group was the academic community: academic staff, research staff and students (undergraduate and postgraduate). The research methods used were online questionnaires, face-to-face interviews and transaction logs analysis (TLA). Concerning the perception of academic digital libraries, users were invited: to provide the advantages and/ or disadvantages of electronic information over print, to compare the electronic and print version of a piece of information, to evaluate services or features as very important, important, or not important and to specify factors that would discourage them from accessing a digital library. Regarding the use of academic digital libraries, users were asked to specify: how frequently they use digital libraries, what reasons they use digital libraries for, what place they gain access from, what their preferred method of searching for information is, what their preferred method of storing and reading electronic information is, whether they use the support services provided, what types of information they want to be provided with and what the role of communication in a digital library is. The study concluded that end-users seem to appreciate the implementation of academic digital libraries. However, there are still some disadvantages that might prevent them from accessing them. A typical user would access them from their office or home for a variety of reasons, such as: for writing up a term paper/project or a thesis/dissertation, writing up a paper for publication, e. g. journal article or conference/workshop paper, keeping up with progress in the relevant subject area, supporting a lecture or for personal reasons. Concerning their search behaviour, they would adopt a relatively unsophisticated, simplistic approach to searching and limited use of Boolean operators or other commands. Notwithstanding their low search abilities, they would be reluctant to consult the online help function that could support their searches. Sometimes, they prefer to ask a person rather than attempt to use the online help. When they have identified information and want to read it, they print it out. But, when they want to store information for the future, they either print it out, or save it on disk. This information might differ in its formats, including electronic journals, reports and papers, digitised books, scholarly mailing lists and archives and educational software. Finally, some users would appreciate the opportunity to communicate with information scientists, authors, or other users who share the same interests with them. Some others emphasized the importance of the communication between users and digital library systems.

Se define un modelo conceptual de edificio de biblioteca universitaria actual fruto del cambio de paradigma, con proyección en la siguiente década. El modelo es usado para establecer comparaciones, posibilitando la creación de una herramienta para la evaluación de los edificios bibliotecarios. El modelo se establece por el estudio de la relación entre la estética y la practicidad de los espacios bibliotecarios; el conocimiento de la evaluación histórica de la tipología arquitectónica; la resolución de la incógnita sobre la necesidad de mantener bibliotecas físicas y presenciales en un entorno tendente a la biblioteca ‘sin paredes’; la recolección de las tendencias en el diseño; y la valoración de la adaptación a las necesidades académicas actuales y futuras de los edificios de bibliotecas universitarias existentes.

Architecture is experience. Man experiences the Architecture within which he lives, works, plays and worships. As a necessity this experience must include a successful response to the needs of its inhabitants in order to fulfill its stated and intended purposes. In this sense man experiences his Architecture in the physical realm of its existence. Yet Architecture is an experience of the spirit. Architecture, through its presence, must elevate man, beyond the physical sense, and strive to glorify the inner being. In the opening section of this thesis I will briefly examine a few ancient ruins in an effort to explore the spiritual nature of Architecture. Following this exploration I will then move into the design portion of the thesis. The project is a theological library and scholar’s complex located on Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River.
Master of Architecture

Die Architektursoziologie erkennt in der Architektur eine Spiegelfunktion der Gesellschaft. Architektonische Formen entstehen in Abhängigkeiten von gesellschaftlichen Kontexten, die sozial, politisch und wirtschaftlich geprägt sind. Diese architektursoziologische Position vertritt Norbert Elias (1897-1990) in seinem Standardwerk über die Höfische Gesellschaft (1969), in dem er Wohnstrukturen als Anzeiger gesellschaftlicher Strukturen analysiert. Andererseits untersucht die Architektursoziologie verhaltensstrukturierende Funktionen von Architektur. Sie greife psychische Dispositionen der Menschen auf und beeinflusse so ihr soziales Verhalten innerhalb gebauter Räume. Das theoretische Fundament für diese Sichtweise schuf Michel Foucault (1926-1984) mit seinem Werk Überwachen und Strafen. Die Geburt des Gefängnisses (1975). Beide Betrachtungsweisen wurden in meiner Magisterarbeit auf zwei Bibliotheken übertragen – die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig und die Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden.

Libraries have quietly changed over the last 20 years. They have adapted early and consciously to the changes of digitalization, they have recognized the changed need of their users for collaborative work and derived new spatial concepts from this. Transparency and access to information, knowledge and encounters are the prerequisites for holistic social development. It is the challenge of the 21st century as the information age.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 23, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4511. Adviser: Thomas F. Gieryn.

O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável tem sido discutido nos setores da sociedade, buscando uma visão abrangente e integrada das melhorias e soluções para os crescentes problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Como resultado, profissionais envolvidos com projetos de instituições de ensino superior vêm discutindo a inserção de práticas que minimizem os impactos gerados por suas construções de bibliotecas, principalmente quando é necessário estabelecer uma relação entre o edifício, a saúde dos ocupantes e a qualidade das atividades desempenhadas. Nesse sentido os sistemas de avaliação ambiental vêm sendo difundidos no Brasil, e por meio desses procura-se a conscientização quanto aos impactos ambientais gerados pelos edifícios durante as fases de planejamento, construção e operação. No entanto, o que incorporar como práticas que visem à sustentabilidade em projetos de bibliotecas universitárias? Para responder a esse questionamento, este trabalho utilizou-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento dos conceitos considerados inerentes ao tema, assim como análise de projetos dentro da área em questão com princípios de sustentabilidade. Igualmente, foram estudados os critérios atuais presentes nos sistemas de avaliação ambiental, dentre os quais foram aprofundados o LEED, o AQUA - HQE e o PBE - Edifica. Através dessa análise, foram identificados os parâmetros utilizados de maneira que auxiliassem na proposição de diretrizes e, por meio de questionário aplicado aos usuários das bibliotecas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), buscou-se um aprofundamento das questões que implicam a qualidade desses espaços, verificando a incorporação de critérios, bem como as variáveis que fazem parte do processo de projeto. Finalmente, através dos conceitos apresentados ao longo do trabalho e do estudo das condicionantes, chegou-se à proposição das diretrizes, as quais visam orientar os arquitetos a incorporar os conceitos de sustentabilidade no planejamento e projetos de arquiteturas de bibliotecas universitárias.
The concept of sustainable development has been widely discussed in many sectors of society, aiming an integrated and comprehensive vision of improvements and solutions for the growing environmental, social and economic problems. As a result, professionals, working with projects in higher education institutions, have been discussing the inclusion of practices that minimize the impact caused by the construction of their own libraries, especially when it is necessary to establish a connection between the edification, the occupant health and the quality of performed activities. In this regard, the environmental assessment systems have been widespread in Brazil and through those we seek to raise awareness related to the environmental impact made by the buildings during the stages of planning, construction and operation. However, what incorporate as practices aimed at sustainability in university libraries Projects? To answer this, it was made a literature review to find the concepts inherent to the university libraries theme, as well as was analyzed projects within the area in question with greater sustainability features. Also, the current sustainability criteria presented in the evaluation systems were analyzed, among which were detailed LEED, AQUA-HQE and PBE-Edifica. Through this analysis we identified the parameters used in a way to assist in a proposition of sustainability guidelines and using a survey applied to the library users of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), we sought a deepening of the issues that imply the quality of these spaces by checking the incorporation of sustainability criteria as well as the variables that are part of the project process. Ultimately, through the ideas presented throughout the work, along with the study of conditions, we came to the proposition of guidelines for incorporating sustainability concepts in planning and architecture projects of university libraries.

What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.

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Programa de Apoyo a Estudiantes de Doctorado del Extranjero (PAEDEX) “AUIPUNESP”
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Produto do amplo avanço no desenvolvimento de aplicativos e ferramentas para o uso nas bibliotecas percebe-se um notável aumento no nível de complexidade dos ambientes de informação destas instituições, o que desde a perspectiva da Arquitetura da Informação cria a necessidade de projetos de pesquisas mais apurados, e que visem melhorar os ambientes de informação das bibliotecas universitárias, tendo sempre como principal objetivo, favorecer as experiências dos usuários, e ajudá-los nos processos de encontrabilidade das informações pertinentes, no momento preciso e com a máxima qualidade possível. Estudos desenvolvidos na área da Ciência da Informação, da Biblioteconomia, e mais especificamente na área da Arquitetura da Informação têm realizado grandes esforços na busca de técnicas, métodos e ferramentas que permitam facilitar e aumentar para o usuário final, a tomada de melhores decisões em suas atividades diárias. No entanto, estes estudos demostram-se insuficientes na hora de antecipar-se às necessidades dos usuários e proporcionar a eles informações personalizadas que atendam seus gostos e preferências. Diante deste cenário, evidenciamos a necessidade de respostas para este fenômeno, encontrando na área da Ciência da Computação estudos sobre a personalização dos ambientes digitais (aplicados especificamente na área do e-commerce), por meio da incorporação de Sistemas de Recomendações, voltados para o alívio da carga informacional que recai sobre o usuário, e o aumento do serendipismo nos diferentes ambientes informacionais por meio de técnicas de filtragem da informação, que sugerem aos usuários recursos que possam vir a satisfazer suas necessidades. Surge assim a questão que norteia esta pesquisa: Como melhorar a Encontrabilidade da Informação nos espaços informacionais dos CRAI, a partir da inserção e uso dos Sistemas de Recomendação em projetos de Arquitetura da Informação? A fim de demostrar a importância dos estudos sobre esse tema desde a perspectiva da Biblioteconomia, definiu-se como objetivo principal a “Construção de um modelo teórico de Arquitetura da Informação com foco em Sistemas de Recomendação, visando aumentar a Encontrabilidade da Informação nos CRAI”. Como metodologia para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, optamos pelo uso do método quadripolar, pela sua capacidade de dinamismo e flexibilidade, e facilidade de análise do objeto de investigação a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Durante toda a pesquisa, trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que, a incorporação dos Sistemas de Recomendação no contexto das Bibliotecas Universitárias facilitará o processo de Encontrabilidade da Informação de uma comunidade de usuários cada vez mais exigente para com os produtos e serviços que consomem. Como resultados foram apresentados, primeiramente, um conceito de Sistema de Recomendação aplicável e usável na área da Biblioteconomia, além de trazer a proposta de um modelo teórico para a inclusão dos Sistemas de Recomendação em futuros projetos de Arquitetura da Informação, não só dos ambientes informacionais das bibliotecas universitárias, como de outros centros de informação, por último, elaborou-se uma ferramenta que permite avaliar a implementação e funcionamento do modelo na sua aplicação prática.
Due to the wide advancement in the development of applications and tools for the use of libraries, there is a notable increase in the level of complexity of the information environments of these institutions, there is an increase in the level of complexity of their informational environments, that, of the perspective of Information Architecture creates the need for more accurate research projects, in the search to improve the information environments of the university libraries, having as main objective, to improve the experiences of the users, and assist them to find the pertinent information, at the right time and with the highest possible quality. Many studies developed in the area of Library and Information Science, and more specifically into Information Architecture have made great efforts in the search for techniques, methods and tools that allow, and enable them to make better decisions in their daily activities. However, these studies prove to be insufficient, when it comes to anticipating the needs of users, and providing personalized information that suit their tastes and preferences. In this scenario, we highlight the need for answers to this problem, finding into area of computer science, studies on the personalization of digital environments (specifically applied into e-commerce area) through the incorporation of Recommendations Systems, aimed at alleviating to informational overburden on the user, and increasing to serendipity in the different information environments, through to the information filtering techniques, that suggest which to users, resources that may meet their needs.. This raises the question that guides this research: How to improve Findability of Information into CRAI, based on the insertion and use of Recommendation Systems in Information Architecture projects? In order to show the importance of the studies on this subject, from the perspective of Library Science, was defined the main objective, being "to the Construction of a theoretical model of Information Architecture focusing on Recommendation Systems in order to increase Findability of Information into CRAI"As methodology for the development of this research, we chose the use of the Quadripolar Method, its capacity for dynamism and flexibility, and ease of analysis of the research object from different perspectives. Throughout the research, we worked to the hypothesis, that the incorporation of the Recommendation Systems in the context of University Libraries will facilitate the process of Findability of Information, an user community increasingly to demanding, with the products and services they consume. As a result, was first presented a concept of System of Recommendation, applicable and usable in the area of Library Science, as well as the proposal of a theoretical model for the inclusion of Recommendation Systems, in future Information Architecture projects, not only for the informational environments of the University libraries, and for other information centers too. Finally, a tool was developed to evaluate the implementation and functioning of the model in its practical application.
Debido al amplio avance alcanzado en el área de desarrollo de aplicaciones y herramientas para el uso de las bibliotecas, se nota un notable aumento en el nivel de complejidad de los ambientes de información de estas instituciones, lo que desde la perspectiva de la Arquitectura de la Información crea la necesidad de proyectos de investigación, que busquen mejorar los ambientes de información de las Bibliotecas Universitarias, teniendo como principal objetivo mejorar las experiencias de los usuarios y ayudarlos en el proceso de encontrar la información pertinente, en el momento preciso y con la mejor calidad posible. Estudios desarrollaos desde las Ciencias de la Información, la Bibliotecología y específicamente desde la Arquitectura da Información se han realizado grandes esfuerzos en la búsqueda de técnicas, métodos y herramientas que faciliten y aumenten el acceso, uso y capacidad de los usuarios para tomar mejores decisiones en sus actividades diarias. Estos estudios aun resultan insuficientes en su capacidad de anticiparse a las necesidades de los usuarios y ofrecerles informaciones con cierto nivel de personalización e que acompañen sus gustos y preferencias. Ante este contexto, percibimos la necesidad de dar respuesta a este fenómeno, encontrando en el dominio de la computación, estudios sobre la personalización de los ambientes digitales (utilizados específicamente en el área de e-comerce), a través de la incorporación de Sistemas de Recomendación, orientados a aliviar la carga informacional que sobre el usuario recae y el aumento del serendipismo en los diferentes ambientes informacionales a través de técnicas de filtrado de información, que les sugieren a los usuarios recursos que podrían satisfacer sus necesidades de información futuras. Surge así la pregunta que guía esta investigación: ¿Cómo mejorar la encontrabilidad de la información en los espacios informacionales de los CRAI, partiendo de la inserción y uso de los Sistemas de Recomendación en proyectos de Arquitectura de la Información? Con el objetivo de mostrar la importancia de estudios sobre este tema desde la perspectiva de la Bibliotecología, se define como objetivo principal de la investigación, la “Construcción de un modelo teórico de Arquitectura de la Información con foco en los Sistemas de Recomendación con el objetivo de aumentar la Encontrabilidad de la Información en los CRAI. La metodología adoptada para la realización de esta investigación fue el método cuadripolar, que brinda cierta facilidad y flexibilidad para la investigación, así como, claridad para la realización de un profundo análisis del objeto de estudio desde diferentes perspectivas. Durante la investigación se trabajó con la hipótesis de que, con la incorporación de los Sistemas de Recomendación en los ambientes de las bibliotecas universitarias, el proceso de encontrabilidad acontecería con mayor facilidad en la medida que tratan de satisfacer las necesidades de su comunidad usuaria. Como resultado final fue elaborado un concepto de Sistema de Recomendación aplicable y usable en el contexto de la Bibliotecología, además de presentar una propuesta de modelo teórico para la inclusión de los sistemas de recomendación en futuros proyectos de Arquitectura de Información, no solo de los ambientes de información de las bibliotecas universitarias, como de otros centros de información, por último se elaboró una herramienta de evaluación que acompañe el proceso de implementación funcionamiento del modelo en su aplicación práctica.
CAPES: 88881.135000/2016-01

Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous étudions des algorithmes et des implémentations pour accélérer la résolution de systèmes linéaires denses en utilisant des architectures composées de processeurs multicœurs et d'accélérateurs. Nous nous concentrons sur des méthodes basées sur la factorisation LU. Le développement de notre code s'est fait dans le contexte de la bibliothèque MAGMA. Tout d'abord nous étudions différents solveurs CPU/GPU hybrides basés sur la factorisation LU. Ceux-ci visent à réduire le surcoût de communication dû au pivotage. Le premier est basé sur une stratégie de pivotage dite "communication avoiding" (CALU) alors que le deuxième utilise un préconditionnement aléatoire du système original pour éviter de pivoter (RBT). Nous montrons que ces deux méthodes surpassent le solveur utilisant la factorisation LU avec pivotage partiel quand elles sont utilisées sur des architectures hybrides multicœurs/GPUs. Ensuite nous développons des solveurs utilisant des techniques de randomisation appliquées sur des architectures hybrides utilisant des GPU Nvidia ou des coprocesseurs Intel Xeon Phi. Avec cette méthode, nous pouvons éviter l'important surcoût du pivotage tout en restant stable numériquement dans la plupart des cas. L'architecture hautement parallèle de ces accélérateurs nous permet d'effectuer la randomisation de notre système linéaire à un coût de calcul très faible par rapport à la durée de la factorisation. Finalement, nous étudions l'impact d'accès mémoire non uniformes (NUMA) sur la résolution de systèmes linéaires denses en utilisant un algorithme de factorisation LU. En particulier, nous illustrons comment un placement approprié des processus légers et des données sur une architecture NUMA peut améliorer les performances pour la factorisation du panel et accélérer de manière conséquente la factorisation LU globale. Nous montrons comment ces placements peuvent améliorer les performances quand ils sont appliqués à des solveurs hybrides multicœurs/GPU
In this PhD thesis, we study algorithms and implementations to accelerate the solution of dense linear systems by using hybrid architectures with multicore processors and accelerators. We focus on methods based on the LU factorization and our code development takes place in the context of the MAGMA library. We study different hybrid CPU/GPU solvers based on the LU factorization which aim at reducing the communication overhead due to pivoting. The first one is based on a communication avoiding strategy of pivoting (CALU) while the second uses a random preconditioning of the original system to avoid pivoting (RBT). We show that both of these methods outperform the solver using LU factorization with partial pivoting when implemented on hybrid multicore/GPUs architectures. We also present new solvers based on randomization for hybrid architectures for Nvidia GPU or Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. With this method, we can avoid the high cost of pivoting while remaining numerically stable in most cases. The highly parallel architecture of these accelerators allow us to perform the randomization of our linear system at a very low computational cost compared to the time of the factorization. Finally we investigate the impact of non-uniform memory accesses (NUMA) on the solution of dense general linear systems using an LU factorization algorithm. In particular we illustrate how an appropriate placement of the threads and data on a NUMA architecture can improve the performance of the panel factorization and consequently accelerate the global LU factorization. We show how these placements can improve the performance when applied to hybrid multicore/GPU solvers

The public library is challenged by changing technologies and the spread of commercial strategies which undermine the purpose of the institution. The library must remain a key part of mass communication in a democracy, and a thriving network of branch libraries ensures that every small community has a place which enhances communication for the public good. The architecture of the library shapes how visitors interact with the collection and with each other, and the building can be designed to enhance the communication taking place inside it. The building can also convey institutional values through its built form, such as the celebration of plurality. Spatial metaphor is a primary means by which architecture can communicate complex ideas. This thesis explores generalizable strategies for the design of branch libraries, and tests them through the design of a particular branch in Edmonton, Alberta.

Edited and abridged version of a paper presented at International Conference on Digital Library, New Delhi, 24-27 February, 2004, entitled â Architecture and building of Medical Digital Library at National Informatics Centre: What exists and what is required for MeDLib@NIC?â
ICMR-NIC Centre for Biomedical Information has developed various products that are available over Internet. These includes: i. UNcat (http://uncat.nic.in) - union catalogue of journal holdings of medical libraries of India; ii. IndMED (http://indmed.nic.in) - A bibliographic database of Indian biomedical journals and iii. medIND (http://medind.nic.in) - full texts of Indian biomedical journals being indexed in IndMED. Now, having these services, tools, databases and content in operation, the focus of future activities would be to integrate these â ingredientsâ both internally and externally to provide â single window digital access persistentlyâ . Here we propose an architecture under which each service, tool, database and content collection is an independent layer. These layers are the building blocks of Digital Library (DL) and can interoperate with each other due to either build-in or plug-in(ed) interoperability. They are accessible by their own interfaces as well as through Digital Library interface. In context of the proposed architecture, this article also takes stoke of what is available and what is required to build the digital library.

Tsang Chun Man.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report."
Chapter 00 --- Background --- p.01
Chapter 01 --- Theoretical Research --- p.02-47
Chapter 01.1 --- Reading Research & Quotations --- p.02-03
Chapter 01.2 --- Observations in Hong Kong --- p.04-05
Chapter 01.3 --- Library Research
Chapter 01.3.1 --- Library Development Time-Line --- p.06-11
Chapter 01.3.2 --- Precedent Studies --- p.12-33
Chapter 01.3.3 --- HK Library Studies --- p.34-39
Chapter 01.4 --- Popular Reading Space --- p.40-47
Chapter 02 --- Thesis Design Studies --- p.48-70
Chapter 02.1 --- Design Intention --- p.48
Chapter 02.2 --- Site Conditions --- p.49-53
Chapter 02.3 --- Design Proposal
Chapter 02.3.1 --- Programmatic Studies --- p.54-55
Chapter 02.3.2 --- Conceptual Studies --- p.56-60
Chapter 02.3.3 --- Building Studies --- p.61-66
Chapter 02.3.4 --- Furniture Concept --- p.67-70
Chapter 03 --- Presentation Model --- p.71-77
Chapter 03.1 --- Model Photo --- p.71-76
Chapter 03.2 --- CD-ROM --- p.77
Chapter - --- Quotations from Reference Reading
Chapter - --- Power-point Presentation

The work began with a theoretical investigation into the relationship between the construction of architecture and the construction of cultural scripts of gender. Gender, as divided into the distinct cultural scripts of masculine and feminine, is based on dichotomous thought which can traced back to Greek philosophy. The mind/body split, originating with Plato, underlies a host of others: reason/intuition, justice/compassion, cognition/sensation, culture/nature, public/private, order/chaos, and ultimately, male/female. These pairs, each a cultural construct in itself, are conceived of as binary opposites, in which the former reigns supreme over the latter, rather than as equally valued ends of a continuum. The problem is, therefore, that the construct of gender, based on Platonic dichotomous thought and as such representative of the exclusionary practices of Western culture, is reinforced by architectural discourse and practice which accepts the basis of the construct as a pre-spatial given. I propose that the beginnings of a solution may lie in the rethinking and reconfiguration of the construct of gender from one based on dichotomous thought to one that allows for the possibility of a continuum amongst difference. The problem then becomes the formulation of an architectural language which indeed does not assume dichotomous thought as its basis, but rather holds dichotomy in balance with multiplicity, opposite with continuum, singularity with plurality. The site I have chosen is the triangle of land bounded by Stanley Park and the Lost Lagoon to the north, Chilco Street and Lagoon Drive to the south, Georgia Street to the east, and Stanley Park to the west. The site currently contains a bus loop, a concession stand, the "Nature House" and a public washroom. It is a hinge caught between the edge of the park, the urban grid of the West End apartment blocks, and the traffic corridor of Georgia Street. It spans the border between the city and the park and as such is conducive to the rethinking of the city/park boundary (or dichotomy). A study of the current use patterns of the multiple public's using the place (cyclists, pedestrians, buses, tourists, locals, young, old, male, female etc) revealed the site as a series of striations and boundaries in terms of their physical formal placement in the site and spatial relationships to each other.;A formal investigation resulted in an understanding of the site in terms of a series of platforms and retaining walls -- allowing possibilities for the beginnings of transformations of how boundaries/thresholds establish relationships between things. The program, or the series of overlaid programs, involves the integration of a civic program (a public library) into park program (sea wall and Stanley Park circulation routes, concession stand, the Nature House, public washrooms) as well as city infrastructure (bus loop: road ways, lamp posts, bus wires), again acting as a tool by which boundaries can be rethought. In an overall sense, working with this site and these programs also has led to an attempt to understand the construction of the site/building not only as a mediation between the city and the park, but also as a way to re-imagine the thresholds between architecture, landscape architecture and infrastructure.

D.Litt. et Phil. (Library and Information Science)
Since the first library building was built in 1900 at the University of Stellenbosch no scientific study of library buildings as seen from the viewpoint of the librarian in the RSA has been done. No South African criteria for libraries at tertiary institutions exist, but SAPSE building norms have been available since the late seventies. The shift of priority from merely collecting information to providing information and updating developments in information and telecommunication technology, have resulted in the philosophy of the library building being adapted. With the primary problem area of the study being the functionality of the modern library building, in the RSA, the research area was defined according to period, type of library building and kind of institution. This study covers the period 1946 through 1983. A thorough literature study on the planning of libraries overseas and in the RSA has been conducted. The type of libraries analised in this study are the main library buildings at universities, teacher training colleges and technikons in use at the end of 1983. Eighteen university library buildings, nineteen teacher training college library buildings and seven technikon library buildings were considered. Each library has been visited and personal interviews were conducted with heads of libraries and senior members of the staff. The personal interview was supplemented by a structured questionnaire dealing with the history, planning, functional areas and the influence of technology on the building. This was completed during the interview. One university library did not occupy a planned library building in 1983. Two universities built two new main library buildings during the period thirteen universities built one each, while one expanded in linear fashion through several academic departments. At teacher training colleges ten new main libraries were constructed, one library was housed in a converted hall and eight were in temporary facilities. Three technikon libraries were in converted halls, three in temporary facilities and one in a library building which was built in 1923...

The Indiana State Library and Historical Building, constructed in 1934, is an outstanding example of stripped classicism and Art Deco. The ornament on both the exterior and interior of the limestone structure portray the regional story of the development of Indiana. The monumental building is the most well‐known work by Indianapolis architectural firm Pierre and Wright. Little has been written on the Indiana State Library and Historical Building and a comprehensive architectural history has never before been compiled on this remarkable building. The subject of research pertains to the original building only. Investigation examines the architectural competition for the design, the construction process, the numerous carvings, large stained glass windows, and four murals, and the symbolism in the ornament of the Indiana State Library and Historical Building. Through research at the Indiana State Library and the Indiana State Archives and using both primary and secondary resources, the motivation for much of the ornament was discovered. Additionally, long forgotten details and symbolism were recovered. This research provides insight into the narrative as told by the architecture and ornament of the building. It may assist in the research on the 1976 addition and the 2002 renovation that has yet to be completed. Furthermore, it will likely aid in future renovations and restorations of the building.
Introduction -- Methodology -- Literature review -- A brief history -- The competition -- The architects -- Construction -- Materials -- Architectural style -- Exterior sculpture -- Leon Hermant sculptures -- Interior material -- Interior features and symbols -- Stained glass windows -- Murals -- J. Scott Williams, artist -- Conclusion.
Department of Architecture

Zhong Jing.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
Thesis Inception --- p.P1
Case Study --- p.P8
Topographical Analysis --- p.P17
Program --- p.P27
Initial Design --- p.P35
Special Study --- p.P45
Architectural Design --- p.P49

The diploma thesis deals with unrealised projects of new buildings or refurbishments of libraries in the Czech Republic. It is notionally split into two parts. The theoretical part contains the reasons, why to build library buildings today and actual requierements on these specific kind of buildings. The most important czech and foreign documents on this topic are presented. One specific part is dealing with funding of library high-priced projects and also examples of successfull projects. The main focus of work is a summary of six public libraries focussed on their poor space conditions. After this, gathered data are equated with each other, with recommended values in Standard of Public Information Library Services and with comparable data of libraries placed in new or reconstructed buildings. In conclusion, the author questions subjectively the future of these six libraries. Part of the thesis is also extensive supplement with photos and graphic visualizations of unrealised projects.

(in English): This thesis is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of applied information architecture of two selected digital libraries - Manuscriptorium and Kramerius of the National Digital Library. Information architecture is one of several interconnected web design disciplines. For designing purposes, information architecture can be defined as a complex of elements and principles. Analysis and evaluation of the existing information architecture depends on its integration into the web sites context. The thesis contains theoretical part with definition of information architecture, its elements and principles of design. It describes evaluation methods of information architecture as a combination of qualitative and quantitative elements of web sites. Information architecture of digital libraries often means architecture of the system. The thesis contains a definition of a digital library and explains focus on access application. Testing of web usability is the best way of testing the information architecture of digital libraries. It enables to test information architecture from user's point of view. The conclusion provide results of the usability tests.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
圖書資訊學研究所
89
We tested 1784 subjects who were the National Taiwan University Library’s users, investigated the users about the cognitive and experience scores of National Taiwan University library web site in order to see how they use, how they think about and how they satisfied by the library web site, and we transcribed the user searching and browsing behaviors from web log reports to learn how the users do exactly. It was found that the top 10 university web sites are worth learning, and the usability of the information architecture of National Taiwan University library web site could be promote to some extent. The users usually use the library resources from library web site and satisfied by the library web site mostly. We suggested that user oriented library web site information architecture could augment the performance of the users information searching and browsing task, and the library web site should be evaluated iteratively.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990.
eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [136]-148).