Academic literature on the topic 'LiDAR interference'

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Journal articles on the topic "LiDAR interference"

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Carrara, Lucio, and Adrian Fiergolski. "An Optical Interference Suppression Scheme for TCSPC Flash LiDAR Imagers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112206.

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This paper describes an optical interference suppression scheme that allows flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imagers to run safely and reliably in uncontrolled environments where multiple LiDARs are expected to operate concurrently. The issue of optical interference is a potential show-stopper for the adoption of flash LiDAR as a technology of choice in multi-user application fields such as automotive sensing and autonomous vehicle navigation. The relatively large emission angle and field of view of flash LiDAR imagers make them especially vulnerable to optical interference. This work illustrates how a time-correlated single-photon counting LiDAR can control the timing of its laser emission to reduce its statistical correlation to other modulated or pulsed light sources. This method is based on a variable random delay applied to the laser pulse generated by LiDAR and to the internal circuitry measuring the time-of-flight. The statistical properties of the pseudorandom sequence of delays determines the effectiveness of LiDAR resilience against unintentional and intentional optical interference. For basic multi-camera operation, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) was used as a random delay generator, and the performance of the interference suppression was evaluated as a function of sequence length and integration time. Direct interference from an identical LiDAR emitter pointed at the same object was reduced up to 50 dB. Changing integration time between 10 ms and 100 ms showed a marginal impact on the performance of the suppression (less than 3 dB deviation). LiDAR signal integrity was characterized during suppression, obtaining a maximum relative deviation of the measured time-of-flight of 0.1%, and a maximum deviation of measurements spread (full-width half-maximum) of 3%. The LiDAR signal presented an expected worst-case reduction in intensity of 25%.
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Popko, Gerald B., Thomas K. Gaylord, and Christopher R. Valenta. "Geometric approximation model of inter-lidar interference." Optical Engineering 59, no. 03 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.59.3.033104.

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Kim, Gunzung, Jeongsook Eom, Jeonghee Choi, and Yongwan Park. "Mutual Interference on Mobile Pulsed Scanning LIDAR." IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 12, no. 1 (2017): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14372/iemek.2017.12.1.43.

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Feng, Liyan, Huazheng Gao, Jianxun Zhang, et al. "FPGA-based digital chaotic anti-interference lidar system." Optics Express 29, no. 2 (2021): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.414185.

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Adam, Mariana. "Notes on Temperature-Dependent Lidar Equations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 6 (2009): 1021–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1206.1.

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Abstract The temperature dependence of molecular backscatter coefficients must be taken into account when narrowband interference filters are used in lidar measurements. Thus, the spectral backscatter differential cross section of the molecules involved in the backscattering of the radiation has to be calculated or measured and the interference filter transmission efficiency must be known. The present paper is intended to describe in an easily reproducible manner the procedure involved in calculating the temperature-dependent functions introduced in the lidar equations, including the computation of the differential cross sections for air, nitrogen, and water vapor. The temperature-dependent functions are computed for the Howard University Raman lidar (HURL). The interference filter efficiencies are given by the manufacturer. Error estimates in water vapor mixing ratio and aerosol backscatter ratio involved when temperature-dependent functions are omitted are given for measurements taken with HURL. For the data analyzed, it is found that errors in estimating the water vapor mixing ratio are up to ∼6% while in estimating the aerosol backscattering ratio the errors are up to ∼1.3% in the planetary boundary layer and ∼2.2% in cirrus clouds. Theoretical computations are performed to determine temperature-dependent functions for nitrogen, water vapor, and their ratio, using simulated Gaussian-shaped filters. The goal is to find the optimum combination of different filters that will determine the ratio profiles of the temperature-dependent functions that are either the closest to unity or the least variable. The analyses reveal that quite constant profiles can be obtained for several combinations of the filters.
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Kuang, Shi, Bo Wang, Michael J. Newchurch, et al. "Evaluation of UV aerosol retrievals from an ozone lidar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (2020): 5277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5277-2020.

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Abstract. Aerosol retrieval using ozone lidars in the ultraviolet spectral region is challenging but necessary for correcting aerosol interference in ozone retrieval and for studying the ozone–aerosol correlations. This study describes the aerosol retrieval algorithm for a tropospheric ozone lidar, quantifies the retrieval error budget, and intercompares the aerosol retrieval products at 299 nm with those at 532 nm from a high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) and with those at 340 nm from an AErosol RObotic NETwork radiometer. After the cloud-contaminated data are filtered out, the aerosol backscatter or extinction coefficients at 30 m and 10 min resolutions retrieved by the ozone lidar are highly correlated with the HSRL products, with a coefficient of 0.95 suggesting that the ozone lidar can reliably measure aerosol structures with high spatiotemporal resolution when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient. The actual uncertainties of the aerosol retrieval from the ozone lidar generally agree with our theoretical analysis. The backscatter color ratio (backscatter-related exponent of wavelength dependence) linking the coincident data measured by the two instruments at 299 and 532 nm is 1.34±0.11, while the Ångström (extinction-related) exponent is 1.49±0.16 for a mixture of urban and fire smoke aerosols within the troposphere above Huntsville, AL, USA.
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Holloway, Simon, Hugo Ricketts, and Geraint Vaughan. "Boundary layer temperature measurements of a noctual urban boundary layer." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817606004.

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A low-power lidar system based in Manchester, United Kingdom has been developed to measure temperature profiles in the nocturnal urban boundary layer. The lidar transmitter uses a 355nm diode-pumped solid state Nd:YAG laser and two narrow-band interference filters in the receiver filter out rotational Raman lines that are dependent on temperature. The spectral response of the lidar is calibrated using a monochromator. Temperature profiles measured by the system are calibrated by comparison to co-located radiosondes.
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Tsai, Chia-Ming, and Yung-Chien Liu. "Anti-interference single-photon LiDAR using stochastic pulse position modulation." Optics Letters 45, no. 2 (2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.384894.

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Engelmann, Ronny, Moritz Haarig, Holger Baars, Albert Ansmann, Michael Kottas, and Eleni Marinou. "Measurements of particle backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio at 1064 nm with the rotational raman method in Polly-XT." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817601004.

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We replaced a 1064-nm interference filter of a Polly-XT lidar system by a 1058-nm filter to observe pure rotational Raman backscattering from atmospheric Nitrogen and Oxygen. Polly-XT is compact Raman lidar with a Nd:YAG laser (20 Hz, 200 mJ at 1064 nm) and a 30-cm telescope mirror which applies photomultipliers in photoncounting mode. We present the first measured signals at 1058 nm and the derived extinction profile from measurements aboard RV Polarstern and in Leipzig. In combination with another Polly-XT system we could also derive particle backscatter and lidar ratio profiles at 1064 nm.
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Liu, Shuai, Xiang Chen, Ying Li, and Xiaochun Cheng. "Micro-Distortion Detection of Lidar Scanning Signals Based on Geometric Analysis." Symmetry 11, no. 12 (2019): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121471.

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When detecting micro-distortion of lidar scanning signals, current hardwires and algorithms have low compatibility, resulting in slow detection speed, high energy consumption, and poor performance against interference. A geometric statistics-based micro-distortion detection technology for lidar scanning signals was proposed. The proposed method built the overall framework of the technology, used TCD1209DG (made by TOSHIBA, Tokyo, Japan) to implement a linear array CCD (charge-coupled device) module for photoelectric conversion, signal charge storage, and transfer. Chip FPGA was used as the core component of the signal processing module for signal preprocessing of TCD1209DG output. Signal transmission units were designed with chip C8051, FT232, and RS-485 to perform lossless signal transmission between the host and any slave. The signal distortion feature matching algorithm based on geometric statistics was adopted. Micro-distortion detection of lidar scanning signals was achieved by extracting, counting, and matching the distorted signals. The correction of distorted signals was implemented with the proposed method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method had faster detection speed, lower detection energy consumption, and stronger anti-interference ability, which effectively improved micro-distortion correction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LiDAR interference"

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Martins, Pedro Miguel Simões Bastos. "Interference analysis in time of flight LiDARs." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29885.

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Every 23 seconds, someone dies on the road. In 2018, 1.35 million people died because of a road accident, 90% of which were caused by human error: reckless behavior, distractions, fatigue, and bad decisions. Autonomous vehicles are one of the solutions to tackle this problem, by replacing or helping the human driver. For that, vehicles need to understand the world around them with great precision in 3D, which makes LiDAR one of the most promising sensors up for the task. To sense their surroundings, LiDARs emit laser beams, which can, theoretically, be received by a LiDAR on another car, disturbing the accuracy of its ability to map the surroundings. In a scenario where multiple autonomous vehicles equipped with LiDAR coexist, their mutual interference can undermine their capability to accurately understand the world and their capability to tackle one of the problems they came to solve: road accidents. In this Master’s thesis we propose to study the behavior of two LiDARs on several interference scenarios, varying their relative distance, height and positioning. We also attempt to understand the different impacts of direct and scattered interference, by blocking the LiDARs line of sight and verify the behavior of the interference on specific regions of interest and objects. We construct an experimental setup containing two LiDARs and a camera, intrinsically and extrinsically calibrate them and estimate the position of the objects of interest on the point cloud through regions of intereset previously detected on the image. Using this experimental setup we gathered more than 600 GB of raw data on which we apply 4 different techniques of interference analysis. Our findings show that the relative number of interference points lies between 10−7 to 10−3 . The results also show that direct interference predominates over scattered, generating relative values of interfered points one order of magnitude higher than when obstructing the line of sight between the LiDARs. We were able to identify cases on which interference seems to behave closely to sensor noise, being almost indistinguishable; in contrast when it was strongly deleterious, resulting on depth measurement errors that surpass the physical dimensions of the room where the setup is operating. We can conclude that interference seems no to be severe for autonomous driving as few measurements are severely impaired by it. Nevertheless, it can still have ill effects, especialy in situations of direct interference. We also conclude that its nature is highly volatile, depending on conditions not yet fully understand, including the influence of the experimental setup.<br>A cada 23 segundos, uma pessoa morre nas estradas. Em 2018, 1.35 milhões de pessoas morreram devido a acidentes nas estradas, 90% dos quais foram devidos a erro humano: condução perigosa, distrações, fadiga e más decisões. Veículos autónomos são uma das soluções apresentadas para resolver este problema, substituindo ou ajudando o condutor. Para tal, os veículos precisam de conseguir perceber aquilo que os rodeia com grande precisão, sendo o LiDAR um dos sensores mais promissores para essa tarefa. Para compreender o que os rodeia, os LiDARs emitem raios laser que podem, teoricamente, ser recebidos por um outro LiDAR, noutro carro, interferindo com a capacidade desse segundo LiDAR compreender o que rodeia. Num cenário onde múltiplos carros autónomos equipados com LiDAR coexistem, a sua interferência mútua pode comprometer a sua capacidade para perceber o que o rodeia com precisão e a possibilidade de solucionar um dos problemas que inicialmente ira resolver: acidentes e mortes na estrada. Nesta Dissertação de Mestrado, propomos o estudo do comportamento da interferência entre dois LiDARs em vários cenários de interferência, onde variamos a sua distância, altura e posição relativa. Tentámos também perceber o diferente impacto da interferência direta e dispersa, através da obstrução da linha de vista entre os dois LiDARs, e verificar qual o comportamento da interferência em regiões de interesse e objetos. Construímos um setup experimental contendo dois LiDARs e uma câmara, calibramo-los intrínseca e extrinsecamente e estimamos a posição dos objetos de interesse na point cloud através de regiões de interesse previamente detetadas em imagem. Usando este setup experimental, recolhemos mais de 600 GB de dados não tratados, aos quais aplicamos 4 técnicas de análise de interferência diferentes, todas desenvolvidas por nós. As nossas descobertas permite afirmar que o número relativo de pontos com interferência variam entre as ordens de magnitude de 10−7 e 10−3 . Os nossos resultados mostram que a interferência direta predomina sobre a interferência dispersiva, causando com que o valor da interferência relativa seja uma ordem de magnitude maior se a linha de vista entre os dois LiDARs for obstruída. Somos também capazes de identificar situações em que a interferência se comporta de forma parecida ao ruído do sensor, sendo quase indistinguível; e outros casos em que esta está fortemente presente, causando erros nas medições de distância que ultrapassam até as dimensões físicas do espaço onde o setup experimental está a ser operado. Concluímos que a interferência não aparenta ser tão destrutiva para condução autónoma como inicialmente previsto, devido à baixa ordem de grandeza da magnitude. De qualquer forma, esta pode ainda ter efeitos graves, principalmente em situações de interferência direta. Podemos também concluir que a natureza da interferência é altamente volátil, dependendo de condições ainda não 100% definidas, incluindo a influência como é criado o setup experimental.<br>Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
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Bastos, Daniel António Macedo. "Low bandwidth signals for LIDAR." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28323.

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During the last few years there has been a significative increase of the study and development of autonomous driving systems, in order to have a lower rate of car accidents in the future. One of the main functions necessary for a good performance of this type of systems is the detection and distance estimation of a potential obstacle. This can be achieved through the use of LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, within which the most used application is the pulsed LIDAR, for which a direct measurement of the time-of-flight of pulses, which are transmitted by a laser, reflected at an obstacle and captured by a receiver, is done. However, the cost and complexity of this type of implementation are still too high. Throughout this thesis, another type of LIDAR technique known as AMCW (Amplitude-modulated Continuous Wave) was then explored, for which continuous signals are amplitude-modulated and for which a good precision was obtained for the estimation of distances of an obstacle up to 300 m. This technique introduces the possibility of a reduction in cost and complexity of this type of system. Different ideal and non-ideal cases were simulated for two estimation methods e for different types of waveforms, in order to understand which parameters and working conditions enable the optimization of the system. Another great focus of this thesis was the influence of the presence of interferences, originated from other LIDARs, on the estimation methods. From the obtained results, it was observed that even for scenarios with the presence of various interferences, the system is capable of making estimations with an acceptable absolute error. Lastly, the possibility of implementing a communication system in cooperation with the studied estimation system without losses in estimation quality, was tested. It was concluded that this implementation is possible, guaranteed that some conditions relative to the transmitted signals are respected.<br>Durante os últimos anos tem existido um aumento significativo no estudo e desenvolvimento de sistemas de condução autónoma, com vista a um futuro com zero acidentes rodoviários. Uma das principais funções necessárias para um bom funcionamento deste tipo de sistemas é a deteção e localização de um potenciais obstáculos. Tal pode ser conseguido através da tecnologia LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). O tipo de LIDAR mais utilizado é o pulsado, onde é feita a medição direta do tempo de voo de pulsos emitidos por um laser, refletidos por um obstáculo, e capturados num recetor. No entanto, o custo e a complexidade deste tipo de implementação ainda são proibitivos. Ao longo deste trabalho foi explorada outro tipo de técnica LIDAR, designada por AMCW (Amplitude-modulated Continuous Wave), na qual são utilizados sinais contínuos modulados em amplitude e para a qual foi obtida uma boa precisão para medição de distâncias de um obstáculo até 300 m. Esta técnica abre a possibilidade a uma redução em custo e complexidade. Vários casos ideais e não-ideais foram simulados para dois métodos de estimação e para diferentes formas de onda, de maneira a perceber quais são os parâmetros e condições de funcionamento que permitem a otimização do sistema. Outro foco desta tese foi o estudo do impacto da influência da presença de interferência proveniente de outros LIDARs. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que mesmo face a situações improváveis com presença de várias fontes de interferência, o sistema é capaz de operar com um erro absoluto aceitável. Por fim, foi também testada a possibilidade de implementação de um sistema de comunicação em cooperação com o sistema de estimação estudado sem perdas na sua qualidade de estimação. Concluiu-se que esta implementação é possível, desde que certas condições relativamente aos sinais transmitidos sejam respeitadas.<br>Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
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Book chapters on the topic "LiDAR interference"

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Godbaz, John P., Adrian A. Dorrington, and Michael J. Cree. "Understanding and Ameliorating Mixed Pixels and Multipath Interference in AMCW Lidar." In TOF Range-Imaging Cameras. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27523-4_5.

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Ansmann, Albert. "Molecular-Backscatter Lidar Profiling of the Volume-Scattering Coefficient in Cirrus." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0013.

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Backscatter and polarization lidars have already been used extensively to investigate ice clouds (see chapters 2 and 10). A severe limitation is that trustworthy values of the volume-scattering coefficient, one of the most important parameters in the description of the impact of cirrus on climate, cannot be derived from data taken with these lidars. Even the retrieved cirrus backscatter-coefficient profile is often questionable. A discussion of achievements and limitations of the lidar method can be found in the literature (e.g., Fernald et al. 1972; Klett 1981; Fernald 1984; Klett 1985; Sasano et al. 1985; Bissonnette 1986; Ansmann et al. 1992b; Kovalev 1995). The procedure, with all its subsequent modifications and improvements, suffers from the fact that two physical quantities, the particle backscatter coefficient and the particle extinction coefficient, must be determined from only one lidar signal. The uncertainties in the estimated optical parameters are especially large in cirrus, in which the relationship between particle extinction and backscattering can vary strongly in space and time. The situation improved significantly when the first molecular (Raman)-backscatter lidar experiments demonstrated that accurate extinction profiling throughout the entire troposphere is possible (Ansmann et al. 1990, 1992b). After the Pinatubo eruption, it was shown that even at stratospheric heights profiles of the volume-scattering coefficient can easily be obtained with a Raman lidar (Ansmann et al. 1991, 1993a, 1997; Ferrare et al. 1992; Gross et al. 1995; Donavan und Carswell 1997). Two types of molecular-backscatter lidars for extinction measurements are available. The Raman lidar measures lidar return signals elastically backscattered by air molecules and particles and inelastically (Raman) backscattered by nitrogen and/or oxygen molecules (Cooney et al. 1969; Melfi 1972; Ansmann et al. 1992a; Whiteman et al. 1992; Reichardt et al. 1996). Interference-filter polychromators and double-grating monochromators (Arshinov et al. 1983; Wandinger et al. 1998) are used to separate the aerosol signal from the vibrational-rotational or pure rotational Raman signals, to reduce the sky background radiation, and, for the Raman channels, to block the strong elastic-backscatter radiation at the laser wavelength. The suppression has to be better than 10-8. The second type of a molecular-backscatter lidar is the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL).
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Conference papers on the topic "LiDAR interference"

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Kim, Gunzung, Jeongsook Eom, and Yongwan Park. "An Experiment of Mutual Interference between Automotive LIDAR Scanners." In 2015 12th International Conference on Information Technology - New Generations (ITNG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2015.113.

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Kim, Gunzung, Jeongsook Eom, Seonghyeon Park, and Yongwan Park. "Occurrence and characteristics of mutual interference between LIDAR scanners." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Ivan Prochazka, Roman Sobolewski, and Ralph B. James. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2178502.

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Hwang, Il-Pyeong, Seok-jun Yun, and Chang-Hee Lee. "Study on the Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave LiDAR Mutual Interference." In 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947067.

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Kim, Gunzung, Jeongsook Eom, and Yongwan Park. "Investigation on the occurrence of mutual interference between pulsed terrestrial LIDAR scanners." In 2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2015.7225724.

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Kim, Gunzung, Jeongsook Eom, Soojung Hur, and Yongwan Park. "Analysis on the characteristics of mutual interference between pulsed terrestrial LIDAR scanners." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7326229.

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Eom, Jeongsook, Gunzung Kim, Soojung Hur, and Yongwan Park. "Assessment of mutual interference potential and impact with off-the-shelf mobile LIDAR." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling in Glass Waveguides and Materials. OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppm.2018.jtu2a.66.

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Godbaz, John P., Michael J. Cree, and Adrian A. Dorrington. "Closed-form inverses for the mixed pixel/multipath interference problem in AMCW lidar." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Charles A. Bouman, Ilya Pollak, and Patrick J. Wolfe. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.909778.

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Eom, Jeongsook, Gunzung Kim, and Yongwan Park. "Mutual interference potential and impact of scanning lidar according to the relevant vehicle applications." In Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXIV, edited by Monte D. Turner and Gary W. Kamerman. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518643.

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Ishizaki, Yu, Chao Zhang, Sze Y. Set, and Shinji Yamashita. "A novel software-based optical sampling scheme for high-precision and interference-free time-of-flight LiDAR." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2020.af3m.1.

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Seo, Hyeongseok, Heesun Yoon, Dongkyu Kim, et al. "A 36-Channel SPAD-Integrated Scanning LiDAR Sensor with Multi-Event Histogramming TDC and Embedded Interference Filter." In 2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162807.

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