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1
Couser, G. Thomas. "The Limits and Limitations of Disability." Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies 16, no. 3 (2022): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2022.24.
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In the article, the author discusses his topic in relation to two experiences that have stimulated his thinking. The first experience was that of co-editing, with Susannah B. Mintz, a two-volume reference work entitled Disability Experiences: Memoirs, Autobiographies, and Other Personal Narratives for Gale Cengage. The second was teaching the Illness/Disability Narrative Course in Columbia’s Narrative Medicine Program in the spring 2021 term. Both experiences have entailed consideration of distinct and various limits of disability narrative (e.g. generic, geographical, physiological). The article addresses limits on both the production and the reception of such narrative and the consequent limitations of this discourse. Overall, the status of disability life writing today is paradoxical: on the one hand, it often exceeds what might have been considered its limits; on the other, it remains limited in troubling ways.
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Webster, A. J. F. "Limitations to Productivity." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026106.
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Productivity in livestock systems is closely correlated with gross efficiency. Improving efficiency by increasing productivity is an honourable pursuit since it minimises waste; not least the waste of animals through disease, infertility or simply the inability to provide food in excess of maintenance. By this (limited) definition the limits to productivity in any system are defined only by the quality of feed available and the genetic and physiological capacity of the animal to convert it into food for man. However, the approach to the limit is asymptotic, i.e. subject to the law of diminishing returns. Until recently most Animal Science has been directed towards marginal improvements in productivity but we now recognise the need to broaden our objectives to include quality of life criteria, such as environmental protection and animal welfare. My remit is to consider how to incorporate a proper concern for animal welfare into the assessment of limits to productivity,or more precisely, the cost/benefit analysis of marginal responses to increased intensity of production.
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Valenza, Robert J. "Cosmos, Logos, and the Limits of Science." Process Studies 36, no. 2 (2007): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44799031.
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Abstract Following the introduction of the special and general theories of relativity and development of consequent cosmological models, the extent to which time and space play a starkly abstract role in physics has become more and more apparent. We examine here whether the full force of such abstract characterizations comes ultimately into opposition with the practice of science and implies some hard limitations on the scope of scientific discourse.
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Stieve, Hennig. "Limits of Natural Science: Brain Research and Computers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, no. 5-6 (1995): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1995-5-601.
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Abstract The criterion that pure natural science can only investigate objective phenomena which can be observed by independent observers sets certain limits to our scientific understanding of brain functions. The methods and the present state of brain research and of computer development are described. The limitations of brain research are discussed by comparing the properties of brains and computers. At least for the time being we do not know of any natural scientific -i.e. physical or chemical -method which allows the objective measurement of consciousness, sensations, and emotions.
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Casadevall, Arturo, and Ferric C. Fang. "Reproducible Science." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 12 (2010): 4972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00908-10.
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ABSTRACT The reproducibility of an experimental result is a fundamental assumption in science. Yet, results that are merely confirmatory of previous findings are given low priority and can be difficult to publish. Furthermore, the complex and chaotic nature of biological systems imposes limitations on the replicability of scientific experiments. This essay explores the importance and limits of reproducibility in scientific manuscripts.
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Netting, Andrew G. "Limitations within “The Limits to Tree Height”1." American Journal of Botany 96, no. 2 (2009): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0800144.
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Jayard, S. Stephen. "Towards an Enlightened and Enriched Humanity: Rays of Hope from Critical Interaction with the Contemporary Science." Jnanadeepa: Pune Journal of Religious Studies July-Dec 2011, Vol 14/2 (2011): 79–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4284207.
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Science is, no doubt, a powerful force that cannot be just ignored, while considering human and Christian com­ munities. It is indeed a great asset, not only for making our lives comfortable, but quenching the inborn curiosity to know better and to achieve more. However, science, being aware of its own limits and limitations, is cautious in claiming to be absolute; being led by the spirit of interdisciplinary approaches it realizes more and more the need not to be autocratic; and above all, being a social enterprise, which is by humans and for humans, science realizes its moral and ethical responsi­ bilities and this last realization, in turn, emphasizes the seri­ ous commitments of humans towards safeguarding nature, as humans are supposed to be the custodians of nature, rather than exploiters of it. In the first section, the author focuses on one of the impor­ tant areas of the contemporary science that pose challenge to the human identity and dignity: Artificial Intelligence. After a brief exposition of this enterprise, he argues that though this is quite challenging to the understanding of the human person. Its shortcomings and inabilities seem to suggest that science cannot handle these issues alone, but need to collabo­ rate with other disciplines. Then, in the second section, the young scholar discusses the limits and limitations of science, showing the need and the urgency of the interdisciplinary approaches to fathom reality and to enhance humanity. This learning experience has made science rather realistic in its claims and approaches. In the Concluding Remarks, after briefly explaining what he means by ‘hope’, ‘enrichment’ and ‘enlightenment’, our scholar shows how the deeper aware­ ness of the intrinsically complex issues of the mind-body rela­ tionship and the limits of science make science more realistic in its claims, more cautious in its investigations and, above all, more humble in its self-image. This, according to the au­ thor, enables us to see the rays of hope for the betterment of humanity and the Cosmos.
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Olszewski, Adam. "The Limits of Computer Science. Weizsäcker’s Argument." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 69, no. 1 (2024): 411–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2024-0028.
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Abstract The main purpose of this paper, which takes the form of an essay, is an attempt to answer the question of the limits of artificial intelligence (AI). In the introductory section, we present the key milestones in AI development, both historical and future projections, in which two terms – Artificial Human (AH) and Artificial ‘god’ (AG) – play a special role. In the second section, we clarify the question of the limits of AI by indicating the hypothetical goal of AI development. The third section develops the argument proposed by C. F. Weizsäcker, originally formulated for cybernetics. The conclusion of this argument is optimistic about limitations to the possibilities of cybernetic simulations. We apply this argument to AI and subject it to a critique which ultimately undermines the legitimacy of its conclusion. We base the critique on two well-known results: the theorem of the unsolvability of the halting problem and Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem, and we formulate two objections interpreted without adopting Church’s thesis. In the crucial fourth section, we present a third objection in the form of a hypothesis for which we argue that AI (AH), understood as a subject, will always be solipsistic.
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Lumbreras, Sara, Laura Gismera, and Lluis Oviedo. "How a Humbler Science Becomes a Better Science." Religions 14, no. 1 (2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010064.
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Giving humility a key role in scientific practice and communication would improve its objective social function—that is, the production of knowledge about our world and its application to the improvement of the human condition—and its public acceptance. This article reviews the limits of science arising from systemic, epistemic, methodological, and individual limitations and links them to the phenomena in scientific practice that they originate from. The reflection invites us to consider science from the point of view of its limits in situations where there is difficulty in reaching a consensus but also when a consensus has indeed been achieved. Science and technology reflect who we are as individuals and as a society and inherit both our virtues and weaknesses. Humility is the key to getting technoscience that brings us closer to the truth and helps us advance toward improving the human condition. Humbler science becomes a better science.
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Kurth, Martin. "The limits and limitations of transaction log analysis." Library Hi Tech 11, no. 2 (1993): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047888.
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Hufford, David J. "Evaluating Complementary and Alternative Medicine: The Limits of Science and of Scientists." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 2 (2003): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00081.x.
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Science provides the most important set of tools for the evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Nonetheless, there are important limits in science that constrain its ability to evaluate CAM effectively. Some are the limits encountered by science in conventional medical research. Others are peculiar to this controversial topic. The most important limits are not those inherent within the basic methods of science, but rather within the culture of science — the particular ways that scientific knowledge, theory, and method are configured and arrayed rhetorically, and in the social context in which science operates. It is the limitations of scientists as a group of human beings more than science as a set of methods that hamper scientific evaluation of CAM.
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Satya, Nilayam Research Institute of Philosophy &. Culture. "Struggles of Science and Relevance of Religion." Satya Nilayam Chennai Journal of Intercultural Philosophy 24 (June 5, 2013): 110–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12770165.
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Most of the learned do not dispute the claim that science is not all-powerful,as it has its own limits and limitations. Science has struggled and stumbled, not only in the past centuries, but also in our present times, in spite of the amazing explosion in technology and excellence in various expertise.
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Mider, Daniel. "Bariery nauki. Szkic o epistemologicznych granicach ludzkiego poznania." Studia Politologiczne, no. 59/2021 (March 31, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2021.59.1.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of factors that prevent or limit the development of broadly understood science. The following types of limitations have been distinguished: psychosocial, biological, political, resource barriers and the final nature of science. Biological barriers lie in human sensory endowment. Psychosocial barriers are determined by the conditions of the functioning of human societies. Resource barriers are constraints on economic and energy reserves. The problem of the scope of science is understood as the finite scope of the mysteries of science itself – the fact of a limited number of possible discoveries.
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Koch, George W., and Stephen C. Sillett. "A response to: Limitations within “The Limits to Tree Height”." American Journal of Botany 96, no. 2 (2009): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0800399.
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Duffield, John S. "The Limits of “Rational Design”." International Organization 57, no. 2 (2003): 411–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830357206x.
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“The Rational Design of International Institutions” (special issue of IO, Autumn 2001) makes a significant contribution to the theoretical literature on international institutions. It is important, however, to recognize the limits of both the Rational Design project in its current form and the conclusions that can be drawn from the special issue about the project's usefulness and validity. This article evaluates the project on its own terms, as a rationalist attempt to explain variation in international institutions. I identify three significant sets of limitations: those of the scope of the project, those of the analytical framework, and those of the efforts that are made to evaluate the framework through empirical analysis. Although the first set of limitations is largely a matter of choice, the last two raise questions about how much of an advance the special issue in fact represents. Nevertheless, these shortcomings are not absolute—they can be remedied through further theoretical and empirical research.
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Gann, Rose. "The Limits of Textbook Ideology." Politics 15, no. 2 (1995): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1995.tb00130.x.
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This article critically reviews five recently published textbooks on Modern Ideologies. It argues that these texts rely upon a particular conception of ideology that is useful in providing a framework through which the histories and ideas of specific ideologies are analysed, compared and assessed. However, placed in the context of the wider debate concerning the nature of ideology, it fails to address important issues and its limitations become apparent.
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Maher, Craig S., Judith I. Stallmann, Steven C. Deller, and Sungho Park. "The effects of tax and expenditure limits on state fiscal reserves." Public Policy and Administration 32, no. 2 (2016): 130–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076716660607.
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To help policy makers manage expenditures during periods of economic downturns, most states have formal budget stabilization funds and unreserved fund balances. Using indices of tax and expenditure limitations laws restrictiveness, we examine the relationship between tax and expenditure limitations and state reserves for years 1992–2010 to help determine the extent to which tax and expenditure limitations constrain or in other ways affect how states manage fiscal reserves. This time period is particularly relevant because it includes two recessions and most states had budget stabilization funds and tax and expenditure limitations. Findings suggest that state-constructed tax and expenditure limitations have little effect on state capacity to react to fiscal shocks.
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Kuzmin, Platon А. "The Semiotic Method of Cognition of Reality: Limits of Applicability." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 3 (2019): 610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-3-610-621.
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This article discusses the degree and usefulness of the applicability of the semiotic method in science, philosophy and academic theology. The philosophy of the semiotic method and its relationship with Orthodox theology are considered. A specific case of application of the semiotic method in Russian science in the study of theological texts in the works of S.S. Averintsev is presented and studied. It is concluded that the extensional universality of the semiotic method in all spheres of knowledge and its limitations in the ability to adequately reflect reality.
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Bacigalupe, Leonardo D., and Francisco Bozinovic. "Design, limitations and sustained metabolic rate: lessons from small mammals." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 19 (2002): 2963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.19.2963.
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SUMMARY Physiological limitations affect an organism's capacity to acquire and expend energy over long periods of activity. These limitations could be related to the central machinery used for acquiring, processing and allocating energy, or by the energy-consuming machinery. Another possibility is that the capacities of central and peripheral organs and tissues are co-adjusted,implying an optimized design. Given the important consequences that rates of energy expenditure have on many ecological aspects of animal life, we need to understand which factors impose ceilings on sustained metabolic rate. Ceilings on sustainable energy expenditure represent the limit below which all the activities performed by an individual must occur. There have been many studies of design constraints on energy budgets, but the different procedures used to identify the type of physiological limitation do not necessarily resolve which factors actually impose metabolic ceilings in small mammals, which precludes a clear understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of design constraints on energy budgets. We propose that the following steps are necessary to identify the physiological limits on sustained metabolic rate:(1) combining peak energy demands to differentiate a central limitation from a peripheral limitation; (2) pushing the animals to their physiological limits(e.g. asymptotic food intake); (3) testing for a central excess capacity (if the limit is set peripherally), or a peripheral excess capacity (if there is a central limitation); (4) utilizing different levels of energy demand to test for symmorphosis.
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Tyutyunnik, Yulian Gennadievich. "Possibilities and limits of physical and mathematical interpretation in landscape science." Известия Русского географического общества 151, no. 6 (2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151694-103.
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Physical reductionism and mathematical formalization in landscape science have their fundamental limitations. Reductionism is limited because it is impossible to fully explain complex phenomena and reduce them to simpler ones (this has been discussed and demonstrated in philosophical and methodological literature repeatedly). Mathematical formalizations are fundamentally limited by the irrational, emotional, symbolic aspects of human existence, which is an organic component of the landscape. This follows from the very nature of mathematical discourse in its closest to landscape and geographical form in the form of the theory of sets. This is the basic idea of the article. Ontological and epistemological limits of physical and mathematical formalization in landscape studies do not allow to say that the latter can be fully represented and interpreted within the framework of the so-called geophysical paradigm, which is the subject of the article of V. V. Sysuev. (Izvestiya RGO, 2019, vyp. 4, p. 6183).
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Thibeault, Nancy Morse, and Roy S. Smith. "Magnetic Bearing Measurement Configurations and Associated Robustness and Performance Limitations." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 4 (2002): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1514671.
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We obtain bounds on achievable sensitivity and complementary sensitivity reduction for a magnetic bearing system in three measurement configurations. We use the sensitivity reduction bounds to deduce achievable robustness and performance limits for each system configuration. We then show how these limits vary with varying magnetic bearing physical dimensions and other parameter values as well as varying closed-loop system bandwidth and controller relative degree. Using all of this information, we derive guidelines for designing magnetic bearing systems and their controllers, for each measurement configuration considered, for greatest achievable robustness and performance.
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Green, Brendan Rittenhouse, Austin Long, Matthew Kroenig, Charles L. Glaser, and Steve Fetter. "The Limits of Damage Limitation." International Security 42, no. 1 (2017): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_c_00279.
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Sitnova, I. "Reasons of Russian Poverty: Structural and Mental Levels and Limits." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2012): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-2-57-69.
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The article says about the limitations of Russia's transformation, which manifested in the reform of post-communist societies. These limitations contribute to the development of poverty in Russia. The author interpretes them as mental restrictions associated with historical experience of the Russian society.
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Bielefeldt, Heiner. "Limiting Permissible Limitations: How to Preserve the Substance of Religious Freedom." Religion & Human Rights 15, no. 1-2 (2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10001.
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Abstract The question of how to draw legitimate limits to the content and exercise of human rights has caused many controversies, not only in academic debates, but also in human rights practice. Governments often invoke limitation clauses linked to human rights provisions as a broad allowance to impose restrictions. However, the main function of those clauses is actually to limit the scope of permissible limitations. This chapter takes freedom of religion or belief as a test case to illustrate the role of limitation clauses. Moreover, from an adequate understanding of limitation clauses, the popular “balancing” semantics deserves serious criticism, since it obfuscates the task to preserve the substance of human rights guarantees even in situations of normative conflict.
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Marco, Malvestio. "Theorizing Eco-Dystopia: Science Fiction, the Anthropocene, and the Limits of Catastrophic Imagery." European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes 5, no. 1 (2022): 24–38. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/14532.
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This essay considers a peculiar kind of science-fictional writing with environmental concerns that pivots on the imagery of catastrophe and blends the dystopian and the post-apocalyptic traditions. This sub-genre is known as eco-dystopia, which, I argue, merges the catastrophic imagery of the post-apocalyptic tradition with the consequential mode of dystopia. Eco-dystopias rely on the imagery of catastrophe to warn the public about the dangers and the consequences of the Anthropocene. However, such imagery presents strong limitations when used to dramatize and conceptualize the Anthropocene, as it is modeled on catastrophes that have little in common with the current ecological crisis.
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ELLIOTT, JOHN. "The limits of historical knowledge." European Review 11, no. 1 (2003): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000036.
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This paper sets out the limitations of knowledge from the past and the ways that knowledge can be used. The first part deals with the extent to which the past can be known and raises questions about the survival of evidence and also about the ways evidence is interpreted. The second part looks briefly at possible uses of the past and suggests, in particular, the importance of new interpretations challenging the received wisdom and thus giving societies new ways of looking at themselves and their histories.
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Wójcik, Łukasz, Zbigniew Pater, Tomasz Bulzak, and Janusz Tomczak. "Physical Modeling of Cross Wedge Rolling Limitations." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040867.
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This article presents the results of model tests aiming to verify the possibility of applying commercial plasticine as a model material for modelling the limits to the cross-wedge rolling process. This study presents a comparison of the results of laboratory testing and physical modelling of cross-wedge rolling (CWR) processes. Commercial plasticine was the model material used in the research to model 50HS grade steel formed in 1150 °C. The model material was cooled to 0 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C, 12,5 °C, and 15 °C. Physical modelling of neckings and slippages is only possible when the plasticine is heated to 12.5 °C prior to forming. Commercial plasticine does not enable one to model the cracking process inside the rolled element.
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Evtushenko, S. M. "Constitutional and Legal Analysis of Conditions, Limitations and Immanent Limits of Passive Suffrage." Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya 23, no. 1 (2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2023-1-84-90.
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Various types of electoral qualifications are studied and their characteristics are analyzed. Based on the identified essential characteristics of various types of electoral qualifications, it seems necessary to differentiate the conditions, restrictions and immanent limits of passive suffrage. It is concluded that the fundamental difference between the conditions for the implementation of passive suffrage and its restrictions lies in the purpose of their establishment.
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Duch, Włodzislaw. "Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Humanities." Er(r)go. Teoria - Literatura - Kultura, no. 48 (August 5, 2024): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/errgo.14525.
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The complexity of cultures in the modern world is now beyond human comprehension. Cognitive sciences cast doubts on the traditional explanations based on mental models. The core subjects in humanities may lose their importance, but new, interdisciplinary branches of humanities emerge. Humanities have to adapt to the digital age. Instant access to information will be replaced by instant access to knowledge. Artificial intelligence is going to change humanities in a radical way, from art to political sciences and philosophy. Understanding the cognitive limitations of humans and the opportunities opened by the development of artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary research necessary to address global challenges is the key to the revitalization of humanities.
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BUCHANAN, ROBERT L., and CATHERINE M. DEROEVER. "Limits In Assessing Microbiological Food Safety." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 8 (1993): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.8.725.
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Scientific information pertaining to the incidence of foodborne disease and the sources of pathogenic microorganisms is often limited in relation to the knowledge needed to make informed microbiological food safety decisions. Inherent limitations in the current epidemiological reporting system constrain its usefulness for ascertaining the true incidence of foodborne disease. Additionally, current detection methods are insufficient to make real-time decisions on the microbiological safety of products. An integrated approach that combines enhanced epidemiological data, improved detection methods, detailed knowledge of the behavior of pathogens in food systems, and development of techniques for making quantitative risk assessments is essential for the development of a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for assuring microbiologically safe foods.
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Schink, B. "Anaerobic digestion: concepts, limits and perspectives." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 10 (2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0274.
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Anaerobic degradation processes are faced with limitations with respect to reaction energetics and reaction kinetics. The small amount of energy available in methanogenic degradation of complex organic compounds allows in most cases only the conservation of minimum amounts of energy in the lowest range of energy exploitable by biochemical reactions for ATP-synthesis. This limit has to be defined in the range of 1/3–1/4 of an ATP unit, or 15–20 kJ per mol reaction. Such small amounts of energy are exploited efficiently by syntrophic microbial communities co-operating e.g. in fatty acid conversion to methane and CO2. Methanogens also set the stage for efficient conversion of sugars or amino acids, and channel electron fluxes to the utmost efficiency. Kinetic limitations are set by the inertness of certain compounds, e.g. hydrocarbons, to react in the absence of a strong oxidant. New reactions have been found recently which activate such compounds, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, methane, or ammonia. Refined techniques for analysis of microbial activities in ill defined natural environments such as digestive tracts of small invertebrates or polluted aquifers have shown an amazing capacity for anaerobic or oxygen-limited degradation processes that are still to be exploited. Thus, anaerobic digestion is still a matter of fast increasing knowledge, both on the side of basic research as well as on the side of application in treatment of soil, waste materials, or in understanding complex living communities.
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Roznai, Yaniv. "THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ‘SUPRA-CONSTITUTIONAL’ LIMITS ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 3 (2013): 557–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000249.
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AbstractThis article examines whether there are any limitations on constitutional amendment powers that are external to the constitutional system and above it—‘supra-constitutional’ limits. It considers the theory and practice of the relationship between natural law, international law or other supranational law, and domestic constitutional law in a comparative prism. After considering the alleged supremacy of supranational law over constitutional amendments, the author explores the problem of the relationship between the different legal orders in the external/internal juridical spheres, and the important potential and actual role of national courts in ‘domesticating’ supranational law and enforcing its supremacy. It is claimed that despite the growing influence of supranational law, state practice demonstrates that constitutional law is still generally superior to international law, and even when the normative hierarchical superiority of supranational law is recognized within the domestic legal order, this supremacy derives not from supranational law as a separate legal order, but rather from the constitution itself. Therefore, it is claimed that existing practice regarding arguments of ‘supra-constitutional’ limitations are better described by explicit or implicit limitations within the constitution itself, through which supranational standards can be infused to serve as valid limitations on constitutional amendment powers.
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García-Camacho, Raúl, José María Iriondo, and Adrián Escudero. "Seedling dynamics at elevation limits: Complex interactions beyond seed and microsite limitations." American Journal of Botany 97, no. 11 (2010): 1791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000248.
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Berghofer, Philipp. "Phenomenology and Experimental Psychology: On the Prospects and Limitations of Experimental Research for a Phenomenological Epistemology." Journal of Transcendental Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2020): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtph-2019-0006.
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AbstractHusserl’s transcendental phenomenology is first and foremost a science of the structures of consciousness. Since it is intended to yield eidetic, i. e., a priori insights, it is often assumed that transcendental phenomenology and the natural sciences are totally detached from each other such that phenomenological investigations cannot possibly benefit from empirical evidence. The aim of this paper is to show that a beneficial relationship is possible. To be more precise, I will show how Husserl’s a priori investigations on consciousness can be supplemented by research in experimental psychology in order to tackle fundamental questions in epistemology. Our result will be a phenomenological conception of experiential justification that is in accordance with and supported by empirical phenomena such as perceptual learning and the phenomenon of blindsight. Finally, I shall shed light on the systematic limits of empirical research.
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Johnson, M. S., and J. R. Speakman. "Limits to sustained energy intake." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 11 (2001): 1967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.11.1967.
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SUMMARYWe have previously observed that female MF1 mice appeared to reach a limit in their food intake and milk production during late lactation, reaching a plateau between days 13 and 16 of lactation and between litter sizes of 9 and 15. These mice did not increase their food intake when forced to raise more offspring or when manipulated to be concurrently pregnant during late lactation, yet they did eat significantly more food at the peak of their second sequential lactation or when challenged with food of reduced energy content. These data suggest that apparent limits on sustained energy intake in this strain may not reflect central limitations but rather peripheral constraints at the mammary glands. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these were indeed limits by increasing the demands on the females during late lactation by cold-exposure (8°C). Females responded to this manipulation by significantly increasing their food intake (F1,73=77.53, P<0.001) above that of lactating females kept in warmer conditions (21°C). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the number of pups raised in the cold (t=2.36, d.f.=18, P=0.03), with the majority of the mortality occurring within the first 2 days of cold-exposure. The mean mass of the pups raised in the cold was significantly lower (F1,74=13.8, P<0.001) than that of those raised in the warm. Despite the cold-exposure and the increased food intake, there was no difference in the resting metabolic rates of the two groups of mothers or in the lengths of their small intestine. The greater food intake of lactating mice during cold-exposure supported our previous observations that they were capable of eating more food than the previously suggested limit of 23.1gday−1. However, the milk energy output of females in the cold was also significantly higher than in the warm (F1,15=11.99, P=0.003), indicating that the asymptotic food intake of females in the warm was not mediated by limitations in their milk production. Sustained energy intake in these mice does not appear to be centrally or peripherally limited. Rather, the mice may restrain their use of energy during their first lactation because of life-history consequences for future reproductive attempts.
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Ademola, Ojo Emmanuel. "Understanding the Limits of Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review." advances in multidisciplinary & scientific research journal publication 11, no. 1 (2025): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.22624/aims/sij/v11n1p4.
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In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), leading to transformative impacts across various industries and reshaping how individuals engage with technology. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge and come to terms with the intrinsic limitations of AI. This in-depth literature review meticulously investigates the distinct boundaries delineating AI's capabilities, shedding light on its strengths and shortcomings. Delving into the primary hurdles confronted by both researchers and practitioners in their pursuit of creating genuinely intelligent machines, the study underscores the pressing necessity of surmounting these challenges to drive advancements and promote innovation within the realm of AI. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, limitations, boundaries, challenges, intelligent machines, advancement. s Journal Reference Format: Ademola, O..E. (2025): Understanding the Limits of Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review. Social Informatics, Business, Politics, Law, Environmental Sciences & Technology Journal. Vol. 11, No. 1. Pp 47-54. www.isteams/socialinformaticsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/SIJ/V11N1P4
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Schoene, Robert B. "Limits of human lung function at high altitude." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 18 (2001): 3121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.18.3121.
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SUMMARY This paper will review the function of the lung at high altitude in humans. As the first interface between the environment and the body, the lung serves a vital role in the transfer of oxygen from the air to the blood. I will describe the limits of response and adaptation of the lung to this hypoxic stress, both at rest and during exercise when oxygen and carbon dioxide flux from the tissues is greater. First, ventilation will be described in terms of the hypoxic stimulus that causes an increase in breathing (ventilatory drives) and the metabolic cost from the respiratory muscles incurred by this increase. Individuals at high altitude also have a substantial sense of dyspnea which, in and of itself, may limit exercise tolerance. The final function of the lung is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, which it does at the alveolar–capillary interface. Here, important limitations are encountered because the driving pressure for oxygen from the air to the blood is lower and the more rapid transit time of blood across the pulmonary capillary allows less time for equilibration of oxygen with the blood. Both these phenomena lead to a limitation of diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar–capillary membrane and, thus, more accentuated hypoxemia. In spite of these restrictions, humans still do remarkably well in times of great stress from the hypoxic environment.
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Hermawan, Sapto, and Febrian Indar Surya Kusuma. "NORMATIVITY IN LEGAL SOCIOLOGY: Methodological Reflection on Law and Regulation in Late Modernity." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 11, no. 1 (2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.60982.
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Debates on the discussion of the law limits began to emerge along with the development of science. For some circles, interdisciplinary discussions are considered essential because they can complement a mature legal study. This concept also gave rise to legal studies carried out together with other scientific groups such as social sciences. In this context, the combination of the scope of social science and law has contributed to studying the prevailing social conditions by applying the rule of law. The limitations of the extra-legal aspects that appear in the socio-legal study are what then raise and require confirmation to be said as a study that results from the legal study space.
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Kovářík, Michal, Pavel Svoboda, and Henri Hubertus Achten. "Limits and Potential of 3D Printing Technologies for Construction of Concrete Shells." Solid State Phenomena 292 (June 2019): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.292.249.
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Concrete shells are a very effective type of building structures due to their ability to bridge large spans with minimal construction thickness. This type of building structures built on the medieval vaulting techniques and, regarding the use of reinforced concrete over the last 100 years, it has overcome the limitations of the masonry vaulting technologies and enabled to increase the span of structures to tens of meters. The construction technology to realize concrete shells using monolithic casting into formwork is besides abovementioned advantages characterized by high labour and thanks to the cost and manufacturing intensity of double curved formwork panels it allows economical realization of only selected structural geometries. Its considerable limitation is, besides the costly production of double curvature formwork, also the laborious installation of formwork and falsework structures. The solution seems to be in line with the upcoming transition to Construction 4.0 robotizing the construction technology of shells that could create a similar increase in productivity and design possibilities as was the technological transition between vaults and shells. One of the promising technologies of robotic production seems to be digital fabrication methods and, in particular, 3D printing or in other words additive manufacturing. This wasteless technology, which has been used to date for experimental projects mainly for the realization of vertical bearing structures, has, despite the first attempts at realizing vaults, a number of technological limitations. In this article, authors aim to summarize and indicate possible constraints of on site 3D printing of domes. They further indicate the possible ways to overcome these limitations and suggest two different means of on site 3D printing of hemispherical dome and the dome based on the catenary profile using extrusion nozzles with different profiles. Finally they discuss the Eurocode requirements for concrete shells and suggest technological solutions for on site 3D printed shells in terms of structural reinforcement.
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Schempp, Paul G. "Research on Teaching in Physical Education: Beyond the Limits of Natural Science." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 6, no. 2 (1987): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.6.2.111.
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Recent years have seen an increase in the amount of research activity devoted to teaching in physical education. The result of these efforts has been a substantial growth in the body of knowledge regarding movement pedagogy. Most of these undertakings have been completed with the natural science mode of inquiry as the research model. Thus, the natural science research paradigm has emerged as the dominant mode of inquiry and analysis for research on teaching in physical education. In spite of the major contributions made in the engagement of the natural science model, the subscription to a dominant mode of inquiry holds serious consequences in the development of any body of knowledge. The underlying assumptions of a paradigm pose limits to the knowledge to which one has access. Therefore, this paper offers an analysis of the assumptions embedded in the operationalization of the natural science research paradigm in order to illuminate their limitations for research on teaching in physical education. The assumptions of an alternative, qualitative paradigm are also identified and discussed in terms of their potential for researching beyond the limits of the natural science model. It was not the intent of this paper to declare one paradigm superior to any other, but rather to recognize the need for alternative perspectives in researching the phenomenon of teaching physical education.
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Hryshchenko, O. P. "FICTION IN THE LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURE OF EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONNECTION WITHIN THE EXPIRY OF THE LIMITATIONS PERIOD." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2021, no. 2 (2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2021.02.021.
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The essence and subject matter of fiction in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely fiction in the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period are analyzed in the article. The analysis of normative-legal acts, scholars’ views on the problem of fictitious norms is carried out. In particular, the author provides a description and analyzes the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period in the Criminal Codes of such foreign countries as: Poland, France, Germany. Based on the positive foreign experience, it is proposed to amend Article 49 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a new part 7 as follows: “The limitations period starts to be calculated from the moment of expiration. If the consequence that is a part of the act occurs later, the limitations period begins from this point”. It is mentioned that the exemption from criminal responsibility is an independent criminal and legal institution. However, its legal quintessence has the following features: since the de jure exemption does not result in the conviction of a person who has committed a criminal offense, such a person avoids the adverse criminal consequences that this person has as a result of the conviction. It is clarified that the essence of the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period has a controversial nature in the science of Ukraine’s criminal law. The view according to which the basis of existence in criminal law of institute of prescription is loss of public danger of the committed act remains actual. It is concluded that the fiction in the legislative structure of exemption from criminal responsibility in connection with the expiry of limitations period is expressed in the limitation of time limits of criminal responsibility with the law on criminal responsibility. The Criminal Code of Ukraine denies the criminal and legal significance of the committed act and its consequences outside the time limits of criminal responsibility. This lack of correspondence between the real facts and their legal consolidation is a fiction of the institution of prescription. Key words: expiry of limitations period, fiction, exemption from criminal responsibility, legislator, criminal offense.
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Schoenherr, Jordan Richard. "Prestige technology in the evolution and social organization of early psychological science." Theory & Psychology 27, no. 1 (2016): 6–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354316677076.
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Instruments have become a central feature of psychological science. Their introduction into a research paradigm is typically framed in terms of their practical utility in offering calibration and precision in the presentation, representation, and recording of phenomena. However, a review of early experimental psychology reveals that instruments have an additional role in terms of the accumulation of domain-specific status, or prestige. The emergence and use of prestige technologies reflects a general feature of social organization wherein group members must compete for the attention of a community. An examination of the introduction of the chronoscope demonstrates that while there was an awareness of its functional limitations, these limits were often not prominent features of later paradigmatic discourse. In contrast to early adopters, later researchers appear to have demonstrated a reduced concern for these limitations suggesting that these instruments were being used as much for their prestige function as their practical utility.
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Fewster, Paul F. "The Limits of X-ray Diffraction Theory." Crystals 13, no. 3 (2023): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030521.
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X-ray diffraction theory allows the interpretation of experiments to build a structural model that fits the collected data. As with any experimental science, the observations are subject to uncertainty through the instrument and user limitations. Similarly, the theory can never be perfectly complete; it will have limits, and therefore the resultant model will have uncertainties associated with it. This article discusses the limits of X-ray kinematical and dynamical diffraction theories. These are not the only theories, but are the most widely used. These theories are often extended to accommodate new findings, which can reach the stage at which their fundamental premise is clouded. At that point, the theory requires a rethink. There should be nothing sacrosanct about a theory; it should represent the best usable explanation that will allow a good interpretation of the data. Both kinematical and dynamical theories assume that the X-rays see an average structure, which is not what a photon experiences. The observed diffraction pattern is the average of the diffraction patterns created by all the photons, which is not the same as the diffraction pattern from the average structure. Accounting for this has a profound influence on the interpretation of the data.
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Cowan, Nelson. "The importance of awareness of our human limits: A view from cognitive psychology and beyond." Cognitive Psychology Bulletin 1, no. 5 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscog.2020.1.5.9.
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Throughout my career I have been interested in human cognitive limitations, with an emphasis on limits of working memory, the small amount of information that we hold in mind and use to solve problems and comprehend language and other communication. Here I focus on one kind of implication of these limits. In particular, I discuss some of the consequences when people are unaware of their limits. Being unaware means that one will assume one knows things that one actually doesn’t know, which can lead to less-than-ideal actions and social interchanges. I trace the topic of not knowing as it applies to cognitive psychology, cognitive development, scientific methods, and relations of these topics to social and personality issues, using my own research career as the source of examples. I expect that better understanding of our own cognitive limits can lead to better science and a better world.
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Cowan, Nelson. "The importance of awareness of our human limits: A view from cognitive psychology and beyond." Developmental Psychology Forum 1, no. 91 (2020): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdev.2020.1.91.12.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout my career I have been interested in human cognitive limitations, with an emphasis on limits of working memory, the small amount of information that we hold in mind and use to solve problems and comprehend language and other communication. Here I focus on one kind of implication of these limits. In particular, I discuss some of the consequences when people are unaware of their limits. Being unaware means that one will assume one knows things that one actually doesn’t know, which can lead to less-than-ideal actions and social interchanges. I trace the topic of not knowing as it applies to cognitive psychology, cognitive development, scientific methods, and relations of these topics to social and personality issues, using my own research career as the source of examples. I expect that better understanding of our own cognitive limits can lead to better science and a better world.
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Hancock, Ralph C. "Religion and the Limits of Limited Government." Review of Politics 50, no. 4 (1988): 682–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500042005.
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A reflection on the meaning of limited government illuminates both its theoretical limits or boundaries and its practical limitations. The full rationality of the Lockean argument for narrowing the scope of politics to bodily self-interest may be questioned from two apparently opposite standpoints: because of its aggressive materialism or because it seems to rest upon a distinctly Christian dichotomy between spiritual and secular concerns. This paradox is further represented in the religious liberalism of the American Revolution, and a consideration of Calvin's theology suggests that this spiritual secularism is not simply an eighteenth-century confusion, but may derive from a radicalization of the Christian idea of transcendence. Thus both religious and secular sources of the ideal of limited government rest on unlimited claims for the unity of private self-preservation and universal Truth. This faith does not, however, exhaust the meaning of the Founding.
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Mishchenko, Alina, Valentyna Lukianets-Shakhova, Anna Abdel Fatah, Tetiana Sklema, and Hanna Ustinova-Boichenko. "Legal limitations of socio-economic rights: positive and negative experience of Europe." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 51 (2022): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.51.03.31.
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The article shows the review of legislative restrictions in European countries which deal with the limitations of the socio-economic rights of the population. The research aims to analyze the limits of human and civil rights and freedoms in modern conditions and directly related relations based on the study and generalization of the doctrinal heritage of legal science, current European legislation, and practice of its application. The article highlights the critical analysis of scientists' opinions on the formation and limitation of socio-economic rights, makes a general assessment of the legislative regulation of this issue. As a result, the features of legislative protection of human rights in European countries, the place of socio-economic rights in the general human rights, and their importance for the socio-economic development of society are shown. Furthermore, the main principles of legislative regulation and practical restrictions are shown: the supreme source of law, indivisibility, and interrelatedness of rights, the doctrine of the supreme public right over the individual one, the principle of formation of rights and restrictions under the national specifics. All this allowed, as a result, to make a comparative analysis of the positive and negative experience of state regulation of socio-economic rights and summarize the conclusion that ensuring social and economic rights of some people can create prerequisites for the formation of socio-economic restrictions for others. In such situations, the state must perform a controlling function, which will ensure a balance between the rights of some parties and the limits of others.
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BOŇKOVÁ, KAROLÍNA. "NUMERICAL MODELLING OF TEXTILE STRUCTURES: POTENTIAL AND LIMITS." Fibres and Textiles 30, no. 1 (2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2023-1-005.
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Numerical modelling, namely finite element modelling, is a standardised tool in many branches of engineering. In textile engineering, due to the complexity of the structure, many limitations occur in using this approach. Despite the limitations the finite element modelling of textiles has huge potential for the future. This contribution deals with FE modelling of tensile test in wale and course direction of single jersey knitted fabric. The meso level of the structure was chosen for the model, so it could be possible to track the behaviour of yarn interlacement during the simulated deformation. The virtual model was created according to parameters of single jersey knitted fabric sample, which was produced from polyester monofilament. By using monofilament instead of staple yarn, contacts between fibres in yarn could be excluded in FE model preparation. Two different computational programs were used for simulations – MSC Marc Metant for implicit computing approach and ANSYS LS-DYNA for explicit computing approach. The results from implicit and explicit solver were compared and discussed. Validation of models was done and results were included in the discussion. Due to big deformations of textiles, explicit solver appears to be more suitable for finite element modelling in textile engineering.
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Woodcock, Jamie. "The Limits of Algorithmic Management." South Atlantic Quarterly 120, no. 4 (2021): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9443266.
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Much of the existing research on platform work has focused on the role of data and algorithmic management. These new techniques of management need to be critically understood, but there is a risk of overemphasizing the importance and power of these techniques. The obscuring processes of data collection and analysis make it hard to comprehend how data is being used in practice. Less is known about the ways in which workers are resisting these methods, as well as developing new forms of organization that can effectively build on this. This article reflects on the practices of algorithmic management in platform work, considering the limitations of this approach. It considers the ways in which data is, and can be, used in platform work, drawing attention to the limits. While algorithmic management and the collection of data serve a role for capital in platform work—and are increasingly finding broader applications—the article argues that is crucial that research does not lose sight of the role and agency of workers against capital.
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Maspuroh, Ali Malkan Amin, Ajeng Purnama Dewi, et al. "The Nature of Science and Its Role in the Formation of the Modern Knowledge Paradigm." INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research 1, no. 6 (2024): 480–87. https://doi.org/10.61166/interdisiplin.v1i6.85.
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Science is a conscious effort to research, search, and improve human understanding of various aspects of reality in the human field. These aspects are limited by accurate formulas of words. Science provides confidence, limiting the level of opinion and confidence in science derived from its restrictions. Specific scientific fields. Considered from the point of view of philosophy, science is formed because people try to think that they have knowledge. Science is a product of Istemology. Science is a conscious effort to explore and discover various aspects of the reality of the human world and to improve human understanding. These aspects are limited by accurate formulas of words. Science gives confidence, limits its views, and gains confidence in science from its limitations.