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Journal articles on the topic 'Line design and balancing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Nourmohammadi, Amir, and Hamidreza Eskandari. "Assembly line design considering line balancing and part feeding." Assembly Automation 37, no. 1 (2017): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2016-122.

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Purpose This paper aims to optimize the configuration of assembly lines (ALs) considering the two long-term decision problems within the line balancing and part feeding (PF) contexts, when the supermarket concept is applied in PF. Design/methodology/approach To this purpose, a bi-level mathematical model is proposed to deal with the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) and supermarket location problem (SLP) during the strategic decision-making phase of ALs’ configuration. The proposed model is applied on the known test problems taken from the ALBP literature to verify its performance. Findings The computational results verify that when the proposed structure is applied, the resulting AL configurations are optimized from both ALBP and SLP considerations in terms of the number of stations and line efficiency as well as supermarket transportation and installation costs. Originality/value No study has yet dealt with the long-term decision problem of configuring ALs considering both ALBP and SLP. Also, this study validates the effect of the ALBP on the SLP solutions as two long-term interrelated decision problems.

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2

Fathi, Masood, Dalila Benedita Machado Martins Fontes, Matias Urenda Moris, and Morteza Ghobakhloo. "Assembly line balancing problem." Journal of Modelling in Management 13, no. 2 (2018): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-03-2017-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to first investigate the efficiency of the most commonly used performance measures for minimizing the number of workstations (NWs) in approaches addressing simple assembly line balancing problem (SALBP) for both straight and U-shaped line, and second to provide a comparative evaluation of 20 constructive heuristics to find solutions to the SALBP-1. Design/methodology/approach A total of 200 problems are solved by 20 different constructive heuristics for both straight and U-shaped assembly line. Moreover, several comparisons have been made to evaluate the performance of constructive heuristics. Findings Minimizing the smoothness index is not necessarily equivalent to minimizing the NWs; therefore, it should not be used as the fitness function in approaches addressing the SALBP-1. Line efficiency and the idle time are indeed reliable performance measures for minimizing the NWs. The most promising heuristics for straight and U-shaped line configurations for SALBP-1 are also ranked and introduced. Practical implications Results are expected to help scholars and industrial practitioners to better design effective solution methods for having the most balanced assembly line. This study will further help with choosing the most proper heuristic with regard to the problem specifications and line configuration. Originality/value There is limited research assessing the efficiency of the common objectives for SALBP-1. This study is among the first to prove that minimizing the workload smoothness is not equivalent to minimizing the NWs in SALBP-1 studies. This work is also one of the first attempts for evaluating the constructive heuristics for both straight and U-shaped line configurations.

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Carcano, O. E., and A. Portioli-Staudacher. "Integrating inspection-policy design in assembly-line balancing." International Journal of Production Research 44, no. 18-19 (2006): 4081–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540600786681.

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4

Hirotani, Daisuke, Myreshka, Katsumi Morikawa, and Katsuhiko Takahashi. "Analysis and design of self-balancing production line." Computers & Industrial Engineering 50, no. 4 (2006): 488–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2005.06.008.

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5

Michalek, Jeremy J., Oben Ceryan, Panos Y. Papalambros, and Yoram Koren. "Balancing Marketing and Manufacturing Objectives in Product Line Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 6 (2005): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2336252.

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The product development process involves communication and compromise among interacting and often competing objectives from marketing, design, and manufacturing perspectives. Methods for negotiating these perspectives play an important role in the process. For example, design for manufacturing (DFM) analyses aim to incorporate manufacturing requirements into product design decision making to reduce product complexity and cost, which generally increases profitability. However, when design characteristics have market consequences, it is important to quantify explicitly the tradeoffs between the reduced cost and reduced revenue resulting from designs that are less expensive to manufacture but also less desirable in the marketplace. In this article we leverage existing models for coordinating marketing and design perspectives by incorporating quantitative models of manufacturing investment and production allocation. The resulting methodology allows a quantitative assessment of tradeoffs among product functionality, market performance, and manufacturing costs to achieve product line solutions with optimal profitability.

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Bansal, Nikhil, and Joel H. Spencer. "On‐line balancing of random inputs." Random Structures & Algorithms 57, no. 4 (2020): 879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rsa.20955.

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7

Yegul, Mustafa Fatih, Kursad Agpak, and Mustafa Yavuz. "A NEW ALGORITHM FOR U-SHAPED TWO-SIDED ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 34, no. 2 (2010): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2010-0014.

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This study introduces a new hybrid design for a specific case of assembly lines, and proposes a multi-pass random assignment algorithm to find the minimum number of stations required. The algorithm also finds the sequence and the schedule of the tasks assigned. The new design is a combination of two-sided lines and U-shaped lines, which benefits from the advantages of both designs at the same time. One side of the line is arranged in U-shape allowing stations with crossovers, and the other side of the line is balanced like a traditional straight flow. Depending on product direction, either Left or Right side of the line can be designed in U-shape. Small and large-sized two-sided assembly line test-bed problems were solved using the algorithm. Optimal results are achieved for all small-sized problems. Due to the novelty of the design, results of largesized problems are compared to findings of studies on simple two-sided balancing. Algorithm produced better results in most of the cases.

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Chen, S. L., R. J. Jiao, and M. M. Tseng. "Evolutionary product line design balancing customer needs and product commonality." CIRP Annals 58, no. 1 (2009): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2009.03.014.

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9

Xiao, Ji Jun, Shu Ou, Qing Hua Zhou, and Hao Dong. "Study on Multi-Specification Small-Batch Line Balancing and Optimization Base on the Streamline Balancing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1952.

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Based on the principal concepts of streamline balance, this paper analyses the issue of the line balancing, through analyzing traditional assembly line balance method and having the bottleneck work processes to amend the parameters of the Workplace design, and then building up a multi-variety small-batch production line balancing mixed-model.

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10

Kays, H. M. E., A. N. Mustafizul Karim, M. N. B. Tajudin, and M. Abdesselam. "Design of a Heuristic for Balancing a Multi-Stage Production Flow Line." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.610.

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A production flow line balancing problem for automotive industry has been studied. A batch of an end item is produced by transforming sheet metals into parts at different manufacturing stages followed by assembly operations. The forming operations of the sheet metals into various parts and their assembly works are illustrated through 22 different tasks. Some of the tasks have the processing times greater than the takt time and are categorized as extra-long tasks. Attempts were made to solve this intricate line balancing problem by adopting the Ranked Positional Weight (RPW) method. But the solution given by the RPW model loses its exactitude due to the presence of the extra-long tasks. In this research a heuristic approach based on RPW is developed through which the problem has been resolved in an efficient and effective manner and hence the proposed heuristic is deemed to be capable of balancing production lines having such extra-long tasks.

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Zhang, Si Qi, Xiao Chang Zhang, Wan Juan Wang, Ya Lai Xu, Jia Jia Deng, and Shu Xing Xie. "Assembly Line Balancing in Automobile Engine Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1056 (October 2014): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1056.154.

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In this paper, under various constraints, based on LR series engine of automobile mixed model assembly line as an example, application of MMALB theory design automobile engine assembly line. To solve the multi-objective optimization problem, we establish the mathematical model between the workstation and workstation internal load balancing two optimization objectives. And engine assembly line is dynamic simulated by using the simulation software eM-Plant. The results verify the validity and practicability of the digital simulation. Finally, the planning scheme guarantees the whole assembly line load balancing and achieves production requirements.

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Renna, Paolo, and Michele Ambrico. "Special Issue “Design and Optimization of Production Lines”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (2020): 8302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228302.

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13

Tang,, Li, Derek M. Yip-Hoi,, Wencai Wang,, and Yoram Koren,. "Concurrent Line-Balancing, Equipment Selection and Throughput Analysis for Multi-Part Optimal Line Design." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 6, no. 1-2 (2004): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmsp.2004.6.1-2.71.

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14

Hu, Xiaomei, Yangyang Zhang, Ning Zeng, and Dong Wang. "A Novel Assembly Line Balancing Method Based on PSO Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/743695.

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Assembly line is widely used in manufacturing system. Assembly line balancing problem is a crucial question during design and management of assembly lines since it directly affects the productivity of the whole manufacturing system. The model of assembly line balancing problem is put forward and a general optimization method is proposed. The key data on assembly line balancing problem is confirmed, and the precedence relations diagram is described. A double objective optimization model based on takt time and smoothness index is built, and balance optimization scheme based on PSO algorithm is proposed. Through the simulation experiments of examples, the feasibility and validity of the assembly line balancing method based on PSO algorithm is proved.

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Kamal Uddin, Mohammad, Marian Cavia Soto, and Jose L. Martinez Lastra. "An integrated approach to mixed‐model assembly line balancing and sequencing." Assembly Automation 30, no. 2 (2010): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445151011029808.

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PurposeDesign, balancing, and sequencing are the key issues associated with assembly lines (ALs). The purpose of this paper is to identify AL design issues and to develop an integrated methodology for mixed‐model assembly line balancing (MMALB) and sequencing. Primarily, mixed‐model lines are utilized for high‐variety, low‐volume job shop or batch production. Variation of a generic product is important for the manufacturers as the demand is mostly customer driven in the present global market.Design/methodology/approachDifferent AL design norms, performance indexes, and AL workstation indexes have been identified in the initial stage of this work. As the paper progresses, it has focused towards an integrated approach for MMALB and sequencing addressed for small‐ and medium‐scale assembly plants. A small‐scale practical problem has been justified with this integrated methodology implemented by MATLAB.FindingsALs execution in the production floor require many important factors to be considered. Different line orientations, production approaches, line characteristics, performance and workstation indexes, problem definitions, balancing and product sequencing in accordance with the objective functions are needed to be taken into account by the line designer.Originality/valueThis paper has highlighted the important AL design characteristics and also provided an integrated approach for balancing mixed‐model assembly lines (MMALs) combined with sequencing heuristic. The findings of this paper can be helpful for the designers while designing an AL. The integrated approach for balancing and sequencing of MMALs can be used as a functional tool for assembly‐based contemporary industries.

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Triki, Hager, Wafik Hachicha, Ahmed Mellouli, and Faouzi Masmoudi. "An Assembly Line Balancing Problem Automotive Cables." Management and Production Engineering Review 6, no. 1 (2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2015-0008.

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Abstract In this paper, an Assembly Line Balancing Problem (ALBP) is presented in a real-world automotive cables manufacturer company. This company found it necessary to balance its line, since it needs to increase the production rate. In this ALBP, the number of stations is known and the objective is to minimize cycle time where both precedence and zoning constrains must be satisfied. This problem is formulated as a binary linear program (BLP). Since this problem is NP-hard, an innovative Genetic Algorithm (GA) is implemented. The full factorial design is used to obtain the better combination GA parameters and a simple convergence experimental study is performed on the stopping criteria to reduce computational time. Comparison of the proposed GA results with CPLEX software shows that, in a reasonable time, the GA generates consistent solutions that are very close to their optimal ones. Therefore, the proposed GA approach is very effective and competitive.

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Oesterle, Jonathan, and Lionel Amodeo. "Comparison of Multiobjective Algorithms for the Assembly Line Balancing Design Problem." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 12 (2016): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.623.

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Li, Yuchen, and David Coit. "Priority rules-based algorithmic design on two-sided assembly line balancing." Production Engineering 12, no. 1 (2017): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-017-0786-8.

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Bentaha, Mohand Lounes, Alexandre Dolgui, and Olga Battaïa. "A bibliographic review of production line design and balancing under uncertainty." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 3 (2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.060.

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20

Fattah, Abbas, and Sunil K. Agrawal. "On the Design of a Passive Orthosis to Gravity Balance Human Legs." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 4 (2004): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1899175.

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This paper presents the design of a passive two leg orthosis to gravity balance human legs for use by subjects with both leg impairment. This design combines the use of auxiliary parallelograms to locate the center of mass along with springs to achieve balancing of each leg. The gravity balancing for all motions of the leg and pelvis is achieved by assuming the center of mass of the pelvis to be located on the line joining the two hip joints. A method for deriving the effectiveness of the gravity balancing due to practical limitations is also outlined. We illustrate the gravity balancing feature of the orthosis and examine the assumptions through computer simulations.

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21

Yilmaz, Ö. F., Ö. F. Demirel, S. Zaim, and S. Sevim. "Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry." International Journal of Production Management and Engineering 8, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2020.11953.

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<p>The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improvements, the production volume is increased by 23%.</p>

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Patel, Jitendra. "Design and Line Balancing of Emerald Assembly Line According to Expected Demand in Switchgear Manufacturing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 4 (2018): 3999–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4660.

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Eswaramoorthi, M., G. R. Kathiresan, T. J. Jayasudhan, P. S. S. Prasad, and P. V. Mohanram. "Flow index based line balancing: a tool to improve the leanness of assembly line design." International Journal of Production Research 50, no. 12 (2011): 3345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.575895.

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24

Kalayci, Can B., Olcay Polat, and Surendra M. Gupta. "A variable neighbourhood search algorithm for disassembly lines." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, no. 2 (2015): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-11-2013-0168.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to efficiently solve disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) and the sequence-dependent disassembly line balancing problem (SDDLBP) which are both known to be NP-complete. Design/methodology/approach – This manuscript utilizes a well-proven metaheuristics solution methodology, namely, variable neighborhood search (VNS), to address the problem. Findings – DLBPs are analyzed using the numerical instances from the literature to show the efficiency of the proposed approach. The proposed algorithm showed superior performance compared to other techniques provided in the literature in terms of robustness to reach better solutions. Practical implications – Since disassembly is the most critical step in end-of-life product treatment, every step toward improving disassembly line balancing brings us closer to cost savings and compelling practicality. Originality/value – This paper is the first adaptation of VNS algorithm for solving DLBP and SDDLBP.

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Türkmen, Aysun, Yalcin Yesil, and Mahmut Kayar. "Heuristic production line balancing problem solution with MATLAB software programming." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 6 (2016): 750–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the most efficient assembly line balancing solution across many heuristic line balancing methods, in assistance with a developed computer program. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, assembly line balancing problem was analyzed using t-shirt and knitted pants data. A computer program using MATLAB software for the solution of assembly line balancing problems has been developed. In this study, following heuristic assembly line balancing methods were applied: Hoffman method; position weight method; COMSOAL method; and Kilbridge and Wester method. A MATLAB program has been developed by taking into account of theoretical solution of all these methods. Later the program is developed further by analyzing solutions made manually and is made to verify the developed program. Findings Pre-studies which were conducted in order to decide which programming language would be the best choice for line balancing methods’ application came out with the result that MATLAB, from between C, C++, C# and Java, would be the best software choice. The main reason for this choice is that MATLAB is a powerful matrix operation software with a powerful user interface designing tool and has the tools to make development program to be used universally in every computer. Originality/value When the researches were investigated, it is clearly seen that, this study is the first research on using computer program for solving assembly line balancing problem.

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Serin, Faruk, Süleyman Mete, and Erkan Çelik. "An efficient algorithm for U-type assembly line re-balancing problem with stochastic task times." Assembly Automation 39, no. 4 (2019): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-07-2018-106.

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Purpose Changing the product characteristics and demand quantity resulting from the variability of the modern market leads to re-assigned tasks and changing the cycle time on the production line. Therefore, companies need re-balancing of their assembly line instead of balancing. The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient algorithm approach for U-type assembly line re-balancing problem using stochastic task times. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a genetic algorithm is proposed to solve approach for U-type assembly line re-balancing problem using stochastic task times. Findings The performance of the genetic algorithm is tested on a wide variety of data sets from literature. The task times are assumed normal distribution. The objective is to minimize total re-balancing cost, which consists of workstation cost, operating cost and task transposition cost. The test results show that proposed genetic algorithm approach for U-type assembly line re-balancing problem performs well in terms of minimizing total re-balancing cost. Practical implications Demand variation is considered for stochastic U-type re balancing problem. Demand change also affects cycle time of the line. Hence, the stochastic U-type re-balancing problem under four different cycle times are analyzed to present practical case. Originality/value As per the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that genetic algorithm is applied to stochastic U-type re balancing problem. The large size data set is generated to analyze performance of genetic algorithm. The results of proposed algorithm are compared with ant colony optimization algorithm.

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Chu, Chao-Hsien, Hsu-Pin (Ben) Wang, and Ying-Chan Chu. "On the design of an intelligent micro-based DSS for line balancing." Computers & Industrial Engineering 14, no. 4 (1988): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(88)90044-7.

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Koç, Çağrı. "An evolutionary algorithm for supply chain network design with assembly line balancing." Neural Computing and Applications 28, no. 11 (2016): 3183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2238-3.

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Otto, Alena, and Christian Otto. "How to design effective priority rules: Example of simple assembly line balancing." Computers & Industrial Engineering 69 (March 2014): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2013.12.013.

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Udupa T S, Rakshak, Shashank K Holla, and Kariyappa B S. "Design and Performance Analysis of Active and Passive Cell Balancing for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (2021): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05246.

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Electric Vehicles (EV) are growing areas of research since the demand for clean transportation is ever-increasing. Batteries form an integral part of EVs. Battery Management systems (BMS) need to support many features, including charge balancing to improve battery life and longevity. Among passive cell balancing and active cell balancing, the latter provides better battery life and efficiency. Among different active and passive cell balancing techniques, popular techniques like Flyback transformer-based active cell balancing and switched capacitor-based active cell balancing are used. These methods are not only easy to implement but also provide good performance. These balancing circuits are integrated with non-ideal RC models of a lithium-ion battery. The bleed resistor-based passive cell balancing took more than 16000 seconds to reach a 0.01V difference for capacitors with 5F capacitance, whereas the switched capacitor design is estimated to take 500 seconds. The multi-winding flyback active cell balancing system reached a 2% difference in SOC in 1800 seconds. There was a visible increase in time taken for balancing the cells using multi-winding active cell balancing as the cell temperature increased. A 2.32% increase in the time taken for balancing the cells was observed when cell temperature increased from 293K to 313K.

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Chen, James C., Chien Wei Wu, Tran Dinh Duy Thao, Ling Huey Su, Wen Haiung Hsieh, and Tiffany Chen. "Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Solving Assembly Line Balancing Problem in Footwear Industry." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.623.

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This research develops a heuristic algorithm for assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) of stitching lines in footwear industry. The proposed algorithm can help to design the stitching line with workstations, machines and operators for the production of every new product model. Rank-positional-weighted heuristics and hybrid genetic algorithms are proposed to solve ALBP. First, the heuristics assign tasks and machines to workstations. This solution is then used as an initiative population for hybrid genetic algorithm for further improvement. Real data from footwear manufacturers and experimental designs are used to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, comparing with one existing bidirectional heuristic. Results indicate that when the size and shape of shoes increase, the proposed genetic algorithm achieves better solution quality than existing heuristics.Production managers can use the research results to quickly design stitching lines for short production cycle time and high labor utilization.

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Yilmaz, Hamid, and Mustafa Yilmaz. "Multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with balanced load density." Assembly Automation 35, no. 1 (2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-05-2014-041.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is balancing multi-manned assembly lines with load-balancing constraints in addition to conventional ones Most research works about the multi-manned assembly line balancing problems are focused on the conventional industrial measures that minimize total number of workers, number of multi-manned workstations or both. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a remedial constraint for the model to balance task load density for each worker in workstations. Findings – Comparisons between the proposed mathematical model and the existing multi-manned mathematical model show a quite promising better task load density performance for the proposed approach. Originality/value – In this paper, a mathematical model that combines the minimization of multi-manned stations, worker numbers and difference of task load density of workers is proposed for the first time.

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Lai, Rongshen, Liang Hou, and Yongming Wu. "Evolution Balancing of the Small-Sized Wheel Loader Assembly Line." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/213159.

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Assembly line balancing not only directly determines production efficiency but also influences precision and quality of key assemblies or even the overall performance of final products. Driven by market demand and development of science and technology, product family must evolve constantly, which necessitates frequent adjustment and rebalancing of product family assembly line (PFAL). In order to maintain production efficiency, improve assembly quality and precision, and reduce costs for adjustment, the evolution balancing problem of PFAL for small-sized wheel loader is solved in this paper. Firstly, the evolution balancing model of PFAL is put forward. Then, with minimizing the number of workstations, the in-station and between-station load indexes and adjustment costs, and maximizing relevancy between activities as optimization objectives, meanwhile regarding product platform planning, modularity design and the critical chain technology in concurrent engineering as constraint conditions, the evolution balancing problem of PFAL is optimized using improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Finally, the whole analysis procedure is demonstrated by the small-sized wheel loader PFAL case study and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

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Panich, Surachai. "Development of Two-Wheeled Balancing Scooter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.16.

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In this paper, the design and construction of two-wheeled balancing scooter based on principle of the inverted pendulum that it must keep an angle of zero degree due to vertical line in time. The mechanical structure, electronic circuit and algorithm are developed to control motors and gyroscope sensor is used as detector of angle error due to vertical line. The mathematical model to describe the dynamic behavior of balancing system is analyzed, which stabilizes the handle angle of scooter in stable position. A basic implementation of the PID controller is conducted to compensate nonlinear behavior.

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Shih-Chang Hsia, Ming-Huei Chen, and Yu-Min Chen. "A cost-effective line-based light-balancing technique using adaptive processing." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 15, no. 9 (2006): 2719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2006.877354.

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Adham, Ali A. J., Hamzah Bin Zainuddin, Fadilah Binti Siali, and Noor Azlinna Binti Azizan. "Assembly Line Balancing in Manufacturing Processes: Using Simulation Model." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.1183.

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Assembly line design is an important part of the production system in manufacturing processes. An assembly line, which consists of a sequence of workstations, is an efficient method of manufacturing high-volume products such as automobile parts and microcomputers. In designing an assembly line, it is common practice to "balance" the line so that a more uniform flow is maintained. The Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) scheduler evaluates the effect of the different online sequence of parts on production cycle, balances workload and utilization ratio, minimizes span of the assembly line. The simulation model approach in this study to obtain the scenarios which are reducing the unbalancing time. The simulator presented herein, named Assembly Line Simulator (ALS), can be used as supporting tool in finding solutions of the assembly line balancing problem. Throughout the scenarios of the optimum method will be chosen which scenario is represented minimum idle time it will be the optimum balance of the assembly line.

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Nourmohammadi, Amir, Hamidreza Eskandari, and Masood Fathi. "Design of stochastic assembly lines considering line balancing and part feeding with supermarkets." Engineering Optimization 51, no. 1 (2018): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2018.1439944.

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Qattawi, Ala, and Sreenath Chalil Madathil. "Assembly line design using a hybrid approach of lean manufacturing and balancing models." Production & Manufacturing Research 7, no. 1 (2019): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2019.1604274.

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Sun, Bin-qi, and Ling Wang. "A decomposition-based matheuristic for supply chain network design with assembly line balancing." Computers & Industrial Engineering 131 (May 2019): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.009.

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Sivasankaran, P., and P. Shahabudeen. "Study and Analysis of GA-Based Heuristic Applied to Assembly Line Balancing Problem." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 13, no. 02 (2014): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686714500085.

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Balancing assembly line in a mass production system plays a vital role to improve the productivity of a manufacturing system. In this paper, a single model assembly line balancing problem (SMALBP) is considered. The objective of this problem is to group the tasks in the assembly network into a minimum number of workstations for a given cycle time such that the balancing efficiency is maximized. This problem comes under combinatorial category. So, it is essential to develop efficient heuristic to find the near optimal solution of the problem in less time. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design four different genetic algorithm (GA)-based heuristics, and analyze them to select the best amongst them. The analysis has been carried out using a complete factorial experiment with three factors, viz. problem size, cycle time, and algorithm, and the results are reported.

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Jitchaiyaphum, Peeyapach, and Suksan Prombanpong. "A Productivity Improvement of a Packing Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1240.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a productivity improvement through waste reduction and line balancing. One of the obstacles of a manual assembly line nowadays is an awkward line design with over manpower, a lot of wastes, and low balance efficiency. As a result, the production line may not satisfy customer demand and ends up with low production line efficiency. This is due to the fact that this type of production line is operated by human and the customer demand or requirements are frequently fluctuated. Human workers are prone to make mistakes, inefficient, and unorganized. Thus, the major causes of production line down time are discussed with suggestion of remedy actions to improve the productivity. In addition, calculation of line balancing is demonstrated. One of the actual manual assembly lines will be used as a case study. It is found that after improvement line balance efficiency is increased from 46.49 to 86.66 percent with the productivity improvement of 159 percent.

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Filip, Florin Gheorghe. ""The Disassembly Line: Balancing and Modeling" - Book Review." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 6, no. 3 (2011): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2011.3.2137.

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<p>This book is about the disassembly of end-of-life products with particular emphasis on methods and techniques for solving the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem.</p><p>Disassembly is viewed as "the systematic separation and extracting valuable entities for possible future re-usage". In fact, disassembly is a distinct phase of the product lifecycle. It follows the "before life" phases (such as design and economical evaluation), "useful period" phases (such as manufacturing, distribution, usage and maintenance) and "end of life" phases (such as collecting, sorting). Disassembly might represent the essential first phase of the future activities, such as re-use and re-manufacturing and recycle. Due to the ever higher public awareness, the more and more strict regulations concerning environment quality preservation and increasing economic effectiveness and attractiveness for industry, the activities of recovering valuable parts and subassemblies have become a desirable alternative to the old fashioned disposal processes of end-of-life products.</p><p>The authors state, in the preface of the book, that the "disassembly line seems to be the most efficient way to disassemble a product". Consequently, the primary concern of the book is "the complete disassembly of [end-of-life] products on a paced disassembly line for component/material recovery purposes". The authors aim at investigating "the qualitative and quantitative aspects of multi-criteria solution sequences using the various combinatorial optimization techniques" (page 16) to solve the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem (DLPB). The DLBP consists in finding a disassembly feasible solution sequence which preserves precedence constraints and aims at attaining several objectives, such as minimizing the number of work stations and total idle time, ensuring similar idle time at each work station, while attempting to remove hazardous parts and materials and extracting highly demanded product components at the earliest moments possible and minimizing the number of direction changes required for disassembly (removing parts with similar part removal directions together), (page 102).</p><p>The book is composed of 29 chapters grouped into three parts entitled "Disassembly Background", "Disassembly-Line Balancing" and "Further Disassembly-Line Considerations" which address general aspects concerning disassembly processes, variations of methods and techniques to solve the DLBP, and other problems related to the disassembly line, respectively. <br /> <br /> Part I comprises six chapters which are meant to set the stage for the subsequent chapters. Various information concerning disassembly processes, assembly lines, disassembly lines, other related researches, graphical representations and computational complexity of combinatorial problems are provided.<br /> <br /> Part II is made up of 20 chapters and addresses the statement and analysis of the DLBP and several specific variations of methods and techniques which were adapted for solving the problem, tested on four application cases exprimental instances and compared. The objectives of this part of the book are: stating the mathematical model of DLBP, establishing the difficulty of the problem by using the complexity theory and determining the data sets and evaluation criteria to be used in analyzing the problem and solving techniques which are selected (page 99). <br /> <br /> It is demonstrated (in chapter 9) that the DLBP is a complex NP complete problem in the strong sense and necessitates specialized solution techniques. Accordingly, authors plea for combinatorial optimization approaches and select several algorithms to solve the problem. The techniques to be utilized to solve the DLBP are introduced in chapter 10 and their usage and performances in solving the problem are presented in chapters 12 through 19. There are seven techniques which are adapted, tested and compared. The exhaustive search is used to provide the optimal solution. Two metaheuristic approaches (genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization) are next studied. Two purely deterministic searches (the greedy algorithm and the "hunter-killer" search) and two 2-phase hybrid methods are adapted and tested.</p><p>The four experimental instances (the eight-part personal computer, the enhanced 10-part DLBP case, the 25-part cellular instance, and the size independent "a priori" benchmark with a known optimal solution) are described in chapter 11. Chapter 20 contains a detailed comparison of the six heuristic and metaheuristic techniques as applied to the DLBP with respect to several performance measures. Several complementary research results are reviewed in chapter 21 together with future research directions.<br /> <br /> Disassembly processes interact with other "before life", "useful", and "after life" periods of product usage and recovery. As a result, to make the picture complete, Part III addresses other areas of disassembly research such as product planning, line and facility design, operations scheduling and sequencing, inventory, "just-in-time", revenue and unbalanced lines (chapter 22 through 29).<br /> <br /> The authors of the book form a team who may be viewed as a fine and synergic combination of two complementary experiences and backgrounds from academia and industry. Seamus McGovern, an Electronics Engineer at the Volpe National Transportation System Center, holds a commission in the US Navy as an aerospace duty engineer as well as a part-time industrial engineering faculty appointment at the Northeastern University. Surendra M. Gupta is a professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and a director of the Laboratory for Responsible Manufacturing at the Northeastern University. He has authored/co-authored over 400 technical papers and is a pioneer in the domain of the book.<br /> <br /> This book represents a very valuable work in a rather young research domain, which may be viewed as opened by the pioneering paper of Güngör and Gupta entitled "Disassembly Line in product Recovery (International Journal of Production Recovery, 40 (11), 2002). The volume mainly reflects the original studies of authors and their colleagues. It also makes an exhaustive and systematic review of the results which are reported in the domain scientific literature and are due to other scientists. The organization of the document is well thought and the presentation style is rigorous and clear. Subsequently, though information content is very dense and diverse, the book is accessible and its study is scientifically rewarding. Special remarks can be made to the uniform and coherent notation which is used throughout the book and to graphical illustrations. A final remark of appreciation is to be made to the excellent quality of editing and printing of the book due to the staff of McGraw-Hill Companies.<br /> <br /> In conclusion, the book is a timely work which contains relevant, inspiring and challenging information. Therefore, this reviewer warmly recommends it to the readers of academia and industry as well who are interested in modern manufacturing issues and combinatorial optimization methods and software.</p><p> </p>

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Boschetti, Giovanni, Maurizio Faccio, Mattia Milanese, and Riccardo Minto. "C-ALB (Collaborative Assembly Line Balancing): a new approach in cobot solutions." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 116, no. 9-10 (2021): 3027–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07565-7.

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AbstractCollaborative robots can be a proper solution to improve the throughput of manual systems without reducing their flexibility. To effectively use cobots in productive systems, it is fundamental to develop a suitable task allocation model that considers collaboration. Hence, we present a model for collaborative assembly line balancing (C-ALB) which considers paralleling tasks and collaboration in the balancing resolution. Indexes that take into account both the product and process characteristics are defined to evaluate the quality of the proposed task allocation model and comparing it to others. The results confirm the influence of the product characteristics on the system performance, leading to the definition of a new paradigm for product design.

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Pereira, Jordi, and Mariona Vilà. "A new model for supply chain network design with integrated assembly line balancing decisions." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 9 (2015): 2653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1115910.

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Ma, X. "Finding the best possible solutions to simple assembly line balancing problems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 211, no. 1 (1997): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405971516077.

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Assembly line balancing (ALB) is an important aspect in the design of many flow line type manufacturing systems which may or may not be assembly oriented. It involves essentially assigning individual tasks into stations such that certain constraints are satisfied and some specified objectives achieved. Although this problem has attracted a great deal of research effort over the past forty years, it still remains unsolved. This paper presents a computer-based method for the simple assembly line balancing problem (SALBP). For a given problem, the method makes use of some efficient and systematic search and identification techniques to establish task trees for individual stations and to develop a station tree for multiple solutions. Different from all known existing assembly line balancing methods, this method aims at finding the best possible solutions that lead to the maximum production rate and the minimum station workload variation. The essential and distinct concepts adopted by the method are described in this paper, along with its step-by-step execution procedure and an illustrative example. Since the method does not involve difficult mathematics, many industrial practitioners can easily understand it and appreciate its effectiveness.

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Kim, P. K., and S. Jung. "Experimental Studies of Neural Network Control for One-Wheel Mobile Robot." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/194397.

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This paper presents development and control of a disc-typed one-wheel mobile robot, called GYROBO. Several models of the one-wheel mobile robot are designed, developed, and controlled. The current version of GYROBO is successfully balanced and controlled to follow the straight line. GYROBO has three actuators to balance and move. Two actuators are used for balancing control by virtue of gyro effect and one actuator for driving movements. Since the space is limited and weight balance is an important factor for the successful balancing control, careful mechanical design is considered. To compensate for uncertainties in robot dynamics, a neural network is added to the nonmodel-based PD-controlled system. The reference compensation technique (RCT) is used for the neural network controller to help GYROBO to improve balancing and tracking performances. Experimental studies of a self-balancing task and a line tracking task are conducted to demonstrate the control performances of GYROBO.

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Arham, Arham, Asngadi Asngadi, and Syamsuddin Syamsuddin. "ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS DAN EFESIENSI TATA LETAK PABRIK TAHU SUPER AFIFAH DI KELURAHAN NUNU KECAMATAN TATANGA PALU BARAT." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Universitas Tadulako (JIMUT) 4, no. 3 (2020): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/jimut.v4i3.128.

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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of layout inTahu Super Afifah Factory in Nunu Village, Tatanga District, West Palu. The type of research used is quantitative research using line balancing method and travel chart. Result of research by using line balancing method obtained efficiency of tofu production process equal to 90,04% with idle time 9,96%. While the result of travel chart method obtained new design layout of production facility of factory know Super Afifah which more effective equal to 441,74 material flow load from initial layout equal to 627,38 material flow load. By comparison 185.64 material flow load or 29.58%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas dan efesiensi tata letak pada Pabrik Tahu Super Afifah di Kelurahan Nunu Kecamatan Tatanga Palu Barat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode line balancing dan travel chart. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode line balancing diperoleh efesiensi dari proses produksi tahu sebesar 90,04% dengan waktu menganggur 9,96%. Sedangkan hasil dari metode travel chart diperoleh rancangan baru tata letak fasilitas produksi pabrik tahu Super Afifah yang lebh efektif sebesar 441,74 beban aliran bahan dari tata letak mula-mula sebesar 627,38 beban aliran bahan dengan perbandingan 185,64 beban aliran bahan atau 29,58%.

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Cevikcan, Emre. "An optimization methodology for multi model walking-worker assembly systems: an application from busbar energy distribution systems." Assembly Automation 36, no. 4 (2016): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2015-072.

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Purpose Walking-worker assembly lines can be regarded as an effective method to achieve the above-mentioned characteristics. In such systems, workers, following each other, travel workstations in sequence by performing all of the required tasks of their own product. As the eventual stage of assembly line design, efforts should be made for capacity adjustments to meet the demand in terms of allocating tasks to workers via assembly line balancing. In this context, the purpose of this study is to address the balancing problem for multi-model walking-worker assembly systems, with the aim of improving planning capability for such systems by means of developing an optimization methodology. Design/methodology/approach Two linear integer programming models are proposed to balance a multi-model walking-worker assembly line optimally in a sequential manner. The first mathematical programming model attempts to determine number of workers in each segment (i.e. rabbit chase loop) for each model. The second model generates stations in each segment to smooth workflow. What is more, heuristic algorithms are provided due to computational burden of mathematical programming models. Two segment generation heuristic algorithms and a station generation heuristic algorithm are provided for the addressed problem. Findings The application of the mathematical programming approach improved the performance of a tap-off box assembly line in terms of number of workers (9.1 per cent) and non-value-added time ratio (between 27.9 and 26.1 per cent for different models) when compared to a classical assembly system design. In addition, the proposed approach (i.e. segmented walking-worker assembly line) provided a more convenient working environment (28.1 and 40.8 per cent shorter walking distance for different models) in contrast with the overall walking-worker assembly line. Meanwhile, segment generation heuristics yielded reduction in labour requirement for a considerable number (43.7 and 49.1 per cent) of test problems. Finally, gaps between the objective values and the lower bounds have been observed as 8.3 per cent (Segment Generation Heuristic 1) and 6.1 (Segment Generation Heuristic 2). Practical implications The proposed study presents a decision support for walking-worker line balancing with high level of solution quality and computational performance for even large-sized assembly systems. That being the case, it contributes to the management of real-life assembly systems in terms of labour planning and ergonomics. Owing to the fact that the methodology has the potential of reducing labour requirement, it will present the opportunity of utilizing freed-up capacity for new lines in the start-up period or other bottleneck processes. In addition, this study offers a working environment where skill of the workers can be improved within reasonable walking distances. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the author, workload balancing on multi-model walking-worker assembly lines with rabbit chase loop(s) has not yet been handled. Addressing this research gap, this paper presents a methodology including mathematical programming models and heuristic algorithms to solve the multi-model walking-worker assembly line balancing problem for the first time.

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Travassos, X. L., A. C. Lisboa, and D. A. G. Vieira. "Design of Meander-Line Antennas for Radio Frequency Identification Based on Multiobjective Optimization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/795464.

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This paper presents optimization problem formulations to design meander-line antennas for passive UHF radio frequency identification tags based on given specifications of input impedance, frequency range, and geometric constraints. In this application, there is a need for directive transponders to select properly the target tag, which in turn must be ideally isotropic. The design of an effective meander-line antenna for RFID purposes requires balancing geometrical characteristics with the microchip impedance. Therefore, there is an issue of optimization in determining the antenna parameters for best performance. The antenna is analyzed by a method of moments. Some results using a deterministic optimization algorithm are shown.

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Wang, Li Li, Yu Jie Liu, and Tong Tong Xie. "A Simulation and Optimization Study of Assemble Production Line." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.427.

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As to the BSP model assembly line balancing problem, an integration to random distribution about the field data in statistical software of SPSS, is made in the paper with software of eM-Plant, a model and simulate to the production line is built to discover the bottleneck of the production line and the unbalance problem of line fast and accurately. The optimization design and simulation analysis and evaluation can be achieved to optimization goal and shorten the optimization time.

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