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Roux, Karen. "Examining the equivalence of the PIRLS 2016 released texts in South Africa across three languages." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80509.
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The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) is a large-scale reading comprehension assessment, which assesses Grade 4 learners’ reading literacy achievement. The findings from the last cycle of PIRLS 2016 indicated that South African Grade 4 and 5 learners performed poorly in reading comprehension. This finding confirms the previous cycles’ results where South African learners achieved the lowest results across the participating countries. Approximately eight out of ten Grade 4 learners cannot read for meaning in any of the tested languages. Due to the poor results in PIRLS, the President of South Africa stated that every ten-year old child should be able to read for meaning, thus cementing reading literacy as a national aim. The aim of this mixed methods research was to determine whether the PIRLS Literacy 2016 and PIRLS 2016 limited release texts are equivalent across languages, specifically English, Afrikaans and isiZulu.
Four research sub-questions were explored to assist in addressing the main research question posed by this study: To what extent are the PIRLS 2016 released texts in English, Afrikaans and isiZulu, in Grade 4 and Grade 5 equivalent? As this study took the form of a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, the first phase investigated the South African Grade 4 and 5 results by firstly looking at descriptive statistics, such as percentages and means. After the initial exploration of the data, I conducted Rasch analyses to determine whether the items from the limited release texts showed measurement invariance – in other words, whether the items behaved differently for different groups of learners. As part of the Rasch analyses, individual item-fit statistics and differential item functioning (DIF) were conducted using RUMM2030. In phase two, the limited release texts were analysed by experts who attended workshops and completed open-ended questionnaires regarding the equivalence of the identified texts. The qualitative phase was conducted in order to complement and extend on the quantitative findings of phase one.
The findings revealed that the limited release texts, with their accompanying items, were not equivalent across the different languages. However, by looking at the items that displayed DIF, there is not a clear pattern as the items did not universally favour one language nor did the texts discriminate universally against a particular language. An in-depth look at the texts and items themselves revealed that the Flowers on the Roof text is considered the poorest translation into Afrikaans and isiZulu. Overall, all the texts were considered to be appropriate for South African learners as the texts made use of rich vocabulary and introduced the learners to new ideas and concepts. Thus, this study offers new insights into the equivalence of the PIRLS assessments as well as possible reasons for the non-equivalence for each of the limited release texts. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations and further research are provided.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Science, Mathematics and Technology Education<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Correa, Amor Alicia. "Validation of the Spanish SIRS: Beyond Linguistic Equivalence in the Assessment of Malingering among Spanish Speaking Clinical Populations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30448/.
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Malingering is the deliberate production of feigned symptoms by a person seeking external gain such as: financial compensation, exemption from duty, or leniency from the criminal justice system. The Test Translation and Adaptation Guidelines developed by the International Test Commission (ITC) specify that only tests which have been formally translated into another language and validated should be available for use in clinical practice. Thus, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS). Using a simulation design with 80 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American outpatients, the Spanish SIRS was produced reliable results with small standard errors of measurement (SEM). Regarding discriminant validity, very large effect sizes (mean Cohen's d = 2.00) were observed between feigners and honest responders for the SIRS primary scales. Research limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Wiel, Carlsson Tove. "Språkutveckling på lika villkor : -en studie av pedagogers strategier och förväntningar för att möta barns olika kommunikativa resurser i ett språkutvecklande arbete." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32954.
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The purpose of my study is to gain insight how educators stimulate children to develop their languages on equal terms. I view which differences and similarities can be distinguished in the linguistic development of children at two preschools with different socioeconomic conditions. I aim to acquire an understanding how the linguistic development can differ in preschools with specific preconditions; how do the educators work and what strategies do they use in consideration to the children’s preconditions? I wish to highlight the significance of communication and conversation in the context of linguistic development, as children have different preconditions and strategies in their path towards a verbal Swedish. Moreover, it is interesting how the teachers choose to respond to the children in their communicative abilities and how they make the most of the children's communicative initiative in the work with linguistic development. My interest in how linguistic development is expressed by using communication and conversation in different preschools takes its base in a discussion about how the equivalence in preschools is depicted. Therefore I wanted to gain an insight in what kind of differences and similarities one can observe using two case studies, as well as what underlies these differences and similarities. The research questions are: What approaches and strategies do educators consider important when working with linguistic development? How do educators describe their expectations of preschool children's conversation in language development? What are the educators’ views on children's different ways of communicating in linguistic development? The results show that the educators have high ambitions to make the most of the children's communicative abilities hoping that language will develop. The results also show that language mainly develops based on what resources each child possesses and uses in their endeavour to become communicative participants.
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Yasynetska, Olena A. "Conceptual, Linguistic and Translational Aspects of Headline Metaphors used to Refer to the American and Ukrainian Presidential Campaigns of 2004." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1129586319.
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Guedes, Clara Peron da Silva. "Investigação das interferências linguísticas e das modalidades tradutórias na tradução para o português brasileiro do conto "Tenth of december"." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/2855.
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-23<br>Sem bolsa<br>A teoria de Línguas em Contato foi desenvolvida a partir da investigação e da descrição de fenômenos linguísticos resultantes do contato entre idiomas em sujeitos e sociedades bi ou multilíngues. Atualmente, pesquisas relacionadas a tal abordagem abarcam diversos temas, dentre eles, a tradução. No entanto, a relação entre o contato linguístico e a atividade tradutória parece ser pouco investigada no meio acadêmico-científico. Em contrapartida, desde que a Linguística ampliou seu objeto de análise, os estudos tradutórios têm se valido do prisma dos fenômenos linguísticos, para além da investigação literária. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação pretende tecer vínculos entre a área de especialidade da Linguística Aplicada, Línguas em Contato, e o campo multidisciplinar do conhecimento, Estudos da Tradução, ambos pertencentes à grande área de Letras e Linguística. Para tanto, tem por objetivo investigar as interferências linguísticas baseadas nos fenômenos descritos por Weinreich (1970) e as modalidades de tradução propostas por Aubert (1998), contidas na tradução do conto “Tenth of December” (SAUNDERS, 2013) para o português brasileiro, realizada por José Geraldo Couto, com o título “Dez de Dezembro” (SAUNDERS, 2014). A fim de obter a quantificação total dos dados pesquisados, os sintagmas nominais do texto fonte foram selecionados e classificados de acordo com rótulos criados para cada categoria de interferências linguísticas e de modalidades de tradução presentes no texto meta. Subsequentemente, foram salvos em arquivo TXT e anotados no programa Notepad++, em um arquivo de extensão XML, o qual, combinado com a folha de estilos (XSL), permite obter a quantidade total de cada categoria, em números absolutos, em um arquivo HTML. Os resultados encontrados após a investigação do corpus apontam para a prevalência de interferências linguísticas na direção do inglês estadunidense, ou seja, os sintagmas nominais estão mais próximos da língua fonte. Com relação às modalidades de tradução, as opções adotadas indicaram um menor distanciamento do texto traduzido com relação ao texto fonte. No entanto, a pequena diferenciação, em números percentuais, entre as categorias mais próximas da língua fonte e as da língua meta, denota certa aproximação linguística, no corpus analisado, entre o português brasileiro e o inglês estadunidense. Do mesmo modo, a classificação das modalidades mais recorrentes, segundo a escala proposta por Aubert (1998), demonstra certa equivalência entre os textos fonte e meta. A partir das análises quantitativa e qualitativa de cada categoria de interferência linguística e de modalidade de tradução, foi possível tecer paralelismos entre ambas. Essa investigação permitiu relacionar a área de especialidade da Linguística Aplicada, Línguas em Contato, à área multidisciplinar do conhecimento, Estudos da Tradução.<br>The theory of Languages in Contact was developed from the investigation and from the description of linguistic phenomena that result from the contact between languages in bi or multilingual persons and societies. Currently, research related to this approach includes various themes, among them, translation. However, the relation between linguistic contact and translation seems to be scarcely investigated in academic and scientific fields. On the other hand, since Linguistics amplified its analysis object Translation Studies have been investigated the phenomena from the linguistic point of view in addition to the literary one. Thus, this thesis aims at linking Languages in Contact and Translation Studies, both belonging to the greatest area Linguistics and Literature. In order to do that, it aims at investigating the linguistic interferences based on the phenomena described by Weinreich (1970) and the translation modalities proposed by Aubert (1998) in the translation of the short story “Tenth of December” (SAUNDERS, 2013) to Brazilian Portuguese, done by José Geraldo Couto, “Dez de Dezembro” (SAUNDERS, 2014). In order to achieve the total amount of the investigated data noun phrases of the source text were selected and classified according to the tags created to each category of linguistic interferences and of translation modalities present in the target text. Then, the data were saved on TXT file and annotated within Notepad++ software, on a XML file. Combined with the stylesheet (XSL) the annotation of the text allows to achieve the total amount of each category, in absolute numbers, on a HTML file. Results found after the investigation of the corpus show the prevalence of linguistic interferences in North American English direction, that is, the noun phrases are nearer to the source language. Concerning the translation modalities the options selected indicate little distance between the translated text and the source text. However, the small differentiation in percentage between the categories nearer to the source language and the ones nearer to the target language demonstrates some linguistic proximity, in the analyzed corpus, between Brazilian Portuguese and North American English. Equally, classification of the translation modalities more present in the corpus, according to the scale proposed by Aubert (1998), shows some equivalence between the source text and the target text. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of each category of linguistic interference and of translation modality, it was possible to trace parallelisms between both of them. This investigation allows to relate Languages in Contact and Translation Studies.
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Пушкар, Д. О. "Мовні та позамовні аспекти перекладу". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81828.
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Мета: розглянути теоретичні та практичні аспекти перекладу мовних та позамовних особливостей англомовного художнього тексту.
Теоретичне значення: визначення підходів до розуміння сутності перекладу у сучасному контексті, а також лінгвістичного та нелінгвістичного аспектів перекладу в науковій рецепції, а також у визначенні функціональної еквівалентності як ключової категорії відповідностей тексту-оригіналу і тексту-перекладу з опорою на комунікативно-функціональний підхід до перекладу.
На сучасному етапі розвитку науки про переклад текст вважається найважливішою одиницею комунікації. Текст як комунікативну одиницю може охарактеризувати наявність комунікативного завдання. Внаслідок цього, являючись підсумком цілеспрямованої діяльності, текст незмінно висловлює прагматичну установку його автора.
Це означає, що при перекладі важливим є не тільки мовний, але й позамовний аспект вихідного тексту, який передбачає наявність комунікативної ситуації, прагматичної установки, лінгвокультурних аспектів. Інформація у художньому тексті виражена образами і не завжди експліцитно: її трактування багато в чому залежить від екстралінгвістичних знань реципієнта і, якщо мова йде про перекладений текст, то також від умінь перекладача<br>Цель: рассмотреть теоретические и практические аспекты перевода языковых и внеязыковых особенностей англоязычного художественного текста.
Теоретическое значение: определение подходов к пониманию сущности перевода в современном контексте, а также лингвистического и нелингвистического аспектов перевода в научной рецепции, а также в определении функциональной эквивалентности как ключевой категории соответствий текста оригинала и текста-перевода с опорой на коммуникативно-функциональный подход к переводу.
На современном этапе развития науки о переводе текст считается важнейшим единицей коммуникации. Текст как коммуникативную единицу может охарактеризовать наличие коммуникативной задачи. В результате, являясь итогом целенаправленной деятельности, текст неизменно выражает прагматическую установку его автора.
Это означает, что при переводе важен не только языковой, но и внеязыковой аспект исходного текста, который предусматривает наличие коммуникативной ситуации, прагматической установки, лингвокультурных аспектов. Информация в художественном тексте выражена образами и не всегда эксплицитно: ее трактовка во многом зависит от экстралингвистических знаний реципиента и, если речь идет о переведенном тексте, то также от умений переводчика.<br>Goal: to consider the theoretical and practical aspects of the translation of linguistic and extra-linguistic features of an English-language literary text.
Theoretical meaning: defining approaches for understanding the essence of translation in a modern context as linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of translation in scientific reception, as well as adefining functional equivalence as a key category of correspondence between the original text and the translation text, based on a communicative-functional approach to translation.
At the present stage of development of the science of translation, the text is considered the most important unit of communication. The text as a communicative unit can characterize the presence of a communicative task. As a result, being the outcome of purposeful activity, the text invariably expresses the pragmatic attitude of its author.
It means that not only the linguistic, but also the extra-linguistic aspect of the source text is important in translation, which provides for the presence of a communicative situation, a pragmatic attitude, and linguocultural aspects. Information in a literary text is expressed in images and not always explicitly: its interpretation largely depends on the recipient's extralinguistic knowledge and, if we are talking about the translated text, then also on the translator's skills.
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Haupt, Genevieve Ruth. "The evaluation of the group differences and item bias of the English version of a standardised test of academic language proficiency for use across English and Xhosa first-language speakers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9489_1297764429.
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<p>South Africa&rsquo<br>s Language-in-Education Policy is one of additive multilingualism, but in reality this policy is not adhered to, in that most black children are being educated through the medium of English from Grade 4. This type of instruction affects the development of academic language proficiency in their primary language, as these children are not engaging in cognitively demanding tasks in their primary or first language. The Woodcock Muñ<br>oz Language Survey (WMLS) is a test to assess academic language proficiency in Additive Bilingual Education, and is extensively used in the United States of America (USA) for this purpose. It is important to note that the proposed study is a sub-study of a larger study, in which the original WMLS (American-English version) was adapted into English and Xhosa, to be used in South Africa to assess additive bilingual programmes. For this sub-study, the researcher was interested in examining the overall equivalence of the adapted English version of the WMLS. Owing to insufficient tests evaluating academic language proficiency in the South African context, the significance, as well as the overall aim, of the study is to ensure that the issues of group difference and item bias have been assessed to ensure that the adapted English version of the WMLS is suitable to be used across English first-language and Xhosa first-language speakers. Because this is a sub-study, the researcher (of the sub-study) has conducted an exploratory quantitative study with the use of Secondary Data. The researcher has used the framework of equivalence as a theoretical framework in order to examine the research question. Given the use of existing data, the procedures of the collection of the data by the researcher of the larger study have been outlined in the Methodology section of the present study. The sample consisted of 198 English and 197 Xhosa first-language speakers...</p>
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Peuster, Andrea M. (Andrea Michelle). "The Effects of a Point Loss Contingency on Equivalence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277593/.
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The effects of point loss for symmetrical probe performances on other performances of an observed equivalence class, on the emergence of equivalence performances, and on performances in other contexts were examined. After training six conditional discriminations in three contexts, probes (symmetry, transitivity, symmetrical transitivity) were introduced in contexts 1 and 2. In context 3, only trained conditional discrimination trials were delivered. After demonstrations of equivalence in contexts 1 and 2, point loss was placed on symmetrical performances in one of these contexts; probe trials and point loss for symmetrical performances were simultaneously introduced in context 3. Point loss for symmetrical performances may disrupt other probe performances of an observed equivalence class in that same context; does not necessarily disrupt the emergence of equivalence performances; and may disrupt probe performances in other contexts.
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Pinedo, Alicia. "Translating Spanish verb-subject order into English : strategies for maximising discourse-pragmatic equivalence (a corpus-based study)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387433.
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Costa, Lívia Ricci. "A Tradução juramentada espanhol-português de atas de assembléias de associados : questões de equivalência terminológica /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86570.
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Orientador: Lídia Almeida Barros<br>Banca: Maurizio Babini<br>Banca: Nelson Luis Ramos<br>Banca: Ricardo Baptista Madeira<br>Resumo: A presente dissertação resulta do desenvolvimento de um projeto sobre o léxico, mais especificamente sobre a terminologia especializada predominante em atas de assembléias de associados submetidas à tradução juramentada. A língua de partida é a espanhola, nas variantes nacionais da Venezuela e do Uruguai, e a de chegada é a portuguesa do Brasil. Procedemos a investigações científicas no campo da Terminologia, utilizando também o arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e dos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados aos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos existentes entre os termos utilizados pelos tradutores juramentados e os termos encontrados em documentos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em português. Buscamos ainda equivalentes em espanhol dos termos em português levantados em nossa pesquisa. Diante dos resultados, observamos questões de equivalência terminológica bilíngüe (total, parcial e ausência de equivalência). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que tais termos se destinam são relevantes para a compreensão do texto e de sua tradução. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o espanhol), mas também entre as variantes nacionais venezuelana, uruguaia e espanhola.<br>Abstract: The present work results from the development of a project about the lexicon, more specifically about the terminology that can be found in minutes of member's meetings submitted to sworn translation. The source language is Spanish, from Venezuela and Uruguay and the target language is Brazilian Portuguese. Our study was performed based on Terminology; we also drawn on some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with two comparable corpora to find approximations and distances from the terminologies that were used by the sworn translators and the terms found dealing with the same subject. We also searched for the equivalents in Spanish to the terms in Portuguese that were found in our corpus of study. We observed bilingual terminological equivalencies related to total, partial or even absence of equivalence. The analysis was carried out in order to show how different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are relevant for the understanding and the translation, mainly the sworn translation. The differences found were not only between Spanish and Portuguese, but also between the language spoken in Venezuela, Uruguay and Spain.<br>Mestre
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Tang, Beibei. "Feminist translation equivalence and norms : gender and female alienation in Chinese translation of Chinese American women's literature." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53276/.
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Drawing on three Chinese translations each of Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club (1989) and The Kitchen God's Wife (1991), this project examines, from a feminist perspective, gender issues in Chinese translations of Chinese American women's literature, with special attention paid to the translators' gender consciousness and ideologies as reflected in their translations of 'female alienation'. Existing studies on Chinese American women's literature, in both America and mainland China, mainly address identity politics, culture, Orientalism, and feminism, and fail to consider the role of translation. This project, however, analyses both the feminist consciousness and the issues which are reflected in these two novels and in their Chinese translations. This project innovatively applies the feminist concept of 'female alienation' to literary translation studies. The concept of 'female alienation', which originates from Karl Marx's theory of labour alienation, is developed by Alison Jaggar through feminist discussions of women's oppression and subordinate status. Women in a patriarchal society are alienated by men's power and separated from their self and nature; this leads to their loss of subjectivity and independence. Jaggar believes that women are alienated in all aspects of their lives, particularly in their sexuality, motherhood, and intellectual capacities, and this project discusses the influence of race and self-Orientalization on that alienation. Indeed, it enriches Jaggar's concept of female alienation by adding sisterhood alienation. A new classification is then proposed to study different patterns of alienation and women's psychological experiences with it, both active and passive, as reflected in Tan's works and the Chinese translations of those works. In terms of translation studies, this project combines translation equivalence and norms theories with feminist translation theory; it proposes a set of feminist translation norms and a concept of feminist translation equivalence to study feminist translation in the Chinese context. Feminist translation norms include feminist preliminary, expectancy, operational, accountability, communication, and relation norms. It is the feminist preliminary and expectancy norms that are used to analyse the translators' motives, intentions, and expectations of their translation. The feminist operational norm is used to analyse the translation strategies adopted by the translators. The feminist accountability norm refers to feminist translation ethics of fidelity; that is, the translation must be faithful to the writer's, or the translator's, own feminist consciousness, thoughts, and intentions. The feminist communication norm means that translations convey the writer's, or translator's, own feminist thoughts to the maximum possible extent. The feminist relation norm means that the relationship between the translation and the source text is the feminist translation equivalence, which means that the feminist thoughts reflected by the words or expressions in the source text, or by the translators' own feminist thoughts, are "faithfully" represented in the translation, even if the translator does not use the precisely equivalent words or expressions to achieve linguistic equivalence. Comparing the Chinese translations in order to study the translators' translation behaviours and the effects of their translations, this project explores how the feminist consciousness and thoughts on female alienation of the source text are represented in the Chinese translations, and in what way the translations achieve (feminist) translation equivalence. Summarising the regularities of the translation behaviour of the translator subgroups, and the (feminist) translation equivalence the translations achieve, this project provides evidence that the feminist translation ethics of fidelity do not necessarily contradict the traditional translation ethics of fidelity which focuses on linguistic equivalence. Meanwhile, it also verifies that so-called "feminist translation strategies" actually refer to all translation strategies which help the translations achieve feminist translation equivalence. This corrects the research misconception concerning feminist translation strategies in mainland China. Finally, by examining the translators' motives and expectations, reflected in their paratexts as well as in the translations, this project summarises feminist translation norms in the Chinese context, and defines the role of gender in translating female alienation in the texts in question.
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Ntantiso, Mzamo. "Exploring the statistical equivalence of the English and Xhosa versions of the Woodcock-Munõz Language Survey." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018620.
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This study explored statistical equivalence of the adapted Xhosa and English version of the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey (WMLS) by investigating group differences on each subscale, in terms of mean scores, index reliability, and item characteristics for two language groups. A Convenience quota sampling technique was used to select 188 Xhosa (n = 188) and 198 English (n = 198) learners from Grades 6 and 7 living in rural and urban Eastern Cape. The WMLS Xhosa and English versions were administered to learners in their first languages. Significant mean group differences were found, but differences were not found on the reliability indices, or mean item characteristics. This pointed in the direction of statistical equivalence. However, scrutiny of the item characteristics of the individual items per subscale indicated possible problems at an item level that need to be investigated further with differential functioning analyses. Thus, stringent DIF analyses were suggested for future research on DIF items before the versions of the WMLS can be considered as equivalent.
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Veenhuizen, Jacob. "On Cosmological Terms : A Study on Terminological Equivalence and Insufficient Terminologies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-63467.
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Terminology is an aspect of scientific-technical texts that can be quite problematic to deal with for a translator, depending on the subject. In many fields of study, the terminology is highly specific and each term clearly defined as relating to a certain concept. The problem for the translator then is to find a term within the terminology of the target language that relates to the same concept. The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of translating terminology in an advanced text on cosmology. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are used in order to indicate the frequency of various problems relating to the translation of terminology and what strategies can be used to solve the various problems in a satisfactory manner, respectively. These analyses involve a study of terminological equivalence as well as the challenges that arise when the terminology of a given field lacks certain terms in a given language. The paper will show that a certain lack of terminological equivalence between English and Swedish as well as the greater issue of a limited development of the cosmological terminology in Swedish are two considerable problems when translating an advanced cosmological text from English into Swedish.
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Almujaiwel, Sultan Nasser. "Contrastive lexicology and comparable English-Arabic corpora-based analysis of vague and mistranslated Arabic equivalence : the case of the modern English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13141.
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The main concern in this research is to reveal the existence of shortcomings in the representation of meaning in the equivalents provided in a given context of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid (Ba<albaki 2005), and to disclose the contributions made in Contrastive Lexicology, Bilingual Lexicography, Translation Theory, Corpus Linguistics and Contrastive Linguistics, in an attempt to come up with a more suitable framework, based on bilingual lexicology and corpora-based approaches, for the analysis of equivalence in English-Arabic by means of computerized corpora, especially by what is known as comparable corpora. This research is divided into 6 Chapters. The introduction, Chapter 1, provides the statement of the research problem, the rationale, the objectives and the questions of the study. Chapter 2 discusses three issues: (i) the terms used to refer to the word; (ii) the semantic analysis and relations of the word; and (iii) the disciplines of bilingual lexicography, translation studies and contrastive linguistics, and their respective contributions to the central notion of equivalence in the bilingual dictionary. The discussion about the last issue will pave the way for using comparable corpora in the investigation of selected entries and their equivalents in the given context. It will also show how useful and effective such an approach is in criticising existing Arabic equivalents in al-Mawrid (2005). Chapter 3 is a review of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid in terms of its purpose and the representation of meanings and entries. It also includes an overview of previous reviews. The aim is to provide and develop a new critical framework of al-Mawrid by a new multi-approach to equivalence in the English-Arabic dictionary, as given in Chapter 4: this is mainly based on comparable English-Arabic corpora, and the criteria for making two individual corpora comparable rather than parallel. Chapters 5 and 6 are dedicated to the analysis of equivalents which are found to be either vague (see Chapter 5) or a mistranslation (see Chapter 6) in a given context.
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Andersson, Karin. "'Consider' and its Swedish equivalents in relation to machine translation." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-771.
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<p>This study describes the English verb ’consider’ and the characteristics of some of its senses. An investigation of this kind may be useful, since a machine translation program, SYSTRAN, has invariably translated ’consider’ with the Swedish verbs ’betrakta’ (Eng: ’view’, regard’) and ’anse’ (Eng: ’regard’). This handling of ’consider’ is not satisfactory in all contexts.</p><p>Since ’consider’ is a cogitative verb, it is fascinating to observe that both the theory of semantic primes and universals and conceptual semantics are concerned with cogitation in various ways. Anna Wierzbicka, who is one of the advocates of semantic primes and universals, argues that THINK should be considered as a semantic prime. Moreover, one of the prime issues of conceptual semantics is to describe how thoughts are constructed by virtue of e.g. linguistic components, perception and experience.</p><p>In order to define and clarify the distinctions between the different senses, we have taken advantage of the theory of mental spaces.</p><p>This thesis has been structured in accordance with the meanings that have been indicated in WordNet as to ’consider’. As a consequence, the senses that ’consider’ represents have been organized to form the subsequent groups: ’Observation’, ’Opinion’ together with its sub-group ’Likelihood’ and ’Cogitation’ followed by its sub-group ’Attention/Consideration’.</p><p>A concordance tool, http://www.nla.se/culler, provided us with 90 literary quotations that were collected in a corpus. Afterwards, these citations were distributed between the groups mentioned above and translated into Swedish by SYSTRAN.</p><p>Furthermore, the meanings as to ’consider’ have also been related to the senses, recorded by the FrameNet scholars. Here, ’consider’ is regarded as a verb of ’Cogitation’ and ’Categorization’.</p><p>When this study was accomplished, it could be inferred that certain senses are connected to specific syntactic constructions. In other cases, however, the distinctions between various meanings can only be explained by virtue of semantics.</p><p>To conclude, it appears to be likely that an implementation is facilitated if a specific syntactic construction can be tied to a particular sense. This may be the case concerning some meanings of ’consider’. Machine translation is presumably a much more laborious task, if one is solely governed by semantic conditions.</p>
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Torres, Beatriz Bueno Machado Rodrigues. "Tradução de textos clássicos latinos : uma reflexão linguística /." Araraquara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192923.
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Orientador: Anise de Abreu Gonçalves D'Orange Ferreira<br>Resumo: A leitura do texto clássico latino é um dos principais objetivos daqueles que se dedicam ao estudo da língua materna dos antigos romanos. Além de ler esses textos, compreendidos como objetos de significação, únicos em sua forma de expressar a cultura, pode também o especialista se dedicar a não menos importante tarefa de divulgar a cultura clássica àqueles que não dominam o idioma. A tradução torna-se, assim, uma atividade de destaque, na medida em que se constitui uma importante forma de conservação e transmissão da herança linguística, literária e cultural legada pela civilização romana. A prática tradutória é muito presente na Área dos Estudos Clássicos, assim como trabalhos acadêmicos que a têm como objetivo e versam sobre o tema. Entretanto, um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos realizados nessa área indica que a maioria destes trabalhos são desenvolvidos no campo dos estudos literários, tratando de questões referentes a literariedade do texto clássico, mas carecendo de uma reflexão sobre a linguagem que se paute de modo mais aprofundado na teoria linguística moderna. Tomando, a partir de Brodsky (1994, p. 86), a concepção de tradução como “a procura de um equivalente, e não de um substituto”, propõe-se empreender uma reflexão sobre a tradução de textos latinos, tendo como base os conhecimentos fornecidos pela teoria moderna da linguagem, em especial por Saussure e Hjelmslev, com vistas a compor a discussão sobre o tema na Área de Clássicas. O conceito saussuriano de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Reading classical Latin texts is one of the main objectives of those who study the ancient romans native language. Besides reading these texts, understood as signification objects, unique in their way of express the culture, specialists can also dedicate themselves to the no less important task of disseminating the Classical Culture to those who do not dominate the language. The translation becomes, thus, a prominent activity, as far as it is an important way of conservation and transmission of linguistic, literary and cultural heritage bequeathed by the Roman civilization. The translation practice is very present in the field of Classical Studies, as well as academic works that have it as an objective and, for that reason, deal with the theme. Nonetheless, a bibliographic survey of studies carried out in this Area indicates that the most of these works are based on literary studies, dealing with the literary aspects of the classical text, but lacking a reflection about language that address more deeply the modern language theory. Taking Brodsky (1994, p.86) translation concept as “the pursuit of an equivalent, not a substitute”, it is proposed to reflect upon classical Latin texts translation, considering the knowledge provided by the modern language theory, mainly by Saussure and Hjelmslev, in order to integrate the discussion about the theme in the field of Classics. The saussurian concept of value is in the spotlight to think about the notion of equivalence in translation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Swisher, Melissa J. "Determining the Relation Between the Moments of Acquisition of Baseline Conditional Discriminations and the Emergence of Equivalence Relations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30515/.
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The experiment was an attempt to gain a more precise understanding of the temporal relation between the development of analytic units and equivalence relations. Two prompting procedures were used during training to pinpoint when eight subjects learned the conditional discriminations. Near simultaneous presentation of probe and training trials allowed for examination of the temporal relation between conditional discrimination acquisition and derived performances on stimulus equivalence probes. The data show that, for seven of eight subjects, a decreased reliance on prompts was coincident with the development of equivalence-consistent choices on either all or some probe trials, which suggests that the development of analytic units is sufficient to give rise to equivalence relations among stimuli.
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Silva, Francine Ferraz da. "Dicionário bilíngue francês-português do comércio internacional : tratamento terminográfico e reflexões sobre terminologia bilíngue /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124507.
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Andersson, Jasmine. "A thorn in the side and its equivalents in French and Swedish : One sense realized as three different idioms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95565.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse how three idioms, in English, French and Swedish, despite different lexical compositions are capable of conveying the same meaning. The idioms in question are a thorn in the side, une épine au pied/dans le pied and en nagel i ögat. This study is concerned with how different metaphorical images are used to express the same meaning. Furthermore, it examines what it is in the semantics of the lexical items that enables these idioms to express the same idiomatic meaning. Using a cognitive linguistic approach the analysis is conducted at a linguistic and a conceptual level. The analysis shows that these three different idioms are capable of conveying the same idiomatic meaning because they are motivated by the same conceptual metaphor.
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Peron-Corrêa, Simone Rodrigues. "Copa 2014 FrameNet Brasil: frames secundários em unidades lexicais evocadoras da experiência turística em português e em espanhol." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/667.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-24<br>Esta dissertação de mestrado está inserida no projeto COPA 2014 FrameNet Brasil (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), que teve como objetivo criar um dicionário eletrônico trilíngue para domínios específicos do Turismo, Futebol e Copa do Mundo em parceria com o projeto FrameCorp (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) e o International Computer Science Institute. O dicionário foi estruturado a partir dos postulados da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) e da metodologia específica da rede semântica FrameNet (RUPPENHOFFER ET AL., 2010). A partir disso, buscou-se implementar a relação de Tradução no banco de dados da FrameNet Brasil, utilizando os frames como representações semânticas interlinguísticas transculturais nos domínios específicos do dicionário Copa 2014 (GAMONAL, 2013). Nessa direção, como contribuição para este projeto, o escopo desta pesquisa se concentrou em verificar se o frame secundário da experiência turística seria o mesmo entre duas das línguas cobertas pelo Copa 2014: o português e o espanhol. Como o domínio do Turismo toma empréstimos lexicais de outras áreas (CALVI, 2010), permeados por projeções metafóricas, recorreu-se ao aporte teórico da Mesclagem (Blending) (FAUCONNIER, 1994,1997), em especial, a integração conceptual de escopo duplo, como instrumento de análise para o mapeamento dos elementos de frame nucleares que compõem os diferentes domínios cognitivos. Parte-se da hipótese de que os frames secundários que fornecem o empréstimo linguístico para o domínio do Turismo nem sempre são os mesmos para as duas línguas. Desse modo, a etapa de análise das anotações lexicográficas, obtidas em corpora paralelos, possibilitou contrastar as valências sintático-semânticas das unidades lexicais que evocam os frames relacionados às três perspectivas do Turismo_de_atração. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, nesse domínio, alguns cognatos não são empregados como correspondentes aos termos do português. Assim, as análises propostas auxiliaram na seleção de equivalentes de tradução que mais se assemelhem ao uso do falante nativo.<br>This thesis is part of the COPA 2014 FrameNet Brasil project (SALOMÃO ET AL., 2011), whose aim was the creation of a trilingual electronic dictionary covering the domains of Tourism, Soccer and the World Cup. The project was developed in collaboration with the FrameCorp project (CHISHMAN ET AL., 2008) and the International Computer Sciences Institute. The dictionary structure derives from the theoretical foundations of Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and is based on FrameNet‟s methodology (RUPPENHOFFER ET AL., 2010). A Translation frame-to-frame relation was implemented in the FrameNet Brasil database, relying on frames as cross-cultural interlingual representations for the specific domains of the Copa 2014 dictionary (GAMONAL, 2013). The main contribution of this thesis to the project is that of analyzing whether secondary frames structuring the touristic experience were the same in two of the languages covered by the dictionary: Portuguese and Spanish. Because the language of Tourism uses vocabulary that is metaphorically grounded on other domains (CALVI, 2010), we deploy conceptual integration networks (Blending) (FAUCONNIER, 1994, 1997) as a means of analyzing how the frame elements structuring those domains are mapped to each other. Our hypothesis is that secondary frames involved in the language of Tourism are not always the same for the two languages. Such a hypothesis was confirmed through the analysis of the lexicographic annotations produced for the three perspectives of the Attraction_tourism frame. Those annotations derive from parallel corpora and yield the synctatic and semantic valences of the lexical units evoking the tourism frames. The analysis proposed contributes to the selection of translation equivalents that represent better the way native speakers of the Portuguese and Spanish refer to the touristic experience.
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Melick, Christina M. "The Impact of Translation Theory on the Development of Contextual Theology." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1243909871.
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Granlund, Ann-Louise. "Comparing Emotional Intensity Between Languages: A parallel corpus Investigation on the Swedish word Njuta and its English equivalents." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22490.
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Denna uppsats utforskar känslomässigt semantiska skillnader mellan ordet "njuta" och dess engelska motsvarigheter. Genom en empirisk engelsk-svensk parallell-corpus undersökning kommer jag försöka visa variationen i semantisk definition i ordets användning. Syftet är att demonstrera, i enlighet med min hypotes, att de engelska motsvarigheterna till det svenska ordet "njuta" är mindre känslomässigt laddade och att det svenska ordet är mera intensivt och semantiskt starkare än engelskans "enjoy".<br>This paper seeks to investigate the emotional semantic differences between the Swedish word "njuta" and its English equivalents. As a Swede, when attempting to describe the word "njuta", the first natural description is to have feelings of lust, or to experience something with passion. The most common translation of the word into English is "enjoy" , and the first natural description of this word is for me to like something, or to find pleasure in it. The words that I have chosen to investigate have a wider meaning apart from simply experiencing feelings of pleasure to different degrees. They are also used in connection with having something, possessing, valuing, or consuming something . By an English-Swedish Parallel Corpus investigation I will try to show the variety of semantic definitions of usage of the word. The aim and scope of this paper is to demonstrate, in accordance with my hypothesis, how the English equivalents of the Swedish word njuta carry less emotional value, and that the Swedish word is more intense and semantically stronger than the English enjoy.
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Book, Björn. "Cognitively Motivated Meanings for Idioms : The Metaphorical and Metonymical Structures of two Semantically Equivalent but Structurally Different Idioms in English and Swedish." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121958.
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This paper analyses the similarities and differences of the cognitive structures of the English-Swedish idiom pair to step into someone’s shoes and att axla någons mantel (to shoulder someone’s mantle [lit.]) in order to investigate possible conceptual or embodied motivations for their meanings. Using dictionaries and corpora to support all findings, the conceptual nature and intended meaning of each idiom were closely analysed and compared. The investigation shows metaphorical, metonymical and embodied structures which might possibly explain why these two idioms mean the same thing as a whole even though they are lexically different from each other. The results indicate that conceptual and embodied mechanisms have motivated the meanings of the idioms, thus suggesting that idiom comprehension in general as well as second language learning would greatly benefit from a more cognitive approach.
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Sena, Karina Aparecida de. "A tradução juramentada espanhol-português de estatutos sociais : questões de equivalência terminológica /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86576.
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Orientador: Lídia Almeida Barros<br>Coorientador: Maurizio Babini<br>Banca: Ricardo Baptista Madeira<br>Banca: Diva Cardoso de Camargo<br>Resumo: Esta pesquisa é parte de um projeto maior sobre o estudo do léxico e, sobretudo, a terminologia, predominante em documentos submetidos à tradução juramentada. Nosso corpus de estudo é constituído por estatutos sociais submetidos à tradução juramentada e os corpora comparáveis, compõem-se de documentos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em língua portuguesa e em língua espanhola obtidos via internet. A língua de partida é o espanhol e a de chegada, o português. As pesquisas foram desenvolvidas no campo da Terminologia; também recorreram, em parte, ao arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e aos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados nos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos entre essas terminologias. Diante dos resultados, observamos questões de equivalência terminológica bilíngüe (total, parcial e ausência de equivalência). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que tais termos se destinam são relevantes para a compreensão do texto e de sua tradução. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o espanhol), mas também entre as variantes nacionais chilena, uruguaia e espanhola.<br>Abstract: This research is part of a larger project geared to the study of the lexicon and, mainly, the most frequent terminology found in documents submitted to sworn translation. Our corpus of study consists of by-laws submitted to sworn translation and by-laws originally written in Portuguese and Spanish extracted via internet. The source language is Spanish and the target language is Portuguese. Our study is based on Terminology; it also draws on some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with two comparable corpora to find approximations and distances between these terminologies. The results reflect similarities and differences in the use of the lexicon in all documents of the same nature in the two languages studied. We observed bilingual terminological equivalences related to total, partial or even absence of equivalence. The analysis was carried out in order to show how different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are relevant for the understanding and the translation, mainly the sworn translation. The differences found were not only between Spanish and Portuguese, but also between the language spoken in Chile, Uruguay and Spain.<br>Mestre
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Costa, Lívia Ricci [UNESP]. "A Tradução juramentada espanhol-português de atas de assembléias de associados: questões de equivalência terminológica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86570.
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costa_lr_me_sjrp.pdf: 516889 bytes, checksum: 36d1aac51c9fc1b9b626da124ab023e7 (MD5)<br>A presente dissertação resulta do desenvolvimento de um projeto sobre o léxico, mais especificamente sobre a terminologia especializada predominante em atas de assembléias de associados submetidas à tradução juramentada. A língua de partida é a espanhola, nas variantes nacionais da Venezuela e do Uruguai, e a de chegada é a portuguesa do Brasil. Procedemos a investigações científicas no campo da Terminologia, utilizando também o arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e dos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados aos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos existentes entre os termos utilizados pelos tradutores juramentados e os termos encontrados em documentos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em português. Buscamos ainda equivalentes em espanhol dos termos em português levantados em nossa pesquisa. Diante dos resultados, observamos questões de equivalência terminológica bilíngüe (total, parcial e ausência de equivalência). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que tais termos se destinam são relevantes para a compreensão do texto e de sua tradução. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o espanhol), mas também entre as variantes nacionais venezuelana, uruguaia e espanhola.<br>The present work results from the development of a project about the lexicon, more specifically about the terminology that can be found in minutes of member’s meetings submitted to sworn translation. The source language is Spanish, from Venezuela and Uruguay and the target language is Brazilian Portuguese. Our study was performed based on Terminology; we also drawn on some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with two comparable corpora to find approximations and distances from the terminologies that were used by the sworn translators and the terms found dealing with the same subject. We also searched for the equivalents in Spanish to the terms in Portuguese that were found in our corpus of study. We observed bilingual terminological equivalencies related to total, partial or even absence of equivalence. The analysis was carried out in order to show how different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are relevant for the understanding and the translation, mainly the sworn translation. The differences found were not only between Spanish and Portuguese, but also between the language spoken in Venezuela, Uruguay and Spain.
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Al, Musawi Jaafar. "Formation et pratique des enseignants de traduction français-arabe / arabe-français dans les universités irakiennes." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1010/document.
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Notre travail est une étude didactique, traductologique et linguistique. L’objectif de ce travail est de trouver une solution à l’enseignement de la traduction français-arabe/ arabe-français dans le cursus de FLE dans les universités irakiennes. Le manque d’avancée notable dans le domaine de l’enseignement de la traduction et de la mise en œuvre des procédés didactiques en classe est le fruit d’un déséquilibre entre le programme dans les départements de français et le bagage linguistique et les compétences didactiques de l’enseignant. L’intériorisation de la grammaire de la langue cible est l’un des objectifs principaux en didactique des langues. Le recours par l’enseignant de la classe de traduction à une grammaire explicite favorise-t-il ou entrave-t-il l’intériorisation de la grammaire des langues ? Il est nécessaire que la formation initiale des enseignants de langue et de traduction comporte une solide initiation à deux modèles métalinguistiques.Malgré les études universitaires croissantes pour l’enseignement de la traduction, il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude, surtout en Irak, portant sur la didactique de la traduction entre le français et l’arabe qui permettrait d’acquérir la compétence traductionnelle à des apprenants de langues étrangères. Ce travail est important pour le système universitaire en Irak car il n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Il est nécessaire pour créer des départements de traduction français –arabe dans les universités irakiennes. Notre initiative s’accompagne de l’introduction en Irak de méthodes nouvelles de traduction comme l’AMD (Analyse matricielle définitoire).Ce travail s’attaque notamment aux difficultés linguistiques de la traduction à partir des traductions des apprenants irakiens des universités de Bagdad et d’Al-Mustansiriyah. Dans cette optique, nous avons réalisé une enquête auprès des professeurs de français et des étudiants de ces universités.La finalité de ce travail est une réflexion qui vise à :Entrainer les enseignants à faire des analyses linguistiques qui leur fassent prendre conscience du fonctionnement de leur langue (en l’occurrence l’arabe) et des différences de fonctionnement entre leur langue et la langue vers laquelle ou à partir de laquelle ils traduisent (en l’occurrence le français). L’analyse doit se focaliser sur le fonctionnement de la langue et non sur l’apprentissage ou la comparaison du métalangage ou telle théorie linguistique ou grammaticale même si le formateur doit, lui, avoir une formation linguistique théorique cohérente.III Faire découvrir aux enseignants les débats contradictoires et souvent violents que connait la traductologie et leur fournir les outils qui leur permettent d’adopter une attitude critique au sein de ces débats.Apprendre aux enseignants à se construire une méthode de traduction avec un protocole relativement précis qui en définit les différentes étapes. Leur apprendre à justifier la méthode qu’ils auront choisie<br>Our work is a didactic, traductologic, and linguistic study. This work aims to find a solution for the French-Arabic / Arabic-French translation teaching in French as Foreign Language courses in Iraqi universities.The lack of noteworthy advances in translation teaching and the implementation of didactic techniques is the result of an imbalance between the program of French departments and the linguistic and didactic skills of the teacher.The interiorization of the target language grammar is one of the principal aims in language didactics. When a translation teacher resorts to an explicit grammar point, does this promote or hinder the interiorization of the grammar? It is necessary that the language and translation teachers pre-service training contains a solid introduction to two metalinguistic models.Despite the increasing number of studies on translation teaching, there is, to our knowledge, no study, especially in Iraq, on didactics of French-Arabic translation to the foreign language learners which could let them acquire translation skills. This work is important for the Iraqi academic system because there was no in-depth study on this matter before. It is necessary for the creation of French- Arabic translation departments in Iraqi universities. Our initiative includes the introduction of the new translation methods in Iraq as the DMA (Defining Matrix Analysis).This work particularly tackles the linguistic difficulties in translation using translations of Iraqi learners at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriyah. With this in mind, we conducted a survey among teachers of French and students of these universities. The purpose of this work is a reflection which aims to: Entrain the teacher to make linguistic analysis which will help them to become aware of the functioning of their language (in this case Arabic) and the differences of functioning between their language and the source language or the target language (in this case French). This analysis must focus on the functioning of the language and not on the learning or the comparison of the metalanguage or of a linguistic or grammatical theory, even if the tutor himself must have a consistent knowledge of linguistic theories.Make teachers capable of discovering the contradictory, often violent, debates that the traductologie can supply them with the tools that allow them to adopt a critical attitude within these debates. Instruct teachers to build a translation method with a relatively precise protocol that defines the different steps. Teach them to justify the method they have chosen
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Hess, Andrew J. "The Vernacular as Sacred Language? A Study of the Principles of Translation of Liturgical Texts." Athenaeum of Ohio / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=athe1550248212112309.
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Mendes, Raphael [UNESP]. "Aspectos comparativos da regência verbal em Português e Inglês para a elaboração de um dicionário bilíngue." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86539.
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mendes_r_me_sjrp.pdf: 499680 bytes, checksum: 034c1c61fe6b873b52f2ae0fadd7a186 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Muitas vezes as gramáticas tradicionais e os dicionários existentes não são suficientes para resolver as dúvidas de estudantes e consulentes relativas a problemas linguísticos específicos. Com base nisso, propusemos um estudo de cunho contrastivo sobre uma temática pouco explorada, mas de grande relevância para a gramática e para a lexicografia: a regência verbal. Nos dicionários, esse tipo de informação gramatical é, em geral, tratado de forma imprecisa ou sequer aparece, o que pode dificultar a compreensão e/ou a produção em língua materna ou estrangeira. Dessa forma, este trabalho trata da apresentação da conclusão de um projeto de pesquisa que propôs: i) um estudo comparativo entre a língua portuguesa do Brasil e a língua inglesa, em suas variantes britânica e americana, a partir da reflexão sobre as semelhanças e diferenças observadas entre os dois sistemas no que diz respeito aos verbos regidos por preposição, e ii) a elaboração de verbetes para um dicionário bilíngue de regência verbal na direção português-inglês, tendo como base os resultados da análise contrastiva. Para que os objetivos da proposta fossem alcançados, procedemos a uma análise de aspectos gerais sobre regência encontrados na literatura existente, para, então, privilegiarmos um tipo específico de regência. As constatações das análises geral e específica alicerçaram a idealização de um modelo de organização microestrutural que contemplasse a regência verbal de uma dada categoria semântica. Particularmente, as conclusões da análise específica também mostraram que uma mesma noção semântica pode ser expressa por meio de preposições variadas. Os verbetes que compõem a nossa proposta de dicionário, cujo usuário ideal é o aprendiz que precisa se expressar em língua inglesa, foram selecionados a partir de uma nomenclatura...<br>Traditional grammars and the dictionaries available are often inaccurate to solve the doubts of students and users concerning particular linguistic issues. Based on that, we proposed a contrastive study on a theme not properly explored, but highly relevant to grammar and lexicography: verbal regency. Generally speaking, in dictionaries, this type of grammar information is inaccurately shown or not even brought, which can hinder mother or foreign language comprehension and/or production. Thus this work presents the conclusion of a research project that aimed at: i) a comparative study between Brazilian Portuguese and British and American English on the similarities and differences observed in these languages concerning verbs followed by prepositions, and ii) the elaboration of entries to a Portuguese-English dictionary of verbal regency, based on the results of the comparative analysis. In order to achieve our goals, we carried out an analysis of general aspects about regency found in the existing literature, so as to subsequently focus on a specific type of regency. Our findings regarding both the general and the specific analyses based the elaboration of an entry model which could show the verbal regency of a certain semantic category. Furthermore, the conclusions of the specific analysis particularly showed that the same semantic notion can be expressed through a range of prepositions. The entries to be included in our dictionary, whose ideal user is the English learner with language production needs, were selected from the wordlist of a previous project. We therefore believe that the results obtained can be seen as a view on the grammar phenomenon of verbal regency in comparative terms, and can contribute towards the specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Sena, Karina Aparecida de [UNESP]. "A tradução juramentada espanhol-português de estatutos sociais: questões de equivalência terminológica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86576.
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sena_ka_me_sjrp.pdf: 1064493 bytes, checksum: c09af9f0a84ba49e86aecf17b9391a5c (MD5)<br>Esta pesquisa é parte de um projeto maior sobre o estudo do léxico e, sobretudo, a terminologia, predominante em documentos submetidos à tradução juramentada. Nosso corpus de estudo é constituído por estatutos sociais submetidos à tradução juramentada e os corpora comparáveis, compõem-se de documentos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em língua portuguesa e em língua espanhola obtidos via internet. A língua de partida é o espanhol e a de chegada, o português. As pesquisas foram desenvolvidas no campo da Terminologia; também recorreram, em parte, ao arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e aos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados nos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos entre essas terminologias. Diante dos resultados, observamos questões de equivalência terminológica bilíngüe (total, parcial e ausência de equivalência). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que tais termos se destinam são relevantes para a compreensão do texto e de sua tradução. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o espanhol), mas também entre as variantes nacionais chilena, uruguaia e espanhola.<br>This research is part of a larger project geared to the study of the lexicon and, mainly, the most frequent terminology found in documents submitted to sworn translation. Our corpus of study consists of by-laws submitted to sworn translation and by-laws originally written in Portuguese and Spanish extracted via internet. The source language is Spanish and the target language is Portuguese. Our study is based on Terminology; it also draws on some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with two comparable corpora to find approximations and distances between these terminologies. The results reflect similarities and differences in the use of the lexicon in all documents of the same nature in the two languages studied. We observed bilingual terminological equivalences related to total, partial or even absence of equivalence. The analysis was carried out in order to show how different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are relevant for the understanding and the translation, mainly the sworn translation. The differences found were not only between Spanish and Portuguese, but also between the language spoken in Chile, Uruguay and Spain.
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Mendes, Raphael. "Aspectos comparativos da regência verbal em Português e Inglês para a elaboração de um dicionário bilíngue /." São José do Rio Preto, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86539.
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Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia<br>Coorientador: Solange Aranha<br>Banca: Ariani Di Felippo<br>Banca: Douglas Altamiro Consolo<br>Resumo: Muitas vezes as gramáticas tradicionais e os dicionários existentes não são suficientes para resolver as dúvidas de estudantes e consulentes relativas a problemas linguísticos específicos. Com base nisso, propusemos um estudo de cunho contrastivo sobre uma temática pouco explorada, mas de grande relevância para a gramática e para a lexicografia: a regência verbal. Nos dicionários, esse tipo de informação gramatical é, em geral, tratado de forma imprecisa ou sequer aparece, o que pode dificultar a compreensão e/ou a produção em língua materna ou estrangeira. Dessa forma, este trabalho trata da apresentação da conclusão de um projeto de pesquisa que propôs: i) um estudo comparativo entre a língua portuguesa do Brasil e a língua inglesa, em suas variantes britânica e americana, a partir da reflexão sobre as semelhanças e diferenças observadas entre os dois sistemas no que diz respeito aos verbos regidos por preposição, e ii) a elaboração de verbetes para um dicionário bilíngue de regência verbal na direção português-inglês, tendo como base os resultados da análise contrastiva. Para que os objetivos da proposta fossem alcançados, procedemos a uma análise de aspectos gerais sobre regência encontrados na literatura existente, para, então, privilegiarmos um tipo específico de regência. As constatações das análises geral e específica alicerçaram a idealização de um modelo de organização microestrutural que contemplasse a regência verbal de uma dada categoria semântica. Particularmente, as conclusões da análise específica também mostraram que uma mesma noção semântica pode ser expressa por meio de preposições variadas. Os verbetes que compõem a nossa proposta de dicionário, cujo usuário ideal é o aprendiz que precisa se expressar em língua inglesa, foram selecionados a partir de uma nomenclatura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Traditional grammars and the dictionaries available are often inaccurate to solve the doubts of students and users concerning particular linguistic issues. Based on that, we proposed a contrastive study on a theme not properly explored, but highly relevant to grammar and lexicography: verbal regency. Generally speaking, in dictionaries, this type of grammar information is inaccurately shown or not even brought, which can hinder mother or foreign language comprehension and/or production. Thus this work presents the conclusion of a research project that aimed at: i) a comparative study between Brazilian Portuguese and British and American English on the similarities and differences observed in these languages concerning verbs followed by prepositions, and ii) the elaboration of entries to a Portuguese-English dictionary of verbal regency, based on the results of the comparative analysis. In order to achieve our goals, we carried out an analysis of general aspects about regency found in the existing literature, so as to subsequently focus on a specific type of regency. Our findings regarding both the general and the specific analyses based the elaboration of an entry model which could show the verbal regency of a certain semantic category. Furthermore, the conclusions of the specific analysis particularly showed that the same semantic notion can be expressed through a range of prepositions. The entries to be included in our dictionary, whose ideal user is the English learner with language production needs, were selected from the wordlist of a previous project. We therefore believe that the results obtained can be seen as a view on the grammar phenomenon of verbal regency in comparative terms, and can contribute towards the specific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Delvizio, Ivanir Azevedo. "Equivalência lexical e aspectos morfológicos de termos em português e espanhol do domínio da dermatologia /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86585.
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Resumo: O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi realizar a busca das equivalências em espanhol para um conjunto de termos, em português, da área da Dermatologia, e analisar as relações de equivalência mantidas entre esses termos em uma abordagem contrastiva. Para tanto, tomamos como base os trabalhos de Alpízar-Castillo (1997), Dubuc (1985) e Felber (1987) sobre Terminologia Bilíngüe. Nosso primeiro passo foi realizar um breve estudo sobre a área da Dermatologia para adquirirmos uma visão geral da extensão e dos limites dessa área de especialidade. Em seguida, tratamos de aspectos teóricos da Terminologia, a evolução de seus modelos teóricos, sua vertente bilíngüe e as relações de equivalência mantidas entre termos de duas línguas. Durante a busca das equivalências terminológicas, verificamos que, apesar de muitos termos da língua de partida apresentarem equivalências totais na língua alvo, em alguns casos a relação de equivalência é apenas parcial ou não se produz. As relações de equivalência parcial são motivadas por diferenças relativas não só ao conteúdo semântico, mas também à freqüência, ao uso e às marcas sociolingüísticas. Além disso, observamos que as classificações e subdivisões de uma doença podem variar de um país para outro ou dentro de um mesmo país, de acordo com a visão de cada especialista. De fato, as línguas dispõem de termos mais genéricos ou específicos conforme a necessidade denominativa de sua comunidade. Identificamos, assim, uma variada gama de possibilidades de relações de equivalência entre termos de duas línguas. Outro objetivo de nossa pesquisa era analisar os prefixos e sufixos utilizados na formação desses termos. Nosso trabalho, por isso, desdobra-se em uma segunda parte, dedicada ao estudo desses elementos, onde destacamos suas funções no vocabulário médico e abordamos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The main purpose of this work was to find the equivalents in Spanish for a group of terms of Dermatology, in Brazilian Portuguese, and analyse their relations of equivalence. Our research was based on works of Alpízar-Castillo (1997), Dubuc (1985) and Felber (1987) about Bilingual Terminology. In order to understand the limits and domains of Dermatology, we carried out a brief study on this subject, showing its history, fields and applications. Then, we made a brief review on Terminology theory, Bilingual Terminology and relations of equivalence between terms of different languages. During the search for the equivalents, we identified three basic relations between terms of two languages: (1) total equivalence, (2) partial equivalence and (3) non-equivalence. The partial equivalence relations are motivated by differences related to usage, frequency and social marks. We also observed that the same disease can be classified in different ways in different languages. Specific or general terms are created according to the communication needs of the group. So, there can be a wide range of possibilities of equivalence when terms of two languages are compared. This work also aimed at analysing the prefixes and suffixes of the terms of Dermatology. Thus, on the second part of this work, we studied prefixes and suffixes, outlining their function on medical terminology, and raised some questions about the limits between composition and derivation. We also observed variations between Spanish and Portuguese prefixes and suffixes related to semantic and pragmatic aspects and usage. To sum up, this study may be interesting to those who intend to study medical terminology in a bilingual approach.<br>Orientador: Lidia Almedia Barros<br>Coorientador: Eli Nazareth Bechara<br>Banca: Gladis Maria de Barcellos Almeida<br>Banca: Luciani Ester Tenani<br>Mestre
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Гостєва, К. В. "Особливості перекладу екзотизмів". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76437.
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Мeтoю дoслiдження є aнaлiз виxiдниx тeoрeтичниx пoзицiй, що можуть пояснити феномен відсутності прямого відповідника у мові перекладу та поняття безеквівалентності лексики, ознайомлення з iснуючими класифікаціями бeзeквiвaлeнтнoї лeксики й cпocобaми її пeрeклaду нa мaтepiaлах публіцистичних та художнix текстів. У нашому дослідженні ми не лише розглянули екзотизм як важливий лінгвістичний феномен. Ми також зрозуміли механізм запозичення та адаптації екзотичної лексики, проаналізували екзотизми, що були запозичені з англійської мови, розглянули класифікацію запозиченої лексики, виявили слова, які вимовляють неправильно та виправили помилки у їх вимові.<br>Целью исследования является анализ тeoрeтическиx пoзиций, которые способны объяснить феномен отсутствия прямого соответствия в языке-реципиенте, а также понятия безэквивалентности лексики, ознакомление с существующими классификациями бeзэквивалентной лексики и cпocобов ее перевода нa мaтepиaлах публицистических и художественных текстов. В нашем исследовании мы не только рассмотрели экзотизмы как важный лингвистический феномен, мы также поняли механизм заимствования и адаптации экзотической лексики, проанализировали экзотизмы, которые были заимствованы из английского языка, рассмотрели классификацию заимствованной лексики, выделили слова, которые зачастую произносятся неправильно и исправили ошибки в их произношении.<br>The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons that can explain the problem of lack of direct equivalents in the target language, as well as to analyze the concept of the exoticisms and untranslatability. In this master`s thesis we have analyzed the concept of the exoticism as an important linguistic phenomenon, the mechanism of functioning of the exoticisms as well as the other linguistic borrowings that were mentioned in the text.
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Bazzon, Solange Cristina Maida. "Terminologia da indústria de artefatos de borracha: proposta de um vocabulário." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5728.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-24<br>The rubber industry is a sector that contributes significantly with the national economy due to the fact that it is part of a wide range of products. Therefore, we verified the need of a terminological systematization in this field. Based on this fact, our objective is to elaborate a monolingual vocabulary (glossary) of rubber goods in the automotive sector, with English equivalences. This paper is supported by the Communicative Terminology Theory proposed by Maria Tereza Cabré. Under a communicative perspective, the methodology of this research contemplated the compilation of a corpus as well as the utilization of a computer tool, the Unitex, in order to manage the texts that make part of this corpus. We extracted words (semi automatically) which we considered a term candidate, inserted them in the ontology, elaborated and filled out the terminology forms which were used as a term dossier; elaborated a text definition basis which was constantly fed with new information and sequentially we wrote the definitions. The definition texts of the rubber vocabulary (glossary) are based on the researches at Terminology Group Studies department GETerm. The microstructure - headword - contemplates systematic (obligatory) and asystematic (non obligatory) information that facilitates the peoples use. Concerning the vocabulary/ glossary microstructure we followed the TERMICAT s (1990) proposal, which aims the specialized communication.<br>A indústria de artefatos de borracha é um setor que contribui significativamente com a economia do país, pois faz parte de uma enorme gama de produtos e bens de consumo. No entanto, constatamos a necessidade de sistematizar a terminologia dessa área com obras terminográficas que atendam às necessidades comunicativas de seus usuários. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo foi elaborar um vocabulário monolíngue acerca da terminologia dos artefatos de borracha particularmente do setor automotivo, com equivalências em inglês. A presente pesquisa está amparada na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT), proposta por Maria Tereza Cabré. Sob uma perspectiva comunicativa, a metodologia da pesquisa contemplou a compilação de um corpus e a utilização de uma ferramenta computacional, o Unitex, para manipulação dos textos que compõem o corpus. Procedemos à extração semiautomática de candidatos a termos, inserimos os temos no mapa conceitual; elaboramos e preenchemos fichas terminológicas que nos serviu como um dossiê dos termos; elaboramos e alimentamos uma base definicional que contribuiu para a redação das definições terminológicas (DT) e na sequência, elaboramos as definições. Os textos definitórios que compõem o vocabulário se pautaram nos procedimentos utilizados pelos pesquisadores do Grupo de Estudos Terminológicos GETerm. A microestrutura do conjunto vocabulário contempla informações sistemáticas (obrigatórias em todos os verbetes) e assistemáticas (informações não obrigatórias) de forma a facilitar a consulta do usuário. Quanto à macroestrutura, seguimos a sugestão do TERMCAT (1990), o qual visa à melhoria da comunicação especializada.
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Barros, Maria Patricia de. "Ne donnez pas votre langue au chat: expressões idiomáticas francesas e ensino de LE." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9155.
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-07<br>Selon Rey (2003), aucune langue ne peut être apprise sans les unités phraséologiques, parce
qu'elles sont une richesse culturelle et idiomatique et leur maîtrise favorise la compétence
communicative. Pour cette raison, la présente recherche a pour but principal d’étudier les
expressions idiomatiques comme l’objet de l’enseignement-apprentissage en français langue
étrangère. Pour cela, les élèves ont répondu à un questionnaire contenant des EIs que nous
avons classées en quatre catégories différentes en fonction de leur degré de similitude ou de
contraste avec notre langue maternelle: des équivalents littéraux, des équivalents presque
littéraux, des équivalents particuliers et des sans équivalents en langue portugaise. D'après les
résultats obtenus, nous avons identifié quelles expressions ont obtenu le plus grand et le plus
petit nombre de réponses adéquates, aussi bien que nous avons analysé les causes possibles
des adéquations et des inadéquations. Pour encourager les enseignants à travailler les
expressions idiomatiques avec leurs étudiants, nous présentons des suggestions de procédures
pédagogiques pour les exploiter en salle de classe de FLE. Pour finir, nous avons élaboré un
glossaire bilingue (français/portugais) avec les expressions idiomatiques qui faisaient partie
de notre corpus.<br>De acordo com REY (2003), nenhuma língua pode ser aprendida sem as unidades
fraseológicas, pois elas formam uma grande riqueza cultural e idiomática e seu domínio
favorece a competência comunicativa. Por esta razão, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo
principal investigar as expressões idiomáticas como objeto de ensino-aprendizagem em
Francês Língua Estrangeira. Para isto, com alunos de FLE, aplicamos um questionário
contendo expressões idiomáticas, que classificamos em quatro categorias diferentes, de
acordo com seu grau de semelhança ou contraste com nossa língua materna: expressões com
equivalência literal, expressões com equivalência praticamente literal, expressões com
equivalência particular e expressões sem equivalência em língua portuguesa. A partir dos
resultados obtidos, identificamos quais expressões obtiveram um maior e um menor número
de respostas adequadas, assim como analisamos as possíveis causas das adequações e
inadequações. Para incentivar o professor a trabalhar as expressões idiomáticas com seus
alunos, apresentamos sugestões de procedimentos pedagógicos de como explorá-las na sala de
aula de FLE. Por fim, elaboramos um glossário bilíngue (francês/português) com as EIs que
fizeram parte de nosso corpus.
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Brunetti, Margaret. "Il problema della traduzione nella letteratura di auto-aiuto: una proposta di traduzione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16446/.
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L'elaborato si propone di analizzare la letteratura di auto-aiuto e le problematiche che più frequentemente insorgono durante la traduzione di opere appartenenti a questo genere letterario attraverso una proposta di traduzione di un'opera di auto-aiuto.
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Oliveira, Ana Amélia Furtado de. "Questões de terminologia português-francês de atas de assembleia : uma contribuição à tradução juramentada /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86586.
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Orientador: José Horta Nunes<br>Banca: Alice Maria de Araújo Ferreira<br>Banca: Lídia Almeida Barros<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos em nossa pesquisa de Mestrado sobre a terminologia recorrente em atas de assembleias submetidas à tradução juramentada do francês para o português. Para tanto, dispusemos de um córpus de estudo formado por atas de assembleias traduzidas (nomeado por nós CTTJ = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) Traduzidos sob a forma Juramentada). Esse córpus nos foi cedido por tradutores públicos inscritos na Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (JUCESP). Para análise dos termos extraídos no CTTJ e verificação em seu contexto natural de uso, utilizamos também outros dois córpus: um formado por atas originalmente escritas em português (CTOP = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) escritos Originalmente em Português) e o outro formado por atas originalmente escritas em francês (CTOF = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) escritos Originalmente em Francês). Também procedemos ao levantamento de termos com base no CTOP para completação de nossa lista de termos, já que nosso intuito era dispor o resultado da análise em forma de glossário direcionado a tradutores. Esses levantamentos foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Hyperbase, por meio do qual obtivemos uma lista em ordem alfabética das palavras do córpus acompanhadas de seus cotextos (listas de concordâncias). Da análise do conteúdo conceptual dos termos recorrentes e da busca pelos seus equivalentes em francês surgiram reflexões sobre os graus de equivalência terminológica bilíngue. Neste trabalho ficou comprovado que, mesmo se tratando de um domínio relativamente restrito, a equivalência entre termos de duas línguas nem sempre é total, ocorrendo também parcial e ausência de equivalência. Durante a pesquisa, surgiram igualmente questões sobre o modo de tratar os dados terminológicos e os diferentes graus de equivalência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The present work has as main objective to present the results obtained in the Master's Degree research about the Terminology recurrent on minutes of assemblies submitted for sworn translation from French to Portuguese. Thus, we employed a corpus of study composed by translated minutes of assemblies (named by us CTTJ, Corpus of Translated Texts by Sworn form). This corpus was conceded to us by public translators registered in the Sao Paulo State Commercial Registry (JUCESP). In order to analyze the terms extracted from CTTJ and their validation in the natural context of use, we also used other two corpora: one formed by minutes originally written in Portuguese (CTOP, Corpus of written Text Originally written in Portuguese) and the other formed by minutes originally written in French (CTOF, Corpus of written Texts originally in French). We also preceded a survey based on CTOP for completing our term list, whereas we are aimed to display the results of the analysis in a glossary form focused for translators. These surveys were accomplished with help of Hyperbase software through which an alphabetical order list of the corpus' words was obtained followed of their co-text. Reflections about the bilingual terminological equivalence emerged from the analysis of the conceptual content of the recurrent terms and the search for their French equivalents. It was proven in the work that, even broaching a relatively restrict domain, the equivalence among terms of two languages it is not always total, also generating partial equivalence and non equivalence. Through the research, questions emerged about the way of treating the terminological data and these differences among terms of both languages in a bilingual glossary. One of the main results of our work was the elaboration of a Portuguese-French glossary of the terms from de domain of assembly minutes which was presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Tucci, Helio. "As relações entre as descrições gramaticais do present perfect e o seu uso: estudo de uma amostra." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2276.
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-14<br>This work is a study of correspondence in the area of English and Portuguese verb tenses, and takes as focus the Present Perfect verb tense. In this study it is used as corpus the
occurrences of this English verb tense in North American articles of the National Geographic magazine, and its statements and sense effects compared with the translations
of the respective Brazilian articles. With the purpose of reflecting on this correspondence, this work is based on the description of the Present Perfect presented by grammars of
different theoretical orientations, on the analysis of the grammatical categories of aspect and tense in both English and Portuguese languages, and, also, on theoretical aspects
related to the problem of foreign language acquisition.<br>Este trabalho é um estudo de correspondência no domínio de tempos verbais da língua inglesa e da língua portuguesa, e toma como foco o tempo verbal Present Perfect da língua
inglesa. Para tanto, utilizam-se como corpus as ocorrências desse tempo verbal em edições norte-americanas da revista National Geographic e analisam-se seus enunciados e efeitos
de sentido comparados aos das traduções das respectivas edições brasileiras. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre essa correspondência, este trabalho fundamenta-se na descrição do Present Perfect apresentada por gramáticas de diferentes orientações teóricas, na análise das categorias gramaticais aspecto e tempo em língua inglesa e em língua portuguesa, e,
ainda, em aspectos teóricos referentes à aquisição de língua estrangeira.
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Russo, Valentina. "The dilemma of translating and interpreting in the criminal justice system: civil law vs. common law." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13778/.
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The scope of this thesis is to offer solutions to some of the translation and interpreting issues arising in the legal field. In particular, the focus of the analysis will be the differences between a common law country, England, and a civil law country, Italy. Through some excerpts taken both by an Italian movie and a UK TV series, the issues are analysed and in the end, two glossaries(Italian-English and English-Italian) built on this analysis are offered.
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Svarvell, Teresa. "On the run : Cultural aspects, figurative language and runners’ jargon in the translation of training guides." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43982.
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This study investigates translation choices and challenges in the translation of two training guides focused on running. It tests the validity of Reiss’s text-type theory in the translation of cultural aspects. Furthermore, the study discusses to what extent equivalence can be reached when translating an aesthetic language and finally, it comments on some characteristics of typical runners’ language. The results show that Reiss’s text type theory is not sufficient to guide the translation of cultural differences in the SL and TL but an analysis on phrasal and lexical level is also needed, where Koller’s equivalence relations and Newmark’s communicative translation are applicable. The results also show that figurative language is indeed possible to translate in these kinds of texts, where among others compensation proves a useful strategy. Equivalence on all levels of the text, however, is not always possible to reach. Finally, the findings of a special runners’ language were rather limited, although some examples indicating a presence of a runners’ jargon were found.
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Schultz, Malin. "Translating the Special Language of Football from English to Swedish : A Study on Terminology and Metaphor." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26277.
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By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the present study aims to investigate what strategies may be used in the translation of a text on football from English to Swedish, with focus on terminology and the metaphor FOOTBALL IS WAR. Special attention is paid to the trait of football language as a special language. Dictionaries and parallel texts, as well as different sources on football language and translation theory, such as Bergh & Ohlander (2012), Levin (2008) and Newmark (1988) were consulted in the translation and the subsequent analysis. As expected, the results show that borrowing is a very common strategy in the translation of football terminology. The loanwords were categorised as either direct (letter-for-letter or adjusted) or indirect (with the same or reversed order of inherent elements), and the most common kind was indirect loans (calques) with retained order of elements. Moreover, some terminology had to be translated by means of Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1958) equivalence. With regard to terms based on the FOOTBALL IS WAR metaphor, many could be reproduced in the target text, while others were changed to another image, and yet others reduced to literal language, after careful consideration of their frequency and appropriateness in Swedish football language. One of the major conclusions drawn from the present study is that some knowledge about the topic of the source text, as well as extensive and proper use of parallel texts is necessary, considering the distinctiveness of football language as opposed to general language.
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Björk, Anna. "Not for Sale : Terminology and cultural references in a text on human trafficking." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32505.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse what strategies may be the most suitable ones when dealing with problems in the translation of a text on human trafficking. The focus of the study is how to translate terminology related to human trafficking, but also on how to deal with references to culture-specific phenomena. In order to find possible solutions for translation problems in the text, different dictionaries and term banks were used, as well as parallel texts and different translation strategies. The analysis is based on the translation strategies laid down by Vinay and Darbelnet, Ingo and Newmark. The findings of the study show that a number of different translation strategies had to be applied in order to solve the different translation problems. Regarding the translation of terminology, modulation, equivalence, addition and omission were the most useful strategies, as well as using parallel texts. The strategies found most useful in translating culture-specific phenomena were modulation, equivalence and addition, but componential analysis, transference and established translations were also used. Factors that decided what were the most appropriate strategies to apply in the different instances were the aim of the text, the perspective of the target reader and parallel texts.
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Teles, Letícia Bonora. "Proposta de modelo de dicionário bilíngue português-francês/francês-português de termos de estatutos sociais : uma colaboração para tradudores juramentados /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86560.
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Orientador: Lídia Almeida Barros<br>Banca: Maria Emília Chanut<br>Banca: Paola Baccin<br>Resumo: Este trabalho pretende dar uma contribuição ao trabalho dos tradutores públicos e intérpretes comerciais por meio da elaboração de uma proposta de modelo de dicionário bilíngue português- francês/ francês-português de termos de estatutos sociais. Esta pesquisa se situa no campo da Terminologia, mais especificamente da Terminologia Bilíngue, e, para realizá-la, utilizamos um córpus comparável constituído por três córpus: (CTTJ - conjunto de textos (estatutos sociais) traduzidos do francês para o português sob a forma juramentada; CTOP - conjunto de textos (estatutos sociais) originalmente escritos em português; CTOF - conjunto de textos (estatutos sociais) originalmente escritos em francês). Desses córpus retiramos os termos a serem estudados, bem como seus respectivos dados. Esses foram inseridos em fichas eletrônicas de uma base de dados que criamos com o auxílio do aplicativo Microsoft Access. Após o registro das informações terminológicas, estabelecemos as equivalências portuguêsfrancês com a ajuda de uma bibliografia de apoio nas duas línguas, composta por dicionários jurídicos, econômicos e comerciais e por documentos legais. Para tanto, procedemos a uma análise comparativa do conteúdo semântico-conceptual dos candidatos a equivalentes e do contexto de uso das unidades terminológicas levantadas nas duas línguas. Na busca pelas equivalências, encontramos principalmente equivalentes totais, fato que demonstra a proximidade dos estatutos sociais e dos sistemas jurídicos brasileiro e francês, já que, como constatamos na pesquisa, os termos desse tipo de documento são principalmente de origem jurídica. Em seguida, realizamos um estudo teórico básico com o fim de identificarmos as principais necessidades dos tradutores no que concerne aos dicionários bilíngues. Com base nesse estudo, elaboramos nossa proposta de modelo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This work aims at contributing to the sworn translators' work by developing a proposal of model of bilingual dictionary Portuguese-French/ French-Portuguese of terms of by laws. This research takes place in the field of Terminology, specifically Bilingual Terminology, and, in order to develop it, we used a comparable corpus, consisting of three corpus: (CTTJ - set of texts (by laws) translated from French to Portuguese under sworn translation; CTOP - set of texts (by laws) originally written in Portuguese; CTOF - set of texts (by laws) originally written in French). From this corpus we extracted the terms to be studied and its data, which were entered in electronics records of a database we created with the help of Microsoft Access application. After storing the terminological information, we established the equivalences Portuguese-French with the help of the support bibliography in both languages, composed by juridical, economical e commercial dictionaries, besides of legal documents. For that, we developed a comparative analysis of the semantic-conceptual content of the equivalents applicants and of the use context of the terminological units in both languages. During the search for the equivalences, we found mainly total equivalents, fact that show us the proximity between Brazilian and French by laws and juridical systems, since we found out during the research that the terms of this kind of document come mainly from juridical source. Next, we developed a basic theoretical study to identify the sworn translators' primary needs in relation to the bilingual dictionary. Based on this study, we developed our proposal of model of bilingual dictionary Portuguese-French of terms of by laws, which can be useful, in the future, for the sworn translators' work. We received FAPESP support to the achievement of this project, with a bourse to the period of 2008, March... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Delvizio, Ivanir Azevedo. "Tradução juramentada de documentos escolares→português : questões culturais, terminológicas e tradutórias /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100106.
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Orientador: Lidia Almeida Barros<br>Banca: Francis Henrik Aubert<br>Banca: Maria Emília Chanut<br>Banca: Paula Tavares Pinto Paiva<br>Banca: Peter James Harris<br>Resumo: Os documentos escolares constituem um dos objetos mais frequentes da Tradução Juramentada. Esta pesquisa, financiada pela FAPESP, tem como objetivos: 1) proceder a um estudo comparado dos sistemas educacionais do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos; 2) realizar o levantamento e análise dos termos em inglês encontrados em documentos escolares que foram traduzidos do português para o inglês sob a forma juramentada; 3) buscar seus equivalentes em português; 4) elaborar um glossário na direção inglês→português dos termos de documentos escolares e 5) verificar qual o grau de equivalência terminológica (lexical) predominante entre a terminologia de documentos escolares dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil. A pesquisa se insere nos campos da Terminologia Bilíngue e da Tradução e teve como base um corpus comparável constituído pelos seguintes conjuntos de documentos: CDETJ-PI (conjunto de documentos escolares traduzidos na forma juramentada do português para o inglês), CDEOI (conjunto de documentos escolares originais em inglês), CDEOP (conjunto de documentos escolares originais em português) e CDETJ-IP (conjunto de documentos escolares traduzidos na forma juramentada do inglês para o português). Esses documentos foram extraídos de Livros de Registros de Tradução Juramentada disponibilizados por três tradutores públicos do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados em inglês e português foram organizados em fichas terminológicas, que nos permitiram comparar o conteúdo semântico dos termos em inglês e dos seus possíveis equivalentes em português. Dos 123 termos selecionados em inglês, 35 (28,5%) não apresentaram equivalentes em português, os casos de equivalência predominaram. Em relação às lacunas terminológicas, verificamos no CDETJ-IP quais foram as soluções adotadas pelos tradutores públicos<br>Abstract: Academic documents are a frequent object of Sworn Translation work. This study, funded by the FAPESP, purports to: (1) provide a comparative study of the Brazilian and US educational systems; (2) identify and analyze the terms in English found in academic documents translated from Portuguese into English which are submitted to the process of sworn translation; (3) determine their equivalents in Portuguese; (4) set up an English → Portuguese dictionary of the relevant terms used in academic documents; and (5) determine the prevailing level of terminological equivalence between the academic terminology employed in the United States as compared to Brazil. Our investigation crisscrosses the domains of Bilingual Terminology and Translation and takes as a starting point a comparable corpus comprising the following set of documents: CDETJ- PI (set of school documents submitted to sworn translation from Portuguese into English), CDEOI (set of original school documents in English), CDEOP (set of original school documents in Portuguese) and CDETJ-IP (set of school documents submitted to sworn translation from English into Portuguese). These texts were excerpted from Books of Sworn Translation Records, made available by three Brazilian sworn translators. Data in English and Portuguese were organized in terminological records, which allowed us to compare the semantic content of terms in English and their possible equivalents in Portuguese. From the 123 terms selected in English, 35 (28.5%) did not have equivalents in Portuguese, the cases of equivalence were predominant. In relation to the terminological gaps, we verified in CDETJ-IP the solutions adopted by sworn translators<br>Doutor
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Delvizio, Ivanir Azevedo [UNESP]. "Equivalência lexical e aspectos morfológicos de termos em português e espanhol do domínio da dermatologia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86585.
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delvizio_ia_me_sjrp.pdf: 2125400 bytes, checksum: 5d504345a44d8f6856a876c2cfe468f5 (MD5)<br>O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi realizar a busca das equivalências em espanhol para um conjunto de termos, em português, da área da Dermatologia, e analisar as relações de equivalência mantidas entre esses termos em uma abordagem contrastiva. Para tanto, tomamos como base os trabalhos de Alpízar-Castillo (1997), Dubuc (1985) e Felber (1987) sobre Terminologia Bilíngüe. Nosso primeiro passo foi realizar um breve estudo sobre a área da Dermatologia para adquirirmos uma visão geral da extensão e dos limites dessa área de especialidade. Em seguida, tratamos de aspectos teóricos da Terminologia, a evolução de seus modelos teóricos, sua vertente bilíngüe e as relações de equivalência mantidas entre termos de duas línguas. Durante a busca das equivalências terminológicas, verificamos que, apesar de muitos termos da língua de partida apresentarem equivalências totais na língua alvo, em alguns casos a relação de equivalência é apenas parcial ou não se produz. As relações de equivalência parcial são motivadas por diferenças relativas não só ao conteúdo semântico, mas também à freqüência, ao uso e às marcas sociolingüísticas. Além disso, observamos que as classificações e subdivisões de uma doença podem variar de um país para outro ou dentro de um mesmo país, de acordo com a visão de cada especialista. De fato, as línguas dispõem de termos mais genéricos ou específicos conforme a necessidade denominativa de sua comunidade. Identificamos, assim, uma variada gama de possibilidades de relações de equivalência entre termos de duas línguas. Outro objetivo de nossa pesquisa era analisar os prefixos e sufixos utilizados na formação desses termos. Nosso trabalho, por isso, desdobra-se em uma segunda parte, dedicada ao estudo desses elementos, onde destacamos suas funções no vocabulário médico e abordamos...<br>The main purpose of this work was to find the equivalents in Spanish for a group of terms of Dermatology, in Brazilian Portuguese, and analyse their relations of equivalence. Our research was based on works of Alpízar-Castillo (1997), Dubuc (1985) and Felber (1987) about Bilingual Terminology. In order to understand the limits and domains of Dermatology, we carried out a brief study on this subject, showing its history, fields and applications. Then, we made a brief review on Terminology theory, Bilingual Terminology and relations of equivalence between terms of different languages. During the search for the equivalents, we identified three basic relations between terms of two languages: (1) total equivalence, (2) partial equivalence and (3) non-equivalence. The partial equivalence relations are motivated by differences related to usage, frequency and social marks. We also observed that the same disease can be classified in different ways in different languages. Specific or general terms are created according to the communication needs of the group. So, there can be a wide range of possibilities of equivalence when terms of two languages are compared. This work also aimed at analysing the prefixes and suffixes of the terms of Dermatology. Thus, on the second part of this work, we studied prefixes and suffixes, outlining their function on medical terminology, and raised some questions about the limits between composition and derivation. We also observed variations between Spanish and Portuguese prefixes and suffixes related to semantic and pragmatic aspects and usage. To sum up, this study may be interesting to those who intend to study medical terminology in a bilingual approach.
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Delvizio, Ivanir Azevedo [UNESP]. "Tradução juramentada de documentos escolares→português: questões culturais, terminológicas e tradutórias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100106.
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delvizio_ia_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2634294 bytes, checksum: d465057c8a6c903906820c350cf9ad25 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Os documentos escolares constituem um dos objetos mais frequentes da Tradução Juramentada. Esta pesquisa, financiada pela FAPESP, tem como objetivos: 1) proceder a um estudo comparado dos sistemas educacionais do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos; 2) realizar o levantamento e análise dos termos em inglês encontrados em documentos escolares que foram traduzidos do português para o inglês sob a forma juramentada; 3) buscar seus equivalentes em português; 4) elaborar um glossário na direção inglês→português dos termos de documentos escolares e 5) verificar qual o grau de equivalência terminológica (lexical) predominante entre a terminologia de documentos escolares dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil. A pesquisa se insere nos campos da Terminologia Bilíngue e da Tradução e teve como base um corpus comparável constituído pelos seguintes conjuntos de documentos: CDETJ-PI (conjunto de documentos escolares traduzidos na forma juramentada do português para o inglês), CDEOI (conjunto de documentos escolares originais em inglês), CDEOP (conjunto de documentos escolares originais em português) e CDETJ-IP (conjunto de documentos escolares traduzidos na forma juramentada do inglês para o português). Esses documentos foram extraídos de Livros de Registros de Tradução Juramentada disponibilizados por três tradutores públicos do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados em inglês e português foram organizados em fichas terminológicas, que nos permitiram comparar o conteúdo semântico dos termos em inglês e dos seus possíveis equivalentes em português. Dos 123 termos selecionados em inglês, 35 (28,5%) não apresentaram equivalentes em português, os casos de equivalência predominaram. Em relação às lacunas terminológicas, verificamos no CDETJ-IP quais foram as soluções adotadas pelos tradutores públicos<br>Academic documents are a frequent object of Sworn Translation work. This study, funded by the FAPESP, purports to: (1) provide a comparative study of the Brazilian and US educational systems; (2) identify and analyze the terms in English found in academic documents translated from Portuguese into English which are submitted to the process of sworn translation; (3) determine their equivalents in Portuguese; (4) set up an English → Portuguese dictionary of the relevant terms used in academic documents; and (5) determine the prevailing level of terminological equivalence between the academic terminology employed in the United States as compared to Brazil. Our investigation crisscrosses the domains of Bilingual Terminology and Translation and takes as a starting point a comparable corpus comprising the following set of documents: CDETJ- PI (set of school documents submitted to sworn translation from Portuguese into English), CDEOI (set of original school documents in English), CDEOP (set of original school documents in Portuguese) and CDETJ-IP (set of school documents submitted to sworn translation from English into Portuguese). These texts were excerpted from Books of Sworn Translation Records, made available by three Brazilian sworn translators. Data in English and Portuguese were organized in terminological records, which allowed us to compare the semantic content of terms in English and their possible equivalents in Portuguese. From the 123 terms selected in English, 35 (28.5%) did not have equivalents in Portuguese, the cases of equivalence were predominant. In relation to the terminological gaps, we verified in CDETJ-IP the solutions adopted by sworn translators
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Westling, Måns. "A Qualitative Descriptive Translation Study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8055.
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<p>This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.</p><p>By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.</p>
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Oliveira, Ana Amélia Furtado de [UNESP]. "Questões de terminologia português-francês de atas de assembleia: uma contribuição à tradução juramentada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86586.
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oliveira_aaf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1536477 bytes, checksum: 127f64078b866c43504fb50b7bc5fbdf (MD5)<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos em nossa pesquisa de Mestrado sobre a terminologia recorrente em atas de assembleias submetidas à tradução juramentada do francês para o português. Para tanto, dispusemos de um córpus de estudo formado por atas de assembleias traduzidas (nomeado por nós CTTJ = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) Traduzidos sob a forma Juramentada). Esse córpus nos foi cedido por tradutores públicos inscritos na Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (JUCESP). Para análise dos termos extraídos no CTTJ e verificação em seu contexto natural de uso, utilizamos também outros dois córpus: um formado por atas originalmente escritas em português (CTOP = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) escritos Originalmente em Português) e o outro formado por atas originalmente escritas em francês (CTOF = Córpus de Textos (atas de assembleia) escritos Originalmente em Francês). Também procedemos ao levantamento de termos com base no CTOP para completação de nossa lista de termos, já que nosso intuito era dispor o resultado da análise em forma de glossário direcionado a tradutores. Esses levantamentos foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Hyperbase, por meio do qual obtivemos uma lista em ordem alfabética das palavras do córpus acompanhadas de seus cotextos (listas de concordâncias). Da análise do conteúdo conceptual dos termos recorrentes e da busca pelos seus equivalentes em francês surgiram reflexões sobre os graus de equivalência terminológica bilíngue. Neste trabalho ficou comprovado que, mesmo se tratando de um domínio relativamente restrito, a equivalência entre termos de duas línguas nem sempre é total, ocorrendo também parcial e ausência de equivalência. Durante a pesquisa, surgiram igualmente questões sobre o modo de tratar os dados terminológicos e os diferentes graus de equivalência...<br>The present work has as main objective to present the results obtained in the Master’s Degree research about the Terminology recurrent on minutes of assemblies submitted for sworn translation from French to Portuguese. Thus, we employed a corpus of study composed by translated minutes of assemblies (named by us CTTJ, Corpus of Translated Texts by Sworn form). This corpus was conceded to us by public translators registered in the Sao Paulo State Commercial Registry (JUCESP). In order to analyze the terms extracted from CTTJ and their validation in the natural context of use, we also used other two corpora: one formed by minutes originally written in Portuguese (CTOP, Corpus of written Text Originally written in Portuguese) and the other formed by minutes originally written in French (CTOF, Corpus of written Texts originally in French). We also preceded a survey based on CTOP for completing our term list, whereas we are aimed to display the results of the analysis in a glossary form focused for translators. These surveys were accomplished with help of Hyperbase software through which an alphabetical order list of the corpus’ words was obtained followed of their co-text. Reflections about the bilingual terminological equivalence emerged from the analysis of the conceptual content of the recurrent terms and the search for their French equivalents. It was proven in the work that, even broaching a relatively restrict domain, the equivalence among terms of two languages it is not always total, also generating partial equivalence and non equivalence. Through the research, questions emerged about the way of treating the terminological data and these differences among terms of both languages in a bilingual glossary. One of the main results of our work was the elaboration of a Portuguese-French glossary of the terms from de domain of assembly minutes which was presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Estling, Hellberg Sanna. "Translating pragmatic markers : or whatever you want to call them." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26149.
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This study analyses the translation of pragmatic markers from English into Swedish. The source text that was translated and used as a basis for the study is an article called “Black Books”, which was published in the British music magazine Prog in January 2013. The study is limited to question tags, general extenders and single-word pragmatic markers. It aims to investigate how these types of pragmatic markers can be translated in a dynamic and natural way, as well as how a careful analysis can facilitate the search for appropriate translation equivalents. Previous research and theories were used to determine the functions of the pragmatic markers in the source text, and the translation choices made on the basis of these findings were supported by corpus searches in the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus and Korp. The study revealed that because of the different ways in which pragmatic functions are expressed in English and Swedish, almost none of the pragmatic markers in the source text could be translated directly into Swedish. Formally equivalent solutions such as tja as a translation of well were generally considered too unnatural. While the study is too small to provide any general guidelines, it shows how a careful analysis may help the translator find more dynamically equivalent and natural solutions in the form of, for instance, other Swedish pragmatic markers, modal particles, adverbs and conjunctions.
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Silva, Francine Ferraz da [UNESP]. "Dicionário bilíngue francês-português do comércio internacional: tratamento terminográfico e reflexões sobre terminologia bilíngue." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124507.
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Adolfsson, Linnea. "Talets och undertextens olika nyanser : En undersökning av strykningar utav modalitet och uttryck för värderingar i adaptionen från tal till undertext." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Svenska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40850.
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The communication regarding the new corona-virus raises questions about availability and plain language. In Sweden, approximately 1.5 million people are in need of this communication through written language due to, inter alia, hearing impairment. Although subtitles are considered one of the most read genres today, it has received little focus in Swedish linguistic research, especially when it comes to intralingual subtitles. However, the communication through subtitles is limited and can lead to information loss. In Sweden, SVT as a public service channel has special requirements to maintain good quality in subtitles but nonetheless omissions are a prerequisite. However, this must never affect the loss of important information. Modality is considered within the Systemic-Functional Linguistics as linguistic tools to create opportunities to shift communication in different degrees and directions. A similar shift in degree can occur in expressions of valuation and opinions. Therefore, modality and valuation are interesting and important to study in a well-known TV- show that communicates, informs and debates about a social-crisis like the Corona-virus. This paper examines modality and expressions of valuation in the adaption from speech to subtitles in the Swedish news-program Agenda (SVT) reporting on the Corona-virus in Sweden and the world. Through the subtitling-shift model created by Sahlin (2001), I examine the omissions of modality and the expressions of valuation. The results show that the communication in subtitles have a weaker emphasis of conflicting opinions, are more objectively constructed and that there is a shift in nuances.