Academic literature on the topic 'Locomotor decline'
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Journal articles on the topic "Locomotor decline"
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Kulmala, Juha-Pekka, Marko T. Korhonen, Sami Kuitunen, Harri Suominen, Ari Heinonen, Aki Mikkola, and Janne Avela. "Which muscles compromise human locomotor performance with age?" Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 100 (November 6, 2014): 20140858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0858.
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Ageing leads to a progressive decline in human locomotor performance. However, it is not known whether this decline results from reduced joint moment and power generation of all lower limb muscle groups or just some of them. To further our understanding of age-related locomotor decline, we compare the amounts of joint moments and powers generated by lower limb muscles during walking (self-selected), running (4 m s −1 ) and sprinting (maximal speed) among young, middle-aged and old adults. We find that age-related deficit in ankle plantarflexor moment and power generation becomes more severe as locomotion change from walking to running to sprinting. As a result, old adults generate more power at the knee and hip extensors than their younger counterparts when walking and running at the same speed. During maximal sprinting, young adults with faster top speeds demonstrate greater moments and powers from the ankle and hip joints, but interestingly, not from the knee joint when compared with the middle-aged and old adults. These findings indicate that propulsive deficit of ankle contributes most to the age-related locomotor decline. In addition, reduced muscular output from the hip rather than from knee limits the sprinting performance in older age.
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Studholme, Keith M., Heinrich S. Gompf, and Lawrence P. Morin. "Brief light stimulation during the mouse nocturnal activity phase simultaneously induces a decline in core temperature and locomotor activity followed by EEG-determined sleep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 304, no. 6 (March 15, 2013): R459—R471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00460.2012.
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Light exerts a variety of effects on mammals. Unexpectedly, one of these effects is the cessation of nocturnal locomotion and the induction of behavioral sleep (photosomnolence). Here, we extend the initial observations in several ways, including the fundamental demonstration that core body temperature (Tc) drops substantially (about 1.5°C) in response to the light stimulation at CT15 or CT18 in a manner suggesting that the change is a direct response to light rather than simply a result of the locomotor suppression. The results show that 1) the decline of locomotion and Tc begin soon after nocturnal light stimulation; 2) the variability in the magnitude and onset of light-induced locomotor suppression is very large, whereas the variability in Tc is very small; 3) Tc recovers from the light-induced decline in advance of the recovery of locomotion; 4) under entrained and freerunning conditions, the daily late afternoon Tc increase occurs in advance of the corresponding increase in wheel running; and 5) toward the end of the subjective night, the nocturnally elevated Tc persists longer than does locomotor activity. Finally, EEG measurements confirm light-induced sleep and, when Tc or locomotion was measured, show their temporal association with sleep onset. Both EEG- and immobility-based sleep detection methods confirm rapid induction of light-induced sleep. The similarities between light-induced loss of locomotion and drop in Tc suggest a common cause for parallel responses. The photosomnolence response may be contingent upon both the absence of locomotion and a simultaneous low Tc.
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Hewitt, Victoria L., Leonor Miller-Fleming, Madeleine J. Twyning, Simonetta Andreazza, Francesca Mattedi, Julien Prudent, Franck Polleux, Alessio Vagnoni, and Alexander J. Whitworth. "Decreasing pdzd8-mediated mito–ER contacts improves organismal fitness and mitigates Aβ42 toxicity." Life Science Alliance 5, no. 11 (July 13, 2022): e202201531. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201531.
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Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs) orchestrate many important cellular functions including regulating mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy and mediating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Here, we identify and functionally characterize the Drosophila ortholog of the recently identified mammalian MERC protein, Pdzd8. We find that reducing pdzd8-mediated MERCs in neurons slows age-associated decline in locomotor activity and increases lifespan in Drosophila. The protective effects of pdzd8 knockdown in neurons correlate with an increase in mitophagy, suggesting that increased mitochondrial turnover may support healthy aging of neurons. In contrast, increasing MERCs by expressing a constitutive, synthetic ER–mitochondria tether disrupts mitochondrial transport and synapse formation, accelerates age-related decline in locomotion, and reduces lifespan. Although depletion of pdzd8 prolongs the survival of flies fed with mitochondrial toxins, it is also sufficient to rescue locomotor defects of a fly model of Alzheimer’s disease expressing Amyloid β42 (Aβ42). Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that MERCs mediated by the tethering protein pdzd8 play a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and neuronal homeostasis.
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GHIDERSA, Mădălina, Diana MOCANU, Mădălina ROBEA, Gabriel PLAVAN, Iuliana LUCA, Alin CIOBICĂ, and Ioannis MAVROUDIS. "Behavioural and Metabolical Changes Associated with the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease in Zebrafish." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Biological Sciences 10, no. 2 (2021): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscibio.2021.2.66.
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Affecting 60% of the people diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that negatively impacts the cognitive function. It is characterised by symptoms as memory loss, locomotor difficulties, behavioural changes, and even rationalization issues. This disease has been studied on both rodents and fishes. Rodents helped science people establish the basic neurobiology of dementia, while fishes (Danio rerio – the zebra fish, especially) were more appropriate as transgenic models. Recent studies proved that transgenically induced Alzheimer’s disease at zebra fishes is not defined only by cognitive decline but also by motor function disorders. Objectives. This study aims to analyse how iron chloride and sucrose impact zebra fishes’ locomotion and memory by using the T maze. Methods. 50 zebra fishes were purchased from a local pisciculturist and randomly divided in 4 experimental groups. They were accommodated in the Ecotoxicology laboratory at “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University for 3 weeks according to the European Union Commission and European Union Council recommendations regarding experimental purposes animals' protection and accommodation. Fishes’ possible behavioural changes were analysed after they were given sucrose and iron chloride separately and in their combination. Results. We observed that sucrose administration negatively impacted the locomotory activity while iron chloride surprisingly increased it. The possible explanation is the fact that iron chloride generated anxiety - an early-stage Alzheimer's disease symptom, and therefore improved fishes' swimming performance. Successive sucrose and iron chloride administration also led to increased locomotor activity.
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Richert, Laura, Mathilde Brault, Patrick Mercié, Frédéric-Antoine Dauchy, Mathias Bruyand, Carine Greib, François Dabis, Fabrice Bonnet, Geneviève Chêne, and Patrick Dehail. "Decline in locomotor functions over time in HIV-infected patients." AIDS 28, no. 10 (June 2014): 1441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000246.
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Dorfman, David, and Michael S. Saag. "Decline in locomotor functions over time in HIV-infected patients." AIDS 28, no. 10 (June 2014): 1531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000302.
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Kawakami, Katsuhiro, Satoshi Tanaka, Yuki Sugiyama, Noriaki Mochizuki, and Mikito Kawamata. "Intrathecal morphine exacerbates paresis with increasing muscle tone of hindlimbs in rats with mild thoracic spinal cord injury but without damage of lumbar α-motoneurons." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): e0273095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273095.
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Adverse effects of morphine on locomotor function after moderate to severe spinal cord injury (SCI) have been reported; however, the effects after mild SCI without damage of lumbar α-motoneurons have not been investigated. We investigated the effects of lumbar intrathecal morphine on locomotor function after mild thoracic SCI and the involvement of classic opioid receptor activation. A mild thoracic contusive SCI was induced in adult rats at the T9-T10 spine level under sevoflurane anesthesia. We evaluated the effects of single doses of intrathecal morphine and selective μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptor agonists, continuous infusion of intrathecal morphine for 72 hours, and administration of physiological saline on locomotor function and muscle tone in the hindlimbs. The numbers of damaged and total α-motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord were also investigated. Single doses of morphine aggravated residual locomotor function after SCI but did not affect functional recovery. Single doses of morphine and μ- and δ-opioid receptor agonists significantly aggravated residual locomotor function with increases in muscle tone after SCI, and the effects of the drugs were reversed by naloxone. In contrast, continuous infusion of morphine led to persistent decline in locomotor function with increased muscle tone, which was not reversed by naloxone, but did not increase the number of damaged lumbar α-motoneurons. These results indicate that a single dose of morphine at an analgesic dose transiently increases muscle tone of the hindlimbs via activation of spinal μ- and δ- opioid receptors, resulting in further deterioration of locomotor function in the acute phase of mild SCI. Our results also suggest that an increased dose of morphine with prolonged administration leads to persistent decline in locomotor function with increased muscle tone via mechanisms other than direct activation of classical opioid receptors. Morphine should be used cautiously even after mild SCI.
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Roda, Elisa, Erica Cecilia Priori, Daniela Ratto, Fabrizio De Luca, Carmine Di Iorio, Paola Angelone, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, et al. "Neuroprotective Metabolites of Hericium erinaceus Promote Neuro-Healthy Aging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126379.
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Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with both locomotor and cognitive decline, typically linked to chronic systemic inflammation, i.e., inflammaging. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a two-month oral supplementation with standardized extracts of H. erinaceus, containing a known amount of Erinacine A, Hericenone C, Hericenone D, and L-ergothioneine, on locomotor frailty and cerebellum of aged mice. Locomotor performances were monitored comparing healthy aging and frail mice. Cerebellar volume and cytoarchitecture, together with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, were assessed focusing on senescent frail animals. H. erinaceus partially recovered the aged-related decline of locomotor performances. Histopathological analyses paralleled by immunocytochemical evaluation of specific molecules strengthened the neuroprotective role of H. erinaceus able to ameliorate cerebellar alterations, i.e., milder volume reduction, slighter molecular layer thickness decrease and minor percentage of shrunken Purkinje neurons, also diminishing inflammation and oxidative stress in frail mice while increasing a key longevity regulator and a neuroprotective molecule. Thus, our present findings demonstrated the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach, based on the dietary supplementation using H. erinaceus extract, which represent a promising adjuvant therapy to be associated with conventional geriatric treatments.
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Steffen, Teresa M., Bradley F. Boeve, Louise A. Mollinger-Riemann, and Cheryl M. Petersen. "Long-Term Locomotor Training for Gait and Balance in a Patient With Mixed Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration." Physical Therapy 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060166.
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Background and Purpose: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are slowly progressive tauopathies characterized by impaired balance, disturbances in gait, and frequent falls, among other features. Wheelchair dependence is an inevitable outcome in people with these disorders. Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of exercise in the management of people with these disorders. This case report describes a program of exercise and long-term locomotor training, using a treadmill (both with and without body-weight support), to reduce falls and improve the balance and walking ability of a patient with mixed PSP and CBD features. Case Description: Six years after diagnosis with mixed PSP and CBD features, the client, a 72-year-old dentist, was seen for physical therapy for asymmetric limb apraxia, markedly impaired balance, and frequent falls during transitional movements. Intervention: Over a 2.5-year period, intervention included routine participation in an exercise group for people with Parkinson disease (mat exercise and treadmill training) and intermittent participation in individual locomotor training on a treadmill. The exercise group met for 1 hour, twice weekly. The individual treadmill sessions lasted 1 hour, once weekly, for two 14-week periods during the follow-up period. Outcomes: Over the 2.5-year period, fall frequency decreased, and tests of functional balance showed improved limits of stability (functional reach tests) and maintained balance function (Berg Balance Scale). Tests of walking performance showed only slight declines. A 4-wheeled walker was introduced and accepted by the client early in the intervention period. The client, with supervision, remained ambulatory with this wheeled walker in the community. Discussion: In this case report of a person with mixed PSP and CBD features, a physical therapy intervention, which included locomotor training using a treadmill and a long-term exercise program of stretching and strengthening, appears to have improved some dimensions of balance, slowed the rate of gait decline, prevented progression to wheelchair dependence, and decreased falls. Contrary to the expected decline in function, this client maintained independent mobility over a 2.5-year period. An ongoing, intensive program of exercise and locomotor training may help people with PSP and CBD maintain upright balance, decrease falls, and decrease the rate of decline of ambulation.
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Askew, Graham N., Federico Formenti, and Alberto E. Minetti. "Limitations imposed by wearing armour on Medieval soldiers' locomotor performance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (July 20, 2011): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0816.
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In Medieval Europe, soldiers wore steel plate armour for protection during warfare. Armour design reflected a trade-off between protection and mobility it offered the wearer. By the fifteenth century, a typical suit of field armour weighed between 30 and 50 kg and was distributed over the entire body. How much wearing armour affected Medieval soldiers' locomotor energetics and biomechanics is unknown. We investigated the mechanics and the energetic cost of locomotion in armour, and determined the effects on physical performance. We found that the net cost of locomotion ( C met ) during armoured walking and running is much more energetically expensive than unloaded locomotion. C met for locomotion in armour was 2.1–2.3 times higher for walking, and 1.9 times higher for running when compared with C met for unloaded locomotion at the same speed. An important component of the increased energy use results from the extra force that must be generated to support the additional mass. However, the energetic cost of locomotion in armour was also much higher than equivalent trunk loading. This additional cost is mostly explained by the increased energy required to swing the limbs and impaired breathing. Our findings can predict age-associated decline in Medieval soldiers' physical performance, and have potential implications in understanding the outcomes of past European military battles.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Locomotor decline"
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Santos, Caroline Peripolli dos. "IMPACTO DA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR SOBRE A APTIDÃO E CAPACIDADE LOCOMOTORA DE GIRINOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5336.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do SulOn the last decades, amphibian populations have been suffering a global decline, and different factors can be related to this process. Parallel observations between the decrease of stratospheric ozone concentration in the late 1970s and amphibian decline in early 1980s aroused interest to study the possible association among increased incidence of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and amphibian decline. The UV radiation has important biological impact on living organisms due to their ability to induce lesions in the DNA molecule, which may result in the induction of mutations or cell death. Photoreactivation is an important DNA repair mechanism that promotes the reversal of UV-induced DNA damage by photolyase enzymes after the absorption of UVA and visible light photons. In this study, we evaluated the biolocial effects of UVB and UVA through morphological, histological, locomotor and survival of Hypsiboas pulchellus (Anura: Hylidae) tadpoles. Tadpoles kept in the laboratory were submitted to acute and chronic treatments, composed of different doses of UVB and UVA exposures. The results of survival curves indicate that the H. pulchellus is very sensitive to UVB radiation comparative to UVA. However, despite the high tadpole survival after UVA, they showed serious malformations after metamorphosis. Tadpoles body weight also suffered influence of different UV radiation doses, however the body length was bit affected. The locomotor capacity (horizontal and vertical speed) of UVB-exposed tadpoles has been significantly changed. In addition, UVB radiation had severe impact on the skin (stratum corneum) and mouth (rows of teeth and jaw sheaths) keratin structures of tadpoles, indicating that these should be important impacts of solar UV radiation in reducing the performance of these organisms. In parallel, it was also possible to observe the extreme importance of activation of photolyases for the repair of DNA damage after treatment with UVB but not UVA. Therefore, in this study, we present a wide characterization of the biological effects of solar UVB and UVA on the performance of H. pulchellus tadpoles.
Durante as últimas décadas, as populações de anfíbios vêm sofrendo um declínio generalizado e diferentes fatores são sugeridos como responsáveis por esse efeito. Observações paralelas entre o rápido decréscimo da concentração do ozônio estratosférico no final da década de 1970, com o declínio de anfíbios no início da década de 1980, despertaram grande interesse para se estudar as possíveis associações entre o aumento da incidência de radiação ultravioleta (UV) na superfície e a redução do número de espécies de anfíbios. Sabe-se que a radiação UV solar tem importante impacto biológico na vida dos organismos devido a sua grande capacidade de induzir lesões na molécula de DNA, que podem levar a indução de mutações ou morte celular. Um dos principais mecanismos de reparo de DNA é a fotorreativação que ocorre por meio das enzimas fotoliases, as quais promovem reversão dessas lesões ao absorver fótons de luz UVA e luz visível. Neste projeto, avaliou-se a ação biológica da radiação UVB e UVA a partir de dados morfológicos, histológicos, locomotores e de sobrevivência de girinos da espécie Hypsiboas pulchellus (Anura: Hylidae). Girinos coletados e mantidos no laboratório foram submetidos a tratamentos agudos e crônicos, compostos por exposições a diferentes doses de luz UVB e UVA. Os resultados de sobrevivência indicam que os girinos de H. pulchellus são muito sensíveis à radiação UVB em relação à UVA. Entretanto, apesar da alta sobrevivência dos indivíduos submetidos à radiação UVA, estes apresentaram sérias malformações em longo prazo. A massa corporal dos girinos também sofreu influência das diferentes doses de radiação UV aplicadas, entretanto o comprimento total foi pouco influenciado. A capacidade locomotora (vertical e horizontal) dos organismos expostos à luz UV foi bastante alterada, onde se destaca a grave redução da atividade locomotora dos indivíduos tratados com radiação UVB. Adicionalmente, a radiação UVB teve impacto severo nas estruturas de queratina da pele (estrato córneo) e da boca (queratodontes e mandíbula) dos girinos, indicando que esses devem ser impactos principais da radiação UV solar na redução da performance desses organismos. Em paralelo, também foi possível observar a extrema importância da ativação das enzimas fotoliases para a reparação dos danos de DNA, assim como os seus efeitos após os tratamentos com radiação UVB, mas não com UVA. Portanto, no presente trabalho, foi possível apresentar uma ampla caracterização dos efeitos biológicos da radiação UVB e UVA solar na performance de girinos de H. pulchellus.
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Lay, Andrea N. "Neuromuscular Coordination during Slope Walking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7507.
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The biomechanics and muscle activity of forward and backward slope walking was investigated in humans to gain additional insight into neural control strategies. An adjustable instrumented ramped walkway was constructed and validated. Kinematic, ground reaction force, and muscle activity data were collected from nine subjects walking at three grades (0%, 15%, and 39%) for each of four conditions (forward upslope and downslope and backward upslope and downslope). The changes observed in the data were generally progressive from 0% to 15% to 39% grade. During forward downslope walking the joint moment pattern at the knee changed significantly, power absorption increased, and changes in the muscle activity patterns corresponded directly to changes in joint mechanics. During forward upslope walking, the hip joint moment pattern changed significantly, power generation increased, and changes in the muscle activity pattern were not directly related to changes in the joint moments at all joints. The muscle activity pattern data suggest that modifications to the level walking control strategies were necessary during slope walking. Backward slope walking was used to further explore these findings. Backward upslope and forward downslope kinematics and kinetics were similar, as were those from backward downslope and forward upslope walking. However, power generation increased during upslope walking tasks and power absorption increased during downslope walking tasks, and the changes in muscle firing patterns were more similar for these tasks than for those with similar kinetics. Increased power generation required compensatory muscle activity at adjacent joints that was not directly related to the moments at those joints; increased power absorption did not require such compensatory activity, and muscle activity was directly related to the joint moments. Overall, these data suggest that changes in the control strategy and/or modifications of the level walking control strategy are strongly influenced by the power demands of a task. The characterization of forward and backward slope walking presented here is novel and has important implications for many patient populations; knowledge of the task mechanics may be used to develop or improve physical therapy and rehabilitation exercise programs as well as the design of replacement and/or assistive devices.
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Pulejo, Concetta. "Declinio dell'efficienza fisica psicomotoria negli anziani-uno studio comparativo basato sulla batteria di test ALFFE (Activity Level Functional Fitness in the Elderly) condotto su tre different popolazioni del Portogallo, Italia e Belgio." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29103.
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Chang, Shu-Hsuan, and 張樹瑄. "retinal degeneration B regulates lifespan and age-related locomotor decline in Drosophila." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xd3vu2.
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Downie, Calum. "Biomechanical, Physiological and Cognitive Factors in Balance Recovery in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42898/.
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Worldwide the population is ageing, and with this there is increased cost of age- related conditions to both the medical system and, importantly, the individual. Falls are a concern amongst this demographic due to potential loss of independence, and even death. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic condition in older adults which increases the risk of falling. Despite 40-50% increased falls risk in people with knee OA, little is known about the mechanism of balance recovery in this group and what comprises a stable response to perturbation when simulating falls. There is also little understanding of the influences of pain and executive function on biomechanical responses to perturbation in this group. Importantly, there has been no investigation, to date, for predicting falls in older adults with knee OA using biomechanical parameters related to balance. The aims of this thesis were to investigate (1) the differences in balance response during induced falls in people with knee OA compared to asymptomatic controls in three trial conditions, (2) the relationship between pain and executive function on balance response, (3) the prediction of falls in older adults with knee OA using the biomechanical parameters associated with balance recovery.
Forty-eight older people with knee OA (age average 71.02 ± 6.76 years, BMI average 29.10 ± 4.58 kg/m2, 54% females) and 15 asymptomatic older adults (age average 72.47 ± 4.81 years, BMI average 26.17 ± 3.06 kg/m2, 27% females) were recruited. Participants were placed in an induced lean position and were required to recovery balance when released. Spatio-temporal, upper, and lower limb kinematic and kinetic variables were analysed and compared between the two groups in three different trial types: no additional challenge (neither cognitive nor physical dual-task challenge), cognitive dual-task challenge, and physical dual-task challenge. A convenience sample of 24 OA participants was also selected to complete pain questionnaires and executive function assessments. Finally, participants in the convenience sample completed 12 months prospective falls calendars following baseline data collection. Based on reports of falls in this period, the sample was classified into fallers and non-fallers. The biomechanical measures during balance recovery and other data such as medication usage and patient demographics were used to fit a logistic regression model to predict fallers and non-fallers.
When compared to controls, in all conditions, the OA group showed (1) slower and reduced spatio-temporal responses, (2) less ability to absorb impact forces at the knee, and (3) reduced ability to correct motion of the upper body posture. When compared to no additional challenge trials, in the dual-tasking trials there was (4) slower and smaller spatio-temporal responses and (5) greater knee power absorption, and (6) there was significantly reduced knee motion in the OA group. There was some correlation between unstable balance response and pain, in particular reduced hip flexion angular velocity and increased fear of severe pain (moderate positive, p = .02), and increased fear of total pain (moderate positive, p = .03). There was no correlation between unstable response and executive function. Finally, high centre of mass velocity and negative (extension) knee moment during balance recovery tasks were found to be good predictors of falls in older adults with knee OA. The relationship between extension knee moment and prediction of falls was stronger in women.
The results from this thesis revealed that, compared to asymptomatic controls, older adults with knee OA took slower and shorter steps, and had a more upright posture following perturbation. Despite the deleterious influence of the spatio-temporal measures arising from the shorter and slower steps, this upright position of the trunk appears to play a part in increasing stability in the OA group via controlling motion of the two thirds of the body’s mass. Increased fear and interference from pain was correlated with lower hip flexion angle, which may also play a part in upright posture. Modelling results suggest a combination of upper body kinematics (velocity of centre of mass) and lower limb kinetics (knee extension moment) could be used to predict future falls in older women with knee OA.
Book chapters on the topic "Locomotor decline"
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Heckel-Reusser, S. "Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBH): Historical Aspects, Current Use, and Future Perspectives." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 143–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_11.
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AbstractWhole-body hyperthermia (WBH), induced by passive heating, and active fever therapy induced by pyrogenic drugs, have been accepted as therapy of various diseases for many decades. However, the introduction of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs caused the interest in this traditional therapy to decline. The development of modern WBH using infrared irradiation (IR) started in the 1960s.Three levels of hyperthermia differ fundamentally in practical implementation, mechanisms of action, and indications. Mild WBH is stress-free and aims mainly to muscle relaxation and increased perfusion in the locomotor system. Fever-range whole-body hyperthermia (FRWBH) requires a more extensive nursing care due to major thermoregulatory stress. FRWBH is applied for stimulation of anti-tumor immune responses and for anti-inflammatory effects in case of chronic inflammation. Moreover, anti-depressive effects of FRWBH could recently be shown. Extreme WBH needs an intensive care environment and aims to the direct damage of cancer cells or therapy-resistant pathogens. In general, inconsistent effects of WBH on blood perfusion must be taken into account if combined with medication.Two commercially available medical WBH devices both use water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA), but deviate in the practical implementation. Contraindications and the risk of side effects differ essentially between the three levels and must carefully be observed.
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Hubli, Michèle, and Volker Dietz. "Spinal neuronal dysfunction after deprivation of supraspinal input." In Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, 67–75. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0008.
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The comprehension of basic spinal neuronal alterations after central nervous system lesions, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke, enables us to optimize rehabilitative approaches for affected subjects. Adverse changes in spinal neuronal function are best investigated by recordings of spinal reflexes (SR) and locomotor electromyography (EMG). In the first few weeks after an SCI, neither locomotor nor SR activity can be evoked. Once spinal shock has resolved, an early SR component can be re-evoked and locomotor EMG activity reappears in response to appropriate peripheral input. In a more chronic stage of SCI, however, alterations in SR components are accompanied by a decline of EMG amplitude in the leg muscles during assisted locomotion. It is assumed that not only the deprivation of supraspinal input but also of the lack of meaningful proprioceptive input to spinal neuronal networks account for such alterations in chronic immobilized individuals with SCI..A critical combination of sensory cues through appropriate training strategies seems to prevent the development of spinal neuronal dysfunction and to improve locomotor ability.
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Hubli, Michèle, and Volker Dietz. "Spinal neuronal dysfunction after deprivation of supraspinal input." In Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, edited by Volker Dietz, Nick S. Ward, and Christopher Kennard, 83–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198824954.003.0008.
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A central nervous system lesion can lead to remote structural and functional changes which may limit functional recovery. For example, after a spinal cord injury (SCI) structural and functional alterations of spinal neuronal networks take place: in the first weeks after an SCI, neither locomotor nor spinal reflex (SR) activity can be evoked. Once spinal shock has resolved, an early SR component can be re-evoked and locomotor electromyography (EMG) activity re-appears when appropriate proprioceptive input is provided. In a more chronic stage of SCI alterations in SR components are accompanied by a decline of EMG amplitude in the leg muscles during assisted locomotion. According to rodent experiments it is assumed that the deprivation of supraspinal input and the lack of meaningful proprioceptive input to spinal neuronal networks account for such alterations. A critical combination of sensory cues through physiological training strategies might prevent the development of an undirected neural plasticity.
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Hayes, Nicky, and Julie Whitney. "Managing Mobility." In Adult Nursing Practice. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697410.003.0034.
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This chapter addresses the fundamental nursing role in the management of mobility. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to assess mobility needs, to select and implement evidence-based strategies to maintain mobility or assist mobility, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care. Mobility is the ability to move around independently. The most readily recognizable component of mobility is locomotion—the ability to walk. It includes transition from one position to another, which is necessary to allow walking to be incorporated into functional activities. Examples of transitions are moving from sitting to standing and from standing to lying down. Virtually all bodily systems are required for safe and effective mobility. Maintaining higher levels of physical activity has been associated with reduced mortality and morbidity from many common diseases (Gregg et al., 2003). People with higher levels of physical activity are less likely to suffer or die from cardiovascular disease (Kesaniemi et al., 2001), have reduced risk of all types of stroke (Wendel-Vos et al., 2004a; 2004b), gain less weight, are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes, breast or colon cancer, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, falls, and depression (Kesaniemi et al., 2001; Thune and Furberg, 2001). Beneficial effects on cognition have also been documented, the most physically active having 20% lower risk of cognitive decline (Weuve et al., 2004; Yaffe et al., 2001). Maintaining good physical activity levels is associated with generalized well-being, and improved physical function, ability to perform activities of daily living, and walking distance. An active person is less likely to be disabled and is more likely to be independent. There is a lower incidence of depression in people who remain active, and physical activity is known to reduce the symptoms of clinical depression (Kesaniemi et al., 2001). For these reasons, it is important for nurses to promote the benefits of appropriate physical activity as part of their health promotion role. The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association recommends levels of physical activity required to maintain good health (Box 23.1).