Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low voltage distribution system

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Low voltage distribution system'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

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Mohammed, Jamal Abdul-Kareem, Arkan Ahmed Hussein, and Sahar R. Al-Sakini. "Voltage disturbance mitigation in Iraq's low voltage distribution system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp47-60.

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<p>Power distribution network in Iraq still suffers from significant problems regarding electricity distribution level. The most important problem is the disturbances that are occurring on lines voltages, which in turn, will negatively affect sensitive loads they feed on. Protection of these loads could be achieved efficiently and economically using the dynamic voltage restorer DVR when installed between the voltage source and load to inject required compensation voltage to the network during the disturbances period. The DVR mitigates these disturbances via restoring the load voltage to a pre-fault value within a few milliseconds. To control the DVR work, dq0 transformation concept and PID method with sinusoidal pulse-width modulation SPWM based converter had been used to correct the disturbances and thus enhance the power quality of the distribution network. The DVR performance was tested by MATLAB/Simulink with all kinds of expected voltage disturbances and results investigated the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>
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Fan, Yan Li, and Qing En Li. "Design of Low-Voltage Power Distribution System." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1889.

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The low-voltage distribution system is the key component of the electrical power system. Some analysis and research of the low-voltage distribution system is carried out in this paper, which provides some scientific basis to design the low-voltage distribution system. Firstly, the summarize of low-voltage distribution system is taken. The influence to productions and livings of low-voltage distribution system is introduced. Secondly, the mode of connection and design philosophy of low-voltage distribution system is studied in detail, especially the high-rise buildings low-voltage distribution system is concluded and summarized.
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Shyam Sundar, S., and Shailesh Kapoor. "Loss Analysis of Conversion from Low Voltage Distribution System to High Voltage Distribution System." Power Research - A Journal of CPRI 16, no. 1 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33686/pwj.v16i1.152545.

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Michishita, Koji. "Lightning Overvoltage on Low-Voltage Distribution System." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 131, no. 6 (2011): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.131.481.

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Matsuda, Katsuhiro, Masaru Wada, Shinichiro Hirano, et al. "Development of an Analysis System for Low Voltage Distribution System." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 125, no. 10 (2005): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.125.957.

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Sun, Mei. "Study of Intelligent Monitoring System of Low-Voltage Power Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.781.

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With the development of domestic low-voltage power distribution technology, people have an increasingly higher demand on the intelligence of low-voltage power distribution cabinet. Combined with the authors several years of experience of practice, this thesis first of all makes a brief analysis of the general situation of power distribution system automation, followed by a key analysis and conclusion of the characteristics of the existing low-voltage monitoring mode. Based on it, digital signal processor with strong floating point calculation ability, a new low-voltage intelligent monitoring system is designed.
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Furuse, M., S. Fuchino, N. Higuchi, and I. Ishii. "Feasibility Study of Low-Voltage DC Superconducting Distribution System." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 15, no. 2 (2005): 1759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2005.849275.

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Hu Xie, Hong, and Qiong Chen. "Development of Distributed Low Voltage Distribution Remote Monitoring System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1550 (May 2020): 052011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1550/5/052011.

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Vélez M., Víctor M., Ricardo A. Hincapíe I., and Ramón A. Gallego R. "Low voltage distribution system planning using diversified demand curves." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 61 (October 2014): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.04.019.

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Pullaguram, Deepak, Sukumar Mishra, and Nilanjan Senroy. "Coordinated single-phase control scheme for voltage unbalance reduction in low voltage network." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2100 (2017): 20160308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0308.

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Low voltage (LV) distribution systems are typically unbalanced in nature due to unbalanced loading and unsymmetrical line configuration. This situation is further aggravated by single-phase power injections. A coordinated control scheme is proposed for single-phase sources, to reduce voltage unbalance. A consensus-based coordination is achieved using a multi-agent system, where each agent estimates the averaged global voltage and current magnitudes of individual phases in the LV network. These estimated values are used to modify the reference power of individual single-phase sources, to ensure system-wide balanced voltages and proper power sharing among sources connected to the same phase. Further, the high X / R ratio of the filter, used in the inverter of the single-phase source, enables control of reactive power, to minimize voltage unbalance locally. The proposed scheme is validated by simulating a LV distribution network with multiple single-phase sources subjected to various perturbations. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Energy management: flexibility, risk and optimization’.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

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Navaneethan, Senthivadivelu. "Automatic fault location system for low voltage underground distribution networks." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21540.

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This thesis presents a novel approach to automating Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR) waveform acquisition and automatic TDR based fault location in Low Voltage (450-1000V) Underground Distribution Networks (LVUDNs). First, the types of faults that occur in LVUDN and previously available fault location techniques are discussed and their relative advantages and limitations described. Adaptive Filter theory, Wavelet Transform Theory and Fuzzy Logic are presented. Software is developed to automate: checking of the test lead connections, adjusting the internal balance network to match the cable surge impedance, blown fuse detection and backfeed identification, auto recording and storage of data, and voltage and current triggering for transient faults. Software is also developed for both direct and remote control of the instrument via a standard telephone line, GSM modem or direct serial link. Adaptive and fuzzy based, and wavelet based automatic fault location systems are developed. Both systems pre-process the TDR waveforms by using a simple thresholding technique to identify single phase tees and to locate three phase faults. The adaptive and fuzzy based system uses an adaptive filter to produce a composite waveform from the healthy and faulty TDR waveforms and the fault distance is calculated using the composite waveform. If the result produces more than one possible fault distance either from the TDR waveforms or the error waveforms, the system uses fuzzy reasoning to find a common fault distance. In the wavelet based fault location process the TDR waveforms are split into four multi-scales before applying the adaptive filtering and calculating the fault distance using a selected scale. To improve the accuracy of fault distance calculation, local mean and gradient techniques are used in the adaptive and fuzzy based fault location system and latter technique is used in the wavelet enhanced fault location system. The performances of both systems were tested using data from a cable model and from real LVUDNs and gave an accuracy of ±4.3m of the actual fault distance.
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Youssef, Rida Daniel. "Interactive graphic design of low voltage distribution systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260933.

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Uriarte, Fabian. "Modeling, Detection, and Localization of High-Impedance Faults In Low-Voltage Distribution Feeders." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30810.

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High-impedance faults (HIFs) on distribution feeders are abnormal electrical conditions that cannot be detected by conventional protection schemes. These faults pose a threat on human lives when neighboring objects become in contact with the lineâ s bare and energized conductors. An accurate electrical model for a HIF is implemented to investigate typical patterns in the lineâ s current that allow for the detection of these faults. The occurrence of HIFs is detected with harmonic-current phase analysis and localized with recloser-sectionalizer technology as presented in this work. A sectionalizer algorithm is then presented showing the decision criteria for HIF declaration and shown to discriminate against nominal behavior in distribution feeders of similar harmonic content. Finally, it is shown that the algorithm will not produce a misreading when a current transformer enters saturation.<br>Master of Science
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Navarro, Espinosa Alejandro. "Low carbon technologies in low voltage distribution networks : probabilistic assessment of impacts and solutions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/low-carbon-technologies-in-low-voltage-distribution-networks-probabilistic-assessment-of-impacts-and-solutions(cc5c77df-54fe-4c1c-a599-3bbea8fbd0c1).html.

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The main outcome of this research is the development of a Probabilistic Impact Assessment methodology to comprehensively understand the effects of low carbon technologies (LCTs) in low voltage (LV) distribution networks and the potential solutions available to increase their adoption. The adoption of LCTs by domestic customers is an alternative to decreasing carbon emissions. Given that these customers are connected to LV distribution networks, these assets are likely to face the first impacts of LCTs. Thus, to quantify these problems a Monte Carlo-based Probabilistic Impact Assessment methodology is proposed in this Thesis. This methodology embeds the uncertainties related to four LCTs (PV, EHPs, µCHP and EVs). Penetration levels as a percentage of houses with a particular LCT, ranging from 0 to 100% in steps of 10%, are investigated. Five minute time-series profiles and three-phase four-wire LV networks are adopted. Performance metrics related to voltage and congestion are computed for each of the 100 simulations per penetration level. Given the probabilistic nature of the approach, results can be used by decision makers to determine the occurrence of problems according to an acceptable probability of technical issues. To implement the proposed methodology, electrical models of real LV networks and high resolution profiles for loads and LCTs are also developed. Due to the historic passive nature of LV circuits, many Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) have no model for them. In most cases, the information is limited to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) typically produced for asset management purposes and sometimes with connectivity issues. Hence, this Thesis develops a methodology to transform GIS data into suitable computer-based models. In addition, thousands of residential load, PV, µCHP, EHP and EV profiles are created. These daily profiles have a resolution of five minutes. To understand the average behaviour of LCTs and their relationship with load profiles, the average peak demand is calculated for different numbers of loads with and without each LCT.The Probabilistic Impact Assessment methodology is applied over 25 UK LV networks (i.e., 128 feeders) for the four LCTs under analysis. Findings show that about half of the studied feeders are capable of having 100% of the houses with a given LCT. A regression analysis is carried out per LCT, to identify the relationships between the first occurrence of problems and key feeder parameters (length, number of customers, etc.). These results can be translated into lookup tables that can help DNOs produce preliminary and quick estimates of the LCT impacts on a particular feeder without performing detailed studies. To increase the adoption of LCTs in the feeders with problems, four solutions are investigated: feeder reinforcement, three-phase connection of LCTs, loop connection of LV feeders and implementation of OLTCs (on-load tap changers) in LV networks. All these solutions are embedded in the Probabilistic Impact Assessment. The technical and economic benefits of each of the solutions are quantified for the 25 networks implemented.
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Salomonsson, Daniel. "Modeling, Control and Protection of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Elektriska energisystem, Electric Power Systems, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4666.

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Vai, Vannak. "Planning of low voltage distribution system with integration of PV sources and storage means : case of power system of Cambodia." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT044/document.

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La consommation d'énergie augmente d'année en année en raison de la croissance de la population et des conditions économiques. Afin de répondre aux besoins de la population et de la société d'utiliser l'électricité, le Gouvernement Cambodgien a mis en place la politique de promotion et d'encouragement du développement de l’électrification ; tous les villages auront de l'électricité d'ici 2020 et au moins 70% des domiciles auront accès à la bonne qualité du réseau électrique d'ici 2030. Pour réussir ces objectifs, l'étude et le développement de la méthodologie du réseau de distribution basse tension (BT) sont étudiés. Cette thèse étudie la planification du réseau de distribution BT avec intégration de Photovoltaïque (PV) et de stockage d’énergie de batterie (BES). La première partie est développée la méthode de planification à long terme pour tacler le défi de l'incertitude sur la charge en zone urbaine ;le nouvel algorithme a été développé pour rechercher l'architecture optimale de minimisation du coût d’investissement (CAPEX) et d’exploitation (OPEX) qui respecte l'ensemble de contraintes topologies et électriques (courant et tension) grâce à la programmation linéaire mixte en nombres entiers à contraintes quadratiques (PLMNECQ), le plus court chemin , first-fit bin-packing, et la méthode de Monte-Carlo. La deuxième partie est traité de l'extension de la zone de couverture de l'électricité avec deux solutions possibles, sont le renforcement du réseau et l'intégration de PV-BES pour le village rural ; l'algorithme génétique (GA) et la technique itérative ont été codés pour rechercher l’emplacement et la capacité. La dernière partie du travail est concentrée sur la planification du réseau de distribution résidentielle BT pour les zones non électrifiées aux rural et urbain grâce à l'architecture optimale et l'intégration de PV-BES sur l'horizon de planification<br>The energy consumption is increasing year by year due to the growth of population and the economic conditions. In order to meet the need of population and society to use electricity, the Cambodian government has established the policy to promote and encourage the development of electrification; all the villages will have electricity by the year 2020, and at least 70% of households will have access to grid quality by the year 2030. To achieve these goals, the study and development of methodology on the Low-Voltage (LV) distribution system are investigated. This thesis studies the planning of LV distribution system with integration of Photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage (BES). The first part is developed the long-term planning method to tackle the challenge of load demand uncertainty in urban area; the novel algorithm was developed to search for the optimal architecture of minimizing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and the operation expenditure (OPEX) which respects to the set of topology and electrical (current and voltage) thank to mixed integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP), shortest-path, first-fit bin-packing, and Monte-Carlo method. The second part is dealt with the extension of electricity coverage area with two possible solutions which are grid reinforcement and integration of PV-BES for rural village; the Genetic algorithm (GA) and iterative technique were coded to search for location and sizing. The last part is concentrated on the planning of residential low-voltage distribution system in both rural and urban for non-electrified area thanks to the optimal architecture and PV-BES integration over the planning horizon
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Chen, Fang. "Control of DC Power Distribution Systems and Low-Voltage Grid-Interface Converter Design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77532.

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DC power distribution has gained popularity in sustainable buildings, renewable energy utilization, transportation electrification and high-efficiency data centers. This dissertation focuses on two aspects of facilitating the application of dc systems: (a) system-level control to improve load sharing, voltage regulation and efficiency; (b) design of a high-efficiency interface converter to connect dc microgrids with the existing low-voltage ac distributions, with a special focus on common-mode (CM) voltage attenuation. Droop control has been used in dc microgrids to share loads among multiple sources. However, line resistance and sensor discrepancy deteriorate the performance. The quantitative relation between the droop voltage range and the load sharing accuracy is derived to help create droop design guidelines. DC system designers can use the guidelines to choose the minimum droop voltage range and guarantee that the sharing error is within a defined range even under the worst cases. A nonlinear droop method is proposed to improve the performance of droop control. The droop resistance is a function of the output current and increases when the output current increases. Experiments demonstrate that the nonlinear droop achieves better load sharing under heavy load and tighter bus voltage regulation. The control needs only local information, so the advantages of droop control are preserved. The output impedances of the droop-controlled power converters are also modeled and measured for the system stability analysis. Communication-based control is developed to further improve the performance of dc microgrids. A generic dc microgrid is modeled and the static power flow is solved. A secondary control system is presented to achieve the benefits of restored bus voltage, enhanced load sharing and high system efficiency. The considered method only needs the information from its adjacent node; hence system expendability is guaranteed. A high-efficiency two-stage single-phase ac-dc converter is designed to connect a 380 V bipolar dc microgrid with a 240 V split-phase single-phase ac system. The converter efficiencies using different two-level and three-level topologies with state-of-the-art semiconductor devices are compared, based on which a two-level interleaved topology using silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs is chosen. The volt-second applied on each inductive component is analyzed and the interleaving angles are optimized. A 10 kW converter prototype is built and achieves an efficiency higher than 97% for the first time. An active CM duty cycle injection method is proposed to control the dc and low-frequency CM voltage for grounded systems interconnected with power converters. Experiments with resistive and constant power loads in rectification and regeneration modes validate the performance and stability of the control method. The dc bus voltages are rendered symmetric with respect to ground, and the leakage current is reduced. The control method is generalized to three-phase ac-dc converters for larger power systems.<br>Ph. D.
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Gutierrez, Lagos Luis Daniel. "Advanced voltage control for energy conservation in distribution networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advanced-voltage-control-for-energy-conservation-in-distribution-networks(2718dcf1-f5db-45df-84e2-4890956ba8b1).html.

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The increasing awareness on the effect of carbon emissions in our planet has led to several countries to adopt targets for their reduction. One way of contributing to this aim is to use and distribute electricity more efficiently. In this context, Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR), a well-known technique that takes advantage of the positive correlation between voltage and demand to reduce energy consumption, is gaining renewed interest. This technique saves energy by only reducing customer voltages, without relying on customer actions and, therefore, can be controlled by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO). CVR not only brings benefits to the electricity system by reducing generation requirements (fewer fossil fuel burning and carbon emissions), but also to customers, as energy bill reductions. The extent to which CVR can bring benefits mainly depends on the customers load composition and their voltages. While the former dictates the voltage-demand correlation, the latter constraints the voltage reduction that can be applied without violating statutory limits. Although CVR has been studied for many years, most of the studies neglect the time-varying voltage-demand characteristic of loads and/or do not assess end customer voltages. While these simplifications could be used to estimate CVR benefits for fixed and limited voltage reductions, realistic load and network models are needed to assess the performance of active CVR schemes, where voltages are actively managed to be close to the minimum limit. Moreover, distribution networks have been traditionally designed with limited monitoring and controllability. Therefore, CVR has been typically implemented by adopting conservative voltage reductions from primary substations, for both American and European-style networks. However, as new infrastructure is deployed in European-style LV networks (focus of this work), such as monitoring and on-load tap changers (OLTCs), the opportunity arises to actively manage voltages closer to end customer (unlocking further energy savings). Although these technologies have shown to effectively control voltages in LV networks, their potential for CVR has not been assessed before. Additionally, most CVR studies were performed in a context where distributed generation (DG) was not common. However, this has changed in many countries, with residential photovoltaic (PV) systems becoming popular. As this is likely to continue, the interactions of residential PV and CVR need to be studied. This thesis contributes to address the aforementioned literature gaps by: (i) proposing a simulation framework to characterise the time-varying voltage-demand correlation of individual end customers; (ii) developing a process to model real distribution networks (MV and LV) from DNO data; (iii) adopting a Monte Carlo-based quantification process to cater for the uncertainties related to individual customer demand; (iv) assessing the CVR benefits that can be unlocked with new LV infrastructure and different PV conditions. To accomplish (iv), first, a simple yet effective rule-based scheme is proposed to actively control voltages in OLTC-enabled LV networks without PV and using limited monitoring. It is demonstrated that by controlling voltages closer to customers, annual energy savings can increase significantly, compared to primary substation voltage reductions. Also, to understand the effect of PV on CVR, a centralized, three-phase AC OPF-based CVR scheme is proposed. This control, using monitoring, OLTCs and capacitors across MV and LV networks, actively manages voltages to minimize energy consumption in high PV penetration scenarios whilst considering MV-LV constraints. Results demonstrate that without CVR, PV systems lead to higher energy imports for customers without PV, due to higher voltages. Conversely, the OPF-based CVR scheme can effectively manage voltages throughout the day, minimising energy imports for all customers. Moreover, if OLTCs at secondary substations are available (and managed in coordination with the primary substation OLTC), these tend to regulate customer voltages close to the minimum statutory limit (lower tap positions), while the primary OLTC delivers higher voltages to the MV network to also reduce MV energy losses.
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Heunis, Schalk W. (Schalk Willem). "The analysis and quantifiaction of uncertainty for least life-cost electrical low voltage distribution design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51937.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this dissertation is to provide methods for designing and managing low voltage residential feeders. These methods can be applied to the problem of planning residential networks under uncertainty while ensuring least life-cycle costs. By analysing collected load data from various communities in South Africa, a new probabilistic model for representing the load uncertainty of residential consumers was derived. This model uses the beta probability distribution to describe individual consumer loads over a period of time. Methods for combining the loads in linear combinations were used to derive a new probabilistic voltage regulation calculation procedure. This new method is different from previously developed voltage calculation methods in that it can be used to estimate the probable voltage performance of a feeder over a period of time. A simplification of the method is proposed which allows it to be implemented in any commercial spreadsheet program. The new probabilistic load model was also applied to the problem of calculating resistive losses in residential low voltage feeders. A new probabilistic method was formulated and this method can be used to estimate the probable range of resistive loss in a feeder for a period of time. This method is simple enough to implement in a commercial spreadsheet program. Probabilistic information about network and load parameter uncertainty is seldom available and these uncertainties are best modelled using fuzzy numbers. The probabilistic calculation methods cannot represent these uncertainties and only after applying a fuzzy-probabilistic approach can both types of uncertainties be used. This is a significant enhancement to the current methods and ensures that the uncertainty about the calculated results is realistically represented. The specification of load parameters for the methods was significantly simplified following a regression analysis of collected load data from South African communities. By specifying the distribution of the consumption of individual consumers in a community, the other load parameters can be estimated using a set of fitted linear regression equations. This greatly reduces the burden of specifying the load parameters and makes it possible for the proposed calculation methods to be applied to the design of new feeders in practice. The distribution of the consumption of individual consumers can be specified using the average and the standard deviation of the consumptions of individual consumers. Accurate estimates of these parameters can be obtained from sales information and can be used to manage existing networks effectively. Using the sales information with the proposed methods enables more cost-effective upgrades of existing feeders low voltage feeders. The identification of potential problems in existing low voltage networks is also possible if the layout of the feeders in a community is known. The use of the proposed methods is illustrated in step-by-step fashion. Typical input parameters are used and all the required calculations with intermediate results are presented.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is die daarstelling van residensiële laagspanningsnetwerk ontwerp- en bestuursmetodes. Hierdie metodes kan toegepas word vir die beplanning van residensiële laagspanningsnetwerke waar onsekerheid bestaan oor toekomstige kragverbruik en die spesifikasie van die netwerkparameters. Lasdata, wat versamel is in verskeie Suid Afrikaanse gemeenskappe, is geanaliseer en 'n nuwe probabilistiese modellering van die onsekerheid oor die kragverbruik van residensiële verbruikers is ontwikkel. Gebruik is gemaak van die beta waarskynlikheidsdightheidsfunksie om die tydsgebonde kragverbruik van die verbruikers voor te stel. 'n Nuwe probabilistiese spanningsvalberekeningsmetode is ontwikkel en die metode maak gebruik van liniêre kombinasies van die lasstrome van die verbruikers. Die verskil tussen hierdie metode en bestaande metodes is dat dit die tydsgebonde waarskynlikheid van die spanningsregulasie van 'n kabel kan bereken. 'n Vereenvoudiging van die metode is ook verkry en dit kan in enige kommersiële sigblad geïmplementeer word. Die probabilistiese lasstroommodel is ook gebruik om 'n nuwe probabilistiese energieverliesberekeningsmetode te ontwikkel. Hierdie metode kan gebruik word om die tydsgebonde waarskynlikhede van 'n reeks van moontlike energieverlieswaardes te bereken. Die metode is eenvoudig genoeg om in enige kommersiële sigblad te implementeer. Onsekerheid oor die spesifikasie van die parameters van die nuwe metodes asook die netwerkparameters kan nie met probabilistiese metodes voorgestel word nie, aangesien inligting oor die waarskynlikhede van parameters selde beskikbaar is. Hierdie onsekerhede kan beter voorgestel word deur die gebruik van sogenaamde "fuzzy"-metodes. Die voorgestelde probabilistiese metodes is aangepas om hierdie tipe onsekerhede ook in ag te neem. "Fuzzy-probabilistic" metodes is gebruik vir dié aanpassings en word beskou as 'n noemenswaardige verbetering van die metodes. Die verbeterde metodes verkaf meer realistiese voorstellings van die onsekerheid oor berekende resultate. 'n Statisitiese analise van Suid Afrikaanse lasdata het 'n vereenvoudiging van die spesifisering van die parameters van die nuwe metodes tot gevolg gehad. Die waarskynlikheidsverspreiding van die energieverbruik van huishoudelike verbruikers kan gebruik word om akkurate skattings van die ander parameters te verkry. Hierdie vereenvoudiging het tot gevolg dat die nuwe metodes vir praktiese netwerkontwerp gebruik kan word. Die waarskynlikheidsverpreiding van die energieverbruik van verbuikers is beskikbaar in die vorm van energieverkope en kan gebruik word vir die effektiewe bestuur en opgradering van bestaande netwerke. As die uitleg van die bestaande netwerke in 'n gemeenskap beskikbaar is, kan die inligting wat bevat is in die energieverkope gebruik word om probleme in bestaande netwerke te identifiseer. Al die voorgestelde metodes is stap vir stap uiteengesit met voorbeelde van al die berekeninge met tipiese waardes.
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Karrari, Shahab [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Noe. "Integration of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems in Low Voltage Distribution Grids / Shahab Karrari ; Betreuer: M. Noe." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238147925/34.

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Books on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

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Kussy, Frank W. Design fundamentals for low-voltage distribution and control. M. Dekker, 1987.

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Brannon, Raymond James. An investigation into data communication via low voltage mains distribution systems. Universityof East London, 1995.

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Brannon, Raymond James. An investigation into data communication via low voltage mains distribution systems. Faculty ofTechnology, University of East London, 1995.

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Nguyen, Khue Hoanh. Damping power system low frequency oscillations via controlled quadrature-phase voltage injection. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Mayfield, Terry E. Computerized diagnostic analyzer for SSBN 726 class Low Voltage DC Weapon Power System. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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1945-, Brodersen Robert W., ed. Low-power CMOS wireless communications: A wideband CDMA system design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Feng li fa dian xi tong di dian ya yun xing ji shu: Wind power system low voltage ride through technology. Ji xie gong ye chu ban she, 2009.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Over-pressure of Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company low-pressure distribution system, Chicago, Illinois, January 17, 1992. National Transportation Safety Board, 1993.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Over-pressure of Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company low-pressure distribution system, Chicago, Illinois, January 17, 1992. National Transportation Safety Board, 1993.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Over-pressure of Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company low-pressure distribution system, Chicago, Illinois, January 17, 1992. National Transportation Safety Board, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

1

Ding, Jiafeng, Jing Liu, Xinmei Li, et al. "A Remote Phase Change System for Low-Voltage Power Distribution Area." In Advances in Intelligent, Interactive Systems and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02804-6_4.

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Barkavi, K., and Prithak Kumar Bhattacharyya. "Online Insulation Monitoring of Low-Voltage Unearthed Distribution Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7241-8_1.

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Bernal Alzate, Efrain, Diana Lancheros-Cuesta, and Zihao Huang. "Cyber-Attack Mitigation on Low Voltage Distribution Grids by Using a Novel Distribution System State Estimation Approach." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53021-1_11.

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Shahnia, Farhad, Peter Wolfs, and Arindam Ghosh. "Smart Inter-Phase Switching of Residential Loads in Low Voltage Distribution Feeders." In Computational Intelligence for Decision Support in Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-36-1_11.

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Dias, Alex Sander Leocádio, and Israel Gondres Torné. "Automatic Balancing System of Single-Phase Consumer Units Connected to the Low-Voltage Distribution Network." In Proceedings of the 5th Brazilian Technology Symposium. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57548-9_9.

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Šemić, Edin, Mirza Šarić, and Tarik Hubana. "Influence of Solar PVDG on Electrical Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Network." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71321-2_5.

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Shahnia, Farhad, Michael T. Wishart, and Arindam Ghosh. "On-line Demand Management of Low Voltage Residential Distribution Networks in Smart Grids." In Computational Intelligence for Decision Support in Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-36-1_10.

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Hua, Jing, Yan-Ping Zhou, Wei Xiong, Lin Niu, and Xu Zhao. "Intelligent Diagnosis of Middle and Low Voltage Distribution Network Fault Based on Big Data." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15235-2_122.

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Camilo, Fernando M., Rui Castro, M. E. Almeida, and V. Fernão Pires. "Impact of Self-consumption and Storage in Low Voltage Distribution Networks: An Economic Outlook." In Technological Innovation for Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31165-4_42.

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Ouali, Saad, and Abdeljabbar Cherkaoui. "Optimal Placement of Wind and Solar Generation Units in Medium and Low Voltage Distribution Systems." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11928-7_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

1

Deutsch, T., A. Einfalt, T. Leber, and F. Kupzog. "Pilot system intelligent low voltage grid." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1162.

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Ahmed, M. M., and W. L. Soo. "Customized SCADA system for low voltage distribution automation system." In 2009 Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/td-asia.2009.5357001.

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Matsuura, Kosuke, Hisao Taoka, Ryosuke Kato, and Rikiya Abe. "Digital grid in low-voltage distribution system." In 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2015.7286613.

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Werther, B., A. Becker, J. Schmiesing, and E. A. Wehrmann. "Voltage control in low voltage systems with controlled low voltage transformer (CLVT)." In CIRED 2012 Workshop: Integration of Renewables into the Distribution Grid. IET, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0821.

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Ahmed, Musse Mohamud. "Electrical Distribution Automation System for Low Voltage (LV) System." In 2006 IEEE International Power and Energy Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pecon.2006.346711.

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Roman, M. "Active control system of the energy in low voltage distribution networks." In 14th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 1997 - Distributing Power for the Millennium). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19970595.

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Nidhiritdhikrai, Raksanai, Kulyos Audomvongseree, and Bundhit Eua-arporn. "Loss assessment in a low-voltage distribution system." In 2009 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2009.5136955.

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Lohjala, J., T. Kaipia, J. Lassila, and J. Partanen. "The three voltage level distribution using the 1000 V low voltage system." In 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20051299.

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Kaipia, T., J. Partanen, A. Mattsson, et al. "A System Engineering Approach to Low Voltage DC Distribution." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1164.

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Hai, Trinh Phi, Hector Cho, Il-Yop Chung, Jintae Cho, and Juyong Kim. "Development of voltage control system for multi-terminal low-voltage DC distribution system." In 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2017.8086018.

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Reports on the topic "Low voltage distribution system"

1

Liu, E., and J. Bebic. Distribution System Voltage Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924648.

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Zube, Dieter M., and Dan Fye. Low Bus Voltage Hydrazine Arcjet System for Geostationary Satellites. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408186.

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Johnson, Jay Tillay, Adam Summers, Rachid Darbali-Zamora, et al. Optimal Distribution System Voltage Regulation using State Estimation and DER Grid-Support Functions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1638511.

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Bernstein, Dorel. A HIGH STABILITY, LOW NOISE RF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/800031.

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Ding, Fei, Adarsh Nagarajan, Sudipta Chakraborty, et al. Photovoltaic Impact Assessment of Smart Inverter Volt-VAR Control on Distribution System Conservation Voltage Reduction and Power Quality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337541.

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Palmintier, Bryan, Julieta Giraldez, Kenny Gruchalla, et al. Feeder Voltage Regulation with High-Penetration PV Using Advanced Inverters and a Distribution Management System: A Duke Energy Case Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331479.

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Robledo, Ana, and Amber Gove. What Works in Early Reading Materials. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0058.1902.

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Abstract:
Access to books is key to learning to read and sustaining a love of reading. Yet many low- and middle-income countries struggle to provide their students with reading materials of sufficient quality and quantity. Since 2008, RTI International has provided technical assistance in early reading assessment and instruction to ministries of education in dozens of low- and middle-income countries. The central objective of many of these programs has been to improve learning outcomes—in particular, reading—for students in the early grades of primary school. Under these programs, RTI has partnered with ministry staff to produce and distribute evidence-based instructional materials at a regional or national scale, in quantities that increase the likelihood that children will have ample opportunities to practice reading skills, and at a cost that can be sustained in the long term by the education system. In this paper, we seek to capture the practices RTI has developed and refined over the last decade, particularly in response to the challenges inherent in contexts with high linguistic diversity and low operational capacity for producing and distributing instructional materials. These practices constitute our approach to developing and producing instructional materials for early grade literacy. We also touch upon effective planning for printing and distribution procurement, but we do not consider the printing and distribution processes in depth in this paper. We expect this volume will be useful for donors, policymakers, and practitioners interested in improving access to cost-effective, high-quality teaching and learning materials for the early grades.
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Eliminate Excessive In-Plant Distribution System Voltage Drops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020335.

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Eliminate Excessive In-Plant Distribution System Voltage Drops, Motor Systems Tip Sheet #8 (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056741.

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