Academic literature on the topic 'Massachusetts Institution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
1
Ross Hardesty, Jared. "An Ambiguous Institution: Slavery, the State, and the Law in Colonial Massachusetts." Journal of Early American History 3, no. 2-3 (2013): 154–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00301002.
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This essay examines the impact the state had in shaping slavery in colonial Massachusetts. Like other parts of the early modern English-speaking world, there was no legal precedent for slavery, meaning that positive law had to enforce and define the institution. Even more problematic for Massachusetts, however, the colonial assembly passed few statutes regarding slavery, leaving it to the courts and town selectmen to govern slavery on an ad hoc and informal basis. As opposed to strict slave codes in the Southern colonies, the legally ambiguous status of slavery in Massachusetts allowed slaves to make use of a legal system that granted them the right to a fair trial and full legal recourse. By using the courts, then, African-Americans created an innovative and effective path to freedom by the late colonial period.
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KIM, SUKKOO. "Institutions and US regional development: a study of Massachusetts and Virginia." Journal of Institutional Economics 5, no. 2 (August 2009): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409001295.
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AbstractThe development of the American economy was accompanied by significant spatial income inequalities between the northern and southern regions. While many factors contributed to northern industrialization and southern stagnation, an important factor was differences in the region's institutions. In the North, a democratic institution fostered growth whereas in the South, oligarchic institutions favored status quo. To gain insights on the nature and causes of this divergence, this paper examines the development of political and legal institutions in Massachusetts and Virginia, the two leading states in the North and the South.
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Sbaratta, Philip. "Confessions from a Community College." Harvard Educational Review 55, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.55.3.a103132u07864762.
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In this essay Philip Sbaratta reflects upon his interactions as a community college English instructor in Beverly, Massachusetts. These vignettes offer a poignant view of teaching in an institution that has a unique place in the American educational system.
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Gewin, Virginia. "Susan Avery, president and director, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts." Nature 450, no. 7169 (November 2007): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7169-582a.
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Mort, Elizabeth, Jeffrey Bruckel, Karen Donelan, Lori Paine, Michael Rosen, David Thompson, Sallie Weaver, Daniel Yagoda, and Peter Pronovost. "Improving Health Care Quality and Patient Safety Through Peer-to-Peer Assessment: Demonstration Project in Two Academic Medical Centers." American Journal of Medical Quality 32, no. 5 (October 23, 2016): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860616673709.
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Despite decades of investment in patient safety, unintentional patient harm remains a major challenge in the health care industry. Peer-to-peer assessment in the nuclear industry has been shown to reduce harm. The study team’s goal was to pilot and assess the feasibility of this approach in health care. The team developed tools and piloted a peer-to-peer assessment at 2 academic hospitals: Massachusetts General Hospital and Johns Hopkins Hospital. The assessment evaluated both the institutions’ organizational approach to quality and safety as well as their approach to reducing 2 specific areas of patient harm. Site visits were completed and consisted of semistructured interviews with institutional leaders and clinical staff as well as direct patient observations using audit tools. Reports with recommendations were well received and each institution has developed improvement plans. The study team believes that peer-to-peer assessment in health care has promise and warrants consideration for wider adoption.
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Smith, Joshua M. "The Yankee Soldier's Might: The District of Maine and the Reputation of the Massachusetts Militia, 1800–1812." New England Quarterly 84, no. 2 (June 2011): 234–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00088.
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In post-Revolutionary Massachusetts, the militia was a well-respected institution. So when the commonwealth expanded into the far-flung District of Maine, Jeffersonians and Federalists battled one another for the plum. As external forces bred internal dissent, the militia fell into disarray just as the country drifted toward another war with England.
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Baker, Gabrielle M., M. Angelica Selim, and Mai P. Hoang. "Vulvar Adnexal Lesions: A 32-Year, Single-Institution Review From Massachusetts General Hospital." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0434-oa.
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Context.—Because the skin and modified mucosal surfaces of the vulvar region contain dense apocrine glands and anogenital mammary-like glands, in addition to eccrine glands and folliculosebaceous units, benign as well as malignant lesions derived from these adnexal structures are, not surprisingly, found in the vulva. However, their incidence occurring in the vulva has not been reported, to our knowledge. Objective.—To determine the incidence of various vulvar adnexal lesions. Design.—We performed a retrospective review (1978–2010) of the cases at our institution. Results.—A total of 189 vulvar adnexal lesions were identified. Most of these lesions were benign (133 of 189; 70%), with hidradenoma papilliferum being the most common, followed by syringoma and various types of cysts. Rare cases of tubular adenoma, poroma, spiradenoma, hidradenoma, cylindroma, sebaceoma, and trichoepithelioma were identified. Malignant adnexal neoplasms comprised the remaining 30% (56 of 189) of the cases. Extramammary Paget disease was the most common (49 of 56), and 29% (14 of 49) demonstrated an invasive component. Rare cases of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma were identified. Conclusions.—In this retrospective review, we identified several benign entities that have not been previously reported on the vulva, namely pilomatricoma, poroma, spiradenoma, and sebaceoma. Hidradenoma papilliferum and extramammary Paget disease were the most common benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms, respectively. The spectrum of various vulvar adnexal lesions appears to reflect the frequency of the underlying glandular elements.
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Stanton, Timothy K. "Joint graduate education program: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4899924.
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OKA, Noriko. "Educational Reform in the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind : Music Education." Japanese Journal of Special Education 40, no. 6 (2003): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.40.689.
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Unwin, Patrick R., and Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, no. 1 (July 28, 2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.
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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
1
Fewings, Melanie Rinn. "Cross-shelf circulation and momentum and heat balances over the inner continental shelf near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42066.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-267).
The water circulation and evolution of water temperature over the inner continental shelf are investigated using observations of water velocity, temperature, density, and bottom pressure; surface gravity waves; wind stress; and heat flux between the ocean and atmosphere during 2001-2007. When waves are small, cross-shelf wind stress is the dominant mechanism driving cross-shelf circulation. The along-shelf wind stress does not drive a substantial cross-shelf circulation. The response to a given wind stress is stronger in summer than winter. The cross-shelf transport in the surface layer during winter agrees with a two-dimensional, unstratified model. During large waves and onshore winds the crossshelf velocity is nearly vertically uniform, because the wind- and wave-driven shears cancel. During large waves and offshore winds the velocity is strongly vertically sheared because the wind- and wave-driven shears have the same sign. The subtidal, depth-average cross-shelf momentum balance is a combination of geostrophic balance and a coastal set-up and set-down balance driven by the cross-shelf wind stress. The estimated wave radiation stress gradient is also large. The dominant along-shelf momentum balance is between the wind stress and pressure gradient, but the bottom stress, acceleration, Coriolis, Hasselmann wave stress, and nonlinear advection are not negligible. The fluctuating along-shelf pressure gradient is a local sea level response to wind forcing, not a remotely generated pressure gradient. In summer, the water is persistently cooled due to a mean upwelling circulation. The cross-shelf heat flux nearly balances the strong surface heating throughout mid-summer, so the water temperature is almost constant. The along-shelf heat flux divergence is apparently small. In winter, the change in water temperature is closer to that expected due to the surface cooling. Heat transport due to surface gravity waves is substantial.
by Melanie Rinn Fewings.
Ph.D.
2
Pilkington, Christopher. "The architecture of the unwanted : crisis in the implementation of the community-scale institution case study: mental health facilities in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88805.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: p. [120]
by Christopher Pilkington.
M.S.
3
Bello, Susan M. "Characterization of resistance to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in a population of Fundulus heteroclitus from a marine superfund site." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84930.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-210).
by Susan M. Bello.
Ph.D.
4
Carruthers, Emily A. "Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems : an example from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69471.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-74).
Coastal barriers are particularly susceptible to the predicted effects of accelerated of sea-level rise and the potential for increased impacts of intense storms. Over centennial scales, barriers are maintained via overtopping during storms, causing deposition of washover fans on their landward sides. This study examines three washover fans on the south shore of Martha's Vineyard using a suite of data including vibracores, ground penetrating radar, high resolution dGPS, and LiDAR data. From these data, the volumes of the deposits were determined and range from 2.1-2.4 x 10⁴ m³. Two overwashes occurred during Hurricane Bob in 1991. The water levels produced by this storm have a return interval of ~28 years, resulting in an onshore sediment flux of 2.4-3.4 m³/m/yr. The third washover was deposited by a nor'easter in January 1997, which has a water level return interval of ~6 years, resulting in a flux of 8.5 m³/m/yr. These fluxes are smaller than the flux of sediment needed to maintain a geometrically stable barrier estimated from shoreline retreat rates, suggesting that the barrier is not in long-term equilibrium, a result supported by the thinning of the barrier over this time interval.
by Emily A. Carruthers.
S.M.
5
Canovas, Peter A. "The redox and iron-sulfide geochemistry of Salt Pond and the thermodynamic constraints on native magnetotactic bacteria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38202.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-68).
Salt pond is a meromictic system with an outlet to the sea allowing denser seawater to occupy the monimolimnion while the mixolimnion has relatively low salinity and is the site of greater mixing and microbial activity. The density contrast between the two layers allows for a unique geochemical environment characterized by steep redox gradients at the interface. This chemocline is a habitat for magnetotactic bacteria (MB), and the spatial and temporal distribution of MB in the system along with geochemical (Fe2+, H2S, pH, 02 (aq), etc.) profiles have been analyzed from 2002 - 2005. It has been previously observed that magnetite-producing cocci occupy the top of the chemocline and greigite-producing MB occur at the base of the chemocline and in the sulfidic hypolimnion. This distribution may be attributed to analyte profiles within the pond; depth profiles show a sudden drop of dissolved oxygen (DO) at the chemocline associated with an increase in dissolved Fe (II) concentrations that peak where both 02 and H2S are low. In the sulfidic hypolimnion, Fe (II) concentrations decrease, suggesting buffering of Fe(II) by sulfide phases.
(cont.) Maximum concentrations of iron (II) and sulfide are 3 1 gM and 3 mM, respectively. Stability diagrams of magnetite and greigite within EH/pH space and measured voltammetric data verify fields of incomplete oxidation resulting in the production of elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and polysulfides. Calculations of the Gibbs free energy in the Salt Pond chemocline for potential microbial redox reaction involving iron and sulfur species indicate abundent potential energy available for metabolic growth. Oxidation of ferrous iron to ferrihydrite in the upper region of the chemocline consistantly has a yield of over -250 kJ/mol 02 (aq), - 12.5 times the proposed 20 kJ/mol minimum proposed by Schink (1997) necessary to sustain metabolic growth. This translates into biomass yields of ~ 0.056 mg dry mass per liter of upper chemocline water. If these numbers are applied to the dominant bacteria of the chemocline (MB that are 3% dry weight iron) then there could be up to ~ 1.68 mg of iron per liter of upper chemocline water just in the MB.
(cont.) This iron can be permanently sequestered by MB into the sediments after death because the organelles containing the iron phases are resistant to degredation. Geochemical and microbial processes relating to the cycling of iron heavily impact this system and perhaps others containing a chemocline that divides the water column into oxic and anoxic zones.
by Peter A. Canovas, III.
S.M.
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Gutierrez, Benjamin Thomas. "Relative sea-level rise and the development of channel-fill and shallow-water sequences on Cape Cod, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55058.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-63).
Channel-fill sediments located in shallow-water off the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, provide a record of the late-Pleistocene and Holocene geological evolution in a post-glacial setting. Though conventionally difficult to sample adequately and anticipated to have low preservation potential, channel-fill sequences record in some detail differing relative sea-level and sedimentation processes. Two distinct channel-fill sequences record differing sequence stratigraphies, and hence different origins and post glacial histories. These sequences have accumulated in channels eroded into two different late-Pleistocene glacial units. The first fill-type was encountered in channels on the upper portions of the channel network in northern half of the study site. Channels in this portion of the channel system were incised into the late-Pleistocene glacial outwash substrate by spring sapping Uchupi and Oldale, 1994. The channel-fill sequences are comprised of a transgressive systems tract composed of a consistent sequence of coastal embayment and shoreline facies that have succeeded one another in response to Holocene relative sea-level rise. As relative sea-level flooded these paleo-channels, marsh environments were established in response to rising relative sea-level. With continued sea-level rise, the marsh environments migrated farther up channel. The exposed paleo-channels continued to flood, accommodating quiet water coastal embayments, likely protected from wave action by barrier beaches located more seaward. As relative sea-level rise continued, the coastline was driven landward over regions within the paleo-channels that formerly accommodated marsh and embayment sedimentation. The landward migration of the coastline was indicated by beach and barrier facies that covered the fine grained coastal embayment sediments. With further relative sea-level rise, beach and barrier settings were eroded as the shoreface migrated farther landward and nearshore marine deposition by wave and tidal flows ensued. Sedimentary environments similar to those recorded in the channels are found in modern coastal embayments on the south shore of Cape Cod. The second channel-fill type, which forms part of the southern and western portion of the channel network is more difficult to relate to the previously described sequence. The channels that contain fill were not adequately defined in this survey but were probably incised during the late-Pleistocene in response to ice melting and retreat. The sediments that make up this channel-fill are composed mainly of late-Pleistocene glaciolacustrine silts and clays. Sediments that make up the Holocene transgressive systems tract are limited to the upper meter of this channel sequence. They are composed of two sand units that reflect Holocene beach and nearshore sedimentation. The absence of coastal embayment and other paralic facies from the systems tract suggests that these channels did not accommodate protected embayments or that these sediments were not well preserved during the submergence of this region. Changes in the channel orientation or in the rate of relative sea-level rise may have contributed to this difference in sediment fill.
by Benjamin Thomas Gutierrez.
M.S.
7
Greaves, Robert J. "Seismic scattering of low-grazing-angle acoustic waves incident on the seafloor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53039.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 423-433).
The goal of this thesis is to develop a methodology to interpret sound scattered from the seafloor in terms of seafloor structure and subseafloor geological properties. Specifically, this work has been directed towards the interpretation of matched-filtered, beam-formed monostatic acoustic reverberation data acquired on the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge when the seafloor is insonified by a band-limited, lowgrazing- angle acoustic pulse. This research is based on the hypothesis that observed backscatter signals are produced by a combination.of seafloor (interface) scattering and subseafloor (volume) scattering from structure having variations at scale lengths similar to the wavelength of the insonifying acoustic field. Analysis of monostatic reverberation data acquired during the Site A experiment (Run 1) of the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program 1993 Acoustics Cruise suggests that the scattered signals cannot be accounted for quantitatively in terms of large-scale slope, even though a strong correspondence between high intensity backscatter and seafloor ridges is observed. In order to investigate and quantify the actual sources of seafloor scattering, a numerical modeling study of seafloor models is undertaken using a finitedifference solution to the elastic wave equation. Geological data available at Site A and published reports describing geological properties of similar deep ocean crustal regions are used to develop a realistic seafloor model for the study area with realistic constraints on elastic parameters. Wavelength-scale heterogeneity in each model, in the form of seafloor roughness and subseafloor volume heterogeneity is defined using stochastic distributions with Gaussian autocorrelations. These distributions are quantified by their correlation lengths and standard deviation in amplitude. In order to incorporate all seafloor structure in a single parameterization of seafloor scattering, large-scale slope and wavelength-scale seafloor spatial parameters (rms height and correlation length), are included, along with the acoustic beam grazing-angle relative to a horizontal seafloor, in the definition of an 'effective grazing angle'. The Rayleigh roughness parameter, which depends on grazing angle of the insonification, is then redefined using the effective grazing angle and calculated for a variety of seafloor models. Scattering strengths are shown to vary systematically but nonlinearly with the 'effective Rayleigh roughness parameters' of horizontal rough seafloor models. This leads to an approximate interpretation scheme for backscatter intensity. In general, variation in backscattering is found to be dominated by the scattering from rough seafloor. If the seafloor is smooth or very low velocity (e.g., sediment), then scattering from volume heterogeneity becomes an important factor in the backscattered field. Both wavelength-scale seafloor roughness and volume heterogeneity are shown to be capable of producing the levels of variation in intensity observed in monostatic reverberation experiments. Variations in large-scale seafloor slope and subseafloor average velocity are shown to influence the backscatter response of seafloor models.
by Robert John Greaves.
Ph.D.
8
Hassler, Deborah Renee 1961. "Plume-lithosphere interaction : geochemical evidence from upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths from the Kerguelen Islands." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54434.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
This study is a geochemical investigation of the evolution of the Kerguelen plume, on the basis of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths. Ultramafic xenoliths include harzburgites predominant, a lherzolite, dunites and pyroxenites, whereas lower crustal xenoliths are cumulate gabbros recrystallized under granulite facies conditions. On the basis of the whole rock major element characteristics and trace element abundance patterns in clinopyroxenes, the harzburgites were found to be residues of extensive melting at high pressures within the Kerguelen plume. These were then recrystallized at low pressures and metasomatized by plume generated melts. Details of the metasomatic process were determined from trace element variations in clinopyroxene in connection to texture. This demonstrated that meltrock reaction and the precipitation of new clinopyroxenes occurred by metasomatic carbonatitic melts. It was also found that some of the harzburgites had distinctly unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions and were identified as originating from the sub-Gondwanaland lithosphere. On the basis of major and trace element compositions, the granulite xenoliths were found to be originally gabbroic cumulates formed from plume-derived basaltic melts emplaced at the base of the crust by underplating and subsequently recrystallized isobarically under granulite conditions. The Sr, Nd and Os isotopic compositions of the peridotite and granulite xenoliths demonstrate that the Kerguelen plume is isotopically heterogeneous and displays a temporal progression toward more enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions from the Ninetyeast Ridge to granulite xenoliths to Kerguelen basalts and Heard Island basalts.
by Deborah Renee Hassler.
Ph.D.
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Orescanin, Mara S. M. (Mara Ssphia Morgenstern). "Hydrodynamics of a multiple tidal inlet system : Katama Bay, Martha's Vineyard, MA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101536.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-92).
Observations, theoretical models, and a numerical model (ADCIRC) are used to investigate the effects of tides, waves, bay bathymetry, and changing inlet geometry on the hydrodynamics of the multiple-inlet Katama system, Martha's Vineyard, MA. Momentum fluxes from breaking waves drive water into the inlet, nearly stopping the 2 m/s ebb currents during a hurricane. The evolving morphology of Katama Inlet has a dominant effect on tidal distortion and bay circulation. As Katama inlet lengthened, narrowed, and shoaled between 2011 and 2014, the relative effects of friction (observed and simulated) increased greatly, resulting in reduced circulation energy, an increase in the M6 tidal constituent, and changes in velocity asymmetries that are consistent with an evolution from flood to ebb dominance. The effects of changing inlet parameters (e.g., inlet geometry, bay bathymetry, friction, tidal forcing) are quantified via a lumped element model that accounts for the presence of a shallow flood shoal that limits flow from the ocean into the bay. As the difference in depth between inlet and flood shoal increases, the amplitude and phase of the incoming tide are increasingly modified from predictions without a flood shoal, and flows into the bay are further hindered.
by Mara S. M. Orescanin.
Ph. D.
10
Aluwihare, Lihini Indira. "High molecular weight (HMW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater : chemical structure, dources and cycling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53038.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.Includes bibliographical references.
The goal of this thesis was to use high resolution analytical techniques coupled with molecular level analyses to chemically characterize high molecular weight (> 1 k Da (HMW)) dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from seawater in an attempt to provide new insights in to the cycling of DOM in the ocean. While a variety of sites spanning different environments (fluvial, coastal and oceanic) and ocean basins were examined, the chemical structure of the isolated HMW DOM varied little at both the polymer and monomer levels. All samples show similar ratios of carbohydrate:acetate:lipid carbon (80±4:10±2:9±4) indicating that these biochemicals are present within a family of related polymers. The carbohydrate fraction shows a characteristic distribution of seven major neutral monosaccharides: rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose; and additionally contains Nacetylated amino sugars as seen by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). This family of compounds, consisting of a specifically linked polysaccharide backbone that is acylated at several positions, has been termed acylated polysaccharides (APS) by our laboratory. APS accounts for 50% of the carbon in HMW DOM isolated from the surface ocean and 20% of the carbon in HMW DOM isolated from the deep ocean. In order to identify a possible source for APS three species of phytoplankton, Thalassiossira weissflogii, Emiliania huxleyi and Phaeocystis, were cultured in seawater and their HMW DOM exudates examined by variety of analytical techniques. Both the T. weissflogii and E. huxleyi exudates contain compounds that resemble APS indicating that phytoplankton are indeed a source of APS to the marine environment. Furthermore, the degradation of the T. weissflogii exudate by a natural assemblage of microorganisms indicates that the component resembling APS is more resistant to microbial degradation compared to other polysaccharides present in the culture. Molecular level analyses show the distribution of monosaccharides to be conservative in surface and deep waters suggesting that APS is present throughout the water column. In order to determine the mechanism by which APS is delivered to the deep ocean the [delta]14C value of APS in the deep ocean was compared to the A14C value of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at the same depth. If the formation of deep water is the dominant mode of transport then both the DIC and APS will have similar [delta]14C values. However, if APS is injected into the deep ocean from particles or marine snow then the [delta]14C value of APS will be higher than the DIC at the same depth. Our results indicate that APS in the deep Pacific Ocean carries a modem [delta]14C value and is substantially enriched in 14C relative to the total HMW DOM and the DIC at that depth. Thus, particle dissolution appears to be the most important pathway for the delivery of APS to the deep ocean.
by Lihini I. Aluwihare.
Ph.D.
Books on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
1
Massachusetts. General Court. Senate. Committee on Ways and Means. The Bridgewater correctional complex: A policy report of the Senate Committee on Ways and Means. Boston: The Committee, 1987.
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2
Massachusetts. Legislative Sub-Committee on M.C.I.-Norfolk. Final report: Legislative Sub-Committee on M.C.I.-Norfolk. Boston, Mass: The Committee, 1987.
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3
Massachusetts. General Court. Joint Committee on Human Services and Elderly Affairs. Sub-Committee on M.C.I. Norfolk. Final report. [Boston: The Sub-Committee, 1987.
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4
Bissonette, Jamie. When the prisoners ran Walpole: A true story in the movement for prison abolition. Cambridge, Mass: South End Press, 2008.
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5
Bissonette, Jamie. When the prisoners ran Walpole: A true story in the movement for prison abolition. Cambridge, Mass: South End Press, 2008.
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6
Massachusetts. Division of Capital Planning and Operations. MWRA's Walpole residuals landfill impact on local Department of Correction facilities. Northampton, Mass.]: Almer Huntley Associates, 1993.
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7
Rocheleau, Ann Marie. Evaluation of substance abuse programming at MCI-Cedar Junction. [Boston]: Massachusetts Dept. of Correction, 1988.
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8
Dear America: Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: The Diary of Bess Brennan. New York: Scholastic, 2002.
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9
Denenberg, Barry. Mirror, mirror on the wall: The diary of Bess Brennan. New York: Scholastic, 2002.
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10
Hospital, Massachusetts Working Group on Bridgewater State. Report of the Working Group on Bridgewater State Hospital. Boston: Massachusetts Executive Office of Human Services, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
1
Freeland, Richard M. "From State College to University System: The University of Massachusetts, 1945–1973." In Academia's Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195054644.003.0013.
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The conditions of the golden age liberated Massachusetts State College from the forces that had restricted its development since the nineteenth century. In spurts of growth linked to demographic and political cycles, M.S.C. mushroomed from a limited-purpose college into a comprehensive university and from a single campus in Amherst into a multicampus system, with units in Worcester and Boston and a statewide president’s office. By the end of the period, UMass seemed finally to have joined its counterparts in western states as a full-fledged public university in the land grant tradition, with strong programs of graduate education and research built on a large undergraduate base and linked to public service activities of applied research and nondegree instruction. The evolutionary process remained incomplete, however, and Massachusetts was still Massachusetts. The state’s nonelite private institutions watched the public expansion nervously and organized to protect their interests. Other components of the public system, including the state colleges and a new network of community colleges, vied for support from an intensely politicized government still unsure of its role in higher education. Though the effort during the 1930s to transform Massachusetts State College into a full public university had ended in failure when the General Court shelved the enabling legislation, the university movement had gained important ground. In particular, by the end of the prewar decade, the loose coalition of students, alumni/ae, and organized labor that had kept the movement alive had stirred public interest and won support from the college’s trustees as well as its president, Hugh Potter Baker. Baker himself, with his roots in the scientific-technical traditions of land grant education, had been slow to endorse a broadened conception of his institution but once converted had become an eloquent and persistent advocate. Believing, despite his disappointment over the legislature’s inaction, that World War II would foster increased interest in higher education and create new opportunities for M.S.C., Baker used his annual reports during the war to reiterate the central arguments of the university movement: that, in comparison with other states, Massachusetts was not providing adequate support for public higher education; that demand for places at the college far exceeded enrollment capacity; that the region’s private institutions were not prepared to respond to the need; and that large numbers of Massachusetts residents were being forced to attend public universities in other states.
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Freeland, Richard M. "Academic Development and Social Change: Higher Education in Massachusetts before 1945." In Academia's Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195054644.003.0007.
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In October 1948, James B. Conant, president of Harvard, journeyed from Cambridge across the Charles River to address the fiftieth anniversary convocation of Northeastern University. Though the ceremonies on N.U.’s new Hungtington Avenue campus occurred only two miles from Conant’s offices in Harvard Yard, in academic terms the two settings could not have been separated by a greater distance. Harvard was the nation’s richest and most distinguished institution of higher education, the alma mater of generations of regional and national leaders in government, business, and academia. Northeastern, only recently cut loose from the Y.M.C.A., still struggling to obtain proper facilities, was an obscure, local school offering practical training to working-class students. Indeed, Conant’s appearance at Northeastern eloquently symbolized the variations that existed among institutions that called themselves “universities” in the United States at the end of World War II, and Harvard’s president made these differences the subject of his talk, which he titled “Diversity in American Education.” Conant’s speech was a hymn to institutional variety as an academic characteristic particularly appropriate for a democracy. “There would be a contradiction in terms,” Conant said, “if we had an American system,” in the sense of an organization “logically constructed, well-integrated ... and administered from the top down” like those of continental Europe. The opportunity of individuals from any background to better their positions in this country’s “fluid and free society” would be inhibited by centralization. For Conant, the colleges and universities of Massachusetts illustrated democratic higher education at its best. “We have here in this section of New England,” he observed,...a number of academic organizations designed to provide educational facilities for young men and women... These institutions are diverse in their history and their specific objectives and cover a wide spectrum of educational opportunity. Between us there are but few gaps in the type of advanced instruction we offer. We each have our own mission.. . Taken as a whole [we] represent as diversified a program of post-high school education as can be found in the United States. In celebrating the variability of the nation’s universities, Conant found an ideal way to narrow the embarrassing difference in status between himself and his hosts.
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Gellman, Mneesha. "Higher Education Access and Parity." In Higher Education Accessibility Behind and Beyond Prison Walls, 47–66. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3056-6.ch003.
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This chapter presents the educational intervention of the Emerson Prison Initiative, which offers a pathway to a Bachelor of Arts in Media, Literature, and Culture to incarcerated students at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Concord. A program of Emerson College, the Emerson Prison Initiative serves Emerson's mission to increase educational access for historically marginalized students, including those in prison, and maintains rigorous standards for academic excellence for students and faculty comparable to those at Emerson's Boston-based campus. The Emerson Prison Initiative is rooted in the notion that access to a college education can help transform how people engage in the world.
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Gaskell, Ivan. "Joining the club: a Tongan ‘akau in New England." In Curatopia, 176–90. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526118196.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the place of Oceanic clubs in New England collections. During the nineteenth century, they occupied an equivocal position in the New England mental repertory as indices of savage sophistication, and as souvenirs of colonial childhood or travel. Focusing on a Tongan ‘akau tau in the collection of the Chatham Historical Society on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this chapter traces what can be known of its history as a highly regarded prestige gift item among New Englanders from the middle of the nineteenth century until its entry into the museum. As a thing that an early owner could alienate legitimately, its presence in Chatham is not unethical, yet it nonetheless imposes stewardship responsibilities—consultation with the originating community—that such a small institution is poorly placed to meet. This requires understanding and patience rather than disapprobation.
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Belvadi, Anilkumar. "A Pedagogical Testament." In Missionary Calculus, 124–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052423.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 describes the efforts of American missionaries in putting together a philosophy of education for the new institution they intended to create in India. Since their views, materials, and organizational model were borrowed from the American experience, the chapter first reviews the functioning of the Sunday school in America. Between 1827 and 1838, beginning in Massachusetts, public schools came to be secularized. With the teaching of the Bible effectively proscribed in public schools, the American Sunday School Union, organized in 1824 and supported by several Protestant denominations, found that by 1838, it was obliged to work outside of the public-school system. As an institution dedicated to Christian and moral education, and, around the time of the Civil War as a public counseling center, it enjoyed broad support. By 1872, American Sunday school leaders had created a bureaucratized organization patterned after the very secular forces they had fought, as well as an elaborate seven-year curriculum, the Uniform International Lesson System. American missionaries imported these into India. They soon found, however, that their system could not be implemented in toto in the Indian context given the “heathen” home backgrounds of Indian children and the absence of suitably trained teachers. The chapter discusses missionary thinking on reaching out to the youngest children, using the latest “universal,” “scientific,” child-education and teacher-training methods, and locating all that was “modern” in the Bible itself. Creating a “philosophy of childhood,” and an institution with “form and system,” Sunday school missionaries transformed themselves into professional educators.
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Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. "Designs for Comprehensive Community Colleges: 1958-1970." In The Diverted Dream. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195048155.003.0010.
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No analysis of the history of the community college movement in Massachusetts can begin without a discussion of some of the peculiar features of higher education in that state. Indeed, the development of all public colleges in Massachusetts was, for many years, inhibited by the strength of the state’s private institutions (Lustberg 1979, Murphy 1974, Stafford 1980). The Protestant establishment had strong traditional ties to elite colleges—such as Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Williams, and Amherst—and the Catholic middle class felt equally strong bonds to the two Jesuit institutions in the state: Boston College and Holy Cross (Jencks and Riesman 1968, p. 263). If they had gone to college at all, most of Massachusetts’s state legislators had done so in the private system. Private college loyalties were not the only reasons for opposition to public higher education. Increased state spending for any purpose was often an anathema to many Republican legislators, and even most urban “machine” Democrats were unwilling to spend state dollars where the private sector appeared to work well enough (Stafford and Lustberg 1978). As late as 1950, the commonwealth’s public higher education sector served fewer than ten thousand students, just over 10 percent of total state enrollments in higher education. In 1960, public enrollment had grown to only 16 percent of the total, at a time when 59 percent of college students nationwide were enrolled in public institutions (Stafford and Lustberg 1978, p. 12). Indeed, the public sector did not reach parity with the private sector until the 1980s. Of the 15,945 students enrolled in Massachusetts public higher education in 1960, well over 95 percent were in-state students. The private schools, by contrast, cast a broader net: of the nearly 83,000 students enrolled in the private schools, more than 40 percent were from out of state (Organization for Social and Technical Innovation 1973). The opposition to public higher education began to recede in the late 1950s. Already by mid-decade, a large number of urban liberals had become members of the state legislature, and a new governor, Foster Furcolo, had been elected in 1956 on an activist platform.
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Thuma, Emily L. "Diagnosing Institutional Violence." In All Our Trials, 55–87. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042331.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 examines the resistance of women prisoners and their supporters’ opposition to the use of medicalized behavior-modification regimes in prisons during the 1970s. The Coalition to Stop Institutional Violence, a broad-based, feminist-led alliance in Massachusetts that included advocates for the rights of prisoners and mental patients, blocked the construction of a locked treatment center for dissident and gender-nonconforming women prisoners who were labeled “deviant” and “violent.” Activists criticized the “prison/psychiatric state” for perpetrating violence against women while advocating alternative approaches to safety, accountability, and healing.
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Tanriverdi, Hüseyin, and C. Suzanne Iacono. "Toy or Useful Technology?" In Cases on Information Technology Series, 176–91. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-405-7.ch012.
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The authors present case studies of telemedicine programs at three healthcare institutions in Boston, Massachusetts to better understand why telemedicine has not spread as quickly or as far as one would expect, given its promise.
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Komline, David. "“The Educational Regeneration of New England”." In The Common School Awakening, 122–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190085155.003.0006.
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This chapter narrates the Common School Awakening in Massachusetts, homing in on a pivotal figure whose role in the awakening has been underestimated: Charles Brooks, a Unitarian minister whose travels to Europe inspired him to begin a campaign to introduce Prussian reforms to American schools. The chapter follows Brooks from the beginning of his career to 1840, when he resigned from his clerical post after having helped introduce two key institutions into the Massachusetts educational bureaucracy, the board of education with its secretary and state-sponsored normal schools. The chapter focuses on the broad religious consensus that Brooks relied upon in his campaign.
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Freeland, Richard M. "The Institutional Complex and Academic Adaptation, 1945–1980." In Academia's Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195054644.003.0015.
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Change among universities in Massachusetts during the golden age illustrated the pervasive tendency of academic institutions, linked as they were to historic social divisions, to seek higher status. With essential resources readily available, these campuses converged from disparate prewar positions toward the functions and values of the research university, the dominant model of excellence in the postwar period. The inclination to pursue common goals was circumscribed, however, because the circumstances of change were always specific and resources were never infinite. Local variations in competitive conditions combined with other elements of the institutional complex—academic ideas and organizational dynamics—to channel campus ambitions and preserve elements of diversity. The new conditions of the 1970s further demonstrated the relationship between competition and diversity while testing the durability of initiatives launched in years when growth was easy. With resources now more constrained, universities were compelled to craft their strategies of change more carefully and pay closer attention to their particular strengths and characteristics. Still, campus priorities in the decade following the golden age revealed the extent to which institutional ambitions tend to take precedence over educational ideas. Efforts to pursue the most important reform proposals of the late 1960s and early 1970s were repeatedly subordinated to the protection of institutional interests in the face of new and challenging competitive pressures. In the closing section of Chapter 2, we considered the forces that produced change among universities in the golden age as understood by commentators at the end of the period. These accounts stressed two phenomena: the increased demands of society for academic services and the enlarged power of the academic professions. In the face of these nonacademic and extrainstitutional pressures, it was widely argued, individual universities were largely reactive, more carried by currents they could not control than aggressive in shaping their own futures. The postwar histories of universities in Massachusetts, as we have encountered them in the last four chapters, demonstrated the importance of macrolevel causes of institutional change but also focused attention on the initiative exercised by campus leaders within an academic marketplace still dominated by interinstitutional competition.
Conference papers on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
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Javdekar, Chitra, Ibrahim Zeid, Marina Bograd, and Claire Duggan. "A Community College Toolkit for Manufacturing Programs: Stakeholders Engagement and Collaboration." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71393.
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This paper describes the original intent and curriculum design of two manufacturing certificate programs funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Advanced Technological Education (ATE) award at a community college in Massachusetts. It also describes salient features of this project including a focus on recruiting Liberal Arts majors for emerging jobs in the manufacturing sector, as well as the requirement of an experiential learning component. The paper further discusses what the team learned about student recruitment and employer engagement over the next three years. It also discusses how the team responded to the emerging needs of the student and manufacturing community through collaboration and teamwork. Finally, the paper presents a set of tools and recommendations for institutions interested in developing new academic programs in manufacturing to engage with all the stakeholders including prospective students, departments and other partners.
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Ito, Teruaki, Tetsuo Ichikawa, Nevan C. Hanumara, and Alexander H. Slocum. "Expectation Management in a Global Collaboration Project Using a Deterministic Design Approach." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70296.
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Expectation management in product engineering design aims at setting achievable goals for both customers and designers, while leaving room for creativity and passion. This is especially challenging in the global workplace. Using an example of a design project, the Dental Headrest project (DHR), this paper reviews how expectations were managed in a successful, collaborative project between the University of Tokushima (UT) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The goal of the project was to design an innovative mechanism for the positioning a dental chair headrest so satisfy both the needs of a patient for comfort and a clinician for flexibility and access. The design team was formed with six students from the MIT MechE’s Precision Machine Design class, while the challenge proposed by a UT team of dentists and design engineers. The team followed a deterministic design procedure inducing understating the challenge and reviewing prior art, strategy and concept generation, detailed module design and fabrication and testing, culminating in presentation and documentation. Through the process was coordinated by online communication and collaborative working spaces which ensured real-time information transfer between the continents. The conclusion was a face-to-face meeting between the two institutions. This DHR project resulted in an innovative design of headrest adjusting mechanism that was implemented in a prototype. Moreover, the students, faculty and clinicians benefitted from the experience of innovative design collaboration in a multidisciplinary, global team.
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Uribe, Natalia, and Diana Carolina Gutierrez. "Clothing consumption practice and its impact on the transformation of “public space”. Vía primavera, El Poblado, Medellín." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6081.
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Clothing consumption practice and its impact on the transformation of “public space”. Vía primavera, El Poblado, Medellín. Diana Carolina Gutiérrez A, Natalia Uribe Lemarie1. 1Arquitecture and Design School. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Circular 1 No. 70-01 Bloque 10, Medellín-Colombia E-mail: dianaguti456@gmail.com, natalia.uribelemarie@upb.edu.co Telephone: +573113313512, +573002348456 Keywords (3-5): Space organization, Fashion consumption, exclusion and inclusion processes. Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space Via Primavera is a fashion district in El Poblado neighborhood that has become a public referent of city life in Medellin – Colombia; a space that is shown as inclusive and accessible to all types of collectives. This paper is part of a research which purpose is to understand the connection between the public space with its moral and physical organization and the exclusion processes that the clothing conspicuous consumption generates in Via Primavera. The analysis of this connection is subjected to a mutual play between prior structure and agency and the crystallization, or not, of its existence through an interrelation. In the same way, a concern about the city models resumed in the national and local development plans, and its relevance as the ones that set the social and economic ideal of public spaces arises. And ideal that contradicts with practice, where exclusion processes through consumption practices bring a tension in what is supposed to be public; breaking with its inclusive and collective character. References Archer, M. (1988). Cultura y teoría social. (H. Pons, Trad.) Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nueva Visión. Delgado, M. (2011). El espacio público como ideología. Madrid: La Catarata Park, R. E. (1925). The City. Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment. En R. E. Park, E. W. Burgess, & R. D. McKenzie, The City (pág. 239). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Veblen, T. (1899 [2012]). The Theory of the Leisure Class. An Economic Study of American Institutions and a Social Critique of Conspicuous Consumption. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation.
Reports on the topic "Massachusetts Institution"
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Weekes, T. C. The application of two-dimensional imaging to very high energy gamma ray astronomy. [Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6874099.
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Kim, Sukkoo. Institutions and U.S. Regional Development: A Study of Massachusetts and Virginia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13431.
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