Academic literature on the topic 'Material balance model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Material balance model"
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Kouřilová, J., and J. Sedláček. "Environmental accounting and the FADN as a basis of model for detecting the material flow cost accounting." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 9 (2014): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2013-agricecon.
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The quality of the reported accounting data and the way these data are used are becoming more and more risky aspects of business management. Many instruments are already used to identify the creative accounting and the frauds and new ones are still being searched for. One of the suitable approaches is the use of the database Farm Accountancy Data Network (FAND) and environmental indicators. Monitoring of material balances and wastes in the form of environmental costs and also parts of the material balances can be a basis for the creation of the model for the detection of the material flow cost accounting. The model uses other balance areas as well: financial, energy-related and legislative. The paper presents a proposal of the model and its possible use for the discussion. The proposed model was applied to the real conditions of two real production companies with trading activities. Its strengths and weaknesses are evaluated.  
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Sidelnikov, K. A., and R. V. Faizullin. "Fuzzy material balance method to model hydrocarbon field development." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1703 (December 2020): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1703/1/012028.
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Yildiz, Turhan, and Ahmedreza Khosravi. "An Analytical Bottomwaterdrive Aquifer Model for Material-Balance Analysis." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 06 (2007): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103283-pa.
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Zarubin, Yu, M. Hunda, and P. Mamus. "Adaptation of the material balance of a gas deposit." JOURNAL OF HYDROCARBON POWER ENGINEERING 7, no. 2 (2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2311-1399-2020-2(14)-46-53.
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The aim of the researching is to study the application of the material balance method with modern technologies to create a useful gas reservoir model with water influx. The basic equations of material balance are analyzed taking into account the Mendeleev-Clapeyron law for gases. The analysis was performed taking into account the water influx component according to Fetkovich's equations. The paper highlights the problems of identifying the parameters of the material balance model as material balance model doesn’t include the geological structure of deposits. The calculation was done by material balance models created on Mathcad and VBA Excel. The analysis and examples given in the article testify to the expediency of applying the method of material balance with VBA Excel to clarify gas reserves, including those with a water-driven or mixed mode of development and obtain an adequate model of the reservoir.
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Suwasono, Bagiyo, Mochammad Rizky Darmawan, and Intan Baroroh. "Material Effectiveness Model for the Construction of Aluminum Hull." Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 18, no. 1 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v18i1.29974.
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Construction of a hull generally requires several plates and profile material. Early indications for shipbuilding indicate that in manner, the linear function approach for installed material was 75% to 90%, and waste material was 10% to 25%. This study is conducting an assessment of the area of installed material and waste material on small vessels made of aluminum with variations in ship length and the method of approach trend lines both linear and nonlinear. Secondary data retrieval in the form of an aluminum cutting plan for plate material and profile from the AutoCAD application, which is then reprocessed through the FastCAM application to obtain results in the form of identification of installed material and waste material area. Based on variations in ship length and material area results, a scatter plot process was carried out through the Excel application to obtain results in the form of trend line functions with an R-squared determination coefficient of more than 0.9 and the results of the calculation of the intersection between the function of installed material and waste material, and the waste material function with the x-axis uses the balance method. The final result showed that the linear function gives an indication of the effectiveness of the material located in the range of 6 to 23 meters in length of the boat and polynomial function of order 2 in the range of 6 to 18 meters in length, while the waste material area in the two functions maximum 22%.
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Shahanov, A. A., A. A. Shahanov, A. I. Kupreenko, and S. Kh Isaev. "THE MATERIAL AND THERMAL BALANCE." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, no. 2(14) (2024): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2024-2(14)-47.
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It is necessary to obtain a dry substance by removing all moisture from it. This can be done using various devices, but the most common of them in industry and science are drying cabinets. They allow you to quickly remove excess moisture from materials by evaporation and extraction from the chambers. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the volume of dry air and energy required for the process. To solve these problems, it is necessary to calculate the material and thermal balance of drying.They are the measurement and calculation of the amount of material and energy spent on it. The material and thermal balance of the dryer, which is air, is calculated using formulas and equations. It characterizes the initial and final mass of the substance and water that evaporated as a result of drying, and the absolutely dry mass of the substance remains constant.The authors examined the amount of moisture and substituted its value into the appropriate formula and calculated the mass of an absolutely dry substance and the amount of the resulting product. Thus, using the heat balance formula, the required volume of air for the process was determined. All calculations were performed for each model and the results were different.After calculating the material balance, the amount of energy consumed was determined. When calculating the heat balance, a theoretical and a practical dryer are distinguished. In the first case, it is assumed that during the operation of the drying cabinet there is no heat loss or its arrival from the outside. In practice, this does not happen, therefore, when calculating the thermal balance, many factors must be taken into account: the arrival of heat with the drying agent, the material itself and its moisture, transport devices and external energy sources. The energy consumption of the outgoing drying agent was also taken into account in this study.The obtained expressions of the material and thermal balance of the dryer allow us to determine the technological parameters of the drying workflow and the technical parameters of the dryer, which ultimately allows us to determine the technical and economic performance of the dryer.
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Chionov, Anton, and Sergei Korshunov. "A stochastic material balance model for leak location in oil pipelines." E3S Web of Conferences 397 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339703004.
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The material balance method, being the basic algorithm of leak detection systems (LDS), is discussed. A criterion for making a decision concerning a leak is substantiated; the issue of determining the sensitivity limit of the material balance algorithm is discussed.
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Li, Ming-zhou, Jie-min Zhou, Chang-ren Tong, Wen-hai Zhang, and He-song Li. "Mathematical model of whole-process calculation for bottom-blowing copper smelting." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 1 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017078.
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The distribution law of materials in smelting products is key to cost accounting and contaminant control. Regardless, the distribution law is difficult to determine quickly and accurately by mere sampling and analysis. Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic refining were established based on the principles of material (element) conservation, energy conservation, and control index constraint in copper bottom-blowing smelting. Simulation of the entire process of bottom-blowing copper smelting was established using a self-developed MetCal software platform. A whole-process simulation for an enterprise in China was then conducted. Results indicated that the quantity and composition information of unknown materials, as well as heat balance information, can be quickly calculated using the model. Comparison of production data revealed that the model can basically reflect the distribution law of the materials in bottom-blowing copper smelting. This finding provides theoretical guidance for mastering the performance of the entire process.
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Mader, M. J., C. W. Walton, and R. E. White. "Parallel Plate Electrochemical Reactor Model: Material Balance Closure and a Simplification." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 133, no. 6 (1986): 1124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2108798.
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Chionov, Anton M., Artur A. Amerkhanov, and Andrey V. Kudritsky. "Stochastic model of material balance for leak detection in oil pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 9, no. 6 (2019): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2019-9-6-633-639.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Material balance model"
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Gonzalez, Felix Eduardo. "A quadratic cumulative production model for the material balance of an abnormally pressured gas reservoir." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1631.
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The premise of this research is the concept, development, and application of an approximate relation for the material balance of abnormally-pressured gas reservoirs. The approximation is formulated directly from the rigorous material balance for the case of an abnormally-pressured gas reservoir.
The primary assumption in this derivation is that WGp <1 or Ce(p)(pi-p)<1. Further, we can proceed by assuming that W is either constant or some arbitrary function. If we assume W=constant, then the following form results:
At first glance there may be concern that this approximation is not sufficiently valid for field applications however, we have shown this relation to be an extraordinarily accurate approximation of the rigorous material balance.
This result is suited not only for use as a characteristic model, but also for use as a data analysis mechanism (i.e., this result is used to develop a suite of analysis plots, plotting functions, a type curve, etc.).
In this work we provide the following new results:
1) A suite of 6 (six) plotting functions based on the p/z-Gp2 material balance model.
2) A suite of 4 (four) p/z-Gp performance plots which are used to calibrate analysis.
3) A new type curve in terms of a dimensionless pressure function (pD=(pi/zi-p/z)/pi/zi) versus a dimensionless cumulative production function (GpD=Gp/G), where the type curve solution is based on the new p/z-Gp^2 (a quadratic material balance) model.
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vienola, sari. "Identifiering av deponerat material i en deponi samt metodikförslag för upprättande av vattenbalans." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-991.
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<p>Högbytorp is Ragn-Sells’ largest waste facility and it is located north of Stockholm. There is an old landfill still in use, but at the end of this year it will be closed. The waste deposited on the landfill can, through decomposition, give rise to a large amount of methane gas, which is an energy rich gas that can be used for heat and electricity production. To receive a relatively large amount of gas, the decomposition requires a high moisture content in the waste. Therefore the landfill is dependent on precipitation input, although when the landfill is covered, rainfall can no longer infiltrate the landfill and hence irrigation might be necessary to sustain gas production. To know where to irrigate, knowledge about the material content in the landfill is necessary. Thus the purpose of this report is to identify and describe what kind and amount of waste that has been deposited on the landfill and also where the waste has been placed. The purpose is also to investigate the availability of methods and that are used in Sweden for establishing a water balance for a landfill. The identification work showed that the landfill consists mainly of household-, construction- and industrial waste, retted sludge from sewage treatment plants and soil, which all can produce large quantities of methane gas. The investigation about the different methods for conducting a water balance resulted in the presentation of two methods. One of the methods is called Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) and is a computer simulation. The other method is an equation established by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket). Both of the methods works well for obtaining a water balance, however modification is needed for each of them in order to be well suited for the studied landfill, so that realistic and site specific results can be obtained.</p>
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Wenjing, Wei. "Assessment of Raw Materials in Stainless Steelmaking-Their Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Processer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300133.
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In stainless steelmaking, around 68% of the total greenhouse gas emissions come from the processing of raw materials. Thus, it is important for steelmakers to make efforts together with their raw material suppliers to implement low-carbon initiatives. To facilitate such initiatives, assessment of raw materials will provide guidance. In this work, the assessment of materials consists of two parts: i) different production scenarios are studied by using a static process model coupled with life cycle assessment approach to investigate the reduction potential of environmental impacts for Mo and Ni alloys; ii) assessment of the effect of trace element content (phosphorus) in stainless steel scrap on steel’s manufacturing cost, resource consumption and environmental impact using an online static process model. The results show that the overall GHG emission of FeMo production varies between 3.16-14.79 t CO2-eq/t FeMo (i.e. 5.3-24.7 tCO2-eq/t Mo). The main variance comes from the mining and beneficiation stages and depends mainly on the ore’s beneficiation degree. However, whether molybdenum is extracted as a co-product from copper mine or not can have an even greater effect on the total GHG emission of molybdenum due to the allocation of the impacts. In the case of nickel alloys, the GHG emissions for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel and nickel pig iron are 14, 30, 6 and 7 tCO2-eq/t alloy (i.e. 14, 40, 18, and 69 tCO2-eq/t Ni), respectively. Extracting sulfide ore through flash smelting process has been shown to have the least energy requirement and greenhouse gas emissions. In comparison to sulfide ore processing, oxide ore processed in an electric furnace is much more energy intensive and less environmental friendly primarily due to high content of gangue. However, by using a sustainable electricity source such as hydro-powered electricity, or applying a thermal heat recovery, it is possible to reduce the impact from electric furnace smelting of laterite. Furthermore, the use of stainless steel scraps with low phosphorous contents reduces slag amount, alloy consumption, production cost and carbon footprint. An estimation equation between phosphorous content and scrap’s value-in-use is obtained in the study to support the development of purchasing strategy. To conclude, the application of static process model based on mass and energy balance provides the possibility to assess raw materials’ environmental impact (energy consumption and GHG emissions) and to identify potentials to realize sustainable stainless steelmaking.<br>Vid tillverkning av rostfritt stål kommer cirka 68% av växthusgaserna ifrån råvaruanvändningen. Därför är det viktigt för ståltillverkare att göra en samordnad insats med sina levenrantörer för att reducera dessa utsläpp. Den här avhandlingen ämnar att undersöka råvaror ur två perspektiv: i) att utvärdera olika produktionsscenarier för molybden och nickelleggeringar genom en statisk processmodell i kombination med livscykelanalys för att undersöka potentialen för att minska miljöbelastningen; ii) att undersöka hur spårämnesinnehållet (fosfor) i rostfritt stålskrot påverkar ståltillverkningskostnaden, resursförbrukningen och miljöpåverkan med ett webbaserat verktyg för processmodellen. Resultaten visar att växthusgasutsläppen från produktionen av FeMo varierar mellan 3.16-14.79 t CO2-eq/t FeMo (d.v.s. 5.3-24.7 tCO2-eq/t Mo). Variationen beror främst på malmets anrikningsgrad under malmbrytnings- och anrikningsprocessen. När molybden förekommer i kopparmalm och utvinns som en co-produkt så kan det ha en större effekt på molybdens energiförbrukning och växthusgasutsläpp än vad malmens anrikningsgrad har. I fallet för tillverkning av nickelmetall, nickeloxid, ferronickel och nickeltackjärn är växthusgasutsläppen 14, 30, 6 respektive 7 tCO2-eq/t legering (motsvarande 14, 40, 18, respektive 69 tCO2-eq/t Ni). Användningen av sulfidmalm i flashsmältningsprocessen har visat sig ha lägst energibehov och växhusgasutsläpp medan användningen av oxidmalm i ljusbågsugn både är mer energiintensiv och utsläppsintensiv på grund av en stor mängd oxider i nickelmalmen. Dessa utsläpp kan dock förbättras genom användningen av hållbar energi (till exempel el från vattenkraft), eller genom värmeåtervinning under processen. Utöver detta kan skrot med lågt fosforinnenhåll också användas vid tillverkningen av rostfritt stål för att minska slaggmängden, förbrukningen av legeringar, produktionskostnaden och växthusgasutläppen. En ekvation mellan fosforinnehållet och skrotets värde föreslås här som underlag för att utveckla en inköpsstrategi för skrot. Sammanfattningsvis så kan en statisk processmodell baserad på mass- och energibalans tillämpas för att utvärdera råvarors miljöbelastning (energiförbrukning och växthusgasutsläpp) och identifiera potentialen för en hållbar tillverkning av rostfritt stål.
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Miller, Mark J. "Finite element and population balance models for food-freezing processes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7037.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering<br>Xiao J. Xin<br>Energy consumption due to dairy production constitutes 10% of all energy usage in the U.S. Food Industry. Improving energy efficiency in food refrigeration and freezing plays an important role in meeting the energy challenges of today. Freezing and hardening are important but energy-intensive steps in ice cream manufacturing. This thesis presents a series of models to address these issues. The first step taken to model energy consumption was to create a temperature-dependent ice cream material using empirical properties available in the literature. The homogeneous ice cream material is validated using finite element analysis (FEA) and previously published experimental findings. The validated model is then used to study the efficiency of various package configurations in the ice cream hardening process. The next step taken is to consider product quality by modeling the ice crystal size distribution (CSD) throughout the hardening process. This is achieved through the use of population balance equations (PBE). Crystal size and corresponding hardened ice cream coarseness can be predicted through the PBE model presented in this thesis. The crystallization results are validated through previous experimental study. After the hardening studies are presented, the topic of continuous freezing is discussed. The actual ice cream continuous freezing process is inherently complex, and therefore simplifying assumptions are utilized in this work. Simulation is achieved through combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and PBE modeling of a sucrose solution. By assuming constant fluid viscosity, a two-dimensional cross section is able to be employed by the model. The results from this thesis provide a practical advancement of previous ice cream simulations and lay the groundwork for future studies.
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Maragkoudaki, Xanthi. "The effect of diet-induced maternal obesity on offspring energy balance in a murine model and the therapeutic potential of a maternal dietary intervention with a fibre supplement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-dietinduced-maternal-obesity-on-offspring-energy-balance-in-a-murine-model-and-the-therapeutic-potential-of-a-maternal-dietary-intervention-with-a-fibre-supplement(f7a6a551-dc85-4fa1-8c30-cd837144598b).html.
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Introduction: Obesity now affects nearly 1 in 3 adults in the UK. It is estimated that 20% of pregnant women are obese. Increasing evidence associate obesity in pregnancy with susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome in the child. Here an established mouse model of maternal obesity was employed to investigate energy balance and glucose metabolism in the offspring. Polydextrose (PDX) has been shown to improve glucose metabolism and, therefore may be beneficial in obese pregnancy. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that (a) maternal obesity has adverse effects on offspring energy balance and glucose metabolism and that (b) these adverse effects will be prevented by supplementation of the maternal diet with PDX during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it was investigated whether PDX supplementation in obese pregnancy is protective against the adverse influences of an obesogenic dietary exposure in adulthood. Methods: Female mice were fed a control or an obesogenic diet, 6-weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. A cohort of the obese dams was assigned to supplementation with 5% PDX in pregnancy and lactation. Maternal profiles were assessed during pregnancy. At 3 and 6-months of age offspring energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry and glucose-tolerance-tests were performed. At 3-months the animals were challenged for 3-weeks with an obesogenic diet before re-estimation of EI, EE, and RER. Microbiota composition, mitochondria copy number and UCP gene expression was assessed as potential underlying mechanisms. Results: Maternal supplementation with PDX improved reproductive success, increased water intake and decreased markers of inflammation during gestation in the dams. At 3 months of age, offspring of obese dams (OffOb) metabolic parameters did not differ from offspring of control dams (OffCon). At 6 months OffOb were heavier (P<0.01), had lower RER (P<0.05) and lower EE (P<0.001) compared to OffCon. OffOb had impaired glucose metabolism compared to OffCon (P<0.05). Maternal supplementation with PDX prevented these defects. Following 3-weeks obesogenic dietary challenge OffObs demonstrated hyperphagia, decreased EE (P<0.05) and subsequently greater weight gain compared to controls (P<0.05), which were prevented by maternal PDX supplementation. Maternal obesity resulted in decreased mitochondria copy number at 30 days of age and altered microbiota composition at 6 months of age, which may mediate the changes observed later in life. Maternal supplementation with PDX, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the number of beneficial microbiota and the expression of UCP1 and 3 genes. Conclusions: Maternal obesity adversely influences offspring energy balance, which is prevented by maternal intervention with PDX. PDX may, therefore, provide a potential therapeutic intervention in preventing the transgenerational acceleration of obesity.
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Гончаренко, О. С. "Еколого-економічне обгрунтування дематеріалізації процесів виробництва і споживання продукції". Thesis, Одеський національний політехнічний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/73340.
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Дисертацію присвячено узагальненню теоретичних засад та удосконаленню науково-методичних підходів до еколого-економічного обгрунтування дематеріалізації процесів виробництва і споживання продукції. У роботі вперше запропоновані теоретико-концептуальні підходи до формування моделі ринку повторного використання товарів широкого вжитку. З метою забезпечення зниження деструктивного впливу матеріальних потоків на довкілля за рахунок дематеріалізації товарів та послуг у дисертації удосконалено методичні підходи до оцінки рівня дематеріалізації продукції та визначення соціо-еколого-економічних ефектів й ефективності дематеріалізаційних заходів на підприємстві. Запропоновано теоретико-концептуальний підхід до побудови моделі матеріального балансу національної економіки як соціально-економічної системи з урахуванням інформаційних факторів. Удосконалено теоретико-концептуальний підхід до формування еколого-економічного механізму управління дематеріалізацією на підприємстві. Розроблено теоретичні підходи до формування стратегії дематеріалізаційних змін на підприємстві.<br>Диссертация посвящена обобщению теоретических основ и совершенствованию научно-методических подходов к эколого-экономическому обоснованию дематериализации процессов производства и потребления продукции. В работе впервые предложены теоретико-концептуальные подходы к формированию модели рынка повторного использования товарной продукции широкого потребления, основанные на определении и управлении влиянием рыночных факторов на спрос и поведение потребителей для достижения целей дематериализации. Указанная модель учитывает взаимосвязи рынка товаров повторного использования с рынком новых товаров, с помощью которых можно влиять на объемы материальных потоков и дематериализации потребления продукции. Идентифицировано основные факторы влияния на спрос на рынке товаров повторного использования, а именно: срок полезной службы товара, цена на новые товары и товары повторного использования, цена утилизации товаров, экологическая эффективность товаров повторного использования, покупательная способность потребителей, трансакционные издержки, экологическая совершенство товаров (рецайклинг) и производительность товаров повторного использования. С целью осуществления дематериализационных сдвигов в сфере потребления в работе предложена система эколого-экономических инструментов в рамках управления каждым фактором, состоящая из фискальных и стимулирующих рычагов и направленная на поощрение экологически обусловленной деятельности субъектов хозяйствования.
Определение приоритетных направлений внедрения дематериализационных трансформаций процессов производства и потребления продукции на макроэкономическом уровне автором предлагается осуществлять на основе применения усовершенствованных теоретико-концептуальных подходов к построению модели материального баланса национальной экономики как социально-экономической системы с учетом информационных факторов. В отличие от существующих модель представлена в работе в двух интерпретациях: физической – как модель материального баланса в натуральном измерении и экономической – как модель материального баланса на основе производственных функций Кобба-Дугласа. С целью обеспечения снижения деструктивного влияния материальных потоков на окружающую среду за счет дематериализации товаров и услуг в диссертации усовершенствован методический подход к оценке уровня дематериализации продукции предприятия. Его суть заключается в расчете материальных вложений (в натуральной и стоимостной форме) на единицу услуг, которые предоставляются потребителю с использованием произведенной продукции, на этапах жизненного цикла продукта. Данный подход оценивает потенциальные экономические потери и экономические последствия воздействия на окружающую среду хозяйственных процессов, происходящих на этапах жизненного цикла продукции. Для оценки потенциала дематериализационных трансформаций продукта как носителя конкретной потребительской функции диссертантом предложено рассчитывать индексы уровня дематериализации продукции. С целью учета как положительных, так и отрицательных последствий дематериализационных изменений в процессах производства и потребления продукции усовершенствован методический подход к оценке социо-эколого-экономических эффектов и эффективности дематериализации продукции на предприятии, который в отличие от существующих в дополннение к социальным и экономическим результатам дематериализации формализует комплексную характеристику последствий экодеструктивной деятельности, возникающей на стадиях жизненного цикла продукции. Для обеспечения дематериализационных сдвигов на предприятии автором усовершенствован теоретико-концептуальный подход к формированию эколого-экономического механизма управления дематериализацией на предприятии, отличительными чертами которого является поэтапность осуществления дематериализационных изменений и учет социо-эколого-экономических эффектов дематериализации в деятельности предприятия. С целью имплементации эколого-ориентированных управленческих решений по дематериализации в деятельность субъектов хозяйствования в диссертации разработаны теоретические подходы к формированию стратегии дематериализационных сдвигов на предприятии, в которых учтено расширенное число факторов дематериализации предприятия для предотвращения деструктивного влияния хозяйственных процессов на окружающую среду при соблюдении экономических интересов субъектов хозяйствования. В рамках обоснования микроэкономической стратегии дематериализации автором выделены две основные группы факторов по источнику их воздействия: факторы внешней и внутренней среды предприятия.<br>The thesis is devoted to the generalization of the theoretical foundations and the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the environmental and economic substantiation of the dematerialization of the processes of products production and consumption. For the first time, there are suggested theoretical conceptual approaches to the formation of model of the reusable consumer goods market. The methodical approaches to the assessment of the dematerialization level of products and determining social, environmental and economic effects and the effectiveness of the dematerialization measures at the enterprise are improved in order to ensure the reduction of the destructive impact of material flows on the environment due to the dematerialization of goods and service. Taking into account the information factors, a theoretical and conceptual approach to the formation of a model of the national economy material balance as a social and economic system is proposed. The theoretical and conceptual approach to the formation of the environmental and economic mechanism for managing dematerialization at the enterprise has been improved. Theoretical approaches to the strategy formation for the dematerialization changes at the enterprise are developed.
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Bruno, Ricardo Luiz. "Material particulado atmosférico na cidade de São Carlos- SP: quantificação e identificação de fontes." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3845.
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Previous issue date: 2005-05-05<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>In the present work, breathable particulate matter (PM10) concentration was measured in their fine (PM2.5-10) and ultra-fine (MP2.5) fractions, in the municipal district of São Carlos. The samplings were carried out from 2001 to 2004 for PM10 (complemented with data from 1997 to 2001 taken from the research group databank) and for the period of 1 year (2001-2002) for PM2.5. PM10 was sampled with a high volumes sampler, while PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were sampled with a dichotomous sampler. In order rationalize the seasonal variation MP, the year was separated in two different periods, the so-called dry period characterized by colder months and smaller incidence of rains and the rainy period, characterized by hotter months and by larger incidence of rains. After the collection, XRF analysis were carried out to quantify the chemical elements with mass molar superior to 12 a.m.u.. Also, DIC/DOC (dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) analysis were performed. The results showed 14 chemical elements, on average, both in fne and ultrafine fractions. The chemical elements that appear in larger concentrations in the PM are organic carbon, inorganic carbon, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, K, S and Fe. Two receptor models, the principal factors analysis (PFA) and chemical mass balance (CMB) were used to quantify the probable pollution sources for responsible for the sampled PM in the receptor site. PFA suggests that 3 main sources are responsible for the PM in the ultrafine fraction, both in the dry as well as in the rainy season. As for the fine fraction, the PFA suggests that 4 main sources are responsible for the pollution in the receptor site. The CMB analysis indicates that, for the ultrafine fraction the main source is the gas/particle conversion from sulfur, both in the dry and rainy periods. For the dry period, the biomass burning becomes significant as a pollution source. In the fine fraction of MP, the main sources identified were soil resuspension and vehicular emission.<br>xix No presente trabalho mediu-se a concentração de Material Particulado (MP) respirável (MP10), em suas frações fina (MP2,5-10) e super fina (MP2,5) no município de São Carlos. As amostragens foram realizadas de 1997 a 2004 para o MP respirável sendo que para o período de 1997 a 2000 foram utilizados dados disponíveis no banco de dados do Grupo de Controle ambiental e pelo período de 1 ano (2001-2002) para o MP2,5. O MP respirável foi amostrado com amostrador de grandes volumes, enquanto o MP2,5 e MP2,5-10 foi amostrado com amostrador dicotômico. Para facilitar o estudo da variação sazonal do MP dividiu-se o ano em dois períodos distintos, o chamado período seco (caracterizado por meses mais frios e menor incidência de chuvas) e o período chuvoso (caracterizado por meses mais quentes e de maior incidência de chuvas). Após a coleta, foram realizadas análise de XRF (Fluorescência de Raios X) para quantificar os elementos químicos com número atômico superiores a 12 u.m.a., e análise de carbono orgânico e inorgânico por DIC/DOC (carbono inorgânico e orgânico dissolvidos). Foram observados em média 14 elementos químicos, tanto para a fração fina como super fina. Os elementos químicos que aparecem em maiores concentrações no MP são carbono orgânico, carbono inorgânico, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, K, S e Fe. Foram utilizados modelos receptores análise de fatores principais (AFP) e balanço químico de massas (BQM) para quantificar as prováveis fontes poluidoras responsáveis pela carga de MP amostrada no receptor. A AFP sugere que há 3 fontes principais responsáveis pela carga de MP super fino no receptor tanto para o período seco como para o período chuvoso. Para o MP fino a AFP sugere que existam 4 fontes principais responsáveis pela poluição no sítio receptor. O BQM indica que para a fração super fina a principal fonte é a conversão gás / partícula de enxofre, tanto para o período seco como para o período chuvoso. Para o período seco a queima de biomassa passa a ter importância significativa como fonte poluidora. Na fração fina do MP as principais fontes identificadas foram ressuspensão do solo e emissão veicular.
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Turan, Gizem. "Relationship Between Materialism And Self-construals." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608346/index.pdf.
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The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between different types of orientations toward materialism, and to investigate the relationship between materialistic orientations and different self-construal types as suggested by the Balanced Integration and Differentiation (BID) Model (imamoglu, 1998, 2003). The sample was consisted of 335 Middle East Technical University students (168 females, 167 males) with a mean age of 21.34. The questionnaire consisted of eight scales that were used to measure materialism, self-construals, family environment, attachment, and self and family satisfaction. The scales were Material Values Scale (Richins &<br>Dawson, 1992), Aspiration Index (Kasser &<br>Ryan, 1996), the New Materialism Scale which was developed for the current study, Balanced Integration and Differentiation Scale (BIDS, Imamoglu, 1998), Perceived Family Atmosphere Scale (Imamoglu, 2001), Family Satisfaction Index, and Self Satisfaction Index (Imamoglu, 2001) as well as the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew &<br>Horowitz, 1991). Through the analyses on the data from the New Materialism scale, that had acceptable psychometric qualities, four sub-constructs of materialism were found that are extrinsic orientations, acquisitiveness, attachment to possessions, and sharing. Both MANOVA and regression analyses were performed and it was seen that respondents with related-individuated and separated-patterned self-types, proposed by the BID Model to represent the most balanced and unbalanced self-types, respectively, significantly differed from each other in terms of materialism score ratings measured by Material Values Scale and New Materialism scale. The people with the unbalanced type seemed to be more oriented towards materialism compared to the ones with the balanced type. While lower levels of individuation predicted higher levels of materialism for all materialism measures except attachment to possessions, the lower levels of relatedness predicted higher levels of materialism in terms of happiness, the belief that happiness can be gained through possessions, and sharing, the degree of unwillingness to share one&rsquo<br>s possessions with other people. Considering gender, women are found to be more acquisitive, giving a central importance to possessions and more interested in image as an aspiration. Through the analysis of the relationship patterns using SEM, a model was proposed for the relationships between different types of materialism, self orientations, and gender. Three different types of materialism, i.e. existential materialism, relational materialism, and indulgent materialism, were generated. Low levels of individuation predicted all three types of materialism. Low levels of relatedness predicted only relational materialism, whereas being woman predicted indulgent materialism. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in the framework of the BID Model.
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Maach, Nicolas. "Modélisation cinétique de l'hydratation en systèmes dilués des aluminates de calcium : Des mécanismes chimiques aux modélisations par les Population Balance Equations." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI127.
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Ces travaux s’articulent autour de la modélisation cinétique de l’hydratation des ciments alumino-calciques (CAC) pour en améliorer la compréhension et la maîtrise. L’aspect cinétique pour ces ciments est essentiel en raison des nombreux états métastables qu’ils traversent (e.g. conversion).Des modèles de cinétique intégrés dans l’espace existent déjà pour simuler des pâtes de mortier mais ils requièrent la connaissance des lois de cinétiques. Malheureusement, ces lois sont mal identifiées pour les CAC et c’est ce qui motive la création d’un modèle pour des suspensions minérales. L’étude de suspensions permet d’étudier ces lois sans l’influence de l’empilement granulaire et du réseau poreux. Le modèle créé est un modèle de thermochimie où les quantités de matières sont pilotées par des équations différentielles-algébriques. L’information sur la granulométrie est, elle, portée par des Population Balance Equations permettant de répercuter chaque phénomène physico-chimiques (e.g. Nucléation, Dissolution, Croissance, Agglomération...) de manière adaptable et indépendante sur les tailles de particules. L’étude de ce modèle a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle fondamental que joue la formation de l’hydroxyde d’aluminium dans l’hydratation des CAC. Cette formation permet l’apport en solution d’ions hydroxyde déficitaires à la formation de la plupart des hydrates en consommant des ions aluminates. Cette formation d’hydroxyde d’aluminium a été démontrée comme étant complexe à expliquer expérimentalement et à modéliser. Toutefois, l’utilisation de précurseurs pré-hydroxylés permet de la modéliser partiellement<br>This work focuses on the kinetic modeling of calcium aluminate cements (CAC) to improve the knowledge and the control of these chemical systems. The kinetic aspect of this modeling is essential since their hydration goes through several metastable states (e.g. CAC conversion). Kinetic models integrated over a volume of mortar paste already exist yet they require appropriate kinetic laws. Unfortunately, these laws are poorly identified for CACs and this is what motivates the creation of a model for mineral suspensions. The simulation of suspension allows the evaluation of these kinetic laws without the interference of granular stacking or porous network assumptions. The created model is a thermo-chemical model where the molar quantities are driven by differential-algebraic equations. The particle size information is borne by Population Balance Equations allowing to manage each physic-chemical phenomenon (e.g. Nucleation, Dissolution, Growth, Agglomeration...) independently and in a flexible way. The evaluation of this model highlighted the key role of aluminium hydroxide formation in CAC hydration. This reaction converts the excess of aluminate ions into the deficient hydroxide ion which are required by most of the hydrates. This work demonstrated that aluminium hydroxide formation is complex to explain experimentally and to model. Nevertheless, the use of prehydroxylated precursors allows a partial modeling of this reaction
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(12246618), Robert N. Ellis. "Methodologies in material balance and statistical data adjustment." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Methodologies_in_material_balance_and_statistical_data_adjustment/19365386.
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<div>A material balance model has been developed that allows for the assignment of statistical weightings to the raw data of a two -product separation.</div><div>The statistical weighting factors are derived by applying the concepts of variography based on Gy's sampling theory (1982). The issue of randomness when estimating the V(0) intercept value of the variogram at lag = 0 has been investigated. The effect of sampling duration on the magnitude of V(0) has also been quantified.</div><div><br></div><div>The importance of sampling correctness in relation to the automatic sampling of slurry streams has been highlighted.</div><div><br></div><div>The operational details of a hydrocyclone (two -product separator) have been outlined. The material balance model has been applied to a case study involving a typical separation in a hydrocyclone. Good agreement between several material balance methods has been found.</div><div><br></div><div>The contributions to this area of research can be listed as follows:</div><div><br></div><div>(1) The estimation of statistical weightings using variography.</div><div>(2) The development and application of a material balance model that incorporates statistical weighting factors.</div><div>(3) Define and examine the requirements of sampling correctness.</div>
Books on the topic "Material balance model"
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Material management of railway transport. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064961.
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In the monograph reviewed the development of the inventory management of railway transport in the new economic environment of market economy. 
 According to the results of theoretical research, innovative and production potential of the supply system of railway transport the main directions and methods of transformation of the restructuring process under the corporate changes of JSC "RZD", positioned value system of the logistics of railway transportation, and developed a classification model used logistical resources. 
 Evaluation of activity of structural divisions of Russian Railways supply is proposed to be viewed through an integrated and comprehensive approach to the development of systems of balanced indicators of supply and prompt handling of material resources, the implementation of which allows to distribute the strategic objectives of the company "Russian Railways" activities in the system of logistics of the Railways and also to involve in economic circulation of excessive and unused inventories of material and technical resources and efficiently reallocate them among enterprises at the site of the railway. 
 Recommendations for the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are long term in nature and are based on the concept of logistics management and improve the business processes of the logistics system. 
 Will be useful for managers and specialists of directorates of logistics of Russian Railways supply, undergraduates and graduate students interested in the economy of railway transport.
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Privalov, Nikolay. Household economics. Moral Economics. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1978025.
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The textbook on economics of a new type systematically combines the best traditions of "Household", classical political economy, other economic (German historical school, institutionalism) and non-economic disciplines (history, political science, sociology, cybernetics, biology, psychology, mathematics, law, etc.). The main methodological principle of interdisciplinary connections is consistency and focus on achieving balance at the level of an individual household. The main well—known models of household economics, family economics and human economic models are analyzed in the light of their adaptation to the cultural traditions of Russia, which is ensured by taking into account institutional factors affecting the household economy and feedback from readers - situational tasks and control questions on topical issues of Russian reality. The chronological principle of the presentation of the material is provided by linking economic models with the historical situation and the personalities of the outstanding authors who created them — Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, W. Petty, E. Engel, J. Keynes, F. Engels, L. Morgan, M. Kovalevsky, etc. The traditions of the university textbook are complemented by elements of monographic research, in particular on the creation of a new human model — the "traditional man", the substantiation of the relationship between a specific management model in Russia and the traditional family model. Economic and organizational issues of household development in modern Russia are presented within the framework of traditional topics, taking into account the geopolitical conditions of the first decades of the 21st century — information and sanctions wars, new types of economic crises (coronavirus), the development of contradictions in the digital economy and the aggravation of the global crisis. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. The textbook is intended for students studying economics and anyone interested in the problems of the modern economy and Russia's place in global geopolitics.
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Vliamos, Spyros I. Balanced regional development and public investment in a form of non-material public infrastructure. Economic Research Center, Faculty of Economics, Nagoya University, 1990.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. The economy and material management on a railway transport. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085329.
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In the textbook in an accessible form presented and discussed the development of the economy and the inventory management of railway transport in the new economic environment. For the first time in Russian literature, made a theoretical attempt at a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of, and satisfaction of needs in material resources structural divisions, subsidiaries and affiliates of JSC "RZD". According to the results of theoretical research, innovative and production potential of the supply system of railway transport the main directions and methods of transformation of the restructuring process under the corporate changes of JSC "RZD", positioned value system of logistics of rail transport, a comprehensive approach to the development of systems of balanced indicators of supply and prompt handling of material resources. Recommendations for the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are long term in nature and are based on the concept of logistics management improve business processes, system logistics.
 For students and teachers, workers of enterprises of railway transport, and others interested in questions of transport Economics.
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Privalov, Nikolay. Economic theory. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1874254.
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We present a textbook on the new type of economic theory "Russian Economics", systematically combining the best traditions of neoclassical economics, classical political economy, other economic (German historical school, institutionalism) and non-economic disciplines (history, political science, sociology, cybernetics, biology, psychology, mathematics, etc.). The main methodological principles of interdisciplinary communication are consistency and focus on achieving social balance. Well—known models of economic theory are analyzed in the light of their adaptation to the cultural traditions of Russia, which is ensured by taking into account institutional factors affecting the economy and feedback from readers - situational tasks and control questions on topical issues of Russian reality. The chronological principle of the presentation of the material is ensured by linking economic models with the historical situation and the personalities of the outstanding authors who created them — A. Smith, A. Marshall, K. Marx, J.M. Keynes, P. Sorokin, N.D. Kondratiev, T. Parsons, V.V. Leontiev, etc. A comparative analysis of the state of the economy and management of Russia and the United States is given, as well as the economic and political potential of the European Union, China and India is described. The traditions of the university textbook are complemented by elements of monographic research, in particular, on the problem of the synthesis of marginalism and the labor theory of value. The economic history of modern Russia is presented within the framework of traditional themes, taking into account the geopolitical conditions of the first decades of the 21st century — information and sanctions wars, new types of economic crises (mortgage, coronavirus), the development of contradictions in the digital economy and the aggravation of the global crisis. For undergraduates and postgraduates studying economics, and anyone interested in the problems of the modern economy and Russia's place in world geopolitics.
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Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov, and Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.
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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports.
 It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
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Clarke, Andrew. Energy flow in organisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0004.
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An organism is an open thermodynamic system exchanging both energy and materials with its environment. Organisms exchange energy with their environment by radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation of water. The relative importance of these varies with the organism and its situation. Newton’s Law of Cooling is a simplification that is useful only for warm endotherms in a still, cool environment. For all other circumstances a full biophysical treatment is necessary. Flows of chemical potential energy can be captured by a balanced energy budget. A full description of the energy balance of an organism requires the coupling of a biophysical model of heat flow with an energy budget model. This combination provides a powerful tool for modelling the thermal and energetic niches of organisms, and to predict how these might change in the future.
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Bažant, Zdenek P., Jia-Liang Le, and Marco Salviato. Quasibrittle Fracture Mechanics and Size Effect. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846242.001.0001.
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Many modern engineering structures are composed of brittle heterogenous (a.k.a. quasibrittle) materials. These materials include concrete (an archetype), composites, tough ceramics, rocks, cold asphalt mixtures, and many brittle materials at the microscale. Understanding the failure behavior of these materials is of paramount importance for improving the resilience and sustainability of various engineering structures including civil infrastructure, aircraft, ships, military armors, and microelectronic devices. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of quasibrittle fracture mechanics. It first presents a concise but rigorous and complete treatment of the linear elastic fracture mechanics, which is the foundation of all fracture mechanics. The topics covered include energy balance analysis of fracture, analysis of near-tip field and stress intensity factors, Irwin's relationship, J-integral, calculation of compliance function and deflection, and analysis of interfacial crack. Built upon the content of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the book presents various fundamental concepts of nonlinear fracture mechanics, which include estimation of inelastic zone size, cohesive crack model, equivalent linear elastic fracture mechanics model, R-curve, and crack band model. The book also discusses some more advanced concepts such as the effects of the triaxial stress state in the fracture process zone, nonlocal continuum models, and discrete computational model. The significant part of the book is devoted to the discussion of the energetic and statistical size effects, which is a salient feature of quasibrittle fracture. The book also presents probabilistic fracture mechanics, and its consequent reliability-based structural analysis and design of quasibrittle structures. Finally, the book provides an extensive review of various practical applications of quasibrittle fracture mechanics.
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Anand, Lallit, and Sanjay Govindjee. Continuum Mechanics of Solids. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864721.001.0001.
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Continuum mechanics of Solids presents a unified treatment of the major concepts in Solid Mechanics for beginning graduate students in the many branches of engineering. The fundamental topics of kinematics in finite and infinitesimal deformation, mechanical and thermodynamic balances plus entropy imbalance in the small strain setting are covered as they apply to all solids. The major material models of Elasticity, Viscoelasticity, and Plasticity are detailed and models for Fracture and Fatigue are discussed. In addition to these topics in Solid Mechanics, because of the growing need for engineering students to have a knowledge of the coupled multi-physics response of materials in modern technologies related to the environment and energy, the book also includes chapters on Thermoelasticity, Chemoelasticity, Poroelasticity, and Piezoelectricity. A preview to the theory of finite elasticity and elastomeric materials is also given. Throughout, example computations are presented to highlight how the developed theories may be applied.
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Alarie, Benjamin, and Andrew J. Green. How Do Judges Decide? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199397594.003.0002.
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This book argues that high court design influences how judges decide, and this chapter provides the basic theoretical structure for this argument. It primarily builds on the Epstein, Landes, and Posner’s labor market model of how judges decide. A judge makes decisions like any other individual, influenced by a range of factors such as his own view of the law and the preferred outcome of the appeal, his reputation, his workload, and even in some cases financial or material concerns. How he balances these various factors depends on the design of the court. This chapter sets out a preliminary framework for thinking about the relationship between the institutional design and how individual judges reach decisions.
Book chapters on the topic "Material balance model"
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Schramm, N., N. Oertwig, and H. Kohl. "Conceptual Approach for a Digital Value Creation Chain Within the Timber Construction Industry – Potentials and Requirements." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_67.
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AbstractThis paper addresses the megatrend of urbanization as well as the associated challenges of climate change and its relation to sustainable manufacturing. An enormous lever for improving the climate balance is offered by the consistent use of renewable building materials. In the Berlin/Brandenburg metropolitan region, wood as a building material in particular should play a central role in achieving the climate targets. To realize this, it is not only necessary to use the potential of wood as a raw material for storing carbon, but also to embed wood construction in regional value chains and integrated digital production systems in order to be able to optimally design innovative value creation fields, new regional products and efficient material cycles for increasing sustainability. In the context of this work, the information flows along the value chain are investigated and transferred into a digital model. Existing digital concepts such as the “Open BIM” approach (Building Information Modeling) have been incorporated and shape the entirety of the value chain module developed in this paper for serial prefabrication in multi-story timber construction. Material and information flows are analyzed, interfaces between the actors are identified, value-adding factors of timber system construction are systematically examined for their effects, and industrial prefabrication is aligned with a digital model.
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Villalba Méndez, Gara, and Laura Talens Peiró. "Materials Balance Models." In Handbook of Regional Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36203-3_60-1.
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Villalba Méndez, Gara, and Laura Talens Peiró. "Materials Balance Models." In Handbook of Regional Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23430-9_60.
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Villalba Méndez, Gara, and Laura Talens Peiró. "Materials Balance Models." In Handbook of Regional Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60723-7_60.
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Dmytruk, Veronika, Bogdana Gayvas, Bogdan Markovych, and Anatolii Dmytruk. "On the issues of optimization and regulation of the convective drying process of materials in drying units." In DRYING PROCESSES: APPROACHES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY. TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-8360-09-2.ch5.
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The chapter presents the main approaches to optimizing and regulating the drying process of materials, taking into account the structural characteristics and operating principles of drying equipment. An essential factor in optimizing such processes is the consideration of the drying object and the mathematical methods used to describe drying problems. To this end, widely applied practical methods of mathematical modeling of capillary-porous and dispersed materials are analyzed, along with the specific features of models that describe heat and mass transfer in such materials. Particular attention is given to the role of diffusion and thermo-diffusion mechanisms in moisture transfer regulation. Optimization strategies are developed using fundamental drying principles, where the Kirpichov criterion provides a quantitative assessment of moisture transport dynamics, while Nusselt numbers serve as key parameters for controlling temperature gradients and ensuring efficient moisture removal. Additionally, the Postnov criterion is used as a means of evaluating the balance between temperature gradients and moisture content distribution, helping to prevent excessive stress accumulation that may lead to cracking. The study further explores empirical relationships between these criteria and essential process parameters, including moisture content, temperature, and airflow velocity, to enhance drying efficiency and maintain structural integrity. The study investigates the peculiarities of constructing mathematical models of non-isothermal moisture transfer and deformation during the drying of capillary-porous, dispersed, and fractal-structured materials from the perspective of continuum mechanics, mixture theory, and statistical approaches. This allows for the broadest possible range of model implementations, accounting for the anisotropy of thermomechanical properties, elastic and viscoelastic behavior, material shrinkage, and other relevant factors.
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Abdollahi, Khodayar, Alireza Bazargan, and Gordon McKay. "Water Balance Models in Environmental Modeling." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_119-1.
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Abdollahi, Khodayar, Alireza Bazargan, and Gordon McKay. "Water Balance Models in Environmental Modeling." In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_119.
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Purnama, Jaka, Sajiyo, Erni Puspanantasari, Dian Rahma Aulia, and Novi Ariyan Pratama. "Analysis of Balanced Furniture Product Requirements with Fuzzy Goal Programming Model Development." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52239-0_60.
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Su, Yunsheng, Xihan Cheng, and Jiaxing Li. "Membrane-Based Modularization in Prefabrication System Design as a Strategy in Emergency Buildings." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_35.
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AbstractThis article is about the application of air film-based modular prefabrication system design strategy in emergency buildings. To determine the typical and essential behavior of membrane structures, this paper reviews and compares relevant theories, experiments, and simulations on architectural performance, mechanical properties of membrane materials, and membrane structure performance. In addition, this project tries to use the robotic arm spraying technology to study the strategy of trajectory generation. First, import the model shape into the software for multiple trajectory simulations, verify and optimize the injection path program through the software, observe the actual injection trajectory, and finally select the final Program. The resulting vectors are also relatively balanced, avoiding the over-concentration of the top curve. The advantage of this method is that it can reduce the material on the top and make the material distribution more uniform, which is a more economical and reasonable way to obtain the trajectory.
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Fathonah, Siti, Edy Cahyono, Retno Sri Iswari, Sri Haryani, Sarwi, and Noer Hayati Lestari. "Balance Nutrition Literature Teaching Materials in Creative Problem Solving Based Multirepresentation Learning Model." In Proceedings of the 4th Vocational Education International Conference (VEIC 2022). Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-47-3_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Material balance model"
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Keo, Van Dong, Xuan Tran Hiep, Quoc Nguyen Banh, Tran Anh Son, and Duong Huyen Lynh. "Determination of Geometrical Parameters to Balance the Pressure Drop of Channels on a Microfluidic Chip." In 2024 International Conference on Machining, Materials and Mechanical Technologies. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-me24oh.
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In the past few years, micro-droplets have been widely used in diverse fields of biological and chemical research, spanning from drug delivery and material synthesis to point-of-care diagnostics, digital PCR, and single-cell analysis. Droplet-based microfluidics offers a powerful platform for conducting complex experiments, screening processes, and analyses with enhanced precision, efficiency, and versatility. While creating droplets with uniform sizes is a common objective of microfluidics, it is not limited to producing droplets of a single size per chip. Creating microdroplets with different sizes on a microfluidic chip holds significant importance in various applications. This can provide flexibility in controlling chemical processes, biological reactions, or product quality. By controlling the size of the microdroplets, researchers can precisely regulate the release kinetics of the encapsulated substances, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects for patients. In chemical analysis, microfluidic platforms can produce microdroplets of different sizes to enable high-throughput screening of chemical reactions or biological assays. By manipulating the droplet size, researchers can enhance reaction efficiency, increase sample throughput, and reduce reagent consumption, making the analysis process more cost-effective and time-efficient. To create microdroplets with different sizes on a microfluidic chip, adjusting process parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and channel design is an approach. In this research, geometrical parameters of the channel such as shape, size, and length are calculated to ensure the pressure drop from the inlet to the creation point droplets of each branch is the same, ensuring the stable operation of the system. The input solution in the research is glucose, which fully exhibits the behavior of a non-Newtonian liquid under defined conditions. The power law viscosity model is used to describe the rheological behavior of glucose liquids.
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Yildiz, Turhan, and Ahmedreza Khosravi. "An Analytical Bottomwaterdrive Aquifer Model for Material Balance Analysis." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103283-ms.
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Mazloom, Jalal, William Leslie Foley, Dominique F. Frizzell, Michael Andrew Tosdevin, and Michael Sibley. "Capturing Complex Dynamic Behaviour in a Material Balance Model." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-11489-ms.
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Mazloom, J., M. Tosdevin, D. Frizzell, B. Foley, and M. Sibley. "Capturing Complex Dynamic Behaviour in a Material Balance Model." In IPTC 2007: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.147.iptc11489.
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Mazloom, Jalal, William Leslie Foley, Dominique F. Frizzell, Michael Andrew Tosdevin, and Michael Sibley. "Capturing Complex Dynamic Behaviour in a Material Balance Model." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/11489-ms.
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Zhao, Jun, Wei Wang, and Sujie Tian. "Material balance model and scheduling algorithm of cold rolling production line." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2009.5262675.
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Frailey, Scott M. "Material Balance Reservoir Model for CO2 Sequestration in Depleted Gas Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/90669-ms.
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Abraham, S., E. Brown, T. Franks, R. Petty, T. Sprague, and Y. Wang. "Dynamic EAF Energy and Material Balance Model for On-Line Process Optimization." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/127-10611-059.
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Abraham, S., E. Brown, T. Franks, R. Petty, T. Sprague, and Y. Wang. "Dynamic EAF Energy and Material Balance Model for On-Line Process Optimization." In AISTech 2021. AIST, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/382/027.
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Badmaev, Dorzhi, Ilnur Ilyasov, and Fahed Braik. "Reservoir Pressure Prediction Using Combined AI and Material Balance Approach." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221813-ms.
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Abstract Monitoring reservoir pressure with time is an important part of reservoir management. The conventional approach using hydrodynamic modeling to predict reservoir pressure may not always match the surveillance data due to long history matching and model updating process, too large timesteps, not perfect match at well level, etc. The objective of this study is to develop a combined AI and physics driven method for fast and robust procedure to estimate reservoir pressure in space and time, based on a hybrid approach using production injection data, machine learning and material balance. The workflow consists of the following steps: Production injection and pressure data preparation and cleansing. Wells clustering and material balance calculations using optimization algorithm to match surveillance data. Pressure interpolation in time using ML methods including surveillance data per well (at least 5 tests), production injection data and material balance prediction. Pressure interpolation in space based on interpolated pressure in time for each well considering the radius of influence of a well estimated by its cumulative production or injection. ML methods are very efficient in interpolation mode. However, in extrapolation mode (forecasting) ML methods usually are not reliable due to lack of physics as it is shown in the study. Material balance is a fundamental reservoir engineering tool for analysis of reservoir performance; however, it has some limitations, one of which is an uncertainty in well drainage volumes at well level In this study it is presented how to use a combined method which takes advantages from both approaches and significantly increases accuracy and reliability in reservoir pressure prediction and short-term forecasting. The developed method was applied to a variety of carbonate reservoirs across Abu Dhabi fields. Reservoir pressure was predicted with high accuracy in wells with enough available pressure tests. An uncertainty score using test frequency, reservoir quality and production capability can be used to identify areas where pressure testing will add more value. The interpolated pressure maps were compared with the conventional surveillance pressure maps and with maps from simulation models. The predicted maps look quite similar to simulation model, which proved applicability and efficiency of developed workflow The spatiotemporal interpolation of reservoir pressure considering simultaneous production injection data presented in this paper is an innovative and practical approach improving from previous methods available in literature. This method is particularly useful to run monthly when new production and injection data is available, and reservoir pressure needs to be estimated to optimize production and injection targets.
Reports on the topic "Material balance model"
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Wiersma, B. J. Description of the Material Balance Model and Spreadsheet for Salt Dissolution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/587052.
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et al., Chen. L52347 Microstructure Model for Welding Simulations. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0010457.
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Welding of micro-alloyed, high strength steels such as X100 poses a number of challenges due to, in part, the sensitivity of weld mechanical properties to the welding parameters such as heat input, preheat temperature, etc. For design purpose, it is often required that the mechanical properties of the welds overmatch those of the pipe materials in terms of yield strength, ductility, and toughness. In general, high strength pipe steels exhibit lower strain hardening capability, lower ductility, and increased anisotropy than the traditional lower grade steels. For these steels, when exposed to welding process, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the base metal can be softened and strain localization can take place. For weld metal, it is even more difficult to maintain a balance of ductility and fracture toughness at high strength because the weld metal performance is highly sensitive to welding parameters in comparison with lower strength steels. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes have become the popular choices for pipeline construction. In recent years, a number of high-productivity variants of GMAW such as tandem wire and dual torch have been employed for field welding in order to increase welding productivity. These new GMAW variants introduce more welding variables and further complicate the relationship between weld mechanical properties and welding conditions. To understand the relationship between the mechanical properties of the weldment and the welding conditions, an effective approach is to simulate the thermal and microstructure processes in GMAW processes. By predicting the thermal cycles and the phase transformations, the microstructure of both weld metal and its HAZ can be determined numerically. With the assistance of experimental measurements, it is possible to identify the welding essential variables and evaluate their influences on the final weld performance. For this reason, an integrated thermal-microstructure model was developed in the project. The in-depth discussion of the thermal model was presented in a separate technical report[2]. This report will cover the microstructure model only.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Tsepkalo, Tetiana. SOCIAL ROLES AND STEREOTYPES OF FEMININITY IN THE ALMANAC «KURIER KRYVBASU». Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12172.
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The subject of this research is the social roles and stereotypes of femininity in the almanac «Kurier Kryvbasu». The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of gender stereotypes of femininity in the literary almanac. The article employs the following methods: theoretical – for studying gender theory, stereotyping, and their application in the analysis of the content of the periodical; systemic-structural analysis – for conducting a systematic analysis of the social roles of femininity in the almanac «Kurier Kryvbasu»; structural-typological – for studying the content and structure of the literary almanac; descriptive method - for interpreting women’s roles and stereotypes. Main findings. The role of gender stereotypes in representing women in the media texts of contemporary Ukrainian writers in the pages of the periodical almanac «Kurier Kryvbasu» has been elucidated. A systematic analysis of feminine social roles, including the beautiful woman, the businesswoman, the happy woman, the sex symbol, and the wife-mother, is presented. The social roles and stereotypes of femininity in the literary almanac «Kurier Kryvbasu» are interpreted according to the classification of G. Kovalova and V. Danilyan. Conclusions. In the almanac «Kurier Kryvbasu», entrenched perceptions regarding women’s model appearance, their frivolity and accessibility, professional inferiority, sexual objectification, competent housekeeping, maternal duties, and the pursuit of illusory «female happiness» in the form of marriage, family, and children are used. However, a trend of feminist rise is observed, where the pages of the magazine describe women’s career successes, self-actualization, participation in military actions, etc. Significance. The analysis of gender stereotypes, both femininity and masculinity, in Ukrainian literary-artistic periodicals is important for the development of the contemporary media sphere, as such research will encourage editorial teams to direct media content towards gender balance and gender equality. Key words: gender stereotypes, social role, femininity, journal, literary magazine, media text.
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Moran, Matthew. Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid Hydrogen. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024015.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is playing a key role in decarbonization of the global energy landscape. Its large-scale continuous use in the space industry provides a foundation for transitioning state-of-the-art capabilities to other sectors. Key advancements in materials, cryogenics, and system optimization are being applied to reduce costs and increase performance for various mobile and stationary use cases. However, some unsettled topics remain to be addressed related to production, liquefaction, storage, distribution, safety, and economics. The optimal solutions to these unsettled topics will vary depending on the region, industry sector, and application.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Decarbonizing Mobility with Liquid Hydrogen</b> provides a brief and balanced assessment of the relevant technologies, established practices, system operations, emerging trends, strategic considerations, and economic drivers. Addressing these unsettled topics is tied to the evolving economic strategies of governmental policies, public and private investment, competitive structures, regional approaches, and innovative business models.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Freiría, Heber, Alejandro Nin Pratt, and Gonzalo Muñoz. Productividad y eficiencia en la producción ganadera pastoril en América Latina: Los casos de Bolivia y Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003150.
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El estudio examina el desempeño de la producción ganadera en Bolivia y Colombia. Se trata de dos ganaderías con diferente trayectoria, madurez tecnológica, y desempeño productivo, y que tienen en común la existencia de “frontera agrícola”, es decir, cambios de uso del suelo que permiten incorporar tierras de pastoreo a la ganadería, a partir de bosques. En el caso de Bolivia, el estudio se limitó a la región oriental, compuesta por los departamentos de Beni y Santa Cruz, que concentra la mayor parte del inventario ganadero del país. Beni, el departamento tradicionalmente ganadero, muestra estancamiento en el período, en lo que respecta al inventario ganadero y la productividad. No han existido inversiones ni cambio técnico importantes en materia de alimentación y manejo del ganado. En Santa Cruz se ha producido un incremento importante de la producción en la primera mitad del período, con aumentos de productividad basados en el cambio técnico. Este cambio técnico se asocia a la implantación de pasturas, a partir de cambios en el uso del suelo. El crecimiento observado en Santa Cruz, en la primera mitad del período (hasta 2012) se detiene a partir de ese año, y la productividad de los factores decrece, dando como resultado un aumento de productividad casi nulo en el total del período analizado. El cambio técnico operado, basado en un modelo de cambio de uso del suelo con siembra de pastos, en competencia por la tierra con soja y otros cultivos, mostró su potencial de generar crecimiento, pero no fue capaz de sostenerlo. La ganadería colombiana muestra un importante incremento de producción en el período analizado. Puesto que los factores de producción (básicamente tierra e inventario ganadero), se incrementan en menor proporción, se verifica un considerable incremento en la productividad de los factores. Existe heterogeneidad en el desempeño entre rubros y regiones. La ganadería de leche es muy importante en Colombia, y predomina en regiones de trópico alto, relativamente maduras en tecnología. Al analizar la evolución de la productividad de los factores, sin embargo, la tasa de crecimiento es mayor en las regiones en que predomina la ganadería de carne. Incluso se verifica cierta sustitución entre rubros, con avance de la producción de carne en todas las regiones. El crecimiento se asocia a mejoras en nutrición del ganado, por siembra de pastos, y en menor medida suministro de suplementos. El diferente comportamiento de los rubros se refleja en su diferente capacidad de competir ante la producción importada, en la medida que la protección se reduce en el marco de los acuerdos comerciales suscritos por el país. La producción ganadera pastoril tiene a su vez implicancias ambientales Los análisis realizados en este estudio, muestran que una variable determinante de la intensidad de emisiones es la productividad de los factores. Debido a esto, la ganadería colombiana presenta menores intensidades de emisión, y con reducción a tasas mayores que las del oriente boliviano. Otro aspecto decisivo en el balance de GEI está dado por los cambios en uso del suelo asociados a la ganadería. Si la producción ganadera que reemplaza bosques no lo hace con alta productividad, el balance resultante afectará en mayor medida el desempeño ambiental de la ganadería de los países.