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Journal articles on the topic "Medical standards review organizations (Medicine)"
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Belanger, Anne C. "Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' Expectations for Transfusion Medicine in Health Care Organizations." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 123, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-0472-jcoaoh.
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Abstract This article provides an overview of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' standards related to transfusion medicine found in its hospital, laboratory, and home care accreditation manuals. Hospital standards focus on the review and evaluation of the entire transfusion process from the order through the outcome to the patient, with special attention to the blood use review process. Laboratory standards provide the structure for the detailed review of the technical procedures and practices for collecting, processing, storing, testing, and transporting blood products. Home care standards relate to policies and procedures, infection control practices, education of the patient and family, and monitoring of adverse events and complications for transfusions of blood products performed in the home.
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Holroyd, B. R., M. S. Beeson, T. Hughes, L. Kurland, J. Sherbino, M. Truesdale, and W. Hersh. "P071: Content of clinical informatics in international training standards for emergency medicine specialists." CJEM 20, S1 (May 2018): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.269.
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Introduction: The field of Clinical Informatics (CI) and specifically the electronic health record, has been identified as a key facilitator to achieve a sustainable evidence-based healthcare system for the future. International graduate medical education programs have been challenged to ensure their trainees are provided with appropriate skills to deliver effective and efficient healthcare in an evolving environment. This study explored how international Emergency Medicine (EM) specialist training standards address training in relevant areas of CI. Methods: A list of categories of CI competencies relative to EM was developed following a thematic review of published references documenting CI curriculum and competencies. Publically available, published documents outlining core content, curriculum and competencies from international organizations responsible for specialty graduate medical education and/or credentialing in EM for the United States, Canada, Australasia, the United Kingdom and Europe. These EM training standards were reviewed to identify inclusion of topics related to the relevant categories of CI competencies. Results: A total of 23 EM curriculum documents were included in the thematic analysis. Curricula content related to critical appraisal/evidence based medicine, leadership, quality improvement and privacy/security were included in all EM curricula. The CI topics related to fundamental computer skills, computerized provider order entry and patient-centered informatics were only included in the EM curricula documents for the United States and were absent for each other organization. Conclusion: There is variation in the CI related content of the international EM specialty training standards which were reviewed. Given the increasing importance of CI in the future delivery of healthcare, organizations responsible for training and credentialing specialist emergency physicians must ensure their training standards incorporate relevant CI content, thus ensuring their trainees gain competence in essential aspects of CI.
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Chia, Elisha Wan Ying, Kuang Teck Tay, Shiwei Xiao, Yao Hao Teo, Yun Ting Ong, Min Chiam, Ying Pin Toh, Stephen Mason, Annelissa Mien Chew Chin, and Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna. "The Pivotal Role of Host Organizations in Enhancing Mentoring in Internal Medicine: A Scoping Review." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052095664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520956647.
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In undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, mentoring offers personalized training and plays a key role in continuing medical education and the professional development of healthcare professionals. However, poor structuring of the mentoring process has been attributed to failings of the host organization and, as such, we have conducted a scoping review on the role of the host organization in mentoring programs. Guided by Levac et al’s methodological framework and a combination of thematic and content analysis, this scoping review identifies their “defining” and secondary roles. Whilst the “defining” role of the host is to set standards, nurture, and oversee the mentoring processes and relationships, the secondary roles comprise of supporting patient care and specific responsibilities toward the mentee, mentor, program, and organization itself. Critically, striking a balance between structure and flexibility within the program is important to ensure consistency in the mentoring approach whilst accounting for the changing needs and goals of the mentees and mentors.
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Tishkina, S. N., V. E. Matskevich, Yu A. Ledovskikh, E. V. Semakova, and V. V. Omelyanovskiy. "Regulatory framework of the oncological medical care provision." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2020.052.
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Aim. To conduct an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework on the resources provision required in medical organizations for the provision of oncological medical care based on clinical guidelines.Materials and methods. Using Russian normative legal and regulative documents on the oncological medical care, the authors studied the normative regulation of the issues of both resources’ provision for medical organizations and resources’ demand assessment, including the need for financial support from various sources of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The analysis was carried out in two regulatory areas: financing and organization of the provision of medical care. The authors examined the main legislation acts relating to oncological medical care, including documents of the compulsory medical insurance, the annual decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation on the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for the coming year and the planned period, the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation regulating the provision of medicines and medical products, provisions on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for the provision of oncological medical care, regulatory documents on clinical guidelines and standards of medical care.Results. The content analysis of the studied materials showed that certain components of the resources’ provision, including the financial provision of oncological medical care, are regulated by various regulatory documents, and there is no methodology for assessing the resources’ demand based on clinical guidelines.Conclusion. New approaches to assessing the resources’ demand for the provision of medical care and the required financial support based on clinical guidelines need to be developed.
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Miniati, MS, Roberto, Fabrizio Dori, MS, Ernesto Iadanza, MS, Marco Lo Sardo, BSEE, and Sergio Boncinelli, MD. "Longitudinal expandable shelter for medical response during disasters." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2010.0027.
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Introduction: During medical emergencies, hospitals represent the final point of the whole rescue process. Therefore, effective health mobile structures have to be inserted between hospitals and the place of the event with the aim of giving the best of cures (using appropriate and easy to use equipment) for a safer and faster evacuation to hospitals.Methods: Literature review and national and international disaster medicine standards were the basis for this study to provide clinical, hygienical, and organizational needs to satisfy for the medical structure design. Project requirements have been obtained by analyzing structural, organizational, and clinical process necessities. Structural requirements respond to the possibility of installation on every ground type, resistance to every weather condition, and necessity of easy and fast transportation. Technological equipment is obtained from clinical evaluation for patient stabilization.Results: The designed structure results to be a longitudinal expandable shelter (LES) for medical emergencies response organized in three internal functional areas. Possibility of automatic expandability allows rapid transportation and easy deployment. The functional internal organization provides three areas: “Diagnostic,” “Therapeutic,” and “Pre-evacuation monitoring.” Further, longitudinal expandability supports the basic hygienical rules in healthcare processes allowing the unidirectional flow of casualties from dirtier to cleaner areas of the structure.Conclusions: LES represents the answer to expressed requisites by disaster medicine standards and guidelines. It aims to provide an efficient and effective support for sanitary aid in response to disasters or emergencies, by improving aspects related to effectiveness, hygiene, and quality of clinical performances especially for highest critical cases.
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Foucar, Elliott. "Pathology Expert Witness Testimony and Pathology Practice: A Tale of 2 Standards." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-1268-pewtap.
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Abstract Context.—Pathologists work in an environment in which, to the extent possible, diagnostic decisions are based on scientific principles. It can therefore be a rather shocking experience when a pathologist finds one of his or her diagnostic decisions being evaluated by a legal system developed and controlled by lawyers and judges rather than by scientists or pathologists. This experience can be even more troubling when a key participant in the proceedings is a fellow pathologist guiding a jury toward an unfamiliar interpretation of the pathology standard of care. Objective.—To provide the interested pathologist with the background information necessary to (1) understand the role of expert testimony in malpractice litigation and (2) understand why there can be a gap between expert opinions expressed in court and expert opinions expressed in a medical care context. Data Sources.—Medical literature review supplemented by review of subspecialty position papers, selected articles from newspapers and magazines, and legal decisions. The medical literature review was limited to articles published in English and was based largely on articles retrieved using the MeSH terms expert testimony/legislation & jurisprudence, and pathology/legislation & jurisprudence. Conclusions.—Medical error has become an increasingly important topic for pathologists, and although errors or allegations of error are evaluated in many ways, the evaluation with the most impact on the individual pathologist is a malpractice case. During the last decade physicians have increasingly become aware of the critical role played by expert testimony in malpractice litigation. Some physicians have asserted that providing expert testimony is the practice of medicine, and that it is unacceptable for juries to be presented with expert testimony that incorrectly describes medical practice standards. However, this opinion has been vigorously opposed by attorneys who feel that juries are best able to come to a correct conclusion if they base their deliberations on a broad spectrum of opinion. Gaining an increased role in the oversight of expert testimony would allow physicians to establish a closer alignment between opinions expressed in court testimony and opinions expressed in clinical practice. However, despite some physician success in inserting themselves into the oversight process, both physicians and physician organizations attempting to take action against misleading expert testimony continue to be vulnerable to legal attack.
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Lepre, Breanna, Kylie J. Mansfield, Sumantra Ray, and Eleanor Beck. "Reference to nutrition in medical accreditation and curriculum guidance: a comparative analysis." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000234.
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ObjectivePoor diet is a leading cause of death worldwide. Doctors are well placed to provide dietary advice, yet nutrition remains insufficiently integrated into medical education. Enforcement of curriculum or accreditation requirements such as nutrition requires relevant regulatory frameworks. The aim of this review was to identify nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education in accreditation standards or formal curriculum guidance for medical education internationally.DesignNon-systematic comparative analysis.Data sourcesAn internet search using the Google Search engine, the WHO Directory of Medical Schools and Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research Directory of Organizations that Recognise/Accredit Medical Schools was conducted through September 2020 to identify government and organisational reports as well as publications from regulatory and professional bodies relevant to medical education.Eligibility criteriaEligible publications included (A) accreditation standards, (B) competency standards or a framework, (C) curricula, and (D) assessment content.Data extraction and synthesisWe stratified findings by country or region and both preregistration and postregistration education. Findings were synthesised based on the existence of nutrition content or requirements for nutrition education within systems used to guide medical education internationally.ResultsThis review found that despite an emphasis on meeting the needs of the community and the demands of the labour market, only 44% of accreditation and curriculum guidance included nutrition. Nutrition remains inadequately represented in accreditation and curriculum guidance for medical education at all levels internationally. Accreditation standards provide a mandated framework for curricula and inclusion of nutrition in accreditation frameworks provides an incentive for the integration of nutrition into medical education.ConclusionsThis review is a call to action for the medical profession including government, health agencies and educational and accreditation entities. The inclusion of nutrition in medical education has appeared throughout medical education literature for more than five decades, yet without consensus standards there is little likelihood of uniform adoption.
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Barr, Justin, and Theodore N. Pappas. "The Role of the American Board of Surgery in the Development of Surgical Residencies in Post–World War II America." American Surgeon 85, no. 3 (March 2019): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500326.
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The creation of Boards fundamentally altered the American medical landscape and transformed the process of educating physicians. The American Board of Surgery, founded in 1937, epitomized this role. It established expectations, implemented an inspection system to enforce those standards, and ultimately collaborated with other professional organizations to create the Residency Review Committee that endures today. Using surgery as an example, we show how the appeal of board certification imbued Boards with the power and authority to reshape graduate medical education in their image in post–World War II America.
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Shah, Manish A., Thomas K. Oliver, Douglas E. Peterson, Kaitlin Einhaus, Bryan J. Schneider, Neelima Denduluri, and Mariana Chavez-MacGregor. "ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsements and Adaptations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 8 (March 10, 2020): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.02839.
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ASCO engages in the endorsement and adaptation of clinical practice guidelines to recognize the high-quality work of other guideline-developing organizations, to avoid duplication of effort, and to offer harmonized recommendations across guideline development groups. ASCO develops guidelines in accordance with the principles of the National Academy of Medicine and Council of Medical Specialty Societies. Guidelines developed in a similar manner by other organizations make endorsement by ASCO more likely. If allowed by the partnering organization, ASCO may consider an adaptation of a guideline, building on the original guideline with further inquiry or modifications. Organizations seeking ASCO endorsement consideration are provided with ASCO’s endorsement and adaptation procedures at the time of endorsement submission They can request either Endorsement or Endorsement or Adaptation. ASCO endorsement entails a formal review by an independent ASCO Expert Panel, and, if modifications to the recommendations are made, depending upon the original endorsement request, guidelines will be adapted or discontinued, rather than endorsed. The process begins with approval from ASCO’s Clinical Practice Guideline Committee (CPGC) leadership to proceed with endorsement development. An ASCO Expert Panel of approximately 10 multidisciplinary content experts, patient representatives, community oncologists, and relevant health providers is formed to develop an ASCO endorsement. ASCO’s Conflict of Interest Policy Implementation for Clinical Practice Guidelines and procedures apply to all ASCO expert panels. The CPGC reviews and approves all ASCO guideline products on behalf of ASCO. The endorsement process described in this report is designed to preserve a high-quality and resource-efficient approach for potential ASCO endorsement or adaptation of guidelines developed by other health professional organizations, while maintaining the objectivity, quality, and high standards reflective of ASCO’s guiding principles.
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Diachuk, D. D., O. L. Ziukov, O. M. Lishchyshyna, and A. V. Stepanenko. "INFORMATION SOURCES SUPPORTING MANAGERIAL DECISIONS ON HEALTH CARE IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SITUATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF COVID-19 MANAGEMENT)." Клінічна та профілактична медицина 4, no. 14 (December 20, 2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31612/2616-4868.4(14).2020/covid-19.
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Abstract. In light of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), we carried out a regular review of the information resources of international organizations specializing in combating infectious diseases, as well as governmental and intergovernmental organizations of the world's leading countries with strong economies and stringent regulatory systems in January-December 2020.
The analysis of the materials accumulated on the monitoring results revealed some differences in the legislation and practice of health care organization in Ukraine. First of all, this is a small number of registered clinical trials on COVID-19 prevention and treatment, as well as the lack of permit to use medicines for the indications which are not in basic prescribing information, in particular, "compassionate treatment" programs or emergency access to medicines, which are in clinical trials.
In the absence of traditional evidence of the health interventions effectiveness, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of identifying reliable information sources, transparency, quick and widespread information disclosure and experience exchange on challenging issues of resource and risk management, communication and public health activities, discussion of organizational forms and clinical activities in public health in the vast majority of countries. The establishment of independent monitoring and analytical centers, the participation of professional communities in various studies is an example of the rapid scientific data acquisition and supporting recommendations on various aspects of countering the pandemic.
Based on the analysis of international data published in reliable sources, the legislation has been changed in Ukraine, the approaches to planning the transformation of the health care system have been identified to increase its resistance to the infectious diseases epidemic, the quarantine measures and other restrictions have been justified, the standards of medical and pharmaceutical care have been presented, the measures to ensure the availability of medical care for patients with health disorders of other etiologies and priority areas for the development of health care facilities to protect medical staff and patients have been identified.
Books on the topic "Medical standards review organizations (Medicine)"
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Lohr, Kathleen N. Peer review organizations: Quality assurance in medicare. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand Corporation, 1985.
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Branch, Great Britain Dept of Health Professional Regulation. The regulation of the non-medical healthcare professions: A review. Leeds: Dept. of Health, 2006.
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Office, General Accounting. Medicare PROs: Extreme variation in organizational structure and activities : fact sheet for the chairman, Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Office, General Accounting. Medicare PROs: Extreme variation in organizational structure and activities : fact sheet for the chairman, Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Health, United States Congress Senate Committee on Finance Subcommittee on. Peer review organizations: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 19, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health. Peer review organizations: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, April 19, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health. Peer review organizations under the Medicare Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, March 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Health, United States Congress Senate Committee on Finance Subcommittee on. Peer review organizations under the Medicare Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, March 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health. Peer review organizations under the Medicare Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, first session, March 27, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Medicare PROs: Extreme variation in organizational structure and activities : fact sheet for the chairman, Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medical standards review organizations (Medicine)"
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Orford, Robert R., and Hamid Rehman. "Occupational Medicine." In Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Public Health Board Review, 219–29. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199743018.003.0014.
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Occupational medicine is the medical specialty devoted to 1) prevention and management of occupational injury, illness, and disability, and 2) promotion of health and productivity of workers, their families, and communities. Historically, occupational medicine was termed industrial medicine when heavy industry (eg, lumbering, automobile manufacturing, mining, railroads, steel manufacturing) employed physicians to provide acute medical and surgical care for workers. However, by 1945, medical programs had spread to business organizations that predominantly were staffed with clerical and service employees (eg, banks, insurance companies, mercantile establishments). The broader designation of occupational medicine then came into common use. Occupational medicine was recognized as a specialty by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in 1955.
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Alamri, Abdullah. "Semantic Health Mediation and Access Control Manager for Interoperability Among Healthcare Systems." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 169–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch009.
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Healthcare systems have evolved to become more patient-centric. Many efforts have been made to transform paper-based patient data to automated medical information by developing electronic healthcare records (EHRs). Several international EHRs standards have been enabling healthcare interoperability and communication among a wide variety of medical centres. It is a dual-model methodology which comprises a reference information model and an archetype model. The archetype is responsible for the definition of clinical concepts which has limitations in terms of supporting complex reasoning and knowledge discovery requirements. The objective of this article is to propose a semantic-mediation architecture to support semantic interoperability among healthcare organizations. It provides an intermediate semantic layer to exploit clinical information based on richer ontological representations to create a “model of meaning” for enabling semantic mediation. The proposed model also provides secure mechanisms to allow interoperable sharing of patient data between healthcare organizations.
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Kern, Josipa. "Standardization in Health and Medical Informatics." In Medical Informatics in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 323–29. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-078-3.ch017.
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When things go well then often it is because they conform to standards (ISO, 2005). According to the Oxford Dictionary of Modern English, there is a lot of explanation of what standard means, but, in context of the first sentence, the best meaning is «standard is a thing or quality or specification by which something may be tested or measured». Personal computer is a standardized computer. It means that any of its components is made according to strictly defined specification. Consequently, it does not matter who produces components and where they are produced. Industry put the first demand for standards. Especially standardization is extremely important for electronics, for information and communication technology (ICT), and its application in different areas. Nowadays developing of standards is organized on global, international level, but it exists also on national level, well harmonized with international one. Developers of standards are organizations and groups working on this matter. The leading standard developer in the world is International Standards Organization (ISO). ISO is a nongovernmental organization established on 23 February 1947. Its mission is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity (ISO, 2005). ISO collaborates with its partners in international standardization, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a non-governmental body, whose scope of activities complements ISO’s. The ISO and the IEC cooperate on a joint basis with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), part of the United Nations Organization and its members are governments. The ISO standard can be recognized by the ISO logo, ISO prefix and the designation, “International Standard”. European developer of standards is the European Committee for Standardisation (Comité Européen de Normalisation – CEN). It was founded in 1961 by the national standards bodies in the European Economic Community and EFTA countries. CEN promotes voluntary technical harmonization in Europe in conjunction with worldwide bodies and its partners in Europe and the conformity assessment of products and their certification (CEN, 2005). CEN cooperates with the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Product of this cooperation is the European standard which can be recognized by the prefix EN. Any added prefix to the existing one, for both ISO and CEN standard, means that this standard is result of cooperation with other standardization group or organization. The prefix ENV in European standardization means that this standard is not yet a full standard (it is under development by CEN). ISO and CEN have Technical Committees working in the specific areas. ISO/TC215, established in 1998, and CEN/TC251, established in 1991, are corresponding technical committees working on standardization in health and medical informatics in ISO and CEN. Both standardization bodies, the ISO and CEN cooperate, and they mutually exchange their standards. There are also a variety of organizations and groups developing standards, cooperating with ISO and CEN or acting as administer and coordinator in standardization. For example, there are Health Level 7 (HL7), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system, etc.
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Caplan, Louis R. "Toronto University and Medical School and Internship in Detroit." In C. Miller Fisher, edited by Louis R. Caplan, 12–22. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603656.003.0002.
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Abstract: Fisher’s medical school experience and training are described in this chapter. Medical education and medicine in general at the time of Fisher’s matriculation seem quite primitive and undisciplined by today’s standards. A very brief review of the history of medicine and medical education up to that time places the situation during the 1930s when Fisher matriculated into perspective. William Osler’s career, which predated but influenced Fisher, is described. Fisher’s medical internship at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, is also briefly discussed. During his entire medical career, Fisher maintained a strong commitment to accurate measurement and quantification of physical signs and observations, a discipline he first learned in Toronto as a student.
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Li-Sauerwine, Simiao, and Diane L. Gorgas. "“I Want a Baby, But Not With Him”." In Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine, 147–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066420.003.0020.
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This chapter addresses the ethical issues surrounding provision of emergency contraception in the emergency department. The highlighted case illustrates a case in which a nulliparous woman presents to the emergency department after consensual intercourse and requests emergency contraception. We review recommendations by national organizations regarding emergency contraception, including for which patients and in what situations emergency contraception should be offered. We discuss the disparity between providers in offering emergency contraception and drivers of this disparity, including patient characteristics and provider personal beliefs and education about emergency contraception. Finally, we discuss the validity of conscientious objection in providing emergency contraception in the framework of the principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.
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Parry, Emma. "Statistical Measures in Maternity Care." In Medical Informatics in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 94–105. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-078-3.ch007.
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Pregnancy is unique in medicine in providing a discrete event with a fixed end. It is well suited to data collection and statistical assessment. This chapter systematically reviews the antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal (both maternal and neonatal) aspects of care. The range of events that can occur and their classification is discussed. In many cases there is variation in classification around the world and between different organizations. These complexities are discussed. Once data is collected there are a number of ways to analyze it depending on what is wanted. Issues of appropriate numerator and denominator are discussed and the pitfalls which can occur. Use of data, both original and derived, is discussed in terms of type of use: planning, benchmarking, process review and research, and by whom: individual, local unit, country level, or internationally.
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Aggarwal, Neerja, Pawan Kumar Kare, and Sudip Kumar Datta. "Ethics in Laboratory Medicine: An Overview of Considerations for Ethical Issues." In Bioethics in Medicine and Society. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96122.
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Several ethical issues exist within the diagnostic medical laboratory. The major ethical challenges such as; consent, confidentiality, codes of conduct, conflict of interest, lab utilisation, proficiency, and direct access testing are some times more prevalent in resource-limited settings. Presently, decisions regarding diagnosis and patient’s treatment are commonly taken on the basis of outcomes and interpretations of laboratory test results. Therefore, ethics plays a significant role in laboratory medicine. Apart from the lab results, laboratory staff is another important aspect of the laboratory. Hence, it is highly recommended that knowledge of ethics helps to protect confidence; operational integrity, capability, impartiality, and safety of the staff. Many countries and their professional societies have developed policies and guidance material with regard to ethical issues in the area of laboratory medicine. The organizations specially; International of federation of clinical chemistry (IFCC), American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) have defined ethical recommendations for clinical laboratories. They are, in general, outlined the responsibilities of laboratory professionals towards their profession, the patient, and the society. However, implication of ethical standards and guidelines are vary between different cultures, geographies, and according to available resources. In this chapter, we have mentioned the ethical consideration of IFCC, AACC and ISO 15189:2012 with regard to laboratory medicine and also addressed the various ethical issues that arises day to day in laboratory medicine in the current scenario.
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Carter, Tim, Heather G. Major, Sally A. Evans, and Andrew P. Colvin. "Health and transport safety: fitness to drive." In Fitness for Work, 564–71. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199643240.003.0028.
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Fitness to work in all modes of transport, where this may put members of the public or other workers at risk, has long been an area of public concern. Because inadequate performance may endanger fellow workers or the public and put expensive assets at risk, frameworks for statutory regulation have been developed. This chapter uses fitness to drive, the area of widest interest, as an example, but each mode of transport has its own pattern of performance requirements and hence fitness standards, although they have much in common. Separate appendices cover fitness to work in the rail industry, as a seafarer, and in aviation. The risks to the safety of others posed by performance deficits or incapacitation has meant that decisions on fitness are frequently taken not for the benefit of the person examined but to safeguard those at risk as a consequence of their actions. Hence hard decisions often have to be taken and for this reason standards for medical aspects of fitness are usually formal and often published. They are usually applied by physicians acting on behalf of regulatory authorities and have associated review or appeal mechanisms available to those who have been failed or restricted. Standards are necessarily based on the balance between public risk and potential loss of employment, with the former predominating. The evidence base for current standards is of variable quality and this is often a cause of contention. Patient groups and equal opportunities organizations may find it difficult to accept the concept of standards based on epidemiological evidence of risk. They may cite equality legislation to encourage applicants to demand individual assessment of risk and job adaptations to allow employment, often in situations where this is impossible. In addition to long-term health problems that are handled by reference to such formal standards, transport workers may also have short-term decrements in performance from injury, minor illness, or medication. In some areas, e.g. aviation, even short-term decreases in medical fitness are subject to national or international regulation.
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Schultz, Robert A. "Professional Duties." In Contemporary Issues in Ethics and Information Technology, 44–59. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-779-9.ch004.
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It is perhaps easiest to begin the application of ethics to information technology with the ethical responsibilities of IT professionals. Several ethical codes have been developed, and in this chapter we will see how the concepts of Part I apply to these codes. My aim is to establish the ethical basis of these codes. The underlying ethical concepts are Rawlsian, but not his Principles of Justice (Rawls, 1999). Rather, they are distinctions developed as part of the theory of right action. The distinction between duty and obligation is particularly relevant. In addition, something needs to be said about the concept of a profession. Most IT professionals have a very strong sense of their responsibilities as IT professionals. In a way, it is astonishing that such a young profession has developed such a strong sense of its own ethical identity so quickly. Older professions such as Medicine or Law have traditions going back over two thousand years, and their standards have been incorporated into law in most areas. Although IT has its professional organizations, such as the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP), those organizations do not currently perform a widely recognized credentialing function. Although these organizations promulgate model curricula, they have nothing like the force of the American Medical Association (AMA) certification for medical schools, or the American Bar Association (ABA) certification of law schools. Since IT is a profession without benefit of the formal apparatus of the older professions, it follows that the credentialing and legal sanctions of the older professions are not what makes them professions. Credentialing and legal sanctions safeguard what was already there, namely a calling shared by individuals. Professions differ from mere jobs because those in professions commit themselves indefinitely toward serving a goal beyond their own self-interest, which is their primary focus. Thus, those in the medical profession commit themselves to healing people, and those in the law commit themselves to interpreting and applying the law and preserving the integrity of the legal process. Professional athletes similarly commit themselves to practicing their sport as well as they can. All professionals are prepared to set aside their individual interests when their profession requires it. The basis of a profession—an individually adopted goal beyond self-interest—is also the essential basis for professional ethics.1 What then is this goal for IT professionals? What do IT professionals feel called to do? I think their calling is to provide the best functioning IT systems (infrastructure and applications) possible in the organizational context in which they are dealing. In terms of this calling, IT professionals know what they need to take responsibility for in the technical area, even when managers or clients have other ideas. These responsibilities are often not mandated by management. Indeed, management may not even be aware that IT professionals have assumed and carried out these responsibilities. Yet the well-being of the organization may very well depend on these responsibilities being carried out. A good example is data integrity; nonprofessionals usually have only a vague idea of what is involved in insuring data integrity, and yet failures in insuring data integrity will almost certainly compromise the usability of a system. Even without formal, generally accepted credentialing for IT professionals, there is still a distinct calling recognized by IT professionals with duties attached to it. The absence of generally accepted credentialing does, however, create possibilities for conflicts with management and others, which we will discuss later in this chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Medical standards review organizations (Medicine)"
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Öngel, Volkan, and Emel Duran. "Analysis of Cerrrahpaşa Medical School Hospital's Children Nephrology Service in Terms of Length of Stay in 2012." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01428.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that operational costs of health care organizations constitute an important part of health expenditure in the world. Careful examination of all kinds affecting costs is inevitable in order to provide more effective and efficient health care services. For this reason, in the study, impact of factors affecting hospitalization period on costs is mentioned. The purpose of the study is to measure the effects of these factors on costs by identifying the factors prolonging the duration of patients’ hospital stay. It is regarded that the factors extending the duration of patients’ hospital stay increase the costs. In the scope of the study, 405 patients who are discharged from Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Hospital Pediatric Nephrology Service in 2012 are discussed. Variables of the study, the average hospitalization days, number of patients, the maximum number of patients, bed occupancy rate, bed turnover and bed units are used in the rev range. The data of the patients included in our study has been gathered with the help of retrospective study area, retrospective method, scanning archives, and financial epicrisis in the system of hospital automation. The obtained data have been studied on standard deviation, maximum and minimum value by making use of the excel programme. As a result of studies based on these reviews, it has been found out that the factors extending the period of patients’ hospital stay increase the costs.