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1
TRECATE, LETIZIA. "Epidemiologia e sviluppo di modelli per l'oidio e la peronospora del melone." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35876.
Full textAbstract:
Le cucurbitacee possono essere attaccate da più di 200 malattie, una corretta gestione è dunque fondamentale per ridurre il rischio di perdite di produzione, sia in termini di quantità sia in termini di qualità. Tra le malattie più importanti che attaccano le cucurbitacee ci sono l’oidio e la peronospora delle cucurbitacee.
Podosphaera xanthii e Golovinomyces cichoracearum sono gli agenti causali dell’oidio. È stato studiato l’effetto della temperature sulla germinazione dei conidi in ambiente controllato a 6 temperature costanti (da 10 a 35°C, ad intervalli di 5C°) da 3 a 72 ore. La temperature ottimale per la germinazone, l’infezione e la sporulazione è risultata essere rispettivamente 24.4, 25.7 e 21.3°C per P. xanthii e 17.9, 17.3 e 16.2°C per G. cichoracearum.
Un modello meccanicistico è stato sviluppato per il rischio che i due agenti patogeni causassero un attacco di oidio. Il modello simula la germinazione su foglie infettate sulla base delle condizioni ambientali di temperatura e umidità relativa. Le equazioni che calcolano la germinazione delle dei conidi di entrambi i funghi sono state sviluppate sulla base di dati presenti in bibliografia.
Un secondo modello meccanicistico è stato sviluppato per Pseudoperonospora cubensis, agente causale della peronospora delle cucurbitacee. Il modello calcola la data di comparsa dei sintomi e la probabilità del superamento di determinate soglie di gravità della malattia, sulla base di sotto-processi dell’infezione. Il passaggio da uno stato dell’infezione al successivo è dipendente dalle condizioni ambientali.
Entrambi i modelli sono stati validati confrontando i dati ottenuti dai modelli con dati indipendenti rilevati in coltivazioni del nord Italia.<br>Cucurbits are potentially affected by more than 200 diseases of diverse etiologies, so a good disease management is crucial to reduce the risk of high yield losses in terms of quantity and quality. Among the more important diseases there are powdery and downy mildew.
Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum are the causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildew. The effect of temperature on conidial germination was studied in controlled condition at 6 constant temperature (from 10 to 35°C, step 5°C) for 3 to 72 hours. Optima temperature for conidial germination, infection and sporulation were 24.4, 25.7 and 21.3°C respectively for P. xanthii and 17.9, 17.3 and 16.2°C for G. cichoracearum.
A mechanistic model was developed for the risk posed by P. xanthii and G. cichoracearum to cause cucurbit powdery mildew. The model simulates germination on infected leaves on the base of environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Equation regulating spore germination of both fungi were developed using published data.
Another mechanistic model was develop also for Pseudoperonospora cubensis, causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew. The model calculates the symptoms appearance and the probability of overtaking severity threshold based on sub-processes of infection. Changes from one state of the infection to the following one depend on environmental conditions.
Both models were validated by comparing model outputs with independent data sets collected in fields located in the north of Italy.
2
TRECATE, LETIZIA. "Epidemiologia e sviluppo di modelli per l'oidio e la peronospora del melone." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35876.
Full textAbstract:
Le cucurbitacee possono essere attaccate da più di 200 malattie, una corretta gestione è dunque fondamentale per ridurre il rischio di perdite di produzione, sia in termini di quantità sia in termini di qualità. Tra le malattie più importanti che attaccano le cucurbitacee ci sono l’oidio e la peronospora delle cucurbitacee.
Podosphaera xanthii e Golovinomyces cichoracearum sono gli agenti causali dell’oidio. È stato studiato l’effetto della temperature sulla germinazione dei conidi in ambiente controllato a 6 temperature costanti (da 10 a 35°C, ad intervalli di 5C°) da 3 a 72 ore. La temperature ottimale per la germinazone, l’infezione e la sporulazione è risultata essere rispettivamente 24.4, 25.7 e 21.3°C per P. xanthii e 17.9, 17.3 e 16.2°C per G. cichoracearum.
Un modello meccanicistico è stato sviluppato per il rischio che i due agenti patogeni causassero un attacco di oidio. Il modello simula la germinazione su foglie infettate sulla base delle condizioni ambientali di temperatura e umidità relativa. Le equazioni che calcolano la germinazione delle dei conidi di entrambi i funghi sono state sviluppate sulla base di dati presenti in bibliografia.
Un secondo modello meccanicistico è stato sviluppato per Pseudoperonospora cubensis, agente causale della peronospora delle cucurbitacee. Il modello calcola la data di comparsa dei sintomi e la probabilità del superamento di determinate soglie di gravità della malattia, sulla base di sotto-processi dell’infezione. Il passaggio da uno stato dell’infezione al successivo è dipendente dalle condizioni ambientali.
Entrambi i modelli sono stati validati confrontando i dati ottenuti dai modelli con dati indipendenti rilevati in coltivazioni del nord Italia.<br>Cucurbits are potentially affected by more than 200 diseases of diverse etiologies, so a good disease management is crucial to reduce the risk of high yield losses in terms of quantity and quality. Among the more important diseases there are powdery and downy mildew.
Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces cichoracearum are the causal agents of cucurbit powdery mildew. The effect of temperature on conidial germination was studied in controlled condition at 6 constant temperature (from 10 to 35°C, step 5°C) for 3 to 72 hours. Optima temperature for conidial germination, infection and sporulation were 24.4, 25.7 and 21.3°C respectively for P. xanthii and 17.9, 17.3 and 16.2°C for G. cichoracearum.
A mechanistic model was developed for the risk posed by P. xanthii and G. cichoracearum to cause cucurbit powdery mildew. The model simulates germination on infected leaves on the base of environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Equation regulating spore germination of both fungi were developed using published data.
Another mechanistic model was develop also for Pseudoperonospora cubensis, causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew. The model calculates the symptoms appearance and the probability of overtaking severity threshold based on sub-processes of infection. Changes from one state of the infection to the following one depend on environmental conditions.
Both models were validated by comparing model outputs with independent data sets collected in fields located in the north of Italy.
3
Pavirani, Laura. "Stratificazione di metalli ed ormoni in blubber e melone di Stenella coeruleoalba e correlazione con lo stato di salute degli animali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23092/.
Full textAbstract:
L’immissione di sostanze chimiche nell'ambiente marino è fonte di grandi preoccupazioni in tutto il mondo e in particolare nel Mar Mediterraneo, un bacino semichiuso in cui si concentrano forti pressioni demografiche, urbane e industriali. I cetacei sono suscettibili allo stress chimico e tendono ad accumulare nei propri tessuti corporei grandi quantità di contaminanti tossici come i metalli pesanti.
Il presente lavoro si è concentrato sulla possibile relazione tra gli elementi traccia (Hg, As, Cu, Cd, Se, Pb) e gli ormoni (T3, T4, cortisolo) individuati nel blubber e nel melone di Stenella coeruleoalba. I 34 individui analizzati sono stati trovati spiaggiati lungo le coste di Liguria, Campania e Calabria tra il 2014 e il 2019.
Per i metalli pesanti si è fatta una digestione acida a microonde dei tessuti e infine una spettroscopia di emissione al plasma (ICP-OES). Per l’analisi degli ormoni è stato eseguito il test ELISA.
Lo studio ha rivelato la validità delle matrici impiegate, blubber e melone, nella ricerca degli elementi prestabiliti. Non si evidenziano tuttavia significative differenze nei livelli di metalli e di ormoni in funzione della profondità di campionamento nel blubber. Sono però stati osservati delle interessanti relazioni tra i contaminanti e lo stato di salute degli animali che hanno confermato il potenziale immunotossico dei metalli pesanti. Quindi, si può ritenere che la presente ricerca abbia dimostrato come il monitoraggio non invasivo di blubber da specie altamente protette può fornire valide informazioni relativamente al loro stato di salute e di esposizione a contaminanti.
Una conoscenza più approfondita degli effetti dei metalli pesanti sull’omeostasi ormonale per riuscire a stabilire una relazione dose – effetto, e di come questa relazione poi si rifletta sullo stato di salute dell’animale, risulta di fondamentale importanza nell’ottica di attuazione di piani di conservazione della specie minacciata.
4
Bracci, Luca <1997>. "Influssi dell'arte nordica su Altobello Melone (1508-1518). Un esercizio di rilettura della fortuna critica e alcune considerazioni sulla giovinezza del pittore." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21312.
Full textAbstract:
Nato a Cremona intorno al 1490-91, Altobello Melone è sicuramente una delle principali personalità caratterizzanti la vivace stagione artistica vissuta dalla cittadina lombarda durante il pieno Rinascimento, nonché uno dei protagonisti di quell’intricato fenomeno, generalmente chiamato “anticlassicismo”, che a partire dalla fine del primo decennio del Cinquecento toccò molti centri nevralgici della Valpadana. Nonostante ciò, la personalità del Melone è stata spesso trascurata dalla letteratura artistica, complice anche la quasi totale assenza di informazioni certe sul pittore. Pertanto, obbiettivo di questa tesi è, anzitutto, tentare di comprendere l’evoluzione storico critica della figura di Altobello, ripercorrendo lo stato degli studi sul pittore e ponendo al vaglio, laddove possibile, la veridicità delle informazioni giunteci e delle attribuzioni a lui fatte nel corso dei secoli. Si passerà quindi ad un’analisi della sua produzione giovanile, considerando quelle che sono le principali ipotesi circa la formazione e il periodo iniziale della sua attività, svoltosi tra Cremona, Venezia e Brescia. Inoltre, si darà particolare rilievo ad una delle componenti fondamentali caratterizzanti lo stile del pittore: l’apertura verso il mondo figurativo nordico. Sviluppatasi con ogni probabilità nella città natale, disponibile fin dalla fine del Quattrocento ad accogliere le novità provenienti dalla cultura artistica d’oltralpe, questa tendenza dev’essere poi maturata durante il soggiorno veneziano, nonché negli anni immediatamente successivi, fino a raggiungere il suo climax all’altezza degli affreschi realizzati per la navata centrale della Cattedrale di Cremona, cui si dedica il capitolo conclusivo di questo testo.
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Guis, Monique. "Transformation génétique du melon Cantaloup charentais : caractérisation de melons transgéniques exprimant un gène antisens de l'ACC oxydase." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT007A.
Full textAbstract:
La maturation des fruits climacteriques est sous le controle d'une hormone vegetale, l'ethylene. Elle represente une cible privilegiee pour la manipulation genetique de la maturation. Certains fruits climacteriques, comme les melons cantaloup charentais (cucumis melo var. Cantalupensis, naud) se caracterisent par une forte production d'ethylene associee a une duree de conservation courte, ce qui constitue un obstacle a leur expansion commerciale. Des fruits presentant une inhibition de la synthese de l'ethylene par expression du gene acc oxydase en orientation antisens ont ete obtenus au laboratoire. Leur etude nous a permis de discriminer les parametres de la maturation dependants et independants de l'ethylene. Par rapport aux fruits temoins, les melons transgeniques ne presentent pas de jaunissement de l'ecorce, ni de ramollissement de la chair. Par contre la teneur en sucre et la couleur de la chair evoluent de la meme maniere pour les deux types de fruits suggerant une independance de l'ethylene. Cependant les melons a production reduite d'ethylene ne developpent pas de zone d'abscission pedonculaire, ils restent donc attaches a la plante et atteignent ainsi des teneurs en sucre plus elevees. L'influence de l'ethylene sur sa propre voie de biosynthese a egalement ete recherchee. Compares aux fruits temoins, les melons transgeniques accumulent de l'acc en grande quantite et presentent une forte activite acc synthase. Dans ces fruits transgeniques, le niveau d'accumulation du macc et l'activite de l'enzyme correspondante, la malonyl-transferase sont faibles. L'ethylene joue donc un role regulateur sur l'activite de ces deux enzymes. Les effets de l'antisens sont completement restaures par un traitement a l'ethylene exogene des fruits transgeniques. Enfin, nous discuterons les retombees de ces recherches sur le plan scientifique et commercial
6
Jinqiang, Yan. "Study of the resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus aggressive strains in the melon (Cucumis melon L.) accession PI 161375." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666767.
Full textAbstract:
L’accessió exòtica de meló PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) presenta resistència a la major part de soques de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). S’ha descrit que la resistència a soques del subgrup II de CMV és recessiva i que està controlada pel gen cmv1, que és capaç d’evitar l’entrada del virus al floema mitjançant una restricció a nivell de les cèl·lules de la beina. Aquesta restricció depèn de la proteïna de moviment (MP) viral, que és el determinant de la virulència. Per tenir resistència a la soca CMV-M6, pertanyent al subgrup I, a part de cmv1, també es requereixen dos altres QTLs: cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1. No obstant, una soca més agressiva del subgrup I, CMV-FNY, és capaç de superar la resistència conferida per cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. Aquesta tesis té com objectius (i) identificar altres QTLs responsables de la resistència a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracteritzar la resistència conferida pels QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1, i (iii) identificar els factors de virulència implicats en aquests tres QTLs. L’anàlisi de QTLs es va dur a terme mitjançant diverses poblacions F2 obtingudes del creuament entre les línies resistents a CMV-FNY, DHL142 i DHL69, i línies susceptibles. Es van detectar alguns possibles QTLs d’efecte menor als LG II, LG IX, LG X i LG XII. No obstant, cap d’aquests QTLs va ser reproduïble a les diferents poblacions avaluades, ni pels diferents mètodes de fenotipat utilitzats. Un cop avaluat el sistema d’anàlisi de QTLs emprat es va demostrar que aquest no havia estat l’apropiat per QTLs d’efecte menor. Probablement el factor limitant hauria estat la robustesa de l’avaluació fenotípica de la infecció en poblacions F2. L’estudi de la resistència, conferida per combinacions de dos o tres QTLs, va mostrar que malgrat les plantes s’acabaven infectant per CMV-FNY, hi havia un retard en la infecció, indicant que la resistència intervé restringint el moviment viral. Més endavant es va demostrar que la restricció actua a nivell de l’entrada al floema, enlloc d’intervenir a nivell del moviment del virus un cop dins del floema. Així doncs, cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 actuen dificultant el moviment de CMV-FNY al mateix punt de la infecció viral on ho fa cmv1 amb CMV-LS.
La generació de pseudorecombinants entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 i CMV-FNY / CMV-LS va demostrar que el determinant de la virulència no es troba al RNA3.
Aquests resultats suggereixen que la resistència a CMV de l’accessió SC es construeix mitjançant diferents nivells, essent cmv1 el primer nivell conferint resistència envers el subgrup II; el segon nivell cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 conferint una resistència eficient envers CMV-M6; i un tercer nivell on altres QTLs encara per determinar serien necessaris
per conferir una resistència eficient a CMV-FNY. Actualment, sabem que els dos primers nivells de resistència estarien actuant restringint l’entrada de CMV al floema<br>La accesión de melón exótico PI 161375, cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) es resistente a la mayoría de las cepas de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). La resistencia a las cepas del subgrupo II de CMV es recesiva y controlada por el gen cmv1, que es capaz de prevenir la entrada del virus en el floema deteniéndolo en las células de la vaina que rodean la vena. Esta restricción depende de la proteína de movimiento (MP), el determinante de la virulencia frente a este gen. Para resistir a la cepa CMV-M6, del subgrupo I, se requieren dos QTL más, cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, funcionando en colaboración con cmv1. Sin embargo, CMV-FNY, una cepa más agresiva del subgrupo I, es capaz de superar la resistencia conferida por cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. En esta tesis, nuestro objetivo es (i) identificar los QTL adicionales responsables de la resistencia a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracterizar la resistencia conferida por los QTL cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 e (iii) identificar los factores de virulencia involucrados con estos QTL. El análisis de QTL se abordó desarrollando varias poblaciones F2 entre las líneas DHL142 o DHL69, resistentes a CMV-FNY, y varias líneas de melón susceptibles a CMV-FNY, donde se detectaron varios QTL menores en LG II, LG IX, LG X y LG XII. Sin embargo, ninguno de estos QTLs fue detectado reproduciblemente en varias poblaciones F2, ni utilizando diferentes métodos de fenotipado, lo que indicó que nuestro sistema de detección de QTL no es apropiado para detectar QTLs menores. El factor limitante más probable puede ser la dificultad del fenotipado de la infección para la detección de QTLs en una población F2. El estudio de la resistencia conferida por combinaciones de dos o los tres QTL mostró que, aunque las plantas eran susceptibles a CMV-FNY, hubo un retraso en la infección, lo que indica que la resistencia implica una restricción del movimiento viral. Un análisis posterior mostró que la restricción funcionaba al nivel de la entrada al floema, más que al nivel del movimiento dentro del floema. Por lo tanto, esto indica que cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1 están dificultando el movimiento de CMV-FNY en el mismo paso de la infección viral donde cmv1 restringe CMV-LS. Los pseudorecombinantes generados entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 y entre CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demostraron que el determinante de virulencia no mapeaba en el RNA3. Tomados en conjunto, nuestros resultados sugieren que la resistencia al CMV en la accesión SC está formada por una serie de niveles de resistencia, siendo cmv1 el primer nivel, efectivo contra las cepas del subgrupo II; el segundo nivel, formado por cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, que cooperarían con cmv1 para proporcionar resistencia frente a CMV-M6;
y el tercer nivel sería el QTL no identificado aún, necesario para la resistencia frente a CMV-FNY. En la actualidad, sabemos que los dos primeros niveles de resistencia estarían participando en la restricción de la entrada de CMV al floema.<br>The exotic melon accession PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) shows resistance to most of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains. The resistance to CMV subgroup II strains was reported as recessive, controlled by the gene cmv1 which is able to prevent the phloem entry of the virus by restricting it in the bundle sheath cells. This restriction depends on the movement protein (MP), the determinant of virulence. Two more QTLs, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are required, working together with cmv1, for the resistance to the subgroup I strain CMV-M6. However, CMV-FNY, a more aggressive strain from subgroup I, was able to overcome the resistance conferred by cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. In this thesis we aim to (i) identify the additional QTLs responsible for the resistance to CMV-FNY, (ii) characterize the resistance conferred by the QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 and (iii) identify the virulence factors involved with these QTLs. QTL analysis was addressed developing several F2 populations made between the CMV-FNY-resistant lines DHL142, DHL69 and several CMV-FNY-susceptible melon lines. Several putative minor QTLs were detected in LG II, LG IX, LG X and LG XII. However, none of these QTLs were reproducibly detected neither in several F2 populations nor using different methods of phenotyping. The evaluation of our QTL detecting system indicated that it is not appropriate for detecting minor QTL, being the most probable limiting factor the correct phenotyping of the infection for QTL detection in a F2 population. The study of the resistance conferred by combinations of two or the three QTLs showed that, although the plants were susceptible to CMV-FNY, there was a delay in the infection, indicating that the resistance involves a restriction of the viral movement. Further analysis showed that the restriction worked at the level of phloem entry, rather than at the level of movement within the phloem. Therefore, this indicates that cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are impairing CMV-FNY movement at the same step of the viral infection where cmv1 restricts CMV-LS. Pseudorecombinants generated between CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 and between CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demonstrated that the determinant of virulence was not mapped in RNA3. Taken together, our results suggest that the resistance to CMV in SC accession is built by a series of resistance layers, being cmv1 the first layer, against subgroup II strains; the second layer, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1, that provide efficient resistance to CMV-M6; and the third layer being the unknown QTL, necessary for efficient resistance to
CMV-FNY. At present, we know that the first two layers of resistance would be working in the restriction of CMV entry to the phloem.
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Wang, You Ming. "The chemistry and biochemistry of melon fruit development and quality." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/86.
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A number of methods for the analysis of free amino acids in melon fruit have been evaluated experimentally. Analysis of their tBDMS derivatives by GC (gas chromatography) was found to be the most suitable for the mix of free amino acid found in the melon matrix. It affords good yields of amino acid derivatives with excellent gas chromatographic properties and characteristic mass spectra. The single-step derivatization procedure is highly reproducible and allows simultaneous analysis of asparagine and glutamine together with their corresponding acids. Changes in amino acids, sugars, the principal acids, volatiles and minerals in the free form were studied in the fruit mesocarp during development, ripening and storage of the fruits. Sucrose was the principal sugar, absent in young fruit but showing a dramatic increase during ripening while the levels of fructose and glucose remained constant during the whole course of fruit growth or slightly decreased during ripening and storage. The quantitative determination of 22 free amino acids was achieved by GC analysis using the method developed. Total aroma volatiles were determined using a headspace-gas chromatographic technique. They increased and reached a maximum value just before fruit full slip. Most of the esters characteristic of melon aroma were absent in young fruit but developed at the ripening stage. Changes in the quantities of mineral nutrients present in the fruits were determined by ICP-AES analysis. The concentrations of most elements increased thoughout the fruit development except for Ca which decreased markedly and Cu which decreased during early growth then fluctuated around lower values later in the development stage. All of the above changes can be related to the metabolic activity during fruit growth and maturation. Statistical analysis showed changes in TV, TSS, TS, pH, some free amino acids and some minerals were strongly correlated.
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Wang, You Ming. "The chemistry and biochemistry of melon fruit development and quality /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030606.092302/index.html.
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Bokshi, Anowarul Islam. "Postharvest disease control of melons using systemic acquired resistance and other safe methods." Connect to full text, 2008. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/3938.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2008.<br>Includes graphs and tables. Includes list of publications co-authored with others. Title from title screen (viewed November 28, 2008. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Hooghvorst, Isidre. "Development of doubled haploids, chromosome doubling and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques in melon for the next generation of breeding." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673451.
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The general aim of this PhD thesis was to study, develop and apply different breeding techniques in melon species in order to produce new commercial cultivars. The three specific objectives of this thesis are:
1. To study and evaluate the commercial value and the parthenogenetic capacity of seven genotypes of C. melo var. Inodorus “Piel de Sapo” type to obtain DH lines which might be further used as parental lines for commercial hybrid F1 seed production. The parthenogenetic generation of DHs from the seven genotypes was evaluated and optimized through the analysis and description of the different steps of the process, assaying: three haploid embryo rescue protocols, previously described in the literature; three chromosome doubling methods; and, a new cytometry flow method for evaluating the ploidy-level.
2. To develop the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 system in melon by performing a gene knockout of the melon phytoene desaturase gene (CmPDS) in protoplasts and plants.
3. To study and highlight the current methodology in major crops for DH production, the availability of chromosome-doubling methods to obtain DH lines, and the opportunities for HI-mediated genome-editing systems in DH technology. Specifically, the focus was put on haploid inducer-mediated genome-editing systems in cucurbit species to give new insights, opportunities and challenges that may be valuable for developing this
technique in cucurbits and other species.
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Valantin, Muriel. "Fécondation, environnement climatique, équilibre source-puits et qualité du melon cantaloup charentais (cucumis melo L. )." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30023.
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Nous avons modifie la charge en fruits et leur contenu en graines pour moduler les relations source-puits de la plante et determiner leur influence sur les criteres de qualite du fruit et sur la genese de la vitrescence, une alteration physiologique de la chair du melon cantaloup charentais. Nous avons caracterise sur 2 annees et avec 2 varietes le developpement et l'activite photosynthetique de l'appareil vegetatif aerien, le developpement et la croissance des fruits, la repartition des assimilats au sein de la plante entiere, et la qualite des fruits et l'incidence de la vitrescence a la recolte. Le fruit constitue un puits fort au sein de la plante entiere a cause du cout energetique eleve des graines. Sur les plantes en nouaison libre, l'essentiel de la nouaison s'est fait sur 5 jours et la photosynthese nette foliaire n'a pas ete stimulee, mais la photosynthese nette du couvert, et donc la production globale d'assimilats, a ete reduite du fait d'une diminution de la vitesse d'apparition des feuilles. Dans cette situation de competition pour les assimilats, la vitesse de croissance des fruits etait diminuee ainsi que leur calibre individuel, la fermete de la chair et sa teneur en sucres a maturite tandis que l'incidence de la vitrescence etait accrue par rapport a des fruits produits en l'absence de competition sur des plantes avec un seul fruit noue. La taille du fruit etait bien correlee a son contenu en graines pleines et un faible contenu en graines s'est traduit par une chair plus ferme et une moindre sensibilite a la vitrescence. Ces resultats, avec ceux d'une etude preliminaire sur l'appareil racinaire, ont ete integres dans un schema d'elaboration des principaux criteres de qualite du melon et d'apparition de la vitrescence.
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Fave, Céline. "Effets de la température et de l'humidité relative de l'air sur les flux d'eau, de calcium et de potassium vers le fruit de melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20613.
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Les modes de transport du Ca au sein du plant de melon et les accumulations d’eau, de matière sèche, de Ca et de K dans le fruit et les effets de facteurs climatiques ont été étudiés. Pour des études à court terme, une méthode de marquage non isotopique, basée sur l’utilisation des mimétiques respectifs du Ca et du K, respectivement le Sr et le Rb, a été mise au point. L’accumulation de Ca dans les feuilles est liée à la vitesse de transpiration des plantes, elle-même contrôlée par l’humidité relative de l’air. En outre, on n’observe aucun mouvement du Ca indépendant du flux d’eau dans des tiges excisées. Le Ca accumulé dans les feuilles peut être réexporté vers d’autres organes. Lorsque la vitesse de croissance est accélérée, l’accumulation de Ca dans le fruit est ralentie et la production de melon vitreux plus élevée. A court terme, l’humidité relative n’a pas d’effet sur les importations de Ca (Sr) et de K (Rb) dans le fruit, neuf jours après pollinisation. Les flux xylémien et phloémien alimentant le fruit et leur composition ont été analysés. La sève phloémienne de melon est pauvre en carbone et implique des entrées d’eau dans le fruit largement supérieures aux besoins du fruit, pour satisfaire la croissance et la transpiration. Ces entrées de sève phloémienne massives suggèrent un retour, du fruit vers la plante, de l’eau en excès via le xylème. L’ensemble de nos résultats ont été intégrés dans un schéma de synthèse résumant les effets des conditions climatiques affectant la migration du Ca des racines vers le fruit et pouvant favoriser l’apparition de la vitrescence.
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Francis, Andrew M. "belt melon grass." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3885.
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This essay was written largely after the completion of my thesis exhibition which shares its title. An integral aspect of the work was the after-hours maintenance it required. Below I describe the unforeseen personal significance that labor came to hold and the way in which it functioned as a healing ritual. Through this work, and those leading up to it, I have a reinvigorated awareness of the importance of therapy as an aspect of my artmaking, of which this thesis is a testament.
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Clark, L. J., R. Walser, and E. W. Carpenter. "Melon Variety Trial." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220394.
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Seven cantaloupe varieties and two Honeydew melon varieties were grown in a replicated small plot trial on the Safford Agricultural Center in 1998. Varieties were picked regularly during the growing season. Yields are shown in tabular form to indicate how each variety performed during the season.
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Umeda, Kai. "Weed Control in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146709.
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Umeda, K. "Herbicide Screen for Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214923.
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In the preemergence test, azafenidin, flufenacet, thiazopyr, isoxaben, dithiopyr, and thifensulfuron exhibited safety on cantaloupes and watermelon at rates higher than rates required for effective weed control. In the postemergence test, the margin of selectivity for melon safety and weed control was narrow for MKH-6561, flufenacet, and thifensulfuron. MKH-6561 and CGA-362622 applied preemergence did not offer any acceptable crop safety relative to the weed control that was observed. Azafenidin, thiazopyr, isoxaben, and pyrithiobac did not demonstrate adequate melon safety compared to providing good weed control.
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Umeda, Kai. "Defoliant Effect on Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219951.
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Sodium chlorate exhibited the fastest developing crop phytotoxicity symptoms within 3 days after treatment (DAT). Within three days of application, significant crop injury at 40 and 80% was observed on cantaloupes for sodium chlorate applied at 1.0 and 4.0 lb AI/A, respectively. Thidiazuron/diuron (Ginstar7) caused injury that was slightly slower to develop and the crop declined severely during the next 10 days. Ginstar at 8.0 or 12.0 oz product/A initially caused 20% crop injury. Thidiazuron (Dropp7) caused the least injury on cantaloupes and injury reached unacceptable levels at 1 WAT. Dropp at 0.1 and 0.4 lb AI/A initially showed less than 10% crop injury. Dropp at the rates tested caused minimal defoliation.
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Umeda, K., D. MacNeil, N. Lund, and D. Roberts. "Herbicide Screen for Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220345.
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Seventeen herbicides recently gaining registrations in corn, soybeans, or other major crops were evaluated in screening tests for potential use in melons. In a preemergence herbicide screening test, flumioxazin, dimethenamid, halosulfuron, and s-metolachlor demonstrated melon crop safety at rates higher than rates for effective weed control. In a postemergence screening test, halosulfuron and rimsulfuron gave acceptable weed control with adequate crop safety. Flumetsulam and thifensulfuron appeared to offer some acceptable weed control with a very narrow margin of crop safety. Herbicides that did not offer adequate melon crop safety or acceptable weed control in the screening tests were carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, cloransulam, flumiclorac, fluthiamide/metribuzin, imazamox, isoxaflutole, triflusulfuron, primisulfuron/prosulfuron, and clomazone.
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Stanghellini, M. E., S. L. Rasmussen, D. H. Kim, and N. Oebker. "Vine-Decline of Melons Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus in Arizona: Epidemiology and Cultivar Susceptibility." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221463.
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Palumbo, John C. "Review of New Insecticides Under Field Development for Desert Vegetable and Melon Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221606.
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The efficacy and field performance of new insecticides for control of insects on vegetables and melons under desert growing conditions has been investigated in small plot trials for the past several years at the Yuma Agricultural Center. Our objective has been to determine how new chemistries will fit into the growers management programs in Arizona. Thus, our research programs have been focused on studies to determine how to integrate these new chemicals into our local management programs in the most cost/effective way possible. This document was created to provide you with an overview of new insecticide chemistries being developed by the Agrichemical Industry for use in vegetables. The first part of this report concisely describes the new types of chemistries being developed The tabular information presented is a summary of the efficacy and activity of the new compounds based on research we have conducted at the Yuma Agricultural Center.
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Palumbo, John C. "Seasonal Dynamics and Management of Whiteflies on Melons and Vegetables in the Desert Southwest." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221609.
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For the past 5 years, Arizona growers have been faced with the challenge of managing whiteflies populations to prevent yield reduction and loss of quality of their vegetable and melon crops. A large cooperative research effort was directed statewide to better understand how whiteflies develop on the numerous host -crops available and the environmental factors that influence their survival throughout the year. This information was used to develop short and long term management approaches for controlling whitefly populations. We quickly discovered that preventing whiteflies from colonizing plants was the key to successful management of whitefly populations in vegetable and melon crops. This report attempts to summarize what we presently understand about factors that influence the seasonal abundance of whiteflies in southern Arizona cropping systems. Non-chemical and chemical management approaches that have been developed by researchers and implemented by the agricultural communities are discussed
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Palumbo, John C. "Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators for Management of Whiteflies in Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221650.
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Whitefly populations were assessed under different IGR exposure levels, and compared to Admire. When used alone during the season Applaud, Knack, and Sterling significantly reduced immature colonization similar to the standard Admire application and significantly greater than the untreated melons. Applaud treatments, regardless of spray frequency, showed the most consistent reduction in immature whiteflies. Applaud through its vapor activity also appeared to provide a long residual period of control against nymphs. Single applications of Knack and Sterling were considerably less effective in preventing colonization than applying these material twice during the season. These compounds appeared to have considerably less residual activity, which is consistent with their modes of activity. All of the IGRs had a significant impact on the distribution of nymphs among the leaves on the primary vine. In addition, Applaud provided the best melon quality. We now have a good understanding of how the IGRs influence whitefly population growth, the residual mortality of the IGRs and proper application timing for whitefly management. This information will allow us to develop a simple and reliable method that growers and PCAs can use to assess product performance and time spray applications.
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Pereira, García Lara. "Genetic dissection of fruit quality and ripening traits in melon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663830.
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El melón (Cucumis melo L.) es un importante cultivo a nivel mundial, con una producción de 31 millones de toneladas durante el año 2016. Aunque tradicionalmente los programas de mejora genética se han focalizado en el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo, la calidad de fruto se ha convertido recientemente en un objetivo principal. La calidad del fruto es un concepto complejo, que incluye diversos caracteres relacionados con la apariencia visual del fruto y su calidad nutricional y organoléptica. Muchos de estos caracteres están asociados a la maduración de fruto, que es el proceso que sufre el fruto para transformarse en un alimento atractivo para promover la dispersión de la semilla. Los frutos son clasificados, en base a su comportamiento durante la maduración, en climatéricos, cuando la hormona vegetal etileno es sintetizada de manera autocatalítica al comienzo del proceso de maduración, y no climatéricos, para los cuales el etileno no tiene un papel importante. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar las bases genéticas de la calidad y la maduración del fruto en melón.
Hemos desarrollado una población de líneas puras recombinantes (RIL) a partir del cruce entre dos variedades élite, “Védrantais”, altamente climatérica, y “Piel de Sapo” (PS), no climatérica. La diversidad fenotípica en la calidad de fruto y los caracteres asociados a la maduración, incluyendo la producción de etileno, han sido estudiados en profundidad. Un mapa genético de alta densidad ha sido construido usando variantes obtenidas a través de un experimento de genotyping-by-sequencing. Un experimento de mapeo de QTLs reveló cinco genes mayores y 33 QTLs implicados en la apariencia visual del fruto (color, presencia de suturas, moteado), morfología de fruto, contenido en azúcares y peso de semilla. Un segundo experimento de mapeo de QTLs identificó 14 QTLs implicados en la producción de etileno y otros caracteres asociados a la maduración, como degradación de clorofila o formación de una capa de abscisión. Entre ellos, podemos destacar un QTL mayor, ETHQV8.1, implicado en la producción de etileno que afectó a prácticamente todos los caracteres estudiados, localizado en un intervalo de 500 kb del cromosoma VIII.
Para diseccionar genéticamente la maduración del fruto, además de la mencionada población de RILs, estudiamos la línea casi isogénica (NIL) climatérica 8M35, con el fondo genético de PS y una introgresión de la accesión exótica PI 161375. 8M35 porta el QTL ETHQB3.5, delimitado en una región de 5Mb del cromosoma III. Se ha seguido una estrategia de clonaje posicional para el mapeo fino de ETHQB3.5, generando un juego diverso de subNILs. Tras múltiples evaluaciones de diferentes subNILs, determinamos que al menos dos factores genéticos diferentes deben estar implicados en el desencadenamiento de la maduración climatérica en la línea 8M35. Uno de ellos, nombrado ETHQB3.5.1, es responsable de la mayor parte del fenotipo y fue delimitado a una región de 500 kb que contiene 63 genes anotados.
Finalmente, dos colecciones de introgresiones recíprocas fueron desarrolladas, utilizando “Védrantais” y PS, ambos como líneas parentales recurrente y donante, respectivamente. Se efectuaron retrocruzamientos recurrentes en las dos direcciones y se realizó una selección asistida por marcadores en cada generación, para seleccionar tanto la introgresión diana como el fondo genético deseado. Las colecciones actuales, que cubren el 95% del genoma de la línea parental donante, están formadas por 38 líneas de introgresión. Hemos realizado un fenotipado preliminar que ha permitido validar algunos de los QTLs mapeados en la población de RILs. Además, dos familias segregantes de líneas de introgresión con el fondo genético de PS se han usado para el mapeo fino de ETHQV8.1, permitiendo reducir la región a un intervalo de 150 kb que contiene 14 genes candidatos.<br>Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important crop worldwide, with a production of around 31 million tons during 2016. Although traditionally breeding programs have been focused on agronomic traits, fruit quality has become a main goal recently. Fruit quality is a complex concept, including diverse traits related to fruit appearance, nutritional and organoleptic traits. Many of these traits are associated to fruit ripening, which is the process that the fruit undergoes to become edible to promote seed dispersal. Fruits are classified according to their ripening behavior into climacteric, when the plant hormone ethylene is synthesized in an autocatalytic way at the onset of ripening, and non-climacteric, in which ethylene has not a major role. The main goal of this work was to study the genetic basis of fruit quality and fruit ripening in melon.
We have developed a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population from a cross between two elite cultivars, “Védrantais”, highly climacteric, and “Piel de Sapo”, non-climacteric. The phenotypic diversity in fruit quality and ripening-associated traits, including ethylene production, has been thoroughly studied. A high-density genetic map was constructed using SNPs and INDELs obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing experiment. A first QTL mapping experiment revealed five major genes and 33 QTLs governing fruit appearance (flesh and rind color, presence of sutures, mottled rind), fruit morphology, sugar content and seed weight. A second QTL mapping experiment identified 14 QTLs modifying ethylene production and ripening-associated traits, as chlorophyll degradation and abscission layer formation. Among them, we highlight a major QTL, ETHQV8.1, involved in ethylene production that was affecting almost all the studied traits, located in a 500-kb interval in chromosome VIII.
In order to genetically dissect the fruit ripening process in melon, in addition to the mentioned RIL population, we studied a climacteric near-isogenic line, 8M35, with “Piel de Sapo” background and containing an introgression from the exotic accession PI 161375. 8M35 carries a QTL, ETHQB3.5, delimited in a region of 5 Mb in chromosome III. A positional cloning strategy was followed to fine map ETHQB3.5, generating a diverse set of subNILs. After multiple evaluations of different subNILs, we determined that at least two different genetic factors should be involved in triggering climacteric ripening in 8M35. One of them, named ETHQB3.5.1, which is responsible for the major part of the variation, was delimited to a 500-kb region containing 63 annotated genes.
Finally, two reciprocal introgression line (IL) collections were developed, using both “Védrantais” and “Piel de Sapo” as recurrent and donor parental lines, respectively. Recurrent backcrosses were performed in both directions and marker-assisted selection was performed in each generation to select both the target introgressions and the desired background. The current IL collections, covering approximately 95% of the donor parental genome, are formed by 38 ILs. We performed a preliminary phenotyping that allowed to validate some of the QTLs mapped in the RIL population for both fruit quality and fruit ripening traits. In addition, two segregating families of ILs with “Piel de Sapo” background were used to fine map ETHQV8.1, allowing to narrow down the region to a 150-kb interval containing 14 candidate genes.
As a summary, this PhD thesis has contributed to improving our knowledge about the genetics of fruit quality and particularly fruit ripening in melon, proposing some important QTLs that will be further explored in the future. Our work suggests that climacteric behavior in melon is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by polygenic inheritance, rather than a qualitative class as described traditionally in the literature.
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Palumbo, John C., and Kai Umeda. "Whitefly Management on Desert Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146699.
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Glett, Jiří. "Tvorba a zpracování signálové databáze." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217802.
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The work become acquainted with history and rise databases globally. Construes philosophy structuralization, sorting and purpose using. Work further deal with concrete databases softwares intended directly to processing audio signals. Further treat of programmes that the make possible generation personal database structures. Work deal about SUSAS database and analysing its content. It is created self database of music signals, which includes several musical groups always similar in certain aspect. Speech database contains records from the SUSAS database and records from television programs, reality-shows, sports broadcasts, reports and documents, when speakers are subjected to stress and emotions. The work is a database program that can effectively classify all records and processes. The database can be freely extended. The resulting program was realized into Czech and English version.
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Palumbo, John C., Athayde Jr Tonhasca, and David N. Byrne. "Sampling Schemes and Action Thresholds for Sweet Potato Whitefly Management in Spring Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214720.
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Early season infestations of sweet potato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci ( Gennadius) were monitored in fields of cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., near Yuma, Arizona. We used these data to describe the relationship between the proportion of infested leaves and mean adult population density for the entire field. This model was used to develop a binomial sampling plan based on a presence- absence approach. We evaluated the model with three independent data sets, and the level of agreement between the model and data was reasonable for pest management purposes. A minimum sample size of 200 leaves is suggested for maximum accuracy. By turning over 50 leaves in the four quadrants of a field and determining what proportion have whiteflies (i.e., are there whitefly adults on the leaf or not), growers can estimate field populations. We recommend that if 60% of the sampled leaves have whiteflies then it is time to make a pesticide application because that tells you that population levels are approaching 3 adults per leaf.
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Palumbo, John, and Wayne Coates. "Deposition and Efficacy of Capture and Thiodan Applied to Melons Using Several Application Technologies." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214748.
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A study was conducted in 1995 to evaluate five application technologies in the field in terms of deposition efficiency, as well as to assess their abilities to control the sweet potato whitefly and thereby influence crop yield. The FMC and ESS-on treatments provided the greatest deposition on the ventral side of the leaves. The FMC system tended to maintain high ventral deposition efficiencies as the plants grew and the canopy closed, whereas the efficiency of the ESS declined. Differences in ventral deposition efficiency among treatments were not closely associated with differences in whitefly control, although the declining rate of ventral deposition for the ESS-on is also reflected in its declining superiority in adult insect control relative to the CDA and conventional systems. The ESS sprayer provided somewhat better whitefly control than the conventional treatment, and was also associated with a higher yield of #12 melons than the control and Admire treatments, but not better than the conventional treatment. Early control of adults was associated with reduced egg counts later in the season, suggesting that there may be long term control advantages with the ESS system. New application technologies need to be developed to obtain higher ventral deposition and maximum whitefly control, with minimum use of insecticides.
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Umeda, Kai. "Evaluation of Postemergence Herbicides for Melon Weed Control." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221635.
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Bentazon (Basagran®) at 0.5 to 2.0 lb a. i. /A, halosulfuron (Permit®) at 0.025 to 0.10 lb a.i A, and pyridate (Lentagran®) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb a.i. /A were applied postemergence on cantaloupe and watermelon. Bentazon was marginally safe on cantaloupes and controlled purslane and pigweeds. Morningglory and Wright's groundcherry were not effectively controlled by bentazon. Bentazon appeared to be less injurious to watermelons relative to cantaloupes. Halosulfuron was safe on both cantaloupes and watermelons (<15% injury). Halosulfuron at greater than 0.05 lb /A was effective in controlling only Hyssop spurge and London rocket. In one test, halosulfuron gave acceptable control (85 %) of morningglory. Purslane and groundcherry were not controlled by halosulfuron. Pyridate was not safe on cantaloupes causing severe crop stand reduction. Pyridate was safer on watermelons and caused marginally acceptable injury, however, weed control was not effective against groundcherry, spurge or London rocket. Pyridate appeared to give acceptable control of morningglory in one test.
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Lemhemdi, Afef. "Caractérisation de réseaux des gènes qui contrôlent l’initiation du fruit chez le melon (Cucumis melo)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS121.
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Les analyses du profil d’expression par qRT-PCR des gènes candidats, ont montré que ARF19 a le profil le plus intéressant pour la parthénocarpie, chez le melon et le concombre. Ces analyses montrent aussi que la pollinisation induit, uniquement, l'expression de GA20oxydase(1) et le GA20oxydase(5). En absence de la pollinisation, presque tous les GA2oxydases sont exprimés. L’étude globale du transcriptome par RNA-seq a permis d’identifier des gènes qui pourraient avoir un rôle de régulateurs négatifs ou positifs dans l’initiation du fruit chez le melon. L’étude de la matrice des gènes liés à la division cellulaire montre que leur expression est élevée dans les ovules et le péricarpe à l’anthèse et au stade fécondé.Les données montrent aussi que le développement du fruit est régulé en grande partie par des facteurs de transcription. L'analyse génétique de phénotypage systématique a permis d’identifier FS1, le premier candidat pour la parthénocarpie facultative chez le melon<br>Analyzes of candidates genes expression profile by qRT-PCR shown that ARF19 has the most interesting profile for parthenocarpy for melon and cucumber. These analyze show that the pollination induces the expression of GA20oxydase(1) and GA20oxydase(5). In the absence of pollination, almost all GA2oxydases are expressed. The study of the transcriptome by RNA-seq identifies genes which have a role of negative or positive regulators in the fruit initiation of melon. The study of genes matrix of cell division shows that their expression is high in ovules and pericarp at anthesis and fertilized stage. The data show that fruit development is largely regulated by transcription factors. Systematic phenotyping genetic analysis identified FS1 the first candidate for facultative parthenocarpy in melon
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Umeda, K., N. Lund, D. MacNeil, and D. Robertz. "Grass Weed Control in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214922.
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Efficacy of the grass herbicides showed that Select (clethodim) and BAS-620 (BASF Corporation) at rates as low as 0.1 lb AI/A were nearly comparable in controlling 2 leaf stage of growth watergrass or when applied a week later on 3-4 inch tall watergrass. Fusilade DX (fluazifop-p-butyl) was intermediate in controlling grasses and 0.188 lb AI/A was necessary to give equivalent control of larger grasses as compared to the 0.1 lb AI/A rate that gave acceptable control of smaller grasses. Poast (sethoxydim) at 0.188 lb AI/A gave acceptable control of small grasses but lower rates or later timed applications were not as efficacious.
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Umeda, Kai. "Messenger® Effect on Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214944.
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Messenger applied at three timely applications at early runner, bloom, and fruiting stages of watermelon versus bi-weekly applications, showed no significant statistical differences for vine length, number of blooms, or harvestable yields. Visual observations for the watermelon plant health at the end of the season tended to indicate that the three timely applications resulted in slightly more vigorous plants than the bi-weekly treated watermelon plants. Cantaloupe vine growth, number of fruit set, yield weight, and fruit size were not different between Messenger treatments and were not enhanced compared to the untreated check.
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Maňák, Ondřej. "Automatická tvorba varhanní předehry k církevním písním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237144.
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The focus of this master's thesis is an automatic creation of organ overtures for church songs from both theoretical and practical points of view. Organ overture is a short introduction to a church song. According to the fact that it can be described by a finite set of rules, it is possible to use techniques for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems. An effective instrument to develop such system can be C++ programming language and Gecode library.
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Frieler, Klaus. "Mathematik und kognitive Melodieforschung : Grundlagen für quantitative Modelle /." Hamburg : Dr. Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/990907074/04.
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Melton, Darren Landon. "Metal ion complexing properties of the two-dimensional, highly preorganized ligand 1, 10-Phenanthroline-2, 9-Dicarboxylic acid /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/meltond/darrenmelton.pdf.
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Melin, Erik. "Digitization in Khalimsky spaces /." Uppsala, 2004. http://www.math.uu.se/research/pub/Melin6.pdf.
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Celik, Melina Anouche. "Tracing the evolution of Australasian mammals: Integrating morphological, palaeontological and molecular data." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/135716/1/Melina%20Anouche_Celik_Thesis.pdf.
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Morphological data are crucial in evolutionary analyses for merging fossils into the tree of life, calibrating dating analyses and for enhancing inference of biological patterns and processes. Morphological phylogenetics is dominated by homoplastic characters, functional and developmental correlations, and also by highly subjective definitions of characters and their states, which in turn can mislead phylogeny reconstruction. A first study assessed the implications of biases among characters in Mesozoic mammals. Then, geometric morphometrics and molecular data were combined to study the systematics of kangaroos and wallabies. Finally, new methodologies using 3D morphometrics and multivariate statistical analyses were developed for phylogenetic inference.
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Bokshi, A. I. "POSTHARVEST DISEASE CONTROL OF MELONS USING SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE AND OTHER." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3938.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this research was to test commercially viable alternative methods to fungicides for controlling storage diseases of melons that are safe for human health and the environment. Initially, experiments were conducted on melons to develop a protocol for optimum conditions of disease development during storage for different pathogens and for different stages of fruit maturity. For all pathogens tested, the study found that humidity greater than 90% and temperatures above 20° C support infection and rapid growth of disease. Differences in the rate of infection and extent of disease development after the inoculation of different storage pathogens was observed between rockmelon and honeydew melons, indicating differences in host pathogen interactions. Among the tested pathogens, Alternaria spp. was the least aggressive in infection and disease severity, growing considerably slower than Fusarium acuminatum which was moderately aggressive and Rhizopus spp. which was very aggressive, in comparison. Green half-slip melons showed greater resistance to pathogen attack than green full-slip fruit, while yellow full-slip melons were highly susceptible to pathogen attack. Therefore, the laboratory experiments for postharvest treatments of rockmelons were performed using green full-slip fruit challenged with F. acuminatum. Evaluation of physical and safe chemical methods of postharvest treatment to control postharvest diseases of melons showed that none of the treatments alone was as effective as the commercially available fungicide. Hot water solutions of safe compounds considerably increase their efficacy against postharvest rots, however, symptoms of phytotoxicity on the rind after dipping made their use unacceptable. Iodine was the only safe chemical tested which did not cause any phytotoxicity on melons. When combined with hot water, iodine showed the best control of storage rots and was as good as the fungicides carbendazim or guazatine. Hot water iodine dipping of fruit also delayed ripening and fruit were firmer during storage for a longer period of time. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was evaluated as a method of controlling powdery mildew in glasshouse grown rockmelon seedlings by treating with the activators 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH) or water. Increased resistance due to application of INA or BTH, was observed by the reduction of powdery mildew on pre-inoculated detached leaves and also on intact leaves from natural infections. Heightened resistance due to spraying with elicitors of SAR, was further evident by the increased activities of the pathogenesis related proteins (PR proteins), peroxidase and accumulation of phenolics or antifungal compounds during and after challenge inoculation. Field grown rockmelons were treated with INA or BTH or BABA (β-aminobutyric acid) or water at various stages of plant growth and evaluated for increased resistance against pre and postharvest diseases. Both powdery mildew and downy mildew were significantly less on the SAR elicitor treated plants. Preharvest treatment with SAR elicitors also reduced storage diseases of the harvested rockmelon fruit. The reduction in postharvest disease was similar whether plants were treated once, three weeks before harvest, or given four sprays during the growing season beginning at anthesis. A further postharvest dip with 500 ppm of guazatine gave substantial reduction of storage rots of melons. Enhanced activities of chitinase and peroxidase, two major PR-proteins, compared to the control, indicated induction of defence had occurred in the foliage and fruit as a result of SAR. Over the course of four field and one glasshouse experiments slight phytotoxicity was observed in plants frequently sprayed with INA or BTH, but no phytotoxicity was seen after a single spray during the late stages of fruit development. The combination of SAR elicitor treatment and use of a safe postharvest dip provided substantial control of storage rots of rockmelons. The best treatment for control of storage rots involved application of BTH (50 ppm) two weeks before harvest, combined with a hot iodine dip (55° C) of fruit, achieving equivalent or better disease control than use of guazatine fungicide dip.
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Bokshi, A. I. "POSTHARVEST DISEASE CONTROL OF MELONS USING SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE AND OTHER." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3938.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The goal of this research was to test commercially viable alternative methods to fungicides for controlling storage diseases of melons that are safe for human health and the environment. Initially, experiments were conducted on melons to develop a protocol for optimum conditions of disease development during storage for different pathogens and for different stages of fruit maturity. For all pathogens tested, the study found that humidity greater than 90% and temperatures above 20° C support infection and rapid growth of disease. Differences in the rate of infection and extent of disease development after the inoculation of different storage pathogens was observed between rockmelon and honeydew melons, indicating differences in host pathogen interactions. Among the tested pathogens, Alternaria spp. was the least aggressive in infection and disease severity, growing considerably slower than Fusarium acuminatum which was moderately aggressive and Rhizopus spp. which was very aggressive, in comparison. Green half-slip melons showed greater resistance to pathogen attack than green full-slip fruit, while yellow full-slip melons were highly susceptible to pathogen attack. Therefore, the laboratory experiments for postharvest treatments of rockmelons were performed using green full-slip fruit challenged with F. acuminatum. Evaluation of physical and safe chemical methods of postharvest treatment to control postharvest diseases of melons showed that none of the treatments alone was as effective as the commercially available fungicide. Hot water solutions of safe compounds considerably increase their efficacy against postharvest rots, however, symptoms of phytotoxicity on the rind after dipping made their use unacceptable. Iodine was the only safe chemical tested which did not cause any phytotoxicity on melons. When combined with hot water, iodine showed the best control of storage rots and was as good as the fungicides carbendazim or guazatine. Hot water iodine dipping of fruit also delayed ripening and fruit were firmer during storage for a longer period of time. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was evaluated as a method of controlling powdery mildew in glasshouse grown rockmelon seedlings by treating with the activators 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH) or water. Increased resistance due to application of INA or BTH, was observed by the reduction of powdery mildew on pre-inoculated detached leaves and also on intact leaves from natural infections. Heightened resistance due to spraying with elicitors of SAR, was further evident by the increased activities of the pathogenesis related proteins (PR proteins), peroxidase and accumulation of phenolics or antifungal compounds during and after challenge inoculation. Field grown rockmelons were treated with INA or BTH or BABA (β-aminobutyric acid) or water at various stages of plant growth and evaluated for increased resistance against pre and postharvest diseases. Both powdery mildew and downy mildew were significantly less on the SAR elicitor treated plants. Preharvest treatment with SAR elicitors also reduced storage diseases of the harvested rockmelon fruit. The reduction in postharvest disease was similar whether plants were treated once, three weeks before harvest, or given four sprays during the growing season beginning at anthesis. A further postharvest dip with 500 ppm of guazatine gave substantial reduction of storage rots of melons. Enhanced activities of chitinase and peroxidase, two major PR-proteins, compared to the control, indicated induction of defence had occurred in the foliage and fruit as a result of SAR. Over the course of four field and one glasshouse experiments slight phytotoxicity was observed in plants frequently sprayed with INA or BTH, but no phytotoxicity was seen after a single spray during the late stages of fruit development. The combination of SAR elicitor treatment and use of a safe postharvest dip provided substantial control of storage rots of rockmelons. The best treatment for control of storage rots involved application of BTH (50 ppm) two weeks before harvest, combined with a hot iodine dip (55° C) of fruit, achieving equivalent or better disease control than use of guazatine fungicide dip.
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Rodrigues, Dayvison Ribeiro. "Estudo eletroquímico de compostos do tipo melen/melofen e alguns de seus complexos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8170.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-07<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>Recently there have arisen new compounds of Schiff base type synthesized from the condensation of Meldrum's acid (or its derivatives) with a diamine (ethylenediamine or o-phenylenediamine) providing compounds classified as melens or melophens, which are structural analogues to the classical salens and salophens. The melophens have been used as ligands to form metal complexes analogous to salophens aiming its application in biomimetic catalysis. Herein, we describe the voltammetric electrochemical characterization to four ligands (H2melen, H2Cy2melen, H2melophen and H2Cy2melophen) and two complexes (MnII(Cy2melofen) and NiII(melophen)) on aprotic medium (DMF) using glassy carbon electrode work, and Ag|Ag+ (0,1 mol·L-1 TBAP, 10 mmol AgNO3) as reference electrode. The H2melen and H2Cy2melen behaved similarly showing an irreversible one electron reduction process (1e-). The proposed mechanism for those compounds involves a step dimerization. The H2melophen and H2Cy2melophen demonstrated similar behavior showing two reductions and two irreversible oxidations, where one of the processes is adsorption of reactant and product. The MnII(Cy2melophen) complex showed a single quasi-reversible redox process centered on the metal MnIII/MnII, which involves the transfer of one electron. The NiII(melophen) presented four cases, being a quasi-reversible (1e-) and the others irreversible processes involving a total of 5 electrons. All potentials were corrected across the redox couple of ferrocene (Fc/Fc+), and the effect of addition of acids and bases in the medium is discussed.<br>Recentemente, novos compostos do tipo base de Schiff, análogos estruturais aos clássicos salens e salofens, foram obtidos a partir da condensação do ácido de Meldrum (ou seus derivados) com uma diamina (etilenodiamina ou orto-fenilenodiamina), fornecendo compostos denominados melens ou melofens. Os melofens têm sido utilizados como ligantes a fim de formar complexos metálicos análogos aos salofens, visando sua aplicação em catálise biomimética. Neste trabalho é apresentada a caracterização eletroquímica de quatro ligantes (H2melen, H2Cy2melen, H2melofen e H2Cy2melofen) e dois complexos (MnII(Cy2melofen) e NiII(melofen)) em meio aprótico (DMF), empregando carbono vítreo como eletrodo de trabalho, mediante a aplicação de técnicas voltamétricas. O H2melen e o H2Cy2melen apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes exibindo uma redução irreversível envolvendo um elétron (1e-). O mecanismo proposto para esses compostos envolve uma etapa de dimerização. O H2melofen e o H2Cy2melofen apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes exibindo duas reduções e duas oxidações irreversíveis, onde em um dos processos ocorre adsorção do reagente e do produto. O complexo MnII(Cy2melofen) apresentou um único processo redox quase-reversível centrado no metal MnIII/MnII, o qual envolve 1e-. O NiII(melofen) apresentou quatro processos, sendo um quase-reversível (1e-) e os demais irreversíveis envolvendo um total de 5e-. Todos os potenciais foram corrigidos frente o par redox do ferroceno (Fc/Fc+), e o efeito da adição de ácidos e bases ao meio é discutido.
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Jonsson, Jimmy. "Uppföljning av energibalansberäkning på Melonen 4." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122104.
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Tankesättet kring byggnaders energianvändning har inte alltid varit så fokuserad på energieffektivt som den är i dagsläget, utan hade under en lång tid handlat mer om ekonomi. Användandet av energisimuleringar är idag ett centralt verktyg för att undersöka om nybyggnationer eller renoveringar av byggnader uppfyller de krav som ställs. Däremot är det komplicerat att under projekteringen förutse en byggnads olika energibehov, vilket ofta leder till avvikelser mellan energisimuleringar och det verkliga driftfallet. Det är emellertid svårt att i verkligheten bestämma de olika energibehoven då separata mätningar ofta saknas, vilket medför användandet av antaganden. Detta begränsar ofta de slutsatser som dras efter en uppföljning och gör det intressant att särskilja vad avvikelserna i byggnadens energibehov kan bero på. I detta examensarbete har det huvudsakliga syftet varit att genomföra en uppföljning av renoverade bostadshus och undersöka orsaken till avvikelser mellan simulerat och verkligt energibehov. Utifrån de bidrag som ingår i byggnadens specifika energianvändning har jämförelser gjorts mellan antaganden och faktiskt uppmätt statistik. Samtliga faktorer som bidrar till byggnadens energianvändning är inte mätbara, men utifrån arbetets tidsram har möjliga mätningar genomförts. Den tillgängliga energistatistiken kommer från AB Bostadens mätningar vid Melonen 1 (huvudmätare) och separat mätning i typhusen (undermätare). Resultatet i denna examensrapport visade på en avvikelse mellan VIP-beräkningen och undermätningen på ungefär +8 % hos energianvändningen i typhus 1 och +18 % i typhus 2, före korrigering. Vid jämförelse mellan VIP-beräkningen och huvudmätningen erhölls en avvikelse på ungefär +8 % för byggnadernas energianvändning, vilket även här var före korrigering. Korrigeringen av VIP-beräkningen visade på att byggnadsmodellen stämde bra med verkligheten och orsaken till avvikelserna bedömdes bero på felaktiga antaganden på posterna tappvarmvattenbehov, fastighetsel och hushållsel. Undersökningen av den teoretiska värmefördelningen visade på att den gav en bra uppskattning av det aktuella värmebehovet. Utöver detta bedömdes mätaruppställningen för fastighetselanvändningen inte vara optimal vid en uppföljning, utan måste åtgärdas genom att separera de verksamhetselbidrag som också ingår.<br>While modern building code includes both economic and environmental aspects of constructing and operating buildings the main incentive in the past was only economy. In modern society there are several energy requirements which are stated by law and affects all buildings. Building energy simulation (BES) is therefore a common tool to utilize during planning, which indicates whether or not a building meets current energy requirements. However, the usage of BES-models often results in the need of different assumptions. Consequently, deviations between BES and actual energy demand are common and the conclusions that are drawn from the comparison. The aim of this master thesis was to perform a control of energy demands in residential buildings and, if possible, to deduce reasons to any deviations between BES, conducted with VIP, and actual energy demand. Therefore any conclusions from this work could be used as guidelines in future BES and how to use sufficient measurements when conducting energy monitoring. Based on parameters that affect buildings energy demand, different comparisons have been made between assumptions and measured energy statistics. Measured data was available for two individual buildings and for the entire block. When comparing the measurements with results from simulation in VIP, a deviation of +8 % and +18 % were obtained for energy demand in standard house 1 and 2. This was before altering specific energy needs that were obtained through assumptions during planning phase. For the entire block the deviation was found to be +8 %. After adjusting the VIP models with the actual use of electricity and domestic hot water the results from VIP simulations show that the constructed building models for standard house 1 and 2 are both good approximations. Therefore the origin of obtained deviations were concluded to be of faulty assumptions; both in BES and calculated data. In addition to this, it was also concluded that used theoretical heat distribution to assess the block’s energy offered a good estimation of the actual heating demand.
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Diet, Jürgen. "Optical Music Recognition in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek." De Gruyter, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36407.
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Die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek hat im Sommer 2016 ein Projekt zur automatischen Notenerkennung (Optical Music Recognition, OMR) gestartet. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die Funktionsweise und die Qualität von OMR-Programmen und geht dann auf die bisherigen Erfahrungen der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek mit OMR ein. Anschließend werden die Anwendungsszenarien skizziert, die die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek aufsetzend auf den OMR-Daten entwickeln wird.<br>During summer 2016, the Bavarian State Library has started a project on optical music recognition (OMR). This paper describes the functionality and quality of OMR programs at first and then depicts the OMR-experiences of the Bavarian State Library. Finally, the use case scenarios are outlined that the Bavarian State Library will implement on top of the OMR data.
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Agaoua, Aimeric. "Fonction de la protéine VPS4 dans la sensibilité et la résistance au Watermelon mosaic virus (Potyvirus) chez le melon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0721.
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Les Cucurbitaceae sont une famille de plantes représentée par une grande diversité d’espèces et cultivées dans toutes les régions du monde. Le melon, qui appartient à cette famille et au genre Cucumis, est particulièrement sensible aux Potyvirus, vis-à-vis desquels aucun allèle du facteur d’initiation de la traduction eIF4e n’a permis d’induire de résistance. Chez le concombre, une Cucurbitaceae du genre Cucumis, Amano et al. (2013) ont identifié un allèle du gène codant pour la protéine VPS4 (Vacuolar protein sorting protein 4), impliqué dans la résistance au Potyvirus Zuchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Dans la cellule, la protéine VPS4 appartient au complexe ESCRT (Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) et est impliquée dans la déformation des membranes au niveau des endosomes pour former les corps multivésiculaires (MVBs). L’ESCRT est fortement conservée chez tous les organismes eucaryotes et bien décrite chez les levures et les mammifères. L’utilisation des membranes cellulaires par les virus à ARNsb(+) par le biais de l’ESCRT et de VPS4 est largement décrite pour les virus infectant les animaux, notamment pour les virus du papillome humain (VPH) et de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) . Ces dernières années, le rôle majeur du transport vésiculaire dans l'infection virale a également été mis en évidence chez les plantes. Les virus à ARNsb+ forment des vésicules et des quasi-organites, en intégrant les complexes de réplication virales (VRCs) et tous les éléments nécessaires à la réplication de l'ARN viral et à la traduction des protéines virales .Cette thèse se concentre sur deux aspects : (1) la caractérisation d’allèles du gène Vps4 impliqués dans la résistance récessive au Potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) chez le melon (2) et l’étude du rôle de l’ESCRT dans la formation des vésicules virales chez les Potyvirus. Dans le premier objectif, j’ai montré qu’une mutation ponctuelle sur le gène codant pour la protéine VPS4 induit la résistance au WMV chez l’accession de melon TGR-1551. Pour cela, j’ai utilisé un virus transformé avec l’allèle sauvage pour infecter l’accession TGR-1551. Cela a permis d’observer la restauration de la sensibilité chez l’accession résistante. De plus, l’ensemble des accessions portant cet allèle sont également résistantes au WMV. Ces résultats représentent la première caractérisation des bases moléculaires d’une résistance au WMV chez le melon. Associés aux résultats de Amano et al., (2013), ces travaux contribuent à l’identification d’un gène de résistance à plusieurs Potyvirus. Dans le second objectif, j’ai montré l’implication de l’ESCRT dans la réplication des Potyvirus. Par une approche de double hybride associé aux protéines transmembranaires, nous avons montré l’interaction de la protéine virale 6K2 avec les protéines CmVPS28, CmVPS2, CmVPS24 et CmVPS4 du melon. De plus, nous avons localisé l’interaction 6K2/VPS4 au niveau des vésicules virales dans la cellule de plante. L’ESCRT ayant été caractérisée uniquement au niveau des MVBs, la présence de VPS4 au niveau des vésicules virales, en particulier au niveau des chloroplastes, implique le détournement de l’ensemble du mécanisme ESCRT par le virus. Pris ensemble, ces travaux contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de formation des vésicules virales au cours d’une infection d’une cellule de plante par un Potyvirus. Ils offrent également l’opportunité d’identifier de nouveaux allèles apportant une résistance aux Potyvirus afin de développer de nouvelles variétés résistantes<br>Cucurbitaceae are a family of plants represented by a great diversity of species and cultivated crops all around the world. Within this family and in the genus Cucumis, the melon is particularly susceptible to Potyviruses, against which no allele of the translation initiation factor eIF4e gene has been able to induce a resistance. In cucumber, also a Cucurbitaceae in the genus Cucumis, Amano et al. (2013) identified an allele of the gene encoding for the VPS4 protein, which is involved in the resistance to the Potyvirus Zuchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In the cell, the VPS4 protein belong to the ESCRT complex (Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and is involved in the membrane deformation at the endosome level to create multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The ESCRT complex is highly conserved in all eukaryotic organisms and well described in yeasts and mammals. The use of cell membranes by ssRNA(+) viruses through ESCRT and VPS4 has been widely described for viruses infecting animals, including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses. In recent years, the major role of vesicular transport in viral infection has also been demonstrated in plants. ssRNA(+) viruses form vesicles and quasi-organelles using cell endomembrane, integrating viral replication complexes (VRCs) and all the elements necessary for the replication of viral RNA and for the translation of viral proteins.This thesis focuses on two aspects: (1) the characterization of alleles of the Vps4 gene involved in melon in a recessive resistance to the Potyvirus Watermelon mosic virus (WMV) (2) and the study of the ESCRT involvement in the formation of viral vesicles in Potyvirus.In the first objective, I demonstrated that a point mutation in the gene encoding the VPS4 protein induces resistance to WMV in the melon accession TGR-1551. For this, I used a virus transformed with the wild type allele of Vps4 to infect the TGR-1551 accession. This allowed us to observe the restoration of the susceptibility in the resistant accession. In addition, all accessions from the natural diversity carrying this allele are also resistant to WMV. These results represent the first characterization of the molecular basis of resistance to WMV in melon. Combined with the results of Amano et al. (2013), this work is part of the identification of a gene for resistance to several Potyviruses.In the second objective, I demonstrated the involvement of ESCRT in the replication of Potyviruses. Using a yeast two-hybrid approach adapted to transmembrane proteins, we showed the interaction of the viral protein 6K2 with the CmVPS28, CmVPS2, CmVPS24 and CmVPS4 melon proteins. In addition, we localized the 6K2 / VPS4 interaction at the viral vesicle level in the plant cell. Since ESCRT has been characterized only at the level of MVBs, the presence of VPS4 at the level of viral vesicles, especially at the level of chloroplasts, implies the hijack of the entire ESCRT mechanism by the virus.Taken together, this work provides a better understanding of the viral vesicle formation mechanism during infection of a plant cell by a Potyvirus. It also offers the opportunity to identify new alleles providing resistance to Potyviruses in order to develop new resistant varieties
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Sagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
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Chaque année sur son site de Malaga (Espagne), certaines parcelles de la société Rouge-Gorge, qui produit des melons, subissent une perte de rendement de 5 tonnes/ha. Des analyses indiquent que ces parcelles ont une teneur élevée en ion Na+ dans le sol et dans l’eau d’irrigation. Les problèmes de stress salin sont très étudiés sur de nombreuses espèces d’intérêt agronomique, mais aucune étude n’a encore été menée sur le melon. Un long travail préliminaire a permis de mettre en place les différents outils indispensables pour la suite (notamment la mise au point du système de culture reproduisant ce stress). Les résultats obtenus montrent que lors d’un stress salin, chez cette variété de melon, il y a activation des systèmes de production des AOS (NADPH oxydases), mais pas des mécanismes de détoxication (peroxydases). Il y a aussi activation de la galactinol synthase et accumulation de sucres (stachyose en particulier) dans les feuilles. Un traitement à l’acide ascorbique permet de restaurer, en grande partie, le rendement. Ce traitement influe négativement sur l’état d’activation des NADPH oxydases, positivement sur les peroxydases et négativement sur le niveau d’expression de la galactinol synthase. L’accumulation des sucres dans les feuilles est aussi diminuée. La présence d’éléments de réponse (NFkb et AP-1 like) au potentiel redox sur le promoteur de la galactinol synthase permet de lier le stress salin (qui favorise la production d’ AOS) à la perte de rendement (due à l’accumulation de sucre dans les feuilles). La vitamine C en limitant la production d’AOS permet aussi d’atténuer l’effet du stress salin sur la plante<br>The company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
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Umeda, K., and N. Lund. "Preemergence Herbicides for Weed Control in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214936.
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All herbicide treatments, Prefar, Frontier, Dual Magnum, Valor, and Prefar combined with Dual Magnum or Frontier caused less than 10% injury on cantaloupes. Frontier at 0.75 lb AI/A, Dual Magnum at 1.0 lb AI/A, Valor at 0.03 and 0.05 lb AI/A controlled weeds similar to Prefar. Prefar at 4.0 lb AI/A combined with Frontier controlled tumble pigweed (94%), narrowleaf lambsquarters (95%), Wright’s groundcherry (97%), and horse purslane (94%). None of the preemergence herbicide treatments controlled purple nutsedge.
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McGinley, Susan. "A Knockout Melon Disease: Monosporascus cannonballus." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622331.
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Palumbo, John C., and David Kerns. "Melon Insect Pest Management in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146668.
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7 pp.<br>Melon production in the Southwestern United States occurs primarily in the desert growing areas of Arizona, and Southern California. Melons in Arizona are grown in very diverse cropping systems, where a variety of vegetable, agronomic and seed crops are cultivated concurrently throughout the year. Numerous insect species can be found on melon plants, but only a few have been determined to be economically important. This publication discusses several key insects that cause economic damage to melons, and the tactics commonly used to manage infesting populations.
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Jean-Baptiste, Isabelle. "Etude de la nutrition minérale du melon (Cucumis melo L. ) : application à la vitrescence du fruit." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT014A.
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Les appareils vegetatif et racinaire du melon (cucumus melo var maestro) se caracterisent par une tres grande richesse en calcium, en phosphore, en fer, en manganese et en bore. Les fruits sont riches en potassium, en azote et en phosphore. Par contre, ils renferment peu de calcium. Le fractionnement en pulpe, ecorce, placenta et graines indique que les graines sont riches en azote, en manganese, en phosphore, en cuivre et en fer. Le placenta et les pulpes sont riches en potassium et les ecorces en calcium. L'evolution des teneurs en elements mineraux durant le grossissement du fruit (entre les stades 20 jours et fruits murs) indique que seuls le potassium et l'azote se maintiennent a des teneurs constantes tout au long du developpement du fruit. Pour les autres elements (p, mg et les oligo-elements), une baisse de teneurs est observee. Cette baisse de teneurs est due a un effet de dilution de ces elements sous l'effet de l'elaboration importante de la matiere seche de ces fruits. La baisse des teneurs en calcium est particulierement marquee. Ceci est a relier a l'accumulation de cet element qui s'effectue essentiellement durant les 20 premiers jours du developpement du fruit. Une carence en calcium entre 3 et 11 jours apres l'anthese a provoque une forte baisse des teneurs en calcium au sein des fruits. A partir de 20 jours, la carence en calcium n'a pas modifie de facon notable les teneurs en calcium dans le fruit. La realimentation en calcium du milieu n'a pas permis aux fruits carences de retrouver les niveaux de teneurs des fruits temoins. L'alimentation en calcium joue un role majeur dans la manifestation de la vitrescence, le stress hydrique provoque la vitrescence mais n'entraine pas de modifications des teneurs en calcium. Une periode critique pour le declenchement des symptomes qui se situe entre l'anthese et les 20 premiers jours qui suivent a donc pu etre mise en evidence. Enfin, l'effet de la carence est plus nette sur les sucs extraits des tissus conducteurs que sur les feuilles
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Klingler, John Paul. "Phenotypic and molecular-genetic analysis of resistance to Aphis gossypii (cotton-melon aphid) in Cucumis melo (melon)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283992.
Full textAbstract:
Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton-melon aphid) is a major pest of agriculture worldwide. Cucumis melo L. (melon) possesses monogenic resistance to this aphid, and is a good model for the study of aphid resistance mechanisms in plants. This dissertation presents analyses of the effects of the resistance gene on A. gossypii, and of the gene's effects on biochemical and molecular-genetic properties of melon plants. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of melon, either resistant or susceptible to A. gossypii, were compared for their influence on aphid life history traits and feeding behavior. The resistance trait delayed development, increased mortality, and markedly decreased reproduction of aphids confined to leaves of resistant plants. Aphids on resistant plants salivated into phloem sieve elements significantly longer, and were less likely to begin sap ingestion after salivation, suggesting that the resistance factor acts within phloem sieve elements. Biochemical properties of callose synthase were compared between NILs to test the hypothesis that callose deposition plays a role in the resistance mechanism. No differences were detected between resistant and susceptible melon genotypes with respect to callose synthase subunit abundance or in vitro enzyme activity. Sixty-four F₃ families from a melon mapping population were tested for aphid resistance to place the resistance locus on a genetic map of the melon genome. Four molecular markers were found to be linked to the aphid resistance phenotype. The name Agr ( Aphis gossypii resistance) is proposed for this locus. The closest flanking markers were positioned at 4.3 and 7.0 cM from Agr. Evidence suggests Agr might be a member of the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family of plant resistance genes, which are known to cluster in plant genomes. Melon genomic DNA sequences homologous to this gene family were isolated to test the hypothesis that Agr is an NBS-LRR homolog. Two of these sequences were tested for genetic linkage to Agr in a population of F₂ plants segregating for the resistance trait. DNA gel blot analysis determined that one sequence, NBS-2, is approximately 2.7 cM distant from Agr, which suggests Agr resides in a cluster of NBS-LRR homologs and could be a member of this gene family.
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Wermke, Kathleen. "Untersuchung der Melodieentwicklung im Säuglingsschrei von monozygoten Zwillingen in den ersten 5 Lebensmonaten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13810.
Full textAbstract:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Schreientwicklung von Säuglingen und die dabei auftretenden Regularitäten und Gesetzmäßigkeiten untersucht. Es wurde dazu eine Analyse von Grundfrequenzverläufen (Melodien) in Säuglingsschreien der ersten 5 Lebensmonate von 30 medizinisch unauffälligen monozygoten Zwillingen durchgeführt. Diese Studie belegt, daß der Säuglingsschrei weit mehr ist, als nur ein angeborenes biologisches Alarmsignal, das Ausnahmesituationen in der Kommunikation vorbehalten bleibt. Die gefundenen Gesetzmäßigkeiten in der Entwicklungen der Schreimelodie berechtigen, den Säuglingsschrei in eine Reihe mit frühen Nichtschrei-Vokalisationen als essentielle Wegbereiter für den Spracherwerb zu stellen. Den durch umfangreiche Studien anderer Autoren bereits nachgewiesenen Perzeptionsleistungen junger Säuglinge können durch die hier gefundenen, komplexen Leistungen bezüglich der Melodieentwicklung im Schrei nunmehr auch ebenbürtige Produktionsleistungen gegenübergestellt werden. Die analysierten 1700 Schreimelodien wurden durch einen Vergleich in Ähnlichkeitsklassen eingeteilt. Es wird ein Klassifizierungssystem vorgeschlagen, das sechs Ähnlichkeitsklassen (Melodietypen) definiert, die auf prinzipiellen Formeigenschaften (langsamen Modulationseigenschaften) der Schreimelodien beruhen. Die Formeigenschaften der Melodietypen sind also bis auf lineare Transformationen der Zeitachse und einem konstanten Shiftwert in der Frequenzachse (bei ungeändertem Frequenzhub) invariant. Alle Schreimelodien wurden eindeutig den gebildeten Melodietyp-Klassen zugeordnet und ohne irgendwelche Skalen-Transformationen in Frequenz oder Zeit dargestellt. Die Konsistenz aller im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie durchgeführten Untersuchungen hat die vorgeschlagene Klassifizierung gerechtfertigt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Synchronizität und die Konkordanz in der Melodieentwicklung für die Zwillinge eines Paares deutlich größer ist als für nichtverwandte Zwillinge gleichen Geschlechts und Alters. Die Monozygotie der Zwillinge und die damit erhaltene höhere Synchronizität der Entwicklung ließen die Universalität der Entwicklung wesentlich prägnanter hervortreten, als dies bei einer durchschnittlichen Population der Fall gewesen wäre. Es konnte eine kontinuierliche, gesetzmäßige Melodieentwicklung bei allen Zwillingen nachgewiesen und in Form eines Entwicklungsdiagramms dargestellt werden. Es wurde eine höhere Konkordanz und Synchronizität zwischen den monozygoten Zwillingen der gleichen Paare bezüglich der Art der erzeugten Melodietypen und deren absoluten Häufigkeit in einem bestimmten Alter gefunden. Dies und die ebenfalls nachgewiesene Fähigkeit der Zwillinge zur hohen formähnlichen Reproduktion der Melodien sind ein starkes Argument für die Beteiligung genetischer Faktoren an der Erzeugung der Melodietypen nach einem internen zerebralen Programm.<br>The cry development of babies and the regularly occurring phenomena and principles are discussed in the present paper. The time variations of the fundamental frequency (melodies) in babies cries in the first five months of life was analyzed in 30 medically normal monozygotic twins. This study documents that the baby s cry is far more than only an innate biological alarm signal which is reserved to exceptional situations of communication. The developmental principles of the cry melody found justify the categorization of the baby s cry on the same level as other early noncry vocalizations as essential precursors for the acquisition of speech. The perceptual capacity of young infants as already demonstrated by extensive studies of other authors can now also be compared to equivalent cry production on the basis of the complex phenomena found with regard to cry melody development of melody in the cry. The 1,700 cry melodies analyzed were classified into similarity classes by means of a comparison. A system of classification defining six similarity classes (melody types) which are based on fundamental form characteristics (slow modulation properties) of the cry melodies was suggested. The form characteristics of the melody types are invariant apart from linear transformations of the time axis and a constant shift value in the frequency axis (with unchanged frequency hub). All cry melodies were unequivocally assigned to the classes of melody type formed and visualized in frequency or time without any scale transformations. The consistency of all the investigations conducted in the present study justify the suggested classification. It could be shown that the synchronicity and the concordance in the melody development for monozygotic twins is very much greater than that for unrelated twins of the same sex and age. The monozygosity of the twins and the greater synchronicity of the development thereby attained resulted in the universality in the development being manifested very much more distinctly than would have been the case in an average population. A continuous regular development of melody could be demonstrated in all twins and depicted in the form of a development diagram. A greater concordance and synchronicity between the monozygotic twins of the same pair was found with regard to the characteristics of the melody types produced and their absolute frequency at a certain age. This and the likewise demonstrable ability of the twins to reproduce the melodies in a highly similar form are very strong arguments corroborating a role of genetic factors in the production of the melody types according to an internal cerebral program.
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Batke, Johann-Markus. "Untersuchung von Melodiesuchsystemen sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Funtionsprüfung." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2007/1452.
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