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Journal articles on the topic 'Meninges, neural stem cells, postnatal neurogenesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Ban, Jelena, and Miranda Mladinic. "Spinal cord neural stem cells heterogeneity in postnatal development." STEMedicine 1, no. 1 (2020): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37175/stemedicine.v1i1.19.

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Neural stem cells are capable of generating new neurons during development as well as in the adulthood and represent one of the most promising tools to replace lost or damaged neurons after injury or neurodegenerative disease. Unlike the brain, neurogenesis in the adult spinal cord is poorly explored and the comprehensive characterization of the cells that constitute stem cell neurogenic niche is still missing. Moreover, the terminology used to specify developmental and/or anatomical CNS regions, where neurogenesis in the spinal cord occurs, is not consensual and the analogy with the brain is

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Kulcenty, Katarzyna Ida, Joanna Patrycja Wróblewska, and Wiktoria Maria Suchorska. "Response of neural stem cells to ionizing radiation." Letters in Oncology Science 15, no. 4 (2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21641/los.15.4.115.

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Adult neurons are believed to be in a state of growth arrest. The generation of neurons is complete at the time of birth in most of the brain regions. However neurogenesis is present through life in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus and the lateral ventricles due to the presence of neural stem cells (NSC). This postnatal neurogenesis in hippocampus plays a critical role in cognitive development mainly in learning and memory functions. NSC are self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate the neurons and glia of the nervous system. Due to their high proliferation, NSC are highly sensitive to io

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Tsupykov, O. "Neural stem cell niches in the adult mammalian brain." Cell and Organ Transplantology 3, no. 2 (2015): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22494/cot.v3i2.13.

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Stem cells of the central nervous system have received a great deal of attention in neurobiology in the last decade. It has been shown that neurogenesis occurs in the postnatal period in specialized niches of the adult mammalian brain. The niche is a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Recent data underscore the complexity and heterogeneity of the different components of the niche, and the presence of local signaling microdomain. The review is devoted to recent views on the structural organization of neurogenic niches and regulatory factors involved at different stages of neurogenesis in the

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Nieto-González, Jose L., Leonardo Gómez-Sánchez, Fabiola Mavillard та ін. "Loss of postnatal quiescence of neural stem cells through mTOR activation upon genetic removal of cysteine string protein-α". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, № 16 (2019): 8000–8009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817183116.

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Neural stem cells continuously generate newborn neurons that integrate into and modify neural circuitry in the adult hippocampus. The molecular mechanisms that regulate or perturb neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we have found that mouse hippocampal radial glia-like (RGL) neural stem cells express the synaptic cochaperone cysteine string protein-α (CSP-α). Remarkably, in CSP-α knockout mice, RGL stem cells lose quiescence postnatally and enter into a high-proliferation regime that increases the production of neural intermediate progen

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Li, Jingzheng, Yafang Shang, Lin Wang, et al. "Genome integrity and neurogenesis of postnatal hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells require a unique regulator Filia." Science Advances 6, no. 44 (2020): eaba0682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0682.

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Endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formation and repair in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) play fundamental roles in neurogenesis and neurodevelopmental disorders. NSPCs exhibit heterogeneity in terms of lineage fates and neurogenesis activity. Whether NSPCs also have heterogeneous regulations on DSB formation and repair to accommodate region-specific neurogenesis has not been explored. Here, we identified a regional regulator Filia, which is predominantly expressed in mouse hippocampal NSPCs after birth and regulates DNA DSB formation and repair. On one hand, Filia protects stall

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Anesti, Maria, Stavroula Magkafa, Efstathia Prantikou, and Ilias Kazanis. "Divergence between Neuronal and Oligodendroglial Cell Fate, in Postnatal Brain Neural Stem Cells, Leads to Divergent Properties in Polymorphic In Vitro Assays." Cells 11, no. 11 (2022): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11111743.

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Two main stem cell pools exist in the postnatal mammalian brain that, although they share some “stemness” properties, also exhibit significant differences. Multipotent neural stem cells survive within specialized microenvironments, called niches, and they are vulnerable to ageing. Oligodendroglial lineage-restricted progenitor cells are widely distributed in the brain parenchyma and are more resistant to the effects of ageing. Here, we create polymorphic neural stem cell cultures and allow cells to progress towards the neuronal and the oligodendroglial lineage. We show that the divergence of c

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Lim, Daniel A., Yin-Cheng Huang, Tomek Swigut, et al. "Chromatin remodelling factor Mll1 is essential for neurogenesis from postnatal neural stem cells." Nature 458, no. 7237 (2009): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07726.

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Brooks, Arrin C., and Brandon J. Henderson. "Systematic Review of Nicotine Exposure’s Effects on Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020172.

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While various modalities of chronic nicotine use have been associated with numerous negative consequences to human health, one possible benefit of nicotine exposure has been uncovered. The discovery of an inverse correlation between smoking and Parkinson’s disease, and later Alzheimer’s disease as well, motivated investigation of nicotine as a neuroprotective agent. Some studies have demonstrated that nicotine elicits improvements in cognitive function. The hippocampus, along with the subventricular zone (SVZ), is a distinct brain region that allow for ongoing postnatal neurogenesis throughout

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Bonfanti, Luca. "The (Real) Neurogenic/Gliogenic Potential of the Postnatal and Adult Brain Parenchyma." ISRN Neuroscience 2013 (February 6, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/354136.

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During the last two decades basic research in neuroscience has remarkably expanded due to the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The existence of such unexpected plasticity triggered hopes for alternative approaches to brain repair, yet deeper investigation showed that constitutive mammalian neurogenesis is restricted to two small “neurogenic sites” hosting NSCs as remnants of embryonic germinal layers and subserving homeostatic roles in specific neural systems. The fact that in other classes of vertebrates adult neurogen

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Shah, Kushani, Gwendalyn D. King, and Hao Jiang. "A chromatin modulator sustains self-renewal and enables differentiation of postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 12, no. 1 (2019): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjz036.

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Abstract It remains unknown whether H3K4 methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene activation, regulates fate determination of the postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). By inactivating the Dpy30 subunit of the major H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in specific regions of mouse brain, we demonstrate a crucial role of efficient H3K4 methylation in maintaining both the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of postnatal NSPCs. Dpy30 deficiency disrupts development of hippocampus and especially the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, the major regions for pos

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Li, Yutong, Nicole Leanne Dittmann, Adrianne Eve Scovil Watson, Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida, Tim Footz, and Anastassia Voronova. "Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor Enhances Oligodendrocyte Genesis from Subventricular Zone Precursor Cells." ASN Neuro 14 (January 2022): 175909142210863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221086340.

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Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), perform vital functions in neural protection and communication, as well as cognition. Enhanced production of oligodendrocytes has been identified as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the postnatal brain, oligodendrocytes are generated from the neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Here, we demonstrate exogenous Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor (HDGF) enhances oligodendrocyte genesis f

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Lopatina, Olga L., Natalia A. Malinovskaya, Yulia K. Komleva, et al. "Excitation/inhibition imbalance and impaired neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders." Reviews in the Neurosciences 30, no. 8 (2019): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2019-0014.

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AbstractThe excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance controls the synaptic inputs to prevent the inappropriate responses of neurons to input strength, and is required to restore the initial pattern of network activity. Various neurotransmitters affect synaptic plasticity within neural networks via the modulation of neuronal E/I balance in the developing and adult brain. Less is known about the role of E/I balance in the control of the development of the neural stem and progenitor cells in the course of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent findings suggest that neural stem and progenitor cells appea

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González-Martínez, Jorge A., William E. Bingaman, Steven A. Toms, and Imad M. Najm. "Neurogenesis in the postnatal human epileptic brain." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 3 (2007): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/09/0628.

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Object The normal adult human telencephalon does not reveal evidence of spontaneous neuronal migration and differentiation despite the robust germinal capacity of the subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocyte ribbon that contains neural stem cells. This might be because it is averse to accepting new neurons into an established neuronal network, probably representing an evolutionary acquisition to prevent the formation of anomalous neuronal circuits. Some forms of epilepsy, such as malformations of cortical development, are thought to be due to abnormal corticogenesis during the embryonic and early p

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Ruddy, Rebecca M., Kelsey V. Adams, and Cindi M. Morshead. "Age- and sex-dependent effects of metformin on neural precursor cells and cognitive recovery in a model of neonatal stroke." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (2019): eaax1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1912.

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Resident neural stem and progenitor cells, collectively termed neural precursor cells (NPCs), reside in a well-defined neurogenic niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and contribute to ongoing postnatal neurogenesis. It is well established that the NPC niche can alter the behavior of NPCs. NPC activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain repair. The drug metformin has been shown to activate neural stem cells, promote differentiation, and lead to functional motor recovery in a neonatal stroke model. We demonstrate that metformin-induced NPC expansion and functional recovery is sex

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Hu, Xiaoxuan, Jing An, Qian Ge, et al. "Maternal High-Fat Diet Reduces Type-2 Neural Stem Cells and Promotes Premature Neuronal Differentiation during Early Postnatal Development." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (2022): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142813.

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Maternal obesity or exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) has an irreversible impact on the structural and functional development of offspring brains. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal HFD during pregnancy and lactation impairs dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis in offspring by altering neural stem cells (NSCs) behaviors. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet (CHD) or HFD (60% fat) during gestation and lactation. Pups were collected on postnatal day 1 (PND 1), PND 10 and PND 21. Changes in offspring body weight, brain structure and granular cell layer (GCL) thickness in the

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Walker, Avery S., Gwendolyn E. Goings, Yongsoo Kim, Richard J. Miller, Anjen Chenn, and Francis G. Szele. "Nestin Reporter Transgene Labels Multiple Central Nervous System Precursor Cells." Neural Plasticity 2010 (2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/894374.

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Embryonic neuroepithelia and adult subventricular zone (SVZ) stem and progenitor cells express nestin. We characterized a transgenic line that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) specified to neural tissue by the second intronic enhancer of the nestin promoter that had several novel features. During embryogenesis, the dorsal telencephalon contained many and the ventral telencephalon few eGFP+ cells. eGFP+ cells were found in postnatal and adult neurogenic regions. eGFP+ cells in the SVZ expressed multiple phenotype markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Dlx, and neuroblast-s

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Itokazu, Yutaka, Dongpei Li, and Robert K. Yu. "Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Gangliosides Augments the Adult Neural Stem Cell Pool in Mouse Brain." ASN Neuro 11 (January 2019): 175909141988485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759091419884859.

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We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in neural stem cells (NSCs) and reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed in both the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. Specifically, deficiency of GD3 in GD3S-KO animals revealed a dramatic reduction in cellularity in the DG of the hippocampus of the developing mouse brain, resulting in severe behavioral deficits in these animals. To further evaluate the functional role of GD3 in postnatal brain, we performed rescue experiments by intracerebroventricular infusion of

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Gao, Hui, Xuejun Cheng, Junchen Chen, et al. "Fto-modulated lipid niche regulates adult neurogenesis through modulating adenosine metabolism." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 16 (2020): 2775–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa171.

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Abstract Adult neurogenesis is regulated by diverse factors including the local environment, i.e. the neurogenic niche. However, whether the lipid in the brain regulates adult neurogenesis and related mechanisms remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that lipid accumulates in the brain during postnatal neuronal development. Conditional knockout of Fto (cKO) in lipid not only reduced the level of lipid in the brain but also impaired the learning and memory of mice. In addition, Fto deficiency in lipid did not affect the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs), but it d

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Vancamp, Pieter, Barbara Demeneix, and Sylvie Remaud. "Postnatal Hypothyroidism Permanently Disrupts Neural Stem Cell Fate in the Murine Subventricular Zone." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1997.

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Abstract The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons and oligodendrocytes throughout life. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis on mouse SVZ-NSCs isolated at different developmental stages established they gradually acquire their adult neurogliogenic identity between postnatal day (P) 7 and 20. However, the factors governing this transition remain elusive. As a key factor driving transcriptional responses during brain development, as well as NSC lineage commitment in the adult SVZ, we hypothesized that thyroid hormone (TH) could ful

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Martínez-Herrero, Sonia, Ignacio M. Larráyoz, Laura Ochoa-Callejero, Josune García-Sanmartín, and Alfredo Martínez. "Adrenomedullin as a Growth and Cell Fate Regulatory Factor for Adult Neural Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/804717.

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The use of stem cells as a strategy for tissue repair and regeneration is one of the biomedical research areas that has attracted more interest in the past few years. Despite the classic belief that the central nervous system (CNS) was immutable, now it is well known that cell turnover occurs in the mature CNS. Postnatal neurogenesis is subjected to tight regulation by many growth factors, cell signals, and transcription factors. An emerging molecule involved in this process is adrenomedullin (AM). AM, a 52-amino acid peptide which exerts a plethora of physiological functions, acts as a growth

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Boström, Martina, Marie Kalm, Niklas Karlsson, Nina Hellström Erkenstam, and Klas Blomgren. "Irradiation to the Young Mouse Brain Caused Long-Term, Progressive Depletion of Neurogenesis but did not Disrupt the Neurovascular Niche." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, no. 6 (2013): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.34.

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We investigated the effects of ionizing radiation on microvessel structure and complexity in the hippocampus. We also assessed neurogenesis and the neurovascular niche. Postnatal day 14 male C57BL/6 mice received a single dose of 8 Gy to the whole brain and were killed 6 hours, 1 week, 7 weeks, or 1 year later. Irradiation decreased the total number of microvessels and branching points from 1 week onwards and decreased the total microvessel area 1 and 7 weeks after irradiation. After an initial increase in vascular parameter densities, concomitant with reduced growth of the hippocampus, the de

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Khilazheva, E. D., A. V. Morgun, E. B. Boytsova, et al. "Features of the in vitro expression profile of hippocampal neurogenic niche cells during optogenetic stimulation." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, no. 1 (2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216701034.

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In the central nervous system of mammals, there are specialized areas in which neurogenesis — neurogenic niches — is observed in the postnatal period. It is believed that astrocytes in the composition of neurogenic niches play a significant role in the regulation of neurogenesis, and therefore they are considered as a promising “target” for the possible control of neurogenesis, including the use of optogenetics. In the framework of this work, we formed an in vitro model of a neurogenic niche, consisting of cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurospheres. Astrocytes in the neurogenic ni

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Embalabala, Rebecca J., Asa A. Brockman, Amanda R. Jurewicz, et al. "GLI3 Is Required for OLIG2+ Progeny Production in Adult Dorsal Neural Stem Cells." Cells 11, no. 2 (2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11020218.

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The ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is a postnatal germinal niche. It holds a large population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons and oligodendrocytes for the olfactory bulb and (primarily) the corpus callosum, respectively. These NSCs are heterogeneous and generate different types of neurons depending on their location. Positional identity among NSCs is thought to be controlled in part by intrinsic pathways. However, extrinsic cell signaling through the secreted ligand Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is essential for neurogenesis in both the dorsal and ventral V-SVZ. Here we used

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Tanaka, Takeshi, Hajime Abe, Masayuki Kimura, et al. "Developmental exposure to T-2 toxin reversibly affects postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces neural stem cells and progenitor cells in mice." Archives of Toxicology 90, no. 8 (2015): 2009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1588-4.

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Ke, Yuehai, Eric E. Zhang, Kazuki Hagihara, et al. "Deletion of Shp2 in the Brain Leads to Defective Proliferation and Differentiation in Neural Stem Cells and Early Postnatal Lethality." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 19 (2007): 6706–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01225-07.

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ABSTRACT The intracellular signaling controlling neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) self-renewal and neuronal/glial differentiation is not fully understood. We show here that Shp2, an introcellular tyrosine phosphatase with two SH2 domains, plays a critical role in NSC activities. Conditional deletion of Shp2 in neural progenitor cells mediated by Nestin-Cre resulted in early postnatal lethality, impaired corticogenesis, and reduced proliferation of progenitor cells in the ventricular zone. In vitro analyses suggest that Shp2 mediates basic fibroblast growth factor signals in stimulating self-r

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Wang, Chenran, Syn Yeo, Michael A. Haas, and Jun-Lin Guan. "Autophagy gene FIP200 in neural progenitors non–cell autonomously controls differentiation by regulating microglia." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 8 (2017): 2581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201609093.

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Recent studies have shown important roles for autophagy genes in the regulation of different tissue stem cells, including neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). However, little is known about whether autophagy can regulate NSCs through cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Here, we show that deletion of an essential autophagy gene, FIP200, in NSCs increased expression of Ccl5 and Cxcl10 in a p53-independent manner, mediating increased infiltration of microglia into the subventricular zone of both FIP200hGFAP conditional knockout (cKO) and FIP200;p53hGFAP 2cKO mice. The microglia exhibited an activated M1 p

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Wang, Jing, Allison Cheng, Chandramohan Wakade, and Robert K. Yu. "Ganglioside GD3 Is Required for Neurogenesis and Long-Term Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells in the Postnatal Mouse Brain." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 41 (2014): 13790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2275-14.2014.

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Wang, Hong, Zhao-Wu Ma, Feng-Ming Ho, Gautam Sethi, and Feng Ru Tang. "Dual Effects of miR-181b-2-3p/SOX21 Interaction on Microglia and Neural Stem Cells after Gamma Irradiation." Cells 12, no. 4 (2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12040649.

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Ionizing radiation induces brain inflammation and the impairment of neurogenesis by activating microglia and inducing apoptosis in neurogenic zones. However, the causal relationship between microglial activation and the impairment of neurogenesis as well as the relevant molecular mechanisms involved in microRNA (miR) remain unknown. In the present study, we employed immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR to study the microglial activation and miRNA expression in mouse brains. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were used in BV2 and mouse neural s

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Sui, B., C. Chen, X. Kou, et al. "Pulp Stem Cell–Mediated Functional Pulp Regeneration." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 1 (2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518808754.

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The preservation of vital dental pulp with vasculature and nerve components remains one of the most significant challenges in modern dentistry. Due to the immense potential for neurovascularization, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has shown emerging promise in regenerative medicine and dental translational practice. Actually, pulp mesenchymal stem cells, including postnatal dental pulp stem cells (from permanent teeth) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, possess unique properties based on their origins from neural crest or glial cells. Furthermore, they reside in

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Zhu, Changlian, Jianfeng Gao, Niklas Karlsson, et al. "Isoflurane Anesthesia Induced Persistent, Progressive Memory Impairment, Caused a Loss of Neural Stem Cells, and Reduced Neurogenesis in Young, but Not Adult, Rodents." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 5 (2010): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.274.

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Isoflurane and related anesthetics are widely used to anesthetize children, ranging from premature babies to adolescents. Concerns have been raised about the safety of these anesthetics in pediatric patients, particularly regarding possible negative effects on cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated isoflurane exposure of juvenile and mature animals on cognition and neurogenesis. Postnatal day 14 (P14) rats and mice, as well as adult (P60) rats, were anesthetized with isoflurane for 35 mins daily for four successive days. Object recognition, place learni

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Wang, Xinyan, Wen Li, Zhenshu Li, et al. "Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy Promotes Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis in Neonatal Rat Offspring." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 8 (2018): 3390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy207.

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Abstract Maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is associated with improved cognitive performances in offspring. However, the effect of supplementation on offspring’s neurogenesis and synaptogenesis is unknown, and whether supplementation should be continued throughout pregnancy is controversial. In present study, 3 groups of female rats were fed a folate-normal diet, folate-deficient diet, or folate-supplemented diet from 1 week before mating until the end of pregnancy. A fourth group fed folate-normal diet from 1 week before mating until mating, then fed folate-supplemented die

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Sall, Jeffrey W., Greg Stratmann, Jason Leong, Elliott Woodward, and Philip E. Bickler. "Propofol at Clinically Relevant Concentrations Increases Neuronal Differentiation But Is Not Toxic to Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells In Vitro." Anesthesiology 117, no. 5 (2012): 1080–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31826f8d86.

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Background Propofol in the early postnatal period has been shown to cause brain cell death. One proposed mechanism for cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia is alteration of neural stem cell function and neurogenesis. We examined the effect of propofol on neural precursor or stem cells (NPCs) grown in vitro. Methods Hippocampal-derived NPCs from postnatal day 2 rats were exposed to propofol or Diprivan. NPCs were then analyzed for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to measure proliferation. Cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate the exp

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Wicki-Stordeur, Leigh E., and Leigh Anne Swayne. "Large Pore Ion and Metabolite-Permeable Channel Regulation of Postnatal Ventricular Zone Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells: Interplay between Aquaporins, Connexins, and Pannexins?" Stem Cells International 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/454180.

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The birth of new neurons from unspecialized neural stem and progenitor cells surrounding the lateral ventricles occurs throughout postnatal life. This process, termed neurogenesis, is complex and multistepped, encompassing several types of cellular behaviours, such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. These behaviours are influenced by numerous factors present in the unique, permissive microenvironment. A major cellular mechanism for sensing the plethora of environmental cues directing this process is the presence of different channel forming proteins spanning the plasma membrane.

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Płatek, Rafał, Piotr Rogujski, Jarosław Mazuryk, Marta B. Wiśniewska, Leszek Kaczmarek, and Artur Czupryn. "Impaired Generation of Transit-Amplifying Progenitors in the Adult Subventricular Zone of Cyclin D2 Knockout Mice." Cells 11, no. 1 (2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11010135.

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In the adult brain, new neurons are constitutively derived from postnatal neural stem cells/progenitors located in two neurogenic regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (migrating and differentiating into different subtypes of the inhibitory interneurons of the olfactory bulbs), and the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cyclin D2 knockout (cD2-KO) mice exhibit reduced numbers of new hippocampal neurons; however, the proliferation deficiency and the dysregulation of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ required further investigation. In this report, we chara

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Jung, Da Hee, Malk Eun Pak, Hong Ju Lee, et al. "Electroacupuncture on the Scalp over the Motor Cortex Ameliorates Behavioral Deficits Following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats via the Activation of Neural Stem Cells." Life 10, no. 10 (2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10100240.

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Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy via alternating current stimulation on the scalp over the motor cortex is used for the treatment of brain disorders. Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), a brain injury in newborns, leads to long-term neurologic complications. Here, we investigated whether EA could promote functional improvements and neurogenesis in a neonatal HI rat model. A neonatal HI rat model was induced by permanent ligation of the left carotid artery in postnatal day 7 pups. EA for neonatal HI rats was performed at 2 Hz (1, 3, or 5 mA; 20 min) from 4–6 weeks after birth. HI rats undergoing EA

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Sánchez-Huerta, Karla, Rosaura Debbie Saldaña-Salinas, Pablo Edson Bustamante-Nieves, et al. "Sucrose Consumption during Late Adolescence Impairs Adult Neurogenesis of the Ventral Dentate Gyrus without Inducing an Anxiety-like Behavior." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (2022): 14176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214176.

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Sucrose consumption impairs behavioral and cognitive functions that correlate with decreased neurogenesis in animal models. When consumed during early adolescence, this disaccharide promotes anxious and depressive behaviors, along with a reduction in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Data concerning sucrose consumption during late adolescence are lacking, and the effect of sucrose intake on the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (which modulates anxiety and depression) remains elusive. Here, we tested whether sucrose intake during late adolescence cau

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Huang, He, Lu Liu, Bing Li, et al. "Ketamine Interferes with the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Rats." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 35, no. 1 (2015): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369698.

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Background: Previous studies have shown ketamine can alter the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. However, these effects have not been entirely clarified in vivo in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal rats. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal rats in vivo. Methods: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered four injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1-h intervals, and then 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitonea

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Müller, Dieter, Balanes Hida, Gabriela Guidone, et al. "Expression of Guanylyl Cyclase (GC)-A and GC-B during Brain Development: Evidence for a Role of GC-B in Perinatal Neurogenesis." Endocrinology 150, no. 12 (2009): 5520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0490.

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Abstract Atrial (ANP) and C-type (CNP) natriuretic peptide generate physiological effects via selective activation of two closely related membrane receptors with guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity, known as GC-A and GC-B. As yet, however, the discrete roles for ANP/GC-A vs. CNP/GC-B signaling in many mammalian tissues are still poorly understood. We here used receptor affinity labeling and GC assays to characterize comparatively GC-A/GC-B expression and functional activity during rat brain development. The study revealed that GC-B predominates in the developing and GC-A in the adult brain, with re

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Wang, Ning, Yang Lu, Kui Wang, et al. "Simvastatin Attenuates Neurogenetic Damage and Improves Neurocongnitive Deficits Induced by Isoflurane in Neonatal Rats." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 46, no. 2 (2018): 618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488630.

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Background/Aims: Isoflurane inhibited neurogenesis and induced subsequent neurocognitive deficits in developing brain. Simvastatin exerts neuroprotection in a wide range of brain injury models. In the present study, we investigated whether simvastatin could attenuate neurogenetic inhibition and cognitive deficits induced by isoflurane exposure in neonatal rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day (PND) 7 and neural stem cells (NSCs) were treated with either gas mixture, isoflurane, or simvastatin 60 min prior to isoflurane exposure, respectively. The rats were decapitated at PND 8 an

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So, K., T. Moriya, S. Nishitani, H. Takahashi, and K. Shinohara. "The olfactory conditioning in the early postnatal period stimulated neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and increased neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb of rats." Neuroscience 151, no. 1 (2008): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.051.

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Chou, Shu-Min, Ke-Xin Li, Ming-Yueh Huang, et al. "Kv1.1 channels regulate early postnatal neurogenesis in mouse hippocampus via the TrkB signaling pathway." eLife 10 (May 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.58779.

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In the postnatal brain, neurogenesis occurs only within a few regions, such as the hippocampal sub-granular zone (SGZ). Postnatal neurogenesis is tightly regulated by factors that balance stem cell renewal with differentiation, and it gives rise to neurons that participate in learning and memory formation. The Kv1.1 channel, a voltage-gated potassium channel, was previously shown to suppress postnatal neurogenesis in the SGZ in a cell-autonomous manner. In this study, we have clarified the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Kv1.1-dependent postnatal neurogenesis. First, we disco

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Dou, Zhengchao, Joe Eun Son, and Chi-chung Hui. "Irx3 and Irx5 - Novel Regulatory Factors of Postnatal Hypothalamic Neurogenesis." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.763856.

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The hypothalamus is a brain region that exhibits highly conserved anatomy across vertebrate species and functions as a central regulatory hub for many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis and circadian rhythm. Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are largely responsible for sensing of peripheral signals such as leptin and insulin, and are critical for the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. While these neurons are mainly born during embryogenesis, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that neurogenesis also occurs in postnatal-adult mouse hypothalamu

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Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, and Ryoichiro Kageyama. "Hes1 overexpression leads to expansion of embryonic neural stem cell pool and stem cell reservoir in the postnatal brain." Development 148, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.189191.

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ABSTRACT Neural stem cells (NSCs) gradually alter their characteristics during mammalian neocortical development, resulting in the production of various neurons and glial cells, and remain in the postnatal brain as a source of adult neurogenesis. Notch-Hes signaling is a key regulator of stem cell properties in the developing and postnatal brain, and Hes1 is a major effector that strongly inhibits neuronal differentiation and maintains NSCs. To manipulate Hes1 expression levels in NSCs, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice using the Tet-On system. In Hes1-overexpressing Tg mice, NSCs were maintai

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Liu, Yubing, Maria Bilen, Marie-Michelle McNicoll, et al. "Early postnatal defects in neurogenesis in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease." Cell Death & Disease 14, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-023-05650-1.

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AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia. The hippocampus, which is one of the sites where neural stem cells reside and new neurons are born, exhibits the most significant neuronal loss in AD. A decline in adult neurogenesis has been described in several animal models of AD. However, the age at which this defect first appears remains unknown. To determine at which stage, from birth to adulthood, the neurogenic deficits are found in AD, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg). We show that defects in neurogenesis are present

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Noguchi, Hirofumi, Jesse Garcia Castillo, Kinichi Nakashima, and Samuel J. Pleasure. "Suppressor of fused controls perinatal expansion and quiescence of future dentate adult neural stem cells." eLife 8 (April 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.42918.

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the quiescent neural stem cell (NSC) pool to persist lifelong. However, establishment and maintenance of quiescent NSC pools during development is not understood. Here, we show that Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) controls establishment of the quiescent NSC pool during mouse dentate gyrus (DG) development by regulating Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling activity. Deletion of Sufu in NSCs early in DG development decreases Shh signaling activity leading to reduced proliferation of NSCs, resulting in a small quiescent NSC pool in adult mice. We found that putative a

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Rodríguez-Bodero, Ane, and Juan Manuel Encinas-Pérez. "Does the plasticity of neural stem cells and neurogenesis make them biosensors of disease and damage?" Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (September 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.977209.

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Postnatal and adult neurogenesis takes place in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the vast majority of mammals due to the persistence of a population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that also generate astrocytes and more NSCs. These are highly plastic and dynamic phenomena that undergo continuous modifications in response to the changes brain homeostasis. The properties of NSCs as well as the process of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, are reshaped divergently by changes in neuronal activity and by different types of disease and damage. This richness of plastic responses identifies NSCs and new

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Hwang, William W., Ryan D. Salinas, Jason J. Siu, et al. "Distinct and separable roles for EZH2 in neurogenic astroglia." eLife 3 (May 27, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.02439.

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The epigenetic mechanisms that enable specialized astrocytes to retain neurogenic competence throughout adult life are still poorly understood. Here we show that astrocytes that serve as neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) express the histone methyltransferase EZH2. This Polycomb repressive factor is required for neurogenesis independent of its role in SVZ NSC proliferation, as Ink4a/Arf-deficiency in Ezh2-deleted SVZ NSCs rescues cell proliferation, but neurogenesis remains defective. Olig2 is a direct target of EZH2, and repression of this bHLH transcription

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Fong, Harmony, and Deborah M. Kurrasch. "Developmental and functional relationships between hypothalamic tanycytes and embryonic radial glia." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (January 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1129414.

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The hypothalamus is a key regulator of several homeostatic processes, such as circadian rhythms, energy balance, thirst, and thermoregulation. Recently, the hypothalamic third ventricle has emerged as a site of postnatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis. This hypothalamic neural stem potential resides in a heterogeneous population of cells known as tanycytes, which, not unlike radial glia, line the floor and ventrolateral walls of the third ventricle and extend a long process into the hypothalamic parenchyma. Here, we will review historical and recent data regarding tanycyte biology across the lif

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Raposo, Ramon da Silva, Daniel Vieira Pinto, Ricardo Moreira, et al. "Methylmercury Impact on Adult Neurogenesis: Is the Worst Yet to Come From Recent Brazilian Environmental Disasters?" Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 12 (November 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.591601.

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Worldwide environmental tragedies of anthropogenic origin causing massive release of metals and other pollutants have been increasing considerably. These pollution outbreaks affect the ecosystems and impact human health. Among those tragedies, recent large-scale environmental disasters in Brazil strongly affected riverside populations, leading to high-risk exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is highly neurotoxic to the developing brain. This toxicant causes neural stem cell dysfunction and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, less is known about the effects of MeHg in the postnatal ne

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Serra-Almeida, Catarina, Cláudia Saraiva, Marta Esteves, et al. "C-Terminal Binding Proteins Promote Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in the Subventricular Zone." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8 (January 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.584220.

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C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcriptional modulators that can regulate gene expression through the recruitment of a corepressor complex composed of chromatin-modifying enzymes and transcriptional factors. In the brain, CtBPs have been described as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Nevertheless, the role of CtBPs on postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) fate is not known yet. Herein, we evaluate the expression and functions of CtBPs in postnatal NSCs from the subventricular zone (SVZ). We found that CtBPs were expressed in immature/progenitor cells, neu

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