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Journal articles on the topic 'Methanolic solution'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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D., P. GHOSH, GUHANlYOGI B., and C. LAHIRI S. "Association Constants of the Complexes between 8-Hydroxyquinolines with Ammonia and Methylamine in 90% Methanol + Water Mixtures." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, Mar 1997 (1997): 191–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5877525.

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Department of Chemistry, TDB Collage, Asansol Department of Chemistry, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235 Manuscript received 28 March 1995, revised 29 September 1995, accepted 15 November 1995 8-Hydroxyquinoline (HQ), 5-chloro-7-iodlo-8-hydroxyquinollne (ICHQ) and 5,7-dilodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (I2HQ) form stable yellow complexes with NH3 and CH3H2 at room temperature but decompose above 323 K. The association constants of the complexes at 298 K calculated spectrophotometrically in 90% methanol solution have been found to be fairly high. The stability of the complexes with NH3 or CH3NH2 are usually In the order, ICHQ > I2HQ > HQ.

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Hefny, Mohamed H., Abdullah S. Babaqi, Mohamed S. El-Basiouny, and Ragab M. Abdullah. "Anodic dissolution of zinc in aqueous-methanolic trichloroacetic acid solutions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 1 (1991): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910236.

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Steady state current-potential curves for the anodic dissolution of zinc in aqueous-methanolic 0.25M trichloracetic acid solutions were constructed for wide ranges of the solution composition and temperature. Analysis of the results reveal that the increase of the water content and rise of temperature of the solution increases the corrosion rate. The most plausible role of the solvent lies within the stabilization of the anodic dissolution reaction products by water molecules. The changes in the properties of the solution due to the presence of methanol which give rise to hindrance of the anodic dissolution reaction are adsorption of methanol, change of viscosity and pH of the solution. These factors seem to be of secondary importance.

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Jorge, F. C., T. M. Santos, J. Pedrosa de Jesus, and W. B. Banks. "Fixation of Chromium in Wood from Trivalent Chromium Salt Solutions." Holzforschung 53, no. 5 (1999): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.077.

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Summary The aim of this study was to fix chromium chemically in wood from trivalent chromium solutions. Chromium(III) nitrate, chloride and sulphate salts were applied, both in aqueous and in methanolic solutions. To improve chromium fixation metallic zinc was used as a strong reductant to generate labile Cr(II) species from Cr(III), and base was added (NaOH for water and NaMeO for methanol). Aqueous solution reaction conditions were always acidic in spite of base addition, leading to unacceptable levels of wood degradation (e. g., weight loss), although relatively high chromium levels were attained in some cases. Methanolic solutions did not lead to wood degradation, and there was fixation of high levels of chromium. Although the addition of NaMeO seemed to improve chromium fixation, a chromium precipitate always formed, usually after a long reaction time (> 4h). Therefore the following experimental conditions for chromium fixation are suggested: alcoholic solution of Cr(III) chloride or nitrate, addition of metallic zinc, at reflux. To avoid using large amounts of zinc, Cr(III)-solutions can also be reduced electrochemically.

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Yuvaraj, P. and John Peter Paul J. "ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF DICTYOPTERIS AUSTRALIS (SONDER) ASKENASY (BROWN SEAWEED) FROM PAMBAN, RAMANATHAPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 08 (2017): 2534–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848511.

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The present study was aimed to determine the analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Dictyopteris australis (Sonder) Askenasy collected from Pamban, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. The dried and powdered Dictyopteris australis was extracted in methanol to estimate the analgesic activity. The analgesic activity was assessed on intact rat by tail immersion method. Diclofenac Sodium in the dose of 100mg/kg was used as standard drug. Methanolic extracts of Dictyopteris australis were given in the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg. Control group received normal saline solution. All the doses were given orally. Results explained that both the doses of methanolic extracts of Dictyopteris australis had potent analgesic activity. From the observations, it was concluded that methanolic extract of Dictyopteris australis at 200mg/kg was found to have more effect as compared to 400mg/kg methanolic extract. Key words: Analgesic, Seaweeds, Dictyopteris, Methanolic extract, Pamban.

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Jung, Hee Jin, Hae Ran Park, Uhee Jung, and Sung Kee Jo. "Radiolysis study of genistein in methanolic solution." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78, no. 6 (2009): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.03.004.

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Saalfrank, Rolf W., Roland Harbig, Oliver Struck, Eva-Maria Peters, and Hans Georg von Schnering. "Verknüpfung koordinativ ungesättigter Kupfer(II)-Monomere via Cyano-versus Tetrazolyl-Donor/ Linkage of Coordinatively Unsaturated Copper(II) Monomers via Cyano versus Tetrazolyl Donor." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 3 (1996): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0316.

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Abstract Reaction of a methanolic copper(II) acetate solution with tetrazolyl enol derivatives 2a (HL2) or 2b (HL3) leads to the formation of the corresponding 2D-coordination polymers 4 (∞2 [CuL22]) and 5 (∞2 [CuL23]), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the supramolecular species 4 and 5 established unequivocally the structures of the regioisomeric coordination polymers. On the contrary, reactions of 2c (HL4) with methanolic copper(II) acetate solution and 2b (HL3) with methanolic zinc(II) acetate solution yield mononuclear chelate complexes 11 ([CuL42]) and 12 ([ZnL23(MeOH)2]). The structures of 11 and 12 have been established by X-ray structure analysis.

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G., BHATTACHARJEE, K. SINGH A., and SAIKIA R. "Kinetics of the Reaction of 2,3-[3-Norcaren-endo-2,5-diyl]-N-(2',4'-dinitrophenoxy)succinimide with Hydroxide lon, Piperidine, Morpholine and Cyclohexylamine. Base Catalysis with Hydroxide lon and Piperidine." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 68, Jul 1991 (1991): 407–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6158026.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667 Manuscript received 19 February 1990, revised 17 June 1991, accepted 26 June 1991 Kinetics of the Reaction of 2,3-[3-Norcaren-endo-2,5-diyl]-N-(2',4'-dinitrophenoxy)succinimide with Hydroxide lon, Piperidine, Morpholine and Cyclohexylamine. Base Catalysis with Hydroxide lon and Piperidine.

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Bhusan Sahoo, Himanshu, Rakesh Sagar, Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra, and Amrita Bhaiji. "Preliminary study on the impact of methanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn. on hair growth promoting effect in rats." Herba Polonica 59, no. 2 (2013): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2013-0010.

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Summary Methanolic extract of Elephantopus scaber leaves was investigated for its role in hair growth in experimental rats. The 2% and 5% solution of prepared formulation using methanolic extract was studied for hair growth on wistar rats for 30 days. Minoxidil (2% solution) was taken as a reference standard. The prepared hair oil formulation of methanolic extract significantly (p<0.01) potentiated the hair growth initiation and completion time with dosedependent improvement in skin biopsy, hair length and hair weight. In vitro hair follicles development study showed the significant (p<0.05) improvement in the initiation of new hair follicles. Above mentioned results indicated that the methanolic extract of E. scaber rendered significant hair growth promotive effect

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Kharat, Amol R., Farooqui Zakerab, and Kiran Ramesh Kharat. "Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Mentha arvensis of South Gujarat: Evidence from In-vitro Assay." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2866.

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Present work was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts Mentha arvensis leaves as free radical scavenger. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by nitric oxide scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging method and ferric thiocyanate method. The result of the studies was compared with the standard solution of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) treated with same reagent. The results of all the studies showed significant free radical scavenging activity in both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis and methanolic extract showed the highest free radical scavenging potential than aqueous extract. Keywords: Free radical, Mentha arvensis, Nitric oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, ferric thiocyanate

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Saalfrank, Rolf W., Roland Harbig, Oliver Struck, et al. "Eindimensionale Kupfer(II)-Koordinationspolymere: Kristall-Engineering durch variable Verknüpfungsmuster [1] / One Dimensional Copper(II) Coordination Polymers: Crystal Engineering through Variable Types of Linkage [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 1 (1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0124.

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Reaction of a methanolic copper(II) acetate solution with tetrazolyl enol derivatives 2a or 2b leads to the formation of the corresponding lD-coordination polymer 1∞[CuL2] 3a and pseudo 1D-coordination polymer [CuL2]2 3b, respectively. On the contrary, reaction of 2c with methanolic copper(II) acetate solution yields OH-bridged 1D-coordination polymer 1∞[CuL2(MeOH)2 3c. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the supramolecular species 3 established unequivocally the structures of the stairlike coordination compounds. Reaction of a methanolic copper(II) acetate solution with amidotetrazole derivative 6 leads to the formation of the lD-coordination polymer 1∞ [CuL2] 7. The structure of 7 has been established by X-ray structure analysis

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Piekarski, Henryk. "Heat capacities and volumes of some non-electrolytes in N,N-dimethylformamide at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 12 (1987): 2810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-467.

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Heat capacities and densities of dilute solutions of formamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 2-ethoxyethanol in N,N-dimethylformamide were determined at 298.15 K. Apparent molal heat capacities and volumes for these solutes in DMF were calculated and compared with the analogous data for other substances in DMF solution as well as with the data concerning solutions in methanol and water. Heat capacities of cavity formation (ΔCcav) in DMF were calculated on the basis of the Scaled Particle Theory. ΔCcav appeared to be linearly correlated with the standard partial molal volume of corresponding solutes in DMF. Similar dependences were also found for aqueous and methanolic solutions of the non-electrolytes.

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SHARMA, ANKUSH, and AMIT JAIN. "Evaluation of in vivo Anti-inflammatory Action of Leaf Extracts of Plumeria pudica." Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24092/crps.2022.120206.

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The leaves of Plumeria pudica grow whirling around the stem and have a sessile base. The leaves are light green in color and the shape of the blade is spoon like, the apex is sharp. The extraction abilities of different solvents for recovering extractable components from leaves followed the order: methanol>water>chloroform>benzene. The results suggest the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, phenolics, terpenoids, sterols, proteins and flavonoids in the leaf of the plant. All the extracts were subjected to in vitro determination of their anti-inflammatory potential using inhibition of albumin denaturation as well as anti-proteinase methods. All the concentration levels of the extracts showed the inhibition of albumin denaturation. The 500 µg/mL methanolic extract had shown the greatest inhibition capacity (64.36%) whereas the lowest inhibition capacity was exhibited by 100 µg/mL of the benzene extract (1.29%). The highest anti-proteinase activity was exhibited by methanolic extract solution at 500 µg/mL concentration, inhibiting 51.37% while the 100 µg/mL methanolic solution was able to inhibit only 13.01% protease activity. The methanolic extract was found to be the most potential in exhibiting anti-inflammatory action in the in vitro assays and hence it was used for in vivo anti-inflammatory screening at two dose levels. The methanolic leaf extract of Plumeria pudica (MLEPP) was able to reduce the inflammation in a dose dependent manner. The maximum inhibition of edema by MLEPP at 100 mg/kg dose was 28.78% at the end of the 4th hour while that with 200 mg/kg dose was 50.4%. Key words: In-Vivo, Anti-Inflammtory, Plumeria Pudica,

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dos Santos, Ádamo César M. A., John R. Lindsay Smith, and Marilda D. Assis. "Chloroquine-iron(III) tetra-arylporphyrin interactions and their effect on chloroquine oxidations catalyzed by iron(III) tetra-arylporphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 09, no. 05 (2005): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424605000411.

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This paper reports a UV-Vis spectroscopic study on the interactions of chloroquine with anionic, cationic and neutral tetra-arylporphyrins and their iron(III) complexes in aqueous buffer and in methanolic solution. This study reveals that in water at pH 6.4 cooperative ion-pair and π-π interactions lead to complex formation between the anionic porphyrin species and chloroquine. In methanolic solution no π-π complexation is observed. The neutral and cationic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins do not form complexes with chloroquine. On the basis of these results, the iron(III) porphyrins have been used as catalysts for the oxidation of chloroquine by iodosylbenzene. The main oxidation product in all systems is monodesethylchloroquine. The anionic iron(III) porphyrins are the most active catalysts; in aqueous solution they are selective for oxidative deethylation whereas in methanol they also give five other oxidation products. The cationic and neutral iron(III) porphyrins are poor or inactive catalysts for chloroquine oxidation by iodosylbenzene. The effect of iron(III) porphyrin/chloroquine interactions on the yields and selectivity of the oxidation is discussed.

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Rohman, Nashiour, Sekh Mahiuddin, Narendra N. Dass, and Ki-Pung Yoo. "Isentropic compressibility of aqueous and methanolic electrolytic solution." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 19, no. 4 (2002): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699317.

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MAATOUK, IMED, AMEL MEHREZ, AYA BEN AMARA, et al. "Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Ochratoxin A Stability and Cytotoxicity in Methanolic Solutions and Potential Application in Tunisian Millet Samples." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 8 (2019): 1433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-557.

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ABSTRACT Gamma irradiation is a useful technology for degrading mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation on ochratoxin A (OTA) stability under different conditions. OTA was irradiated in methanolic solution and on millet flour at doses of 2 and 4 kGy. Residual OTA concentrations and possible degradation products in irradiated samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The extent of in vitro cytotoxicity of OTA to HepG2 cells, with and without irradiation treatment, was assessed with an MTT assay. OTA was more sensitive to gamma radiation on Tunisian millet flour than in methanolic solutions. After irradiation of naturally contaminated millet flour, the OTA concentration was significantly reduced by 48 and 62% at a dose of 2 and 4 kGy, respectively. However, in the methanolic solution, OTA at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg mL−1 was relatively stable even at a dose of 4 kGy, with no degradation products detected in the chemical analysis. Analytical results were confirmed by cell culture assays. The remaining cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of OTA following irradiation was not significantly affected compared with the controls. These findings indicate that gamma irradiation could offer a solution for OTA decontamination in the postharvest processing chain of millet flour. However, the associated toxicological hazard of decontaminated food matrices needs more investigation.

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Rahman, Md Abdur, Md Saddam Hussain, Md Shalahuddin Millat, and Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal. "Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 5 (October 2016): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.5.25.

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Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.

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Michelle Ooi Yi Ching, Sasikala Chinnappan, and Mogana Sundari Rajagopal. "In vitro anti-motility and antispasmodic effects of Garcinia mangostana extracts in isolated chicken ileum preparation." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2019): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.714.

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Garcinia mangostana pericarps have been traditionally used in Southeast Asia for a variety of medicinal conditions. The present study was carried out to determine the anti-motility and antispasmodic effects of methanolic and aqueous G. mangostana extracts (MEM and AEM) on isolated chicken ileum. Extracts were prepared from the pericarp of G. mangostana using maceration technique with methanol and distilled water. Isolated ileum preparations were set up for recording in Tyrode’s solution at 37°C. Dose-response curves were plotted using various doses of agonist as control such as acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine. Atropine, mepyramine and extracts were used as an antagonist. The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts possess significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects (p<0.05) on agonist-induced contractions. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of extracts and standard antagonists were higher than the agonist alone. Both methanolic and aqueous extract of G. mangostana exerts anti-motility and antispasmodic effects on smooth muscle contractions. The study provides findings that support G. mangostana can be the potential treatment for diarrhoea and spasm.

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Staninski, Krzysztof, and Stefan Lis. "Photophysical characterization of chosen Ln(III) macromolecular complexes." International Journal of Photoenergy 7, no. 3 (2005): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x0500022x.

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Spectral characterization of N,N′-Bis(2,4-dihydroxobenzylidene)1,2-diaminobenzene (DHDA) complexes with chosen f- and d-metal ions are described. Physico-chemical properties of a series of complexes were studied in methanol solution using UV-VIS, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the excitation and fluorescence spectra of DHDA in water and methanol after being exposed to ultraviolet radiation, show very obvious photochromism. The formation of 1 : 1 complexes between4,4′,4″,4‴-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)-tetrakis benzoic acid, (TCPPH2) and La(III), Eu(III) and Yb(III) in methanolic solution, with the use of the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods. The conditional stability constants of the complexes were studied by monitoring the spectral changes of energy and intensity of Q bands of the porphyrin.

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Uttarwar, Sandesh, Dillon Hofsommer, Manu Gautam, Craig Grapperhaus, and Joshua M. Spurgeon. "Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to Methyl Formate/Formic Acid in a Dual Non-Aqueous/Aqueous Flow Cell Electrolyzer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 40 (2023): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01402797mtgabs.

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Electrochemical conversion of CO2 has been very promising in neutralizing existing carbon in the atmosphere as well as creating a pathway to produce various fuels and chemicals. The use of a CO2 flow electrolyzer makes it possible to achieve high faradaic efficiencies at high current densities from pure CO2 or dilute flue gas feeds. CO2 solubility in methanol is higher than in aqueous solutions and with acidic methanol as a solvent, it is possible to generate a unique product, methyl formate. This work describes the use of mixed propylene carbonate/methanol solutions as a solvent for CO2 reduction using a gas diffusion electrode and an aqueous anolyte and optimization of a high mass flux CO2 electrolyzer to produce methyl formate using a Pb-catalyst at higher current densities. pH-dependent product distribution is also described. The partial current densities varied depending on the cell design; cells where charge passes through more solvent result in lower current density because methanol has a higher solution resistance than aqueous solutions. The methanolic catholyte is paired with an aqueous anolyte to promote a sustainable water oxidation half-reaction.

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Mahar, Z. A., G. Q. Shar, and A. R. Shaikh. "FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENCY OF FIVE DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) FRUIT VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN KHAIRPUR MIR’S." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 36, no. 2 (2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.2.3.

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The fruit of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is well-known for its several health blessings and dietary values and its wonderful supply of phenolics compounds and holds relatively exquisite antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the free radical scavenging efficiency of the five-date types Aseel, Kupro, Karbala Wari, Asul Khurmo and Gajar Wari cultivated in district Khairpur Mir’s. These date varieties were screened with the help of DPPH assay to evaluate their free radical scavenging efficiency in different solvents. From the statistics, it turned into scrutinize that each extract has interesting antioxidant functionality against free radicals. The methanolic extract has more potential to incline the free radicals. It was concluded that the date variety Asul Khumro is shown excellent activity because it possesses lowest IC50 value 17.823µg/mL, followed by Gajar Wari 20.679 µg/mL in methanolic solution while Kupro 20.937µg/mL in Methanol + Water solution then relaxation of different date varieties at their mature Tamar level. It is concluded from the results that all dates fruit varieties at their final mature stage holds higher antioxidant potency and indicated that these date fruits have natural antioxidants.

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Shahsavari, Somayeh, Sipra Sarkar, Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, and Sudip Kumar Mandal. "Determination of the Total Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Falcaria Vulgaris." Journal of Biochemicals and Phytomedicine 1, no. 1 (2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jbp.2022.3.

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Introduction: A growing tendency to the administration of medicinal plants is observed because of their amazing influence on human health. Pharmaceutical and food industries recommend the use of medicinal plants due to their antioxidant properties. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of Falcaria vulgaris. Methods: Aerial parts of F. vulgaris were dried and ground. Then, plant samples were prepared using homogenizing plant powders in a methanol solution. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the plants was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the total antioxidant capacity was obtained as 2.86 mmol Fe2+/L for the methanolic extract of F. vulgaris. Conclusion: According to the findings, F. vulgaris had a strong antioxidant capacity. It could be concluded that the administration of F. vulgaris in food and pharmaceutical industries could possibly affect positively human health.

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Levytska, Svitlana, Artur Mylin, and Anatoliy Varvarin. "Catalytic Synthesis of Methyl Glycolate from Glyoxal Methanol Solution over Base Catalysts." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (2022): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.04.515.

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The process of obtaining methyl glycolate from a methanolic solution of glyoxal over solid basic catalysts based on mixed oxides of magnesium, zirconium, and aluminum has been studied. According to obtained results, the selectivity of the methyl glycolate formation increases with increasing the basicity of the catalyst. The most selective coprecipitated MgO-ZrO2 provides almost 100 % methyl glycolate yield. The supported MgO-ZrO2/Al2O3 gives to 95 % yield of methyl glycolate with the formation of the glyoxal dimethyl acetal as a by-product. This catalyst could be reused several consecutive cycles without the need for intermediate regeneration. Methyl glycolate in a high 93 % yield can be obtained at 453 K over this solid catalyst in flow mode, which may be of practical interest.

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Rohman, Nashiour, Narendra Nath Dass, and Sekh Mahiuddin. "Speeds of Sound and Viscosities of Potassium Thiocyanate in Water, Methanol, and Propylene Carbonate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 6 (2000): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99137.

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Measured speeds of sound, structural relaxation times, and the viscosities of aqueous, methanolic, and propylene carbonate solutions of potassium thiocyanate are reported as functions of concentration (0.0049 ≤ m/mol kg–1 ≤ 22.924) and temperature (273.15 ≤ T/K ≤ 343.15). The primary solvation number of the SCN– ion has been estimated to be 11.6 in a water medium. The total solvation numbers corresponding to the concentration at which the isentropic compressibility isotherms converge for potassium thiocyanate in methanol and propylene carbonate media were estimated to be 5.2 and 1.9, respectively. Structural transition in aqueous potassium thiocyanate solution has been observed in the concentration range of c. 4.0–5.5 mol kg–1 which was assigned due to the counterbalance between the structural-breaking effect of the K+ ion and the ion-association of K+ and SCN– ions.

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Albuquerque, Brunno L., Gustavo Chacón, Michael Nazarkovsky, and Jairton Dupont. "Rhodium nanoparticles impregnated on TiO2: strong morphological effects on hydrogen production." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 31 (2020): 13249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02419h.

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Rabouan, S. "Fluorescence study of some terbiumâoligopeptide complexes in methanolic solution." Talanta 51, no. 4 (2000): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00353-7.

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R, Murtala, Alhassan S. I., Rasheed H.I, et al. "Comparative phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of lemon grass and sweet wormwood leaves extract." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31422.

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Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves were extracted with methanol, evaporated to dryness and processed for antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening. Phosphomolybdenum Reagent was prepared using standard procedure. An aliquot mixture of 2mL of extract solution (1000µg/mL, 500µg/mL, 250µg/mL, 125µg/mL, 62.5µg/mL, 31.25µg/mL and 15.625µg/mL) was mixed with 1.8mL of reagent solution. The samples tubes were incubated at 95°C for 90 minutes. The absorbance of the aqueous solutions was measured at 695nm against blank. Antioxidant activities of the plants extract were also measured in terms of hydrogen donating radical scavenging ability using the stable DPPH method. Absorbance was recorded at 517 nm against blank using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result of in vitro antioxidant potential of the methanolic leaves extract showed more increase in concentration the higher the absorbance. Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Lemon Grass and Sweet wormwood shows the presence of phytochemical in lemongrass and sweet wormwood such as flavonoid, tannin, steroid, saponins and cardiac glycoside.

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Scott, Martin, Christian G. Westhues, Teresa Kaiser, et al. "Methylformate from CO2: an integrated process combining catalytic hydrogenation and reactive distillation." Green Chemistry 21, no. 23 (2019): 6307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03006a.

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Šima, Jozef, Dáša Lauková, and Vlasta Brezová. "Photoredox Reactions of Iodo Iron(III) Complexes Containing Tetradentate Ligands." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 1 (2001): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010109.

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Photoredox reactions occurring in irradiated methanolic solutions of trans-[FeIII(R,R'-salen)(CH3OH)I], where R,R'-salen2- are N,N'-ethylenebis(R,R'-salicylideneiminato), tetradentate open-chain N2O2-Schiff bases with R,R' = H, 5-Cl, 5-Br, 3,5-di-Br, 3,5-di-(CH3), 3-OCH3, 5-OCH3, have been investigated and their mechanism proposed. The complexes are redox-stable in the dark. Ultraviolet and/or visible irradiation of methanolic solution of the complexes induces photoreduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Depending on the composition of the irradiated solutions, •CH2OH radicals or solvated electrons were identified by the EPR spin trapping technique. The final product of the photooxidation coupled with the photoreduction of Fe(III) is formaldehyde and the molar ratio of Fe(II) and CH2O is close to 2 : 1. The efficiency of the photoredox process is strongly wavelength-dependent and influenced by the peripheral groups R,R' of the tetradentate ligands.

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WASIULLAH, W., Saleem JAN, A. A. SHAD, A. BASIT, and F. ULLAH. "PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM LINN." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 2 (2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.369.

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The current study was focused on the phytochemical investigation and pharmacological activities of the various fractions (methanolic crude, defatted methanolic, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and water) of H. curassavicum. The various plant extracts were examined for the total phenolic contents by taking Gallic acid as a standard, antioxidant scavenging assay by using DPPH (2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) & ABTS [2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] free radicals, antifungal assay by using Terbinafine solution in DMSO as positive control and pure DMSO as negative control and in-vitro antibacterial activity. Methanolic crude extract showed high phenolic contents and significant antioxidant activity (both DPPH & ABTS). All other fractions were also found to have significant potential.

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Mittal, Rohit, R. Kumar, and HS Chahal. "Screening of antioxidant property of Eclipta alba." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2070.

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The aim of the study was to examine the possible antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of medicinal plants, Eclipta alba. We examined for such properties such as nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons on its outer orbital, highly reactive, and could damage cell inside human body. Human body produce antioxidant to neutralize free radicals, but human ageing and stress oxidative conditions would increase the formation of free radicals, therefore an exogenous antioxidant are needed. Asteraceae is the largest family among the plant kingdom, therefore it has a great potential as source of exogenous antioxidant. The flavonoid content of the plant extract was estimated by the method of (Lamaison and Carnat, 1990). Briefly 1.0 ml of plant extract was mixed with 1.0 ml of aluminium chloride reagent and resultant colour was read at 430 nm. The flavonoid content of the extract was expressed as mg quercetin equivalent/gm dry wt. of extract. The coarsely powdered plant materials of Eclipta alba (2000 g) were extracted separately to exhaustion in Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours by using methanol solvent The crude extract was filtered using 125 mm Whatman® qualitative filter paper under sterile condition. A methanol solution of the sample at various concentrations was added to 0.5 ml of 0.1 mM methanolic solution of DPPH and allowed to stand for 30 min at 25°C in darkness. The absorbance of the sample was measured at 517 nm. A 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in methanol was used as control, whereas ascorbic acid was used as reference standard. The absorbance of the pink chromophore formed during the diazotization of the nitrite with sulphanilamide and the subsequent coupling with naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride was measured at 546 nm. The percentage of inhibition of the extract shown 39% in 25µg and in 100µg it was 73 percent.

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Abu Bakar, Izza Nadira, Abdul Raffar Abdul Razak, Muhammad Nur Hakim Zulkifle, Nur Aliah Rosli, and Yeo Freddy Kuok San. "Antifungal Properties of Selected Medicinal Plant Species Against Fusarium spp. – A Preliminary Study." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.1202.2018.

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Usage of synthetic fungicides has inevitably been one of the agricultural practices in combating crop pathogens and maintaining the quality of production. Although fungicides have been proven to be profoundly effective, excessive and frequent reliance on these synthetic fungicides have caused negative impacts to the environment and human health. Besides that, indiscriminate use of fungicides may lead to the development of resistant strains of pathogenic fungi. The need to find an alternative solution to synthetic fungicides has led to the interest in finding plant-based fungicides. This study aimed to test the antifungal properties of plant extracts from 13 different medicinal plant species towards plant pathogenic fungi. Absolute methanol was used as a solvent to extract the secondary metabolites from the different plant species. The effect of methanolic crude extract at different concentrations (500 g/ml, 250 g/ml and 100 g/ml), from different medicinal plant species, were tested on the growth of two Fusarium spp., FsB and FsP. The assay showed that the methanolic crude extract from six plant species viz. Alpinia galanga, Annona muricata, Archidendron jiringa, Nephelium lappaceum, Polygonum minus and Artocarpus hybrid (Nanchem) had successfully inhibit the radial mycelial growth of either FsB or FsP, or both. The assay suggested that the six plant species have antifungal properties towards the crop pathogenic fungi tested. Keywords: antimicrobial, Fusarium, plant extracts, methanolic extracts, biofungicides

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Quradha, M. M., A. M. F. Qahtan, Kh B. Kushkhov, and R. A. Mukozheva. "Antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from crud methanolic extract of rumex nervosus." ADYGHE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 24, no. 1 (2024): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47928/1726-9946-2024-24-1-49-57.

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In the present investigation, an attempt was made to prepare nanoparticles by using a medicinal plant Rumex nervosus, because the biological synthesized nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of medicine now. Silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) was used for the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles using the root extract of Rumex nervosus. The synthesized silver nanoparticles from silver sulfate solution through the root extract were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry, SEM, and FT-IR methods. The SEM analysis showed the average size of 75 nm with spherical shape and it confirmed the formation of nanoparticles in the sample. Antioxidant activity of the crude extract was evaluated by employing the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The result showed moderate antioxidant activity at various concentration as compared to standard ascorbic acid solution. The synthesized nanoparticles can be used for various applications due to its eco-friendless, nontoxic and compatibility for pharmaceutical and other applications.

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Fernandes, Maria Herlândia de Araújo, Karen Oliveira de Menezes, Adriana Maria de Souza, Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida, José Eudes de Morais Oliveira, and Rita de Cássia Rodrigues Gonçalves Gervásio. "Bioactivity of the organic extracts of Annona vepretorum on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 9 (2017): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000900002.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of hexane and methanolic extracts from the leaves of Annona vepretorum (Annonaceae) on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). The methanolic extract toxicity was evaluated by Potter tower application (topical + residual effect) and by immersion of Canavalia ensiformis leaf disks in the extract solution (residual contact effect). The hexane extract toxicity was evaluated exclusively through residual contact effect. Sublethal effects of the methanolic extract were evaluated through LC50 on the females. Mite preference for feeding and oviposition was evaluated by multiple choice tests, between the control and the extract concentrations, using the hexane and methanolic extracts. Estimated LC50 for the methanolic extract was 10.96 mg mL-1 for the topic + residual effect and 22.07 mg mL-1 for the residual effect. Estimated LC50 for the hexane extract was 50.61 mg mL-1. The methanolic extract at the previously estimated CL50 interfered in the fecundity and longevity of females, differing significantly from the control treatment. In the multiple choice tests, for both extracts, mites showed a significant preference for the control, both for feeding and oviposition. Annona vepretorum has acaricide effect and constitutes a botanical source with great potential for controlling T. urticae.

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Ferdous, Jannatul, Mohammad Ashraful Islam, S. M. Neamul Kabir Zihad, et al. "In vitro Antioxidant, Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities of the Rourea minor Leaves." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26, no. 1 (2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v26i1.64218.

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Rourea minor is a species which belongs to the family Connaraceae. Rourea minor reported previously for antibiotic, antibacterial, hemostatic and wound-healing activities. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Rourea minor and its different organic soluble fractions. We measured the total phenolic contents and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity of the extracts to observe their antioxidant potential. The thrombolytic activity was determined by human blood clot lysis. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization based on hypotonic solution- and heat-induced haemolysis. The total phenolic content ranged from 9.4 to 57.4 mg GAE/g of the dry extracts and IC50 values of the different extracts (Crude methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous) were between 20.38 and 269.34 μg/ml. All the extracts showed mild to moderate thrombolytic potential inhibiting the lysis of clot by 3.47% - 18.43%. The extracts also exhibited potential membrane stabilizing activity in both hypotonic solution- and heatinduced haemolysis indicating their anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, it can be concluded that the methanolic extract from the leaves of Rourea minor and its different fractions possess mild to moderate antioxidant, thrombolytic activities, and membrane stabilizing potential. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(1): 51-55, 2023 (January)

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James, M. "The Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Two-Dimensional Di-Pyrazine Bridged Polymers M(pz)2Br2 (M = FeII, CoII, NiII)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 3 (2002): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch01094.

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The polymeric compounds M(pyrazine)2Br2 [M = Fe (1), Co (2), and Ni (3)] have been synthesized by the addition of a solution of pyrazine in methanol to a methanolic solution of the anhydrous metal bromide. The crystal structures of (1)-(3) were determined using powder synchrotron and neutron diffraction data and were found to be isostructural. The structures consist of pseudo-octahedral units, doubly linked by pyrazine ligands to form two-dimensional sheets. Magnetic susceptibility data were recorded for each complex down to 5 K and reveal paramagnetic behaviour at high temperatures and antiferromagnetic interactions at low temperatures. Comparison of the structures and magnetism of these and other M(pz)2X2 compounds highlight the relative importance of the canting of the pyrazine ligands on the strength of the magnetic exchange.

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Manaiah, Vadloori, Bangalore Sethuram, and Tangeda Navaneeth Rao. "Ion pair equilibria in solution: Conductances of aqueous methanolic solutions of silver benzoate at 35� C." Transition Metal Chemistry 14, no. 5 (1989): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01032517.

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Cruz Sanchez, Dominguez, and Pizio. "On the properties of methanolic NaCl solution by molecular dynamics simulations." Condensed Matter Physics 23, no. 2 (2020): 23602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.23.23602.

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Tarakanova, E. G., V. D. Maiorov, and G. V. Yukhnevich. "Hydrogen bond CH…O in a methanolic solution of hydrogen chloride." Russian Chemical Bulletin 48, no. 2 (1999): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02494554.

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Spiegler, C., B. Spiess, G. J. Goetz-Grandmont, and D. C. Povey. "Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of betaxolol in methanolic solution." Inorganica Chimica Acta 196, no. 2 (1992): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86120-4.

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Vijayalakshmi, Maruthamuthu, and Kandasamy Ruckmani. "Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assay in plant extract." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, no. 3 (2016): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i3.27663.

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The ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assay involved the following steps: a) preparation of samples, b) reactions and c) finally measuring absorbance of sample and standard at 700 nm using spectrophotometer. The samples were methanolic extract, different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform) and standard ascorbic acid. The solutions prepared were buffer solution (pH 6.6), 1% potassium ferricyanide solution, 10% trichloroacetic acid and 0.1% ferric chloride. Video Clip<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/s7BpxNbN5dE">Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assay:</a>21 min 18 sec

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Gupta, Dipak Kumar, KM Anita Kafle, Anju Kumari Das, et al. "Study of Jatropha Curcas Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Medium on Mild Steel by Weight Loss and Potentiodynamic Methods." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 41, no. 1 (2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30493.

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The corrosion inhibition properties of methanol extract of Jatropha curcas (JC) were investigated for mild steel (MS) in acidic medium using weight loss and potentiodynamic methods. Corrosion inhibition of MS in 1MH2SO4 was studied in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas barks. The results showed an increase in corrosion inhibition with increasing concentration of the extract. The inhibition efficiency of 1000 ppm JC extract from the weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were approximately 92.0% after 24 hours immersion in the acidic solution. Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the JC extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor.

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Sheikh, Kalim A., Ricki Drexler, Thomas A. Zevaco, Jörg Sauer, and Michael Bender. "Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide in the Liquid Phase: Influence of the Synthetic Methods on Characteristics and Activity of Hydrogenation Catalysts." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030482.

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Oxygenate fuels are a promising solution to urban air pollution, reducing soot emissions by big margins. Formaldehyde is a major building block for the synthesis of oxygen-rich fuels. Herein we report the synthesis, characterisation and testing of ruthenium on alumina catalysts for the methanol-mediated CO hydrogenation towards oxygenates with the formaldehyde oxidation state. We varied the synthesis parameters and could see interesting correlation between synthesis parameters, final metal loading, crystallite sizes and catalyst activity. The catalysts were tested in a high-pressure three-folded reactor plant in the CO hydrogenation in methanolic media. Interesting relationships between catalyst synthesis, structure and activity could be gained from these experiments.

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Aktar, Sharmin, Marzia Bilkiss, Faiza Tahia, Md Al Amin Sikder, Ridwan B. Rashid, and Mohammad A. Rashid. "Bioactivities of Chukrasia tabularis (A. Juss.)." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 2 (2015): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i2.24310.

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The methanol extracts of bark and leaves of Chukrasia tabularis and their organic and aqueous soluble materials were subjected to screenings for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, analgesic and antidiarrhoel activities. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the methanolic extract of bark of C. tabularis and the aqueous soluble fraction of methanol extract of leaves of C. tabularis revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 2.95 ?g/ml and 5.31 ?g/ml, respectively. The pet ether soluble fraction of methanolic extract of leaves and bark of C. tabularis displayed the highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 values 0.0167 ?g/ml and 3.89 ?g/ml, as compared to standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.45 ?g/ml). During thrombolytic assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of leaves and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of bark of C. tabularis showed 34.04% and 56.37% clot lysis, respectively. In the membrane stabilizing assay, the carbontetrachloride and aqueous soluble materials of methanol extract of leaf inhibited 21.03% and 49.68% hypotonic solution- and heat-induced haemolysis of RBC, respectively. The crude extract of leaves of C. tabularis exhibited mild antibacterial activity, while that of leaves and bark revealed significant central analgesic activity at 400 mg/kg body weight. The crude extracts demonstrated significant peripheral analgesic activity at 200- and 400- mg/kg body weight. On the other hand, the crude extract of leaves of C. tabularis revealed significant antidiarrhoel activity.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(2): 126-131, 2015

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Devi, Jai, Som Sharma, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Synthesis, spectral studies and antimicrobial evaluation of transition metal complexes of bidentate Schiff base ligands derived from 4-amino quinoline." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 5 (2022): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2605rjce5670.

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Coordination compounds of Co(II) , Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of the type [M(L1-2)2(H2O)2] were obtained from Schiff base ligands [HL1-2] by the condensation reaction of 5-bromosalicyldehyde/5-chlorosalicyldehyde with 4-amino quinoline using methanol as a solvent in (1:1) molar ratio. The metal complexes were synthesized by reacting the aqueous methanolic solution of metal acetates M(CH3COO)2xH2O with the hot methanolic solution of their respective Schiff base ligands in (1:2) molar ratio. Various physicochemical techniques i.e. elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, magnetic moment studies and different spectral studies (1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–Vis, FT-IR, ESR) and mass spectrometry were used for characterization of compounds. The spectral data confirmed the bidentate nature (NO) of Schiff base ligands coordinating through nitrogen atom of azomethine group and oxygen atom of hydroxyl group resulting in the formation of octahedral geometry of all metal complexes. The Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes were screened against two gram-positive bacterial species i.e. (S. aureus, B. subtilis), two-gram negative bacterial species i.e. (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and two fungal species (A. niger and C. albicans) using serial dilution method with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as reference drug. The results obtained from antimicrobial studies showed that metal complexes are more active than their respective Schiff base ligands. Complex 5 and 6 are potent antimicrobial agent.

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., Abdullah. "Exploration of Hepatoprotective Potential and Phytochemicals of Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew." Pakistan Veterinary Journal 40, no. 04 (2020): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.054.

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Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew (ZO) has been traditionally used for the treatment of hepatic diseases in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism underlying hepatoprotective effect of ZO. Hepatoprotective potential of root extracts (crude methanolic extract and subsequent fractions) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice via determination of serum biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase), lipid peroxidation and histopathology. Membrane stabilizing activity was determined via inhibition of hypotonic solution and heat-induced hemolysis. Crude methanolic extract and chloroform fraction ameliorated CCl4 induced elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins (TP), total bilirubin (TB) and reversed the antioxidants imbalance in terms of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Crude methanol extract inhibited hemolysis induced by hypotonic solution and heat. Histopathological examination of liver specimens of extracts administered mice exhibited recovery from CCl4 induced pathological changes. Moreover, CCl4 induced alteration in body and liver weight was countered by the administration of ZO. Compounds betulinic acid (AZO1), ceanothic acid (AZO2) and zizybrenalic acid (AZO3) were isolated from chloroform fraction of the plant. The structures of compounds were deduced using 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The results show that Ziziphus oxyphylla roots extract possess antihepatotoxic activity mediated by the protection of anti-oxidant defense system and membrane-stabilizing activity, probably due to the presence of pentacyclic triterpenes

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Moreno-Pedraza, Abigail, Laura Valdés-Santiago, Laura Josefina Hernández-Valadez, Alicia Rodríguez-Sixtos Higuera, Robert Winkler, and Dora Linda Guzmán-de Peña. "Reduction of aflatoxin B1 during tortilla production and identification of degradation by-products by direct-injection electrospray mass spectrometry." Salud Pública de México 57, no. 1 (2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v57i1.7402.

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Objective. To determine the effect of pH, and exposure time over the inactivation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) during the tortilla making process as well as the degradative molecules generated. Materials and methods. Inactivation of AFB1 in maize-dough with alkaline pH and in alkaline methanolic solutions was determined by HPLC. Kinetics of time exposure of AFB1 in methanolic solution and the degradative products were analyzed by direct injection electrospray mass spectometry (DIESI-MS). Results. The alkaline pH of the maize-dough after nixtamalización between 10.2, and 30-40 minutes of resting at room temperature allows the 100% reduction of AFB1. DIESI-MS analysis of the extracts indicated the presence of two degradation molecules from AFB1.Conclusion. The alkaline pH of maize-dough and resting time are the principal factors involved in diminishing AFB1 levels in tortillas. A procedure to the tortilla making process is proposed, which allows the reduction of remnant AFB1, avoiding the accumulative effect over consumers.

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Maerten, Stephanie, Chiraphat Kumpidet, Dorothea Voß, Anna Bukowski, Peter Wasserscheid, and Jakob Albert. "Glucose oxidation to formic acid and methyl formate in perfect selectivity." Green Chemistry 22, no. 13 (2020): 4311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc01169j.

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We report the highly remarkable discovery that glucose oxidation catalysed by polyoxometalates in methanolic solution enables formation of formic acid and methyl formate in close to 100% combined selectivity, thus with only negligible sugar oxidation to CO2.

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Schuster, David I., and Angelo C. Brisimitzakis. "Photochemistry of ketones in solution. 80. Irradiation of 3,4-dimethyl-4-(trichloromethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadienone in methanolic solutions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 16 (1987): 3644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00392a027.

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El Alami El Hassani, Safae, Anas Driouich, Hamid Mellouk, Bouchra Bejjany, Adil Dani, and Khalid Digua. "Extraction of phenolic from Moroccan grape pomace: Optimization of decoction extraction of phenolic compounds using response surface methodology." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 6 (2018): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc76198121610hm.

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The present study focuses on the optimization of the parameters to extract phenolic products by decoction and the quantification of these compounds from grape pomace, using a central experimental design. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from grape skin grown in Morocco was evaluated. The grapes variety is “Michael Paleiri”, it is a black variety with pips, and they are from the region of Benslimane. The total phenolic compounds contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The optimization suggested that extraction with methanol for 29 min, at 60°C were the best solutions for this combination of variables.The largest amount obtained was 1042.06 mg EGA/g DW. The antioxidant activity is carried out by the radical scavenging method 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH°) and the ferric iron reduction capacity (FRAP). The DDPH inhibition capacity reached 20.78%, compared with 15.22% of a BHT solution at 0.001 g/L. A significant relationship between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content is evident (R2=0.994). These results demonstrate that methanol extracts from the waste from grapes grown in Morocco could be used as potential sources of natural extracts rich in phenolic compounds and endowed with significant antioxidant activity.

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Hernández-Fernández, Adrián, Yolanda Garrido, Eduardo Iniesta-López, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos, Joaquín Quesada-Medina, and Francisco José Hernández-Fernández. "Recovering Polyphenols in Aqueous Solutions from Olive Mill Wastewater and Olive Leaf for Biological Applications." Processes 11, no. 9 (2023): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11092668.

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Olive leaf and olive mill wastewater are wastes which are produced in olive industry and can be used to obtain value-added products such as polyphenols. In this work, extracts of polyphenols from olive mill wastewater and olive leaf in an aqueous medium are obtained and their composition in polyphenols were determined and compared with those obtained using the conventional extract agent (methanol–water). The antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extracts of olive mill wastewater and olive leaf were also analysed. It was observed that the olive mill wastewater extracted in water provides a similar content of phenolic compounds in the final extract compared to extraction with methanol–water, with the main polyphenols being hydrotyrosol and tyrosol (20.1 and 6.61 mg gdw−1). In the case of leaf extraction, the methanol-free extract (recovery in water after extraction with methanol–water) had a lower total phenol content compared to the methanolic extract, with the main polyphenol being oleuropein (22.73 and 9.05 mg gdw−1, for the methanol and methanol-free extract, respectively). However, both extracts obtained in aqueous solution present a similar antioxidant capacity at very diluted concentrations of the original extract, with IC50 values (half-maximal antioxidant concentration) of about 20 mg TS L−1. The antioxidant capacity of the extract in aqueous solution facilitates its application as an antioxidant in biological systems, like animal food, where the use of extracts based on organic solvents, like methanol, are not suitable.

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