Academic literature on the topic 'Method of cells (MOC)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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Li, Jin, Yunlin Xu, Dean Wang, Qicang Shen, Brendan Kochunas, and Thomas Downar. "DEMONSTRATION OF A LINEAR PROLONGATION CMFD METHOD ON MOC." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124703006.
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Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) method is a very effective method to accelerate the iterations for neutron transport calculation. But it can degrade and even fail when the optical thickness of the mesh becomes large. Therefore several methods, including partial current-based CMFD (pCMFD) and optimally diffusive CMFD (odCMFD), have been proposed to stabilize the conventional CMFD method. Recently, a category of “higherorder” prolongation CMFD (hpCMFD) methods was proposed to use both the local and neighboring coarse mesh fluxes to update the fine cell flux, which can solve the fine cell scalar flux discontinuity problem between the fine cells at the bounary of the coarse mesh. One of the hpCMFD methods, refered as lpCMFD, was proposed to use a linear prolongation to update the fine cell scalar fluxes. Method of Characteristics (MOC) is a very popular method to solve neutron transport equations. In this paper, lpCMFD is applied on the MOC code MPACT for a variety of fine meshes. A track-based centroids calculation method is introduced to find the centroids coordinates for random shapes of fine cells. And the numerical results of a 2D C5G7 problem are provided to demonstrate the stability and efficiency of lpCMFD method on MOC. It shows that lpCMFD can stabilize the CMFD iterations in MOC method effectively and lpCMFD method performs better than odCMFD on reducing the outer MOC iterations.
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Ahmadi, Kaveh, and Russell T. Johns. "Multiple-Mixing-Cell Method for MMP Calculations." SPE Journal 16, no. 04 (2011): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/116823-pa.
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Summary The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a key parameter governing the displacement efficiency of gasfloods. There are several methods to determine the MMP, but the most accurate methods are slim-tube experiments, analytical methods, and numerical-simulation/cell-to-cell methods. Slim-tube experiments are important to perform because they use actual crude oil, but they are costly and time consuming. Analytical methods that use the method of characteristics (MOC) are very fast and help to understand the structure of gasfloods. MOC, however, relies on finding the unique and correct set of key tie lines in the displacements, which can be difficult. Slim-tube simulation methods and their simplified cell-to-cell derivatives require tedious fluid and rock inputs, and their MMP estimates can be clouded by dispersion. This paper presents a simple and accurate multiple-mixing-cell method for MMP calculations that corrects for dispersion, and is faster and less cumbersome than 1D simulation methods. Unlike previous mixing-cell methods, our cell-to-cell mixing model uses a variable number of cells, and is independent of gas/oil ratio, volume of the cells, excess oil volumes, and the amount of gas injected. The new method only relies on robust P/T flash calculations using any cubic equation-of-state (EOS). The calculations begin with only two cells and perform additional cell-to-cell contacts between resulting equilibrium-phase compositions based on equilibrium gas moving ahead of the equilibrium liquid phase. We show for a variety of oil and gas compositions that all key tie lines can be found to the desired accuracy, and that they are nearly identical to those found using analytical MOC methods. Our approach, however, is more accurate and robust than those from MOC because we do not make approximations regarding shocks along nontie-line paths, and the unique set of key tie lines converges automatically. The MMP using our mixing-cell method can be calculated in minutes using an Excel spreadsheet and is estimated from a novel bisection method of the minimum tie-line lengths observed in the cells at four or five pressures. Our multiple-mixing-cell method can calculate either the MMP or the minimum miscibility for enrichment (MME) independent of the number of components in the gas or oil. Our approach further supports the notion that the MMP is independent of fractional flow because we obtain the same key tie lines independent of how much fluid is moved from one cell to another.
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Speirs, V., S. Eich-Bender, C. R. Youngson, and E. Cutz. "Localization of MOC-1 cell surface antigen in small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines: an immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic study." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 9 (1993): 1303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.9.8394853.
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Expression of cell surface antigens of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) class was recently shown to be shared by both fetal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells, including those of the lung. We investigated the expression and localization of MOC-1 antigen on small-cell (neuroendocrine) lung carcinoma cell lines with immunohistochemical methods at the light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) level and by Western blot. At LM level, using monoclonal antibody (MAb) MOC-1 with the ABC method and immunofluorescence, positive staining was observed on surfaces of cells from all tumor lines examined. Strongest immunostaining was found on cell surfaces of pulmonary small-cell carcinoma-derived cell line NCI-H69 with the majority of cells showing positive staining. An adherent variant of NCI-H69 cell line, H69V, exhibited positive staining in about 60% of cells, whereas only occasional cells of NCI-H727 cell line derived from pulmonary carcinoid tumor were positive for MOC-1 antigen. Western blot analysis confirmed these findings, showing a strong MOC-1-specific band in cell extracts of NCI-H69, with weaker band densities for H69V and NCI-H727. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) revealed that MOC-1 was not uniformly distributed on the outer surface of plasma membrane; immunogold particles appeared concentrated in areas of thick cell surface "fuzz" coating, surface microvilli, and in areas of cell-cell contact. In some cells, areas of plasma membrane invaginations and a few intracytoplasmic vesicles were also labeled, suggesting endocytosis. Surface labeling for SEM confirmed the finding of more dense labeling over the microvilli, cell membrane folds, and in areas of cell-cell contact. The cell lines derived from pulmonary neuroendocrine cell tumors can provide a useful model to study the role and function of neural adhesion molecules in pulmonary neoplasia and during lung development.
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Busek, M., M. Nötzel, C. Polk, and F. Sonntag. "Characterization and simulation of peristaltic micropumps." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 2, no. 2 (2013): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-165-2013.
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Abstract. The aim of the work is to find an analytical model of a pneumatic micropump which was integrated into a cell-culture system. This allows the estimation of peak velocities and wall-shear stress influencing the cultured cells in our multi-organ-chip (MOC) with respect to the applied pressure and the geometric properties of the pump. By adjusting those parameters, one can imitate physiological or pathological heart activity. The calculated flow within the MOC was compared to experimental results obtained via the non-invasive micro-PIV method.
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Yoon, S., R. Choi, S. Cho, et al. "OS10.6.A What is the initial cell in the subventricular zone for human glioblastoma genesis?" Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_2 (2022): ii22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac174.069.
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Abstract Background We all have a fundamental question about why glioblastoma (GBM) develops. In order to find the answer to this fundamental question, if you find out what the first cell is, you will get closer to the answer. GBM arises from the subventricular zone (SVZ). GBM is one of the most devastating tumour of human brain as the most optimal treatment barely prolongs the survival, and it does not cure the disease. As the majority of GBM tissues show copy number variations (CNV) of co-altered chromosomal 7 gain and 10 loss, we hypothesized the origin cell (Oc) of SVZ may be traced back with these markers. The cellular identity of the Oc is still unknown and it is different from the tumour-derived progenitor-like cells. We aimed to define these cells from the SVZ that have a potential to get activated into GBM. Material and Methods We compared bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data of IDHwt GBM tumor tissue (n=122), tumor free SVZ from GBM patients (n=40), tumor-free control SVZ of non-glial tumor (n=9). Pared single nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq) or single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) samples of tumor free SVZ (n=11) and GBM tumor (n=8), were done to see cell specific CNVs. We developed genetically engineered mouse models for GBM genesis introducing three driver mutations (TP53, PTEN, and EGFRviii) into SVZ to isolate mouse Oc (mOc) and mouse cancer cells (mCc). The biological characteristics of separated mOc and mCc were compared. Bulk RNAseq and scRNAseq were performed on these cells (mOc, mCc), and their cellular state was compared with the human gene set. Results In this work, we found two types of the Oc in the RNA sequencing of 60 human tumour free-SVZ samples. Furthermore, single-cell level analysis revealed that two Oc types in SVZ harbor ongoing patterns of CNV co-alterations from Oc1 to Oc2, and finally to GBM. The Oc1 type cells contained the CNV signature of Oc2 ancestor with neural progenitor cell (NPC) signature. Oc2 type cells expressed a high level of EGFR than other cells with astrocyte-like cell signature. Both of these cells expressed oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-like signatures in the SVZ. We validated the human-based findings by using the P53/PTEN/EGFR-mutant mouse model with EGFR/tdTomato overexpression and P53/PTEN knockout in the SVZ cells. As a result, non-tumourigenic and highly motile Oc-like cell-states are found in the mouse models, supporting the firework-like migration pattern from the SVZ. Conclusion Our results demonstrate how members of Oc preoccupy the SVZ, known as the stem cell niche and give rise to the tumour. We anticipate that a new therapy may emerge by targeting the Oc in the SVZ.
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van Rooijen, W. F. G., and G. Chiba. "Diffusion coefficients for LMFBR cells calculated with MOC and Monte Carlo methods." Annals of Nuclear Energy 38, no. 1 (2011): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2010.08.004.
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Nguyen Thi, Phuong, Thu Le Van, Lang Ngo Van, Tue Nguyen Trong та Quan Duong Hong. "Đặc điểm một số chỉ số tế bào máu ngoại vi và Ferritin huyết thanh ở người bệnh Thalassemia sau điều trị thải sắt bằng Deferiprone tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Mộc Châu năm 2023". Journal of Health and Development Studies 08, № 02 (2024): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0802skpt23-077.
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Objective: Evaluate changes in some peripheral blood cell indices and serum Ferritin in Thalassemia patients after iron chelation treatment with Deferiprone at Moc Chau general Hospital in 2023; Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. 44 patients with Thalassemia treated at Moc Chau general Hospital in 2023; Results: The average age of disease was 11 ± 12.05 years old. The rate of carrying genes for β-Thalassemia and α-Thalassemia was 97.73% and 2.27%, respectively. The Thai ethnic group had the highest rate of disease (70.45%), followed by Muong (20.45%), Xinh mun (4.55) and Dao (4.55%). The patients had moderate anemia with small and hypochromic red blood cells. After 5 days of treatment with Deferiprone, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW-CV% indices increased, however it returned to its original state after 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, after 5 days and 3 months of treatment with Deferiprone, WBC, MON, and PLT indices were within normal limits; NEUT slightly decreased; and LYM increased. In particularly, compared to the time of admission (1365.5±243.6 ng/ml), after 5 days of treatment with Deferiprone, serum Ferritin slightly increased (1373.5±236.3 ng/ml) and after 3 months decreased (1281.5±229.03 ng/ml); Conclusion: The patients of Thalassemia have a moderate response to Deferiprone. Keywords: Thalassemia, Ferritin, Peripheral blood cells, Moc Chau, Deferiprone.
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Zhang, Kaiyi, Bahareh Nojabaei, Kaveh Ahmadi, and Russell T. Johns. "Effect of Gas/Oil Capillary Pressure on Minimum Miscibility Pressure for Tight Reservoirs." SPE Journal 25, no. 02 (2019): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199354-pa.
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Summary Shale and tight reservoir rocks have pore throats on the order of nanometers, and, subsequently, a large capillary pressure. When the permeability is ultralow (k < 200 nd), as in many shale reservoirs, diffusion might dominate over advection, so that the gas injection might no longer be controlled by the multicontact minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). For gasfloods in tight reservoirs, where k > 200 nd and capillary pressure is still large, however, advection likely dominates over diffusive transport, so that the MMP once again becomes important. This paper focuses on the latter case to demonstrate that the capillary pressure, which has an impact on the fluid pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) behavior, can also alter the MMP. The results show that the calculation of the MMP for reservoirs with nanopores is affected by the gas/oil capillary pressure, owing to alteration of the key tie lines in the displacement; however, the change in the MMP is not significant. The MMP is calculated using three methods: the method of characteristics (MOC); multiple mixing cells; and slimtube simulations. The MOC method relies on solving hyperbolic equations, so the gas/oil capillary pressure is assumed to be constant along all tie lines (saturation variations are not accounted for). Thus, the MOC method is not accurate away from the MMP but becomes accurate as the MMP is approached when one of the key tie lines first intersects a critical point (where the capillary pressure then becomes zero, making saturation variations immaterial there). Even though the capillary pressure is zero for this key tie line, its phase compositions (and, hence, the MMP) are impacted by the alteration of all other key tie lines in the composition space by the gas/oil capillary pressure. The reason for the change in the MMP is illustrated graphically for quaternary systems, in which the MMP values from the three methods agree well. The 1D simulations (typically slimtube simulations) show an agreement with these calculations as well. We also demonstrate the impact of capillary pressure on CO2-MMP for real reservoir fluids. The effect of large gas/oil capillary pressure on the characteristics of immiscible displacements, which occur at pressures well below the MMP, is discussed.
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Sanchez-Petitto, Gabriela, Maria Calbacho, Agata Wieczorkiewicz-Kabut, et al. "MO-TRANS: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Phase III Study of Mocravimod (MOC) As Adjunctive and Maintenance Treatment in AML Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 4952.1. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-203080.
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Introduction: In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), relapse is one of the major causes of mortality, morbidity, and quality of life impairment. There is an unmet medical need for novel therapies to mitigate this risk. Mocravimod (MOC), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, down regulates the S1PR1 on T-cells and other lymphocytes. This ligand-induced internalization of the S1PR1 renders these cells unresponsive to S1P and deprives them of an obligatory signal to egress from lymphoid organs and thus has been demonstrated to have a dual effect: efficiently sequestering alloreactive donor T-cells within lymphoid organs enabling the eradication of malignant cells through the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, and restricting T-cell egress to peripheral tissue preventing graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). S1PR modulation does not interfere with T-cell function, including cytotoxicity, thereby maintaining the anti-leukemia response. The mode of action of mocravimod therefore suggests the decoupling of GvHD from GvL resulting in prevention of GvHD while preserving GvL. Clinical proof of concept was demonstrated by a phase Ib study1. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MOC as maintenance treatment in the post-HCT setting in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Study Design and Methods: A placebo- controlled design has been chosen for this study to prospectively assess the magnitude of changes in the efficacy and safety that may occur. In this multicenter, global phase III study, 249 participants will be randomized 1:1:1 to receive either MOC 1 mg, MOC 3 mg or placebo, given orally once a day on top of standard of care. Patients are stratified by remission status (complete remission: CR1 vs CR2), the presence of measurable residual disease (MRD positive vs MRD negative), and the type of GvHD prophylaxis used (tacrolimus (TAC) vs cyclosporin A (CsA) based). Adult patients (18-75 years of age) with intermediate or adverse AML based on the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) classification, who are in CR1 or with any risk in CR2, will be included. Participants will undergo allogeneic HCT using peripheral blood stem cells from related or unrelated donors with no more than 1 antigen mismatch or alternatively haploidentical donors. Subjects will receive any conditioning regimen with a transplant conditioning intensity (TCI) score2 of ≥1.5. GvHD prophylaxis must be based on TAC or CsA and may include any additional medication except for anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, and abatacept. The use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide is allowed. Treatment with MOC will start 2 days prior to the conditioning treatment and continue in 28-day cycles, for 12 cycles or until relapse, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. The primary endpoint is relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary objectives include overall survival (OS) and occurrence of GvHD. The study is currently open and actively enrolling in the following countries: USA, Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the UK. As of July 29, 2024, 88 patients have been randomized. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05429632. References: 1 Dertschnig S et al., Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (2023), 29: 41.e1-41e9; 2 Spyridonidis A et al., Bone Marrow Transplantation (2020), 55: 1114-1125
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Mardiana, Ummy, Christophe Innocent, Marc Cretin, and Buchari Buchari. "A New Method of Bio-Catalytic Surface Modification for Microbial Desalination Cell." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (2021): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34235.
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A microbial desalination cell (MDC) built on a modified surface has been studied for seawater desalination. The goal of this study is to provide and develop a seawater desalination system that does not require energy support by applying a modification of the anode as an electron acceptor. The different potential charges that occur between anode and cathode can serve as the driving force for electrodialysis of seawater, resulting in its desalination. Yeast has been applied as a biocatalyst and neutral red has been chosen as a redox mediator to facilitate the electron transport originating from the bioactivity of cells. Several types of surface modification have been conducted, i.e., biocatalyst-mediator immobilisation and electropolymerisation of neutral red at the anode surface. The optimisation of each device has been characterised by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It has also been observed in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), prior to being functioned in the MDC. The concentrations of salt ion migration have been determined by ion exchange chromatography. This study found that the best configuration of a modified surface was obtained from carbon felt coated by polyneutral red film (CF/PNR); this generated the maximum value of all tested parameters: 42.2% of current efficiency; 27.11% of bio-devices efficiency; 92.5 mA m-2 of current density; and 61% of NaCl transport. Moreover, the modified surface could be a promising method for improving anode performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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Liu, Jing. "Reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells using an efficient feeder-free, non-integration method to generate iPS cells and the effect of immunophenotype and epigenetic state on HSPC fate." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10031.
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Background and objectives: In 2006 Shinya Yamanaka successfully reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts back to an embryonic stem cell-like state (called induced pluripotent cells, iPS cells) using retrovirus to introduce four genes that encode critical transcription factor proteins (Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, and c-Myc). This ability to reprogram has promising future applications in clinical and biomedical research for study of diseases, development of candidate drugs and to support therapeutic treatments in regenerative medicine. However, the clinical applications have to meet GMP requirements without the risk of insertional mutagenesis associated with retrovirus. Chromatin modifying agents are widely used in many protocols to generate iPS cells and culture of blood CD34+ cells with chromatin-modifying agents can lead to an increase in marrow repopulating cells and in the case of valproic acid increased erythroid cell colony formation. We undertook research to help understand what effects these reagents have on mobilised peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells and optimised the expansion medium protocol to facilitate reprogramming work. This project aims to utilize peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), one of the most easily accessible tissues to generate iPS cells using an efficient non-viral, feeder cell free methodology, with the ultimate goal of moving this methodology towards clinical use. Materials and Methods: G-CSF mobilised peripheral blood, buffy coat, cord blood and fetal liver were obtained from patients and donors under informed consent and ethics committee approval. Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells CD34+ or CD133+) isolated by magnetic separation were flow cytometry sorted into CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/CD133-, and CD34-/CD133+ sub-populations and their lineage potential were assessed in colony forming unit assays. The effect of epigenetic modifiers valproic acid and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine used singly or in combination with each other and with IL3 on phenotype and lineage potential of cultured CD34+ cells from mobilised peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit assays. Prior to reprogramming mononuclear cells from peripheral blood or CD34+ cells from blood were expanded in culture medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and Interleukin- 3 (IL-3) for several days. Actively proliferating cells were reprogrammed by electroporation using episomal vectors with an oriP/EBNA-1 backbone to deliver five reprogramming genes, Oct4, Sox2, Lin28, L-Myc, and Klf4. Electroporated cells were seeded onto matrigel coated plates immediately after transfection or were reseeded after three days’ culture. Subsequently, cells were cultured in specific medium on different days. When iPS colonies appeared, they were picked and cultured as for ES cells. Once established, iPS cell lines were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and their potential to differentiate into the three germ layers was assessed in vitro. Results and Conclusion: The largest subpopulation of CD34+ cells was CD34+/CD133+ population which was essentially committed to myeloid colony production, while much smaller CD34+/CD133- subpopulation had a greater capacity to generate erythroid colonies. Optimised cytokine cocktail for expansion of CD34+ cells included IL-3, important in improving expansion and maintaining functionality of CD34+ cells. The optimised cytokine cocktail comprised 100 ng/ml SCF, 10 ng/ml Flt3L, and 20 ng/ml IL-3, which maintained CD34+ cells and MNC in an active proliferating state. In addition, valproic acid and IL3 were found to act synergistically, to increase the numbers of CD34+/CD36+ positive cells. However, we found that an apparent increase in red cell colony formation actually resulted from a decrease in white cell colonies, so no overall increase in red cell colonies was seen when equivalent numbers of CD34+ cells were plated. Proliferating MNC maintained in optimised cytokine cocktail were amenable to electroporation for the effective delivery of episomal transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, L-Myc, and Lin28) within a backbone of oriP/EBNA-1. We successfully developed an efficient and simple method for reprogramming MNC from fresh or frozen samples to generate induced pluripotent cells using episomal vectors in a feeder-free system without any requirement for small molecules and the highest reprogramming efficiency is 0.033% (65 colonies from 2 ◊ 105 seeding MNC). The cytokine cocktail and reprogramming methods work better in CD34+ cells from cord blood or fetal liver, and we obtained 148 iPS colonies from 105 seeding cells (0.148%) at most. In addition, fibroblasts from adult and fetal liver can be successfully reprogrammed using the same reprogramming method. The use of episomal vectors with an oriP/EBNA-1 backbone to deliver reprogramming genes, and efficient electroporation were the most important factors in efficiency of the reprogramming process. In addition, it is pivotal to initiate transfection when cells are actively proliferating. The iPS cell lines we generated maintained the successful expression of ES markers including Oct4, Nanog, SSEA3. SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and had the capacity to successfully differentiate into cell types of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm layers in vitro.
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Ono, Tetsuo. "Novel preservation method of germ cells and somatic cells." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120542.
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Oliveira, Francisco Gilberto. "Aspectos anat?micos do olho e neuroqu?micos da retina do moc? (Kerodon rupestris)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17231.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-24<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>The visual system is an important link between the animal and the environment, com profound influences on the habits and lifestyle in various habitats. Adaptive mechanismsto the temporal niche are present in the visual system of many vertebrates, involving changins in ocular dimensios and design, retinal cell distribution and organization of neurochemical circuits related to the retinal resolution or sensitivity. The sensory system of the eye is represented by the retina, whose organization is responsible by receipty, initial analysis, and transmission of the information to the brain. The knowledge of the position of the eyes in the head and the distribution of retinal cells allow to identify adaptive aspects of each species to its visual field, which is characteristic to the ecological niche it occupies. In this research, we study eye anatomical characteristics and retina neurochemical features of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a tipical Brazilian rodent from the suborder Hystricomorpha, family Caviidae. The rock cavy has lateral eyes well constitute bony orbit and well differentiated extrinsic muscle. The study of the descriptive and morphometric anatomy of the showed mean values of axial diameter 10.7?0,5mm and equatorial diameter 11.6?0.7mm. The pupil is slit shaped and the lens has mean axial diameter 5.4?0.03 mm, corresponding to ~45% of the axial diameter of the eye. The posterior nodal distance and the retinal magnification factor were estimated at 6.74 mm e 118 μm/grau, respectively. Flat mounts were processed for Nissl stain, and the topographic distribution of ganglion cells showed a moderate visual band, just below the optic disc, with higher density in the ventral retina. Retinal vertical sections and flat mounts were processed for immunohistochemistry to visualize tyrosine hydroxilase (TH) and thus two types of TH+ cells were detected. Type 1 cells had strong TH-immunoreactivity, the body cell varied from 120.047 to 269.373 μm2 stratifying in the sublamina 1 of the IPL. Type 2 cells were weakly TH-imunoreactive, had cell body located mostly in the IPL, varying from 54.848 to 177.142 μm2, constituting ~10% of the TH+ cells. Both cell types exhibited similar topographic distribution with higher density found in a horizontal band along of the naso-temporal axis in the dorsal retina. The total population of dopaminergic cells was 2,156?469,4 cells, occupying an average area of 198,164 μm2. The presence of cones and rods was detected by immunohistochemistry in vertical sections and flat mounts. S cones density is around 10 times smaller than L cones, with different degree of spatial organization. Other retinal neuronal populations of the rock cavy were also detected in vertical sections with specific markers. Comparative analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the rock cavy eye
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suggest that it was designed to acquire higher sensitivity to light, at expense of image sharpness, compatible with a vision at mesopic conditions. Additionally, the distribution of the 2 subtypes of dopaminergic cells in a naso-temporal band in the dorsal retina seems suitable to a gain in sensitivity, coherent with an animal with predominantly crepuscular activity pattern<br>O sistema visual representa um importante elo entre o animal e o ambiente, com profundas influ?ncias sobre os h?bitos e estilo de vida nos mais diversos habitats. Mecanismos adaptativos ao nicho temporal est?o presentes no sistema visual de muitos vertebrados, envolvendo modifica??es nas dimens?es e desenho ocular, distribui??o de c?lulas retinianas, e organiza??o dos circuitos neuroqu?micos relacionados com a resolu??o ou sensibilidade retiniana. O sistema sensorial do olho ? representado pela retina, cuja organiza??o ? respons?vel pela recep??o, an?lise inicial, e transmiss?o da informa??o para o c?rebro. O conhecimento da posi??o dos olhos na cabe?a e a distribui??o das c?lulas retinianas permitem identificar aspectos adaptativos de cada esp?cie ao seu campo visual, o qual ? caracter?stico ao nicho ecol?gico que ocupa. Nesta pesquisa, estudamos caracter?sticas anat?micas do olho e neuroqu?micos da retina do moc? (Kerodon rupestris), roedor tipicamente brasileiro da subordem Hystricomorpha, fam?lia Caviidae. O moc? tem olhos laterais, ?rbita ?ssea bem constitu?da e musculatura extr?nseca bem diferenciada. O estudo da anatomia descritiva e morfom?trica do olho mostrou valores m?dios de di?metro axial 10.7?0,5mm e di?metro equatorial de 11.6?0.7mm. Possui pupila em fenda e cristalino com di?metro axial m?dio de 5.4?0.03 mm, correspondendo a ~45% do di?metro axial do olho. A dist?ncia nodal posterior e o fator de magnifica??o retiniana foram estimados como sendo 6.74 mm e 118 μm/grau, respectivamente. Montagens planas foram processadas para marca??o de Nissl, e a distribui??o topogr?fica de c?lulas ganglionares mostrou uma moderada faixa visual pouco abaixo do disco ?ptico, com maior densidade na retina ventral. Sec??es verticais e montagens planas da retina foram processadas por imunohistoqu?mica para visualiza??o de tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e dois tipos de c?lulas TH+ foram detectados. As c?lulas do tipo I, apresentaram forte imunorreatividade a TH, corpo celular variando de 120,047 a 269,373 μm2 com estratifica??o na subl?mina 1 da IPL. As c?lulas do tipo II apresentaram fraca imunorreatividade a TH, corpos celulares localizados principalmente na IPL variando de 54,848 a 177,142 μm2, constituindo ~10% das c?lulas TH+. Os dois tipos celulares apresentaram uma similar distribui??o topogr?fica com maior densidade localizada em uma faixa horizontal ao longo do eixo naso-temporal na por??o superior da retina. A popula??o total de c?lulas dopamin?rgicas estimada foi em m?dia 2.156?469.4 c?lulas, com uma ?rea m?dia de 198.164 μm2. A presen?a de cones e bastonetes foi detectada por imunohistoqu?mica tanto em sec??es verticais quanto em montagens planas. Os cones S t?m
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uma densidade aproximadamente 10 vezes menor dos que os cones L, com diferentes graus de organiza??o espacial. Outras popula??es neuronais da retina do moc? tamb?m foram detectadas em sec??es verticais com marcadores espec?ficos. An?lise comparativa das caracter?sticas anat?micas do olho do moc? sugere que o mesmo foi projetado para adquirir maior sensibilidade ? luz, em detrimento da nitidez da imagem, compat?vel com uma vis?o em condi??es mes?picas. Adicionalmente, a distribui??o dos 2 subtipos de c?lulas dopamin?rgicas em uma faixa naso-temporal na retina superior parece adequada para um ganho em sensibilidade, coerente com as caracter?sticas de um animal com padr?o de atividade predominantemente crepuscular
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Graziano, Laurent. "An axial polynomial expansion and acceleration of the characteristics method for the solution of the Neutron Transport Equation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS389/document.
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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est le développement d'une approximation polynomiale axiale dans un solveur basé sur la Méthode des Caractéristiques. Le contexte, est celui de la solution stationnaire de l'équation de transport des neutrons pour des systèmes critiques, et l'implémentation pratique a été réalisée dans le solveur "Two/three Dimensional Transport" (TDT), faisant partie du projet APOLLO3®. Un solveur MOC pour des géométries en trois dimensions a été implémenté dans ce code pendant un projet de thèse antécédent, se basant sur une approximation constante par morceaux du flux et des sources des neutrons. Les développements présentés dans la suite représentent la continuation naturelle de ce travail. Les solveurs MOC en trois dimensions sont capables de produire des résultats précis pour des géométries complexes. Bien que précis, le coût computationnel associé à ce type de solveur est très important. Une représentation polynomiale en direction axiale du flux angulaire des neutrons a été utilisée pour réduire ce coût computationnel.Le travail réalisé pendant cette thèse peut être considéré comme divisé en trois parties: transport, accélération et autres. La première partie est constituée par l'implémentation de l'approximation polynomiale choisie dans les équations de transmission et de bilan typiques de la Méthode des Caractéristiques. Cette partie a aussi été caractérisée par le calcul d'une série de coefficients numériques qui se sont révélés nécessaires afin d'obtenir un algorithme stable. Pendant la deuxième partie, on a modifié et implémenté la solution des équations de la méthode d'accélération DPN. Cette méthode était déjà utilisée pour l'accélération et des itérations internes et externes dans TDT pour les solveurs deux et trois dimensionnels avec l'approximation des flux plat, quand ce travail a commencé. L'introduction d'une approximation polynomiale a demandé plusieurs développements numériques regardant la méthode d'accélération. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail on a recherché des solutions pour un mélange de différents problèmes liés aux premières deux parties. En premier lieux, on a eu à faire avec des instabilités numériques associées à une discrétisation spatiale ou angulaire pas suffisamment précise, soit pour la partie transport que pour la partie d'accélération. Ensuite, on a essayé d'utiliser différentes méthodes pour réduire l'empreinte mémoire des coefficients d'accélération. L'approche qu'on a finalement choisie se base sur une régression non-linéaire au sens des moindres carrés de la dépendance en fonction des sections efficaces typique de ces coefficients. L'approche standard consiste dans le stockage d'une série de coefficients pour chaque groupe d'énergie. La méthode de régression permet de remplacer cette information avec une série de coefficients calculés pendant la régression qui sont utilisés pour reconstruire les matrices d'accélération au cours des itérations. Cette procédure ajoute un certain coût computationnel à la méthode, mais nous pensons que la réduction de la mémoire rende ce surcoût acceptable.En conclusion, le travail réalisé a été concentré sur l'application d'une simple approximation polynomiale avec l'objectif de réduire le coût computationnel et l'empreinte mémoire associées à un solveur basée sur la Méthodes des Caractéristiques qui est utilisé pour calculer le flux neutroniques pour des géométries à trois dimensions extrudées. Même si cela ne constitue pas une amélioration radicale des performances, l'approximation d'ordre supérieur qu'on a introduit permet une réduction en termes de mémoire et de temps de calcul d'un facteur compris entre 2 et 5, selon le cas. Nous pensons que ces résultats constitueront une base fertile pour des futures améliorations<br>The purpose of this PhD is the implementation of an axial polynomial approximation in a three-dimensional Method Of Characteristics (MOC) based solver. The context of the work is the solution of the steady state Neutron Transport Equation for critical systems, and the practical implementation has been realized in the Two/three Dimensional Transport (TDT) solver, as a part of the APOLLO3® project. A three-dimensional MOC solver for 3D extruded geometries has been implemented in this code during a previous PhD project, relying on a piecewise constant approximation for the neutrons fluxes and sources. The developments presented in the following represent the natural continuation of this work. Three-dimensional neutron transport MOC solvers are able to produce accurate results for complex geometries. However accurate, the computational cost associated to this kind of solvers is very important. An axial polynomial representation of the neutron angular fluxes has been used to lighten this computational burden.The work realized during this PhD can be considered divided in three major parts: transport, acceleration and others. The first part is constituted by the implementation of the chosen polynomial approximation in the transmission and balance equations typical of the Method Of Characteristics. This part was also characterized by the computation of a set of numerical coefficients which revealed to be necessary in order to obtain a stable algorithm. During the second part, we modified and implemented the solution of the equations of the DPN synthetic acceleration. This method was already used for the acceleration of both inners and outers iteration in TDT for the two and three dimensional solvers at the beginning of this work. The introduction of a polynomial approximation required several equations manipulations and associated numerical developments. In the last part of this work we have looked for the solutions of a mixture of different issues associated to the first two parts. Firstly, we had to deal with some numerical instabilities associated to a poor numerical spatial or angular discretization, both for the transport and for the acceleration methods. Secondly, we tried different methods to reduce the memory footprint of the acceleration coefficients. The approach that we have eventually chosen relies on a non-linear least square fitting of the cross sections dependence of such coefficients. The default approach consists in storing one set of coefficients per each energy group. The fit method allows replacing this information with a set of coefficients computed during the regression procedure that are used to re-construct the acceleration matrices on-the-fly. This procedure of course adds some computational cost to the method, but we believe that the reduction in terms of memory makes it worth it.In conclusion, the work realized has focused on applying a simple polynomial approximation in order to reduce the computational cost and memory footprint associated to a Method Of Characteristics solver used to compute the neutron fluxes in three dimensional extruded geometries. Even if this does not a constitute a radical improvement, the high order approximation that we have introduced allows a reduction in terms of memory and computational times of a factor between 2 and 5, depending on the case. We think that these results will constitute a fertile base for further improvements
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Park, Jaesang. "Automatic white blood cell differentiation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074435.
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Tzavelas, Christos. "Immunoporation : a new method for transfecting human cells." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248671.
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Zhu, Lailai. "Simulation of individual cells in flow." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Stabilitet, Transition, Kontroll, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142557.
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In this thesis, simulations are performed to study the motion ofindividual cells in flow, focusing on the hydrodynamics of actively swimming cells likethe self-propelling microorganisms, and of passively advected objects like the red bloodcells. In particular, we develop numerical tools to address the locomotion ofmicroswimmers in viscoelastic fluids and complex geometries, as well as the motion ofdeformable capsules in micro-fluidic flows. For the active movement, the squirmer is used as our model microswimmer. The finiteelement method is employed to study the influence of the viscoelasticity of fluid on theperformance of locomotion. A boundary element method is implemented to study swimmingcells inside a tube. For the passive counterpart, the deformable capsule is chosen as the modelcell. An accelerated boundary integral method code is developed to solve thefluid-structure interaction, and a global spectral method is incorporated to handle theevolving cell surface and its corresponding membrane dynamics. We study the locomotion of a neutral squirmer with anemphasis on the change of swimming kinematics, energetics, and flowdisturbance from Newtonian to viscoelastic fluid. We also examine the dynamics of differentswimming gaits resulting in different patterns of polymer deformation, as well as theirinfluence on the swimming performance. We correlate the change of swimming speed withthe extensional viscosity and that of power consumption with the phase delay of viscoelasticfluids. Moreover, we utilise the boundary element method to simulate the swimming cells in astraight and torus-like bent tube, where the tube radius is a few times the cell radius. Weinvestigate the effect of tube confinement to the swimming speed and power consumption. Weanalyse the motions of squirmers with different gaits, which significantly affect thestability of the motion. Helical trajectories are produced for a neutralsquirmer swimming, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations, which can beexplained by hydrodynamic interactions alone. We perform simulations of a deformable capsule in micro-fluidic flows. We look atthe trajectory and deformation of a capsule through a channel/duct with a corner. Thevelocity of capsule displays an overshoot as passing around the corner, indicating apparentviscoelasticity induced by the interaction between the deformable membrane and viscousflow. A curved corner is found to deform the capsule less than the straight one. In addition, we propose a new cell sorting device based on the deformability of cells. Weintroduce carefully-designed geometric features into the flow to excite thehydrodynamic interactions between the cell and device. This interaction varies andclosely depends on the cell deformability, the resultant difference scatters the cellsonto different trajectories. Our high-fidelity computations show that the new strategy achievesa clear and robust separation of cells. We finally investigate the motion of capsule in awall-bounded oscillating shear flow, to understand the effect of physiological pulsation to thedeformation and lateral migration of cells. We observe the lateral migration velocity of a cellvaries non-monotonically with its deformability.<br><p>QC 20140313</p>
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Cooksey, Mark. "Method of measuring ohmic resistance in Aluminium reduction cells." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/11565.
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The objective of this work was to develop a method of directly measuring the ohmic resistance in an industrial aluminium reduction cell. This requires that the voltage due to ohmic resistance be distinguished from the voltage due to the Nernst potential and polarisation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used to directly measure ohmic resistance at the laboratory scale, but it is not suitable for an industrial aluminium reduction cell because an alternating current of the required magnitude and frequencies cannot be produced, and the system does not stay at steady state for the duration of the measurement. A measurement technique was developed based on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A single bipolar pulse is generated by two capacitors. The current and voltage are measured and transformed to the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Analysis, from which the impedance at a range of frequencies is calculated. The ohmic resistance is the impedance where the imaginary impedance is zero (i.e. where there is only a real component). Measurements were conducted on a physical electrical circuit designed to represent an industrial aluminium reduction cell. Inductance had a significant impact on the performance of the measurement technique, but the measurement parameters could be optimised such that the ohmic resistance of the circuit could be determined. Measurements were conducted on a 500 A laboratory copper electrowinning cell with geometry similar to that of an industrial aluminium reduction cell. Inductance again had a significant impact on the performance of the measurement technique, but the measurement parameters could again be optimised such that the ohmic resistance of the cell could be determined. This gives some confidence that the bipolar capacitor technique could be used to measure the ohmic resistance on an industrial aluminium reduction cell, and recommendations on how to conduct these measurements are provided.
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Bartish, Margarita. "Establishing iPSCs as a method to model neurodevelopment in Down’s syndrome." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182353.
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The derivation of pluripotent stem cells (now termed induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC) from mature somatic cells was a finding of seminal importance to fundamental cell biology. Thus established iPSC technology has been predicted to advance fields that previously relied on the ethically disputed use of embryonic stem cells. Being pluripotent (able to differentiate into every cell type present in the human body) and sharing most other characteristics with embryonic stem cells, but being much readier obtainable and their derivation free from ethical restraints, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provide access to cell types and insights into cell processes previously unattainable to researches. For this thesis, a hiPSC line was established from a skin biopsy donated by a Down’s syndrome patient. Most of what is known today about the molecular neurobiology behind this disease has been gathered from mice models or human post mortem studies, but this has a limited extrapolation potential to early human brain development in DS patients, as Down’s syndrome is an inherently human disease whose defining phenotype is established early during embryonic development. Having access to human pluripotent cells able to recapitulate the events of early neurogenesis is thus invaluable to the understanding of the mechanisms of this disorder. In parallel, work has been performed on optimizing iPSC reprogramming protocol. By exchanging one of the transcription factors used for reprogramming with a reporter gene, genomic integration of reprogramming factors has become possible to be traced visually, enabling more efficient selection of reprogrammed iPSC colonies.
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Mallem, Khadidja. "Convergence du schéma Marker-and-Cell pour les équations de Navier-Stokes incompressible." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4777/document.
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Le schéma Marker-And-Cell (MAC) est un schéma de discrétisation des équations aux dérivées partielles sur maillages cartésiens, très connu en mécanique des fluides. Nous nous intéressons ici à son analyse mathématique dans le cadre des écoulements incompressibles sur des maillages cartésiens non-uniformes en dimension 2 ou 3. Dans un premier temps nous discrétisons les équations de Navier-Stokes pour un écoulement incompressible stationnaire; nous établissons des estimations a priori sur les suites de vitesses et pressions approchées qui permettent d’une part d'établir l’existence d’une solution au schéma, et d’obtenir la compacité de ces suites lorsque le pas d’espace tend vers 0. Nous montrons alors la convergence de ces suites (à une sous-suite près) vers une solution faible du problème continu, ce qui nécessite une analyse fine du terme de convection non linéaire. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux équations de Navier-Stokes en régime instationnaire avec une discrétisation en temps implicite. Nous démontrons que le schéma préserve les propriétés de stabilité du problème continu et obtenons ainsi l’existence d’une solution au schéma. Puis, grâce à des techniques de compacité et en passant à la limite dans le schéma, nous démontrons qu’une suite de vitesses approchées converge. Si l’on se restreint au problème de Stokes, et en supposant de plus que la condition initiale de la vitesse est dans H 1 , nous obtenons une estimation sur la pression qui permet de montrer la convergence forte des pressions approchées. Enfin nous étendons l’analyse aux écoulements incompressibles à masse volumique variable. On montre la convergence du schéma<br>The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) scheme is a discretization scheme for partial derivative equations on Cartesian meshes, which is very well known in fluid mechanics. Here we are concerned with its mathematical analysis in the case of incompressible flows on two or three dimensional non-uniform Cartesian grids. We first discretize the steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We show somea priori estimates that allow to show the existence of a solution to the scheme and some compactness and consistency results. By a passage to the limit on the scheme, we show that the approximate solutions obtained with the MAC scheme converge (up to a subsequence) to a weak solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, thanks to a careful analysis of the nonlinear convection term. Then, we analyze the convergence of the unsteady-case Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm is implicit in time. We first show that the scheme preserves the stability properties of the continuous problem, which yields, the existence of a solution. Then, invoking compactness arguments and passing to the limit in the scheme, we prove that any sequence of solutions (obtained with a sequence of discretizations the space and time step of which tend to zero) converges up to the extraction of a subsequence to a weak solution of the continuous problem. If we restrict ourselves to the Stokes equations and assume that the initial velocity belongs to H 1, then we obtain estimates on the pressure and prove the convergence of the sequences of approximate pressures. Finally, we extend the analysis of the scheme to incompressible variable density flows. we show the convergence of the scheme
Books on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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M, Arnold S., and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Micromechanics analysis code with generalized method of cells (MAC/GMC): User guide, version 3.0. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.
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Konikow, Leonard F. User's guide to revised method-of-characteristics solute-transport model (MOC--version 3.1). U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The photovoltaic properties of Al In As/InP heterojunctions grown by LPE method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.
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Alias, Siti Salwa, and Ahmad Azmin Mohamad. Synthesis of Zinc Oxide by Sol–Gel Method for Photoelectrochemical Cells. Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-77-1.
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Rainis, Kenneth G. Biology science projects using the scientific method: Cell and microbe science fair projects, revised and expanded using the scientific method. Enslow Publishers, 2010.
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Arrelaine, Dameron, Reese Matthew, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), United States. Department of Energy, United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information, and Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop (2011 : Golden, Colo.), eds. Calcium based test method for evaluation of photovoltaic edge-seal materials. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.
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M, Arnold S., and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. The applicability of the generalized method of cells for analyzing discontinuously reinforced composites. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. On the finite element implementation of the generalized method of cells micromechanics constitutive model. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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1951-, Pindera M. J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Micromechanics of metal matrix composites using the generalized method of cells model (GMC) user's guide. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.
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1951-, Pindera M. J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Micromechanics of metal matrix composites using the generalized method of cells model (GMC) user's guide. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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Almåsbak, Hilde, Marianne Lundby, and Anne-Marie Rasmussen. "Non-MHC-Dependent Redirected T Cells Against Tumor Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-657-3_28.
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Burkhart, Catherine A., Michelle Haber, Murray D. Norris, Andrei V. Gudkov, and Mikhail A. Nikiforov. "Cell-Based Methods for the Identification of MYC-Inhibitory Small Molecules." In The Myc Gene. Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-429-6_18.
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Burkhart, Catherine A., Michelle Haber, Murray D. Norris, Andrei V. Gudkov, and Mikhail A. Nikiforov. "Cell-Based Methods for the Identification of Myc-Inhibitory Small Molecules." In The Myc Gene. Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1476-1_19.
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Larché, Mark. "Determining MHC Restriction of T-cell Responses." In Allergy Methods and Protocols. Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-366-0_6.
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Mescher, Matthew F., Paul Champoux, and Kevin P. Kane. "CTL Recognition of Purified MHC Antigens and Other Cell Surface Ligands." In Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods. Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6814-4_57.
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Chow, I.-Ting, and William W. Kwok. "Identification of Human Antigen-Specific CD4+ Cells with Peptide-MHC Multimer Technologies." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_13.
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Shinohara, Nobukata. "Antigen-Specific Suppression of Antibody Responses by Class II MHC-Restricted CTL." In Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods. Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6814-4_37.
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Welsh, Raymond M., Paul R. Rogers, and Randy R. Brutkiewicz. "Class I MHC Antigens and the Control of Virus Infections by NK Cells." In Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods. Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6814-4_40.
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Margulies, David H., Lisa F. Boyd, Maripat Corr, et al. "Class I MHC/Peptide/ β 2-Microglobulin Interactions:The Basis of Cytotoxic T-Cell Recognition." In Cytotoxic Cells: Recognition, Effector Function, Generation, and Methods. Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6814-4_5.
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Lindskog, Eva, Thomas Falkman, and Elke Lüllau. "Swellscreen – Rapid Baculovirus Titration Method in Microplate Format." In Cells and Culture. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3419-9_108.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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Larsen, Jan, Susanne Juhler, Ketil Bernt Sørensen, and Dorthe Skou Pedersen. "The Application of Molecular Microbiological Methods for Early Warning of MIC in Pipelines." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02029.
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Abstract Microbiological measurements performed during routine inspection in the Danish Sector of the North Sea showed that two multiphase pipelines were in risk of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) due to high numbers of troublesome methanogens and sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP). Modeling of test results (based on quantitative PCR [qPCR]) when performing a MIC risk assessment showed that the time required for pitting corrosion to start in the two pipelines was 544 days and 860 days assuming exponential growth of methanogens and SRP. Therefore, it was decided to determine whether the biofilms were active by measuring the average number of RNA molecules per cell in samples from the pipelines using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Previous work has established that this is a good measure for the activity level of microbial cells. The measurements showed that microbial cells in pipeline 1 were highly active, whereas the cells in pipeline 2 were not. Based on these results, it was decided that the risk of MIC was in the medium to high range in pipeline 1. This work illustrates a strategy for obtaining early warning of MIC based on molecular microbiological methods (MMM) used during routine system monitoring, and when to undertake remedial action.
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Croese, Elsemiek, Paul Hennessey, Herman de Vries, et al. "Oil & Gas Water Injection Treatment System Case Study: Field Trial Comparing Biocide/UV Disinfection and New Monitoring Techniques for Mitigating MIC and Reservoir Souring." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09114.
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Abstract Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is difficult to control. Therefore, biocides are often added as a preventive measure to exterminate microbial activity and thereby also mitigate MIC. Biocides have the disadvantage that they have to be added continuously and can be hazardous to employees and the environment. UV treatment provides an alternative to biocide, but the effectiveness of UV treatment compared to biocide treatment has to be proven before implementation in a specific system. The effectiveness of biocide treatment is often measured using culturing methods, however, one of the disadvantages of these methods is that the biocide is not separated from the test sample. Hence, it is influencing the biocide effectiveness test since the biocide has an extended contact time in these tests. In the light of this disadvantage, cATP can be used, however, cATP is not always related to bacterial counts. DNA technology such as QPCR is a good alternative, however, this gives an over-estimation of the surviving microorganisms since not all DNA from dead microorganisms will be destroyed. Another approach is the measurement of RNA to screen for the effectiveness of biocide treatment, however, RNA is unstable, which makes the interpretation difficult. Here we compare traditional cATP methods with DNA and RNA based methods, including viability PCR (vPCR). vPCR is a relatively new method that can distinguish viable cells from dead cells by using nucleotide based (DNA or RNA) technology in combination with a dye. In this paper we describe a case study in which we compared several available methods including vPCR for measuring the effectiveness of biocide treatment. Using the different methods we also compared the effectiveness of biocide treatment with the effectiveness of in line UV treatment.
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Haile, Tesfaalem, Trevor Place, Danielle Kiesman, Jennifer Sargent, Tamer Crosby, and John Wolodko. "Assessment of Microbially Influenced Corrosion Threats Using Molecular Microbiological Methods." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09384.
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Abstract The presence of solids with nutrients that can support the growth of microbial communities may lead to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in carbon steel pipelines. Many factors affect MIC rates, for example, biofilms in pipeline sludges can produce corrosive chemicals that can attack metals, alter local acidity, and create differential aeration and galvanic cells. This paper examined the microbial diversity of sludges obtained from four (4) different locations of a crude oil transmission system. Bacterial activity reaction tests (BARTTM) and molecular microbiological methods (MMM) were used to determine microbial numbers (cells/g of sludge). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were also performed on the sludge to identify key corrosion indicators. Furthermore, pipeline mitigation history along with the operating conditions of the pipelines were collected from the operators to better understand the corrosion mechanisms and help the operators with pipeline integrity management practices. Generally, some degree of correlation in microbial numbers between BARTs and MMM was observed for the pipeline sludges analyzed; i.e. for both test methods, the microbial numbers was higher in sample B followed by sample C. Microbial numbers were higher when MMM was used as compared to BARTs indicating the later may underestimate microbial count. In general bio-treatment reduced microbial numbers with corresponding before and after treatment values of &gt;104 cells/g and 10 cells/g for pipeline A and &gt;106 cells/g and 103 cells/g for pipeline B. When MMM was used all the sludges analyzed presented the six (6) groups of microorganisms believed to pose MIC threat, including archaea and bacteria. Hence while BARTs can be used to assess the diversity of microbial communities already known by the corrosion industry, MMM is recommended to comprehensively assess the susceptibility of pipelines to MIC, i.e. characterize sludges for bacteria, archaea and emerging microbes that may contribute to corrosion.
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Jhobalia, Chintan M., An Hu, Tingyue Gu, and Srdjan Nesic. "Biochemical Engineering Approaches to MIC." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05500.
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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major problem in the oil and gas industry. A group of bacteria known as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are most frequently the culprits. Although some new mitigation methods have started to emerge, such as adding nitrate to promote the growth of nitrate reducers that outcompete with SRB for nutrients, current mitigation methods still rely on biocides and biostats that either kill planktonic bacteria or inhibit their growth at low concentrations. A much higher concentration is needed to control established biofilms. Microorganisms are capable of developing resistances to biocides after prolonged use. Environmental and safety concerns on biocide uses are becoming more pressing. Non-biocide mitigation approaches are being sought along with enhanced biocide delivery. Biochemical engineers can bring a fresh perspective to the MIC research. By studying SRB growth conditions, important parameters that can be controlled to prevent or slow down SRB growth and biofilm buildup can be identified. The ATCC 7757 strain of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was used in this work. Laboratory experiments were carried out in 100 ml anaerobic vials and 2-L glass cells fitted with a rotating mild steel coupon and instrumentation for electrochemical analysis. Various effects on the growth and corrosion behavior of SRB were investigated including effects of medium composition, flow condition and effect of microcarriers for cell immobilization. A new solid medium that offers fast growth and requires no special hydrogen atmosphere was developed for SRB plating. It is especially suitable for quantification and analysis of sessile SRB cells.
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Alabbas, Faisal M., Anthony E. Kakpovbia, Alyaa Elramady, John R. Spear, Brajendra Mishra, and David L. Olson. "Magnetic Fields Effects on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3817.
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Abstract It has been accepted that corrosion protection systems and non-destructive inspection methods produce remnant magnetic fields (RMF) to pipeline steel. The present study investigates the influence of remnant magnetic fields inducted by these tools on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by a sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) consortium. The corrosion behavior of carbon linepipe steel exposed to different conditions having either a magnetized or nonmagnetized biotic medium, was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (Rp) and open circuit potential (OCP). The corrosion products, biofilm and pit morphology that developed with time were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results confirm substantial increases of bacteria cell attachment, biofilm mass, corrosion and pitting under magnetized biotic conditions compared to a nonmagnetized biotic system. The significant enhancement of MIC under magnetized biotic conditions has been attributed to the synergetic interaction between SRB cells and associated metabolic products with magnetic fields.
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Sørensen, Ketil Bernt, Uffe Sognstrup Thomsen, Susanne Juhler, and Jan Larsen. "Cost Efficient MIC Management System Based on Molecular Microbiological Methods." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01111.
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Abstract The tools available for microbiological surveillance of oil field systems have significantly improved during the last decade. The introduction of molecular microbiological methods (MMM) has made it possible to reliably monitor the distribution of microorganisms involved in MIC. Thus, the limiting factor in MIC surveillance is no longer the quality of the microbiological data, but the conversion of these into a reliable risk assessment. Here, we describe a model used to perform such a conversion. The model calculates a MIC risk factor as well as worst-case pitting corrosion rates. The calculations are based on numbers of MIC-causing microorganisms measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), reactions and stoichiometries for the electron flow at the metal surface, and empirically determined cell-specific reaction rates. The microorganisms included in the model are sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) and methanogens since these microbial groups are known to cause enhanced corrosion rates on steel surfaces. The application of the MIC model is demonstrated through field cases from the Danish Sector of the North Sea. The field cases show how MMM-based surveillance in combination with a suitable model for MIC risk assessment allows the Operator to take timely precautions in order to prevent production failures due to MIC.
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Thomsen, Uffe Sognstrup, Søren Kahns, and Mike Christian Oehler. "A Combination of qPCR, RT-qPCR and NGS Provides a New Tool for Analyzing MIC Risk in Pipelines." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11103.
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Abstract Sampling of pigging debris was performed from three multiphase pipelines that previously were exposed to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) due to high abundances of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) and methanogens. Sampling was also performed from a water injection pipeline to investigate differences in the microbial community. Quantification of microorganisms using qPCR analysis revealed that numbers of SRP and methanogens were in the range of 103 to 105 cells/g in the multiphase pipelines and 103 to 105 cells/ml in the water injection pipeline. The metabolic activity determined by RT-qPCR was relative low. NGS sequencing analysis detected Methanothermococcus to be most active in multiphase pipelines and Desulfohalobiaceae in the water injection pipeline as potentially hydrogen-scavenging and MIC-causing microorganisms. Further, Methanocalculus and Desulfovibrio were found in significant proportions showing that methanogens were the major MIC-causing microorganisms in multiphase pipelines and sulfate- reducing bacteria in injection water pipelines. The MIC risk was determined to be low when quantified using the pre-established company model, due to low bacterial numbers present in the samples. By combining qPCR, RT-qPCR, and NGS we were able to provide a more accurate MIC analysis, though, the application of molecular microbiological methods needs further development to improve and validate sampling procedures, methodology, and data interpretation for determining MIC factors.
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Baird, Crawford, Dora Ogles, and Brett R. Baldwin. "Molecular Microbiological Methods to Investigate Microbial Influenced Corrosion in Fully Integrated Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07278.
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Abstract MIC often contributes to corrosion in paper mills despite the seemingly inhospitable conditions for microbial growth. Molecular microbiological methods most notably quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to examine MIC at three paper mills with unique operations and construction materials. Despite raw water treatment, qPCR quantification of total bacteria and specific MIC associated microbial groups revealed growth of substantial and diverse microbial populations which had not been identified with cultivation based methods. Moreover, qPCR quantification of several microbial groups highlighted their roles in MIC. At most facilities including one experiencing corrosion of UNS S31254, iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB) were detected at high concentrations (1.00 × 108 cells/g). The actions of IOB were confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrating production of iron oxyhydroxides (e.g. hematite). Fermenting bacteria were also routinely detected. Along with direct impacts, volatile fatty acids and hydrogen produced during fermentation support growth of other anaerobic microorganisms linked to MIC. Consistent with tubercle formation and biofilm maturation, sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogens were detected in some solid phase samples. Overall, the qPCR results suggest biomass growth within the system, IOB activity and tubercle formation followed by proliferation of fermenters and eventually SRB and methanogens under the deposits.
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Harris, Jennifer Busch, Robert Webb, and Gary Jenneman. "Evaluating Corrosion Inhibitors as a Means to Control Mic in Produced Water." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10256.
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Abstract Film forming corrosion inhibitors are often selected to control CO2 corrosion and their effectiveness versus microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is desirable in systems that suffer from both forms of corrosion. Traditional corrosion inhibitor tests (e.g., bubble tests) have unfavorable conditions for microbial activity and are inadequate for evaluating MIC control. Biocide screening test methods have been used to evaluate microbial kill with toxic chemicals added batch wise, providing very little direct information about controlling corrosion. Once-through flow cells containing corrosion coupons were inoculated with a field consortium enriched in synthetic produced water to simulate MIC field activity. Maximum pitting rate on the coupons was the key performance indicator for screening inhibitors. Results indicated that many of the corrosion inhibitors tested increased the maximum MIC pitting rates when compared to untreated controls. In at least one case, a less toxic inhibitor provided better MIC control than a more toxic inhibitor. Data suggest that the field microbial consortia used in the testing developed a resistance to an incumbent inhibitor that has been used for many years. The results indicate that inhibitor selection based on MIC control is not simply a function of their ability to control bacterial growth and activity.
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Li, Yingchao, Tingyue Gu, Peiyu Zhang, Dake Xu, and Congmin Xu. "D-amino Acids Enhanced Biocide Mitigation of Field Biofilm Consortia in Lab Tests." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05522.
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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a major problem in the oil and gas industry as well as many other industries. Current treatment methods rely mostly on pigging and biocide dosing. Because field systems are not sterile, microbes always recover, leading to repeated treatment cycles. It is anticipated that the application of the same biocide will selectively promote resistant microbes. Overtime, this can lead to the biocide dosage escalating, resulting in a cost increase and environmental concerns. Previously published work demonstrated that some D-amino acids are biocide enhancers. D-amino acids are naturally occurring. They occupy a significant fraction of amino acids in processed food because of heat conversion of L-amino acids to D-amino acids. It has been postulated that D-amino acids can replace the D-alanine terminus in bacterial cell walls. Under a biocide stress, these D-amino acids can disperse recalcitrant biofilms such as the Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilm on carbon steel coupons. It is well known that planktonic cells are much easier to treat than sessile cells. Because D-amino acids are used as signal molecules, only relatively low concentrations are needed. They can reduce biocide dosage while achieving increased efficacy. The new data provided herein reveal that a mixture of D-amino acids enhanced biocide treatment of two recalcitrant biofilm consortia, thus paving the way for field trials.
Reports on the topic "Method of cells (MOC)"
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Archived), Richard Eckert (. PR-186-04301-R01 Development of a Bench Test Method for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000112.
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The objectives of the research were to: (1) Define laboratory test parameters and select equipment that can consistently produce MIC initiation, (2) Establish clear protocols for conducting the testing and performing analysis of the colonized/ corroded surfaces, (3) Communicate these protocols in a straightforward manner, (4) Establish test control standards for biotic and abiotic coupon exposure results under various flow regimes, (5) Investigate precursors to cell attachment on steel surfaces for the test conditions specified, and (6) Correlate lab test coupons with corrosion observed on coupons from actual pipeline environments. The results of this research clearly showed that in an anaerobic, non-corrosive environment, the microscopic characteristics of biotic pit initiation were discernible and repeatable. From a very simple electrochemical viewpoint, and ignoring any metabolic contributors from the bacteria themselves, microscopic anodic sites were fixed by the presence of both single cells and groups of cells. Also, after relatively short times singular biotic pit sites enlarged and merged to form larger pits. Evidence from applying comprehensive coupon analysis technology in actual pipeline environments supports the conclusion that using biotic micro-pit initiation as an indicator for MIC can improve system integrity and reduce reactive costs.
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Liang, BiYan, BiYan Liang, and Jian Wang. A Meta Analysis of the Efficacy of Tonic Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine for AIDS Immunological Nonresponses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0077.
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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tonic method in treating AIDS immunological nonresponses. Eligibility criteria: ①Study type: RCT based on tonic method in TCM for AIDS INRs. The language was limited to Chinese and English. ②The research object: HIV/AIDS patients with any disease stage; the intervention objects were adults with no gender restrictions. ③Intervention measures: The treatment group was treated with tonic prescriptions combined with ART, including four types of prescriptions for nourishing qi, nourishing blood, nourishing yin, or nourishing yang; the dosage, frequency, and method were not limited. The control group was treated with ART or mock agent and placebo. ④Outcome indicators: The observation indicators reported in the included studies should include at least one of the following indicators: 1) Effective rate of immune function reconstruction: formulated in accordance with "AIDS (Adult) Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Program" (2016 Edition) , effective: CD4 + T lymphocyte counts increased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%, invalid: CD4+ T lymphocyte counts decreased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%; total effective rate = effective number/total number; 2) CD4+T lymphocyte counts level.
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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.
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The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.
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Kennedy, Kevin D. Method of Characteristic (MOC) Nozzle Flowfield Solver - User's Guide and Input Manual. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578559.
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P. Hoven, Voravee, Kohn, Joachim, and Adisorn Poopattanapong. Immobilization of RGD Peptides on surface of Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.35.
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This research has focused on chemical immobilization of RGD-containing peptides (RGD, RGDS, GRGDS) on the surface of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates having carboxyl pendant groups, poly(DTE-co-20%DT carbonate) through a two-step reaction. The first step involved an activation of carboxyl groups by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI). The second step was a covalent attachment of RGD-containing peptides. The success of peptides. The success of peptide immobilization was determined by the ninhydrin method and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using hexamethylenediamine as a standard, the grafting density of ~8.07x10[superscript -8], 6.51x10[superscript -8], and 5.13x10[superscript -8] mol/cm[superscript 2] were estimated for the immobilization of RGD, RGDS, and GRGDS, respectively. According to XPS analysis of RGD-immobilized poly(DTE-co-20%DT carbonate) surface after labeling with heptafluorobutyryl chloride, 30 and 74% substation were calculated for the immobilization of RGDS and GRGDS, respectively. Results from in vitro cell studies demonstrated that among all studied RGD-containing peptides, GRGDS can best enhance fibroblast (B95) adhesion and proliferation on the polymer surface. Taking 100% of TCPS as a positive control, cell adhesion ratio proliferation ratio were elevated from 92 and 100% of the virgin polymer to 117 and 129% respectively, after GRGDS immobilization. Evidently, the extra glycine spacer introduces the flexibility to the peptide and thus allows the RGD part to effectively mediate its specific response to the cells.
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Parikh, Romil R., Alexander Troester, Bronwyn Southwell, et al. Treatment of Stages I–III Squamous Cell Anal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer273.
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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of initial treatment and posttreatment surveillance strategies for stages I–III squamous cell anal cancer. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 through March 2024; reference lists of systematic reviews and included studies; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) comparing strategies for chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), and surgery; modalities, doses, volumes, and fractionation schema for RT; dose de-escalation or escalation in chemoradiation (CRT); immunotherapy; and posttreatment surveillance. We evaluated risk of bias (RoB) using the RoB2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for NRSIs and strength of evidence (SOE) using Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods for prespecified outcomes (PROSPERO registration number CRD42023456886). Results. We included 33 articles from 8 RCTs (6 with low to moderate RoB and 2 with high RoB) and 20 NRSIs (all with serious to critical RoB). Compared with RT alone, doublet CRT with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) plus mitomycin C (MMC) showed lower locoregional failure rate (LRF) and greater disease-specific and colostomy-free survival (CFS) (moderate to low SOE), greater hematologic toxicity (low SOE), greater overall acute harms (moderate SOE), and no difference in late harms (low SOE). Doublet CRT with 5FU plus MMC showed lower LRF (low SOE) and greater CFS and disease-free survival (DFS) (low SOE) than CRT with 5FU, and evidence was insufficient to compare harms. Compared with CRT with 5FU plus MMC, CRT with 5FU plus cisplatin did not improve several effectiveness outcomes up to 5 years, or overall acute or late harms (moderate to low SOE), showed lower hematologic toxicity (moderate SOE), and had conflicting, insufficient evidence for CFS. Triplet CRT with paclitaxel plus capecitabine plus MMC showed greater CFS, DFS, overall survival, and overall acute harms than doublet CRT with capecitabine plus MMC (low SOE). Remaining comparisons had insufficient evidence. Patients with older age, immunocompromised status, or minoritized racial/ethnic identities were underrepresented in included studies. Conclusions. Doublet CRT is likely more effective but may have greater hematologic toxicity compared with RT alone or CRT with 5FU. Adding paclitaxel to doublet CRT may increase treatment efficacy and toxicity. Evidence is insufficient for optimal posttreatment surveillance strategies, quality of life, and other patient-reported outcomes. Future RCTs should increase inclusion of historically underrepresented patients, and future real-world evidence generation must prioritize methodological rigor.
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Neft, R. E., L. A. Tierney, and S. A. Belinsky. A method for double-labeling sputum cells for p53 and cytokeratin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381383.
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Christopher Milliken, Robert Ruhl, and Jennifer Hillman. LOW COST MULTI-LAYER FABRICATION METHOD FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837833.
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Dr. Christopher E. Milliken and Dr. Robert C. Ruhl. LOW COST MULTI-LAYER FABRICATION METHOD FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810440.
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Fukuoka, Yuko, Makoto Uchida, and Yasushi Sugawara. Preparation method of ultra low platinum loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460306.
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