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Liu, Jing. "Reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells using an efficient feeder-free, non-integration method to generate iPS cells and the effect of immunophenotype and epigenetic state on HSPC fate." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10031.
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Background and objectives: In 2006 Shinya Yamanaka successfully reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts back to an embryonic stem cell-like state (called induced pluripotent cells, iPS cells) using retrovirus to introduce four genes that encode critical transcription factor proteins (Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, and c-Myc). This ability to reprogram has promising future applications in clinical and biomedical research for study of diseases, development of candidate drugs and to support therapeutic treatments in regenerative medicine. However, the clinical applications have to meet GMP requirements without the risk of insertional mutagenesis associated with retrovirus. Chromatin modifying agents are widely used in many protocols to generate iPS cells and culture of blood CD34+ cells with chromatin-modifying agents can lead to an increase in marrow repopulating cells and in the case of valproic acid increased erythroid cell colony formation. We undertook research to help understand what effects these reagents have on mobilised peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells and optimised the expansion medium protocol to facilitate reprogramming work. This project aims to utilize peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), one of the most easily accessible tissues to generate iPS cells using an efficient non-viral, feeder cell free methodology, with the ultimate goal of moving this methodology towards clinical use. Materials and Methods: G-CSF mobilised peripheral blood, buffy coat, cord blood and fetal liver were obtained from patients and donors under informed consent and ethics committee approval. Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells CD34+ or CD133+) isolated by magnetic separation were flow cytometry sorted into CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/CD133-, and CD34-/CD133+ sub-populations and their lineage potential were assessed in colony forming unit assays. The effect of epigenetic modifiers valproic acid and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine used singly or in combination with each other and with IL3 on phenotype and lineage potential of cultured CD34+ cells from mobilised peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit assays. Prior to reprogramming mononuclear cells from peripheral blood or CD34+ cells from blood were expanded in culture medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and Interleukin- 3 (IL-3) for several days. Actively proliferating cells were reprogrammed by electroporation using episomal vectors with an oriP/EBNA-1 backbone to deliver five reprogramming genes, Oct4, Sox2, Lin28, L-Myc, and Klf4. Electroporated cells were seeded onto matrigel coated plates immediately after transfection or were reseeded after three days’ culture. Subsequently, cells were cultured in specific medium on different days. When iPS colonies appeared, they were picked and cultured as for ES cells. Once established, iPS cell lines were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and their potential to differentiate into the three germ layers was assessed in vitro. Results and Conclusion: The largest subpopulation of CD34+ cells was CD34+/CD133+ population which was essentially committed to myeloid colony production, while much smaller CD34+/CD133- subpopulation had a greater capacity to generate erythroid colonies. Optimised cytokine cocktail for expansion of CD34+ cells included IL-3, important in improving expansion and maintaining functionality of CD34+ cells. The optimised cytokine cocktail comprised 100 ng/ml SCF, 10 ng/ml Flt3L, and 20 ng/ml IL-3, which maintained CD34+ cells and MNC in an active proliferating state. In addition, valproic acid and IL3 were found to act synergistically, to increase the numbers of CD34+/CD36+ positive cells. However, we found that an apparent increase in red cell colony formation actually resulted from a decrease in white cell colonies, so no overall increase in red cell colonies was seen when equivalent numbers of CD34+ cells were plated. Proliferating MNC maintained in optimised cytokine cocktail were amenable to electroporation for the effective delivery of episomal transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, L-Myc, and Lin28) within a backbone of oriP/EBNA-1. We successfully developed an efficient and simple method for reprogramming MNC from fresh or frozen samples to generate induced pluripotent cells using episomal vectors in a feeder-free system without any requirement for small molecules and the highest reprogramming efficiency is 0.033% (65 colonies from 2 ◊ 105 seeding MNC). The cytokine cocktail and reprogramming methods work better in CD34+ cells from cord blood or fetal liver, and we obtained 148 iPS colonies from 105 seeding cells (0.148%) at most. In addition, fibroblasts from adult and fetal liver can be successfully reprogrammed using the same reprogramming method. The use of episomal vectors with an oriP/EBNA-1 backbone to deliver reprogramming genes, and efficient electroporation were the most important factors in efficiency of the reprogramming process. In addition, it is pivotal to initiate transfection when cells are actively proliferating. The iPS cell lines we generated maintained the successful expression of ES markers including Oct4, Nanog, SSEA3. SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and had the capacity to successfully differentiate into cell types of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm layers in vitro.
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Ono, Tetsuo. "Novel preservation method of germ cells and somatic cells." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120542.
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Oliveira, Francisco Gilberto. "Aspectos anat?micos do olho e neuroqu?micos da retina do moc? (Kerodon rupestris)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17231.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-24<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico<br>The visual system is an important link between the animal and the environment, com profound influences on the habits and lifestyle in various habitats. Adaptive mechanismsto the temporal niche are present in the visual system of many vertebrates, involving changins in ocular dimensios and design, retinal cell distribution and organization of neurochemical circuits related to the retinal resolution or sensitivity. The sensory system of the eye is represented by the retina, whose organization is responsible by receipty, initial analysis, and transmission of the information to the brain. The knowledge of the position of the eyes in the head and the distribution of retinal cells allow to identify adaptive aspects of each species to its visual field, which is characteristic to the ecological niche it occupies. In this research, we study eye anatomical characteristics and retina neurochemical features of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a tipical Brazilian rodent from the suborder Hystricomorpha, family Caviidae. The rock cavy has lateral eyes well constitute bony orbit and well differentiated extrinsic muscle. The study of the descriptive and morphometric anatomy of the showed mean values of axial diameter 10.7?0,5mm and equatorial diameter 11.6?0.7mm. The pupil is slit shaped and the lens has mean axial diameter 5.4?0.03 mm, corresponding to ~45% of the axial diameter of the eye. The posterior nodal distance and the retinal magnification factor were estimated at 6.74 mm e 118 μm/grau, respectively. Flat mounts were processed for Nissl stain, and the topographic distribution of ganglion cells showed a moderate visual band, just below the optic disc, with higher density in the ventral retina. Retinal vertical sections and flat mounts were processed for immunohistochemistry to visualize tyrosine hydroxilase (TH) and thus two types of TH+ cells were detected. Type 1 cells had strong TH-immunoreactivity, the body cell varied from 120.047 to 269.373 μm2 stratifying in the sublamina 1 of the IPL. Type 2 cells were weakly TH-imunoreactive, had cell body located mostly in the IPL, varying from 54.848 to 177.142 μm2, constituting ~10% of the TH+ cells. Both cell types exhibited similar topographic distribution with higher density found in a horizontal band along of the naso-temporal axis in the dorsal retina. The total population of dopaminergic cells was 2,156?469,4 cells, occupying an average area of 198,164 μm2. The presence of cones and rods was detected by immunohistochemistry in vertical sections and flat mounts. S cones density is around 10 times smaller than L cones, with different degree of spatial organization. Other retinal neuronal populations of the rock cavy were also detected in vertical sections with specific markers. Comparative analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the rock cavy eye
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suggest that it was designed to acquire higher sensitivity to light, at expense of image sharpness, compatible with a vision at mesopic conditions. Additionally, the distribution of the 2 subtypes of dopaminergic cells in a naso-temporal band in the dorsal retina seems suitable to a gain in sensitivity, coherent with an animal with predominantly crepuscular activity pattern<br>O sistema visual representa um importante elo entre o animal e o ambiente, com profundas influ?ncias sobre os h?bitos e estilo de vida nos mais diversos habitats. Mecanismos adaptativos ao nicho temporal est?o presentes no sistema visual de muitos vertebrados, envolvendo modifica??es nas dimens?es e desenho ocular, distribui??o de c?lulas retinianas, e organiza??o dos circuitos neuroqu?micos relacionados com a resolu??o ou sensibilidade retiniana. O sistema sensorial do olho ? representado pela retina, cuja organiza??o ? respons?vel pela recep??o, an?lise inicial, e transmiss?o da informa??o para o c?rebro. O conhecimento da posi??o dos olhos na cabe?a e a distribui??o das c?lulas retinianas permitem identificar aspectos adaptativos de cada esp?cie ao seu campo visual, o qual ? caracter?stico ao nicho ecol?gico que ocupa. Nesta pesquisa, estudamos caracter?sticas anat?micas do olho e neuroqu?micos da retina do moc? (Kerodon rupestris), roedor tipicamente brasileiro da subordem Hystricomorpha, fam?lia Caviidae. O moc? tem olhos laterais, ?rbita ?ssea bem constitu?da e musculatura extr?nseca bem diferenciada. O estudo da anatomia descritiva e morfom?trica do olho mostrou valores m?dios de di?metro axial 10.7?0,5mm e di?metro equatorial de 11.6?0.7mm. Possui pupila em fenda e cristalino com di?metro axial m?dio de 5.4?0.03 mm, correspondendo a ~45% do di?metro axial do olho. A dist?ncia nodal posterior e o fator de magnifica??o retiniana foram estimados como sendo 6.74 mm e 118 μm/grau, respectivamente. Montagens planas foram processadas para marca??o de Nissl, e a distribui??o topogr?fica de c?lulas ganglionares mostrou uma moderada faixa visual pouco abaixo do disco ?ptico, com maior densidade na retina ventral. Sec??es verticais e montagens planas da retina foram processadas por imunohistoqu?mica para visualiza??o de tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e dois tipos de c?lulas TH+ foram detectados. As c?lulas do tipo I, apresentaram forte imunorreatividade a TH, corpo celular variando de 120,047 a 269,373 μm2 com estratifica??o na subl?mina 1 da IPL. As c?lulas do tipo II apresentaram fraca imunorreatividade a TH, corpos celulares localizados principalmente na IPL variando de 54,848 a 177,142 μm2, constituindo ~10% das c?lulas TH+. Os dois tipos celulares apresentaram uma similar distribui??o topogr?fica com maior densidade localizada em uma faixa horizontal ao longo do eixo naso-temporal na por??o superior da retina. A popula??o total de c?lulas dopamin?rgicas estimada foi em m?dia 2.156?469.4 c?lulas, com uma ?rea m?dia de 198.164 μm2. A presen?a de cones e bastonetes foi detectada por imunohistoqu?mica tanto em sec??es verticais quanto em montagens planas. Os cones S t?m
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uma densidade aproximadamente 10 vezes menor dos que os cones L, com diferentes graus de organiza??o espacial. Outras popula??es neuronais da retina do moc? tamb?m foram detectadas em sec??es verticais com marcadores espec?ficos. An?lise comparativa das caracter?sticas anat?micas do olho do moc? sugere que o mesmo foi projetado para adquirir maior sensibilidade ? luz, em detrimento da nitidez da imagem, compat?vel com uma vis?o em condi??es mes?picas. Adicionalmente, a distribui??o dos 2 subtipos de c?lulas dopamin?rgicas em uma faixa naso-temporal na retina superior parece adequada para um ganho em sensibilidade, coerente com as caracter?sticas de um animal com padr?o de atividade predominantemente crepuscular
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Graziano, Laurent. "An axial polynomial expansion and acceleration of the characteristics method for the solution of the Neutron Transport Equation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS389/document.
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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est le développement d'une approximation polynomiale axiale dans un solveur basé sur la Méthode des Caractéristiques. Le contexte, est celui de la solution stationnaire de l'équation de transport des neutrons pour des systèmes critiques, et l'implémentation pratique a été réalisée dans le solveur "Two/three Dimensional Transport" (TDT), faisant partie du projet APOLLO3®. Un solveur MOC pour des géométries en trois dimensions a été implémenté dans ce code pendant un projet de thèse antécédent, se basant sur une approximation constante par morceaux du flux et des sources des neutrons. Les développements présentés dans la suite représentent la continuation naturelle de ce travail. Les solveurs MOC en trois dimensions sont capables de produire des résultats précis pour des géométries complexes. Bien que précis, le coût computationnel associé à ce type de solveur est très important. Une représentation polynomiale en direction axiale du flux angulaire des neutrons a été utilisée pour réduire ce coût computationnel.Le travail réalisé pendant cette thèse peut être considéré comme divisé en trois parties: transport, accélération et autres. La première partie est constituée par l'implémentation de l'approximation polynomiale choisie dans les équations de transmission et de bilan typiques de la Méthode des Caractéristiques. Cette partie a aussi été caractérisée par le calcul d'une série de coefficients numériques qui se sont révélés nécessaires afin d'obtenir un algorithme stable. Pendant la deuxième partie, on a modifié et implémenté la solution des équations de la méthode d'accélération DPN. Cette méthode était déjà utilisée pour l'accélération et des itérations internes et externes dans TDT pour les solveurs deux et trois dimensionnels avec l'approximation des flux plat, quand ce travail a commencé. L'introduction d'une approximation polynomiale a demandé plusieurs développements numériques regardant la méthode d'accélération. Dans la dernière partie de ce travail on a recherché des solutions pour un mélange de différents problèmes liés aux premières deux parties. En premier lieux, on a eu à faire avec des instabilités numériques associées à une discrétisation spatiale ou angulaire pas suffisamment précise, soit pour la partie transport que pour la partie d'accélération. Ensuite, on a essayé d'utiliser différentes méthodes pour réduire l'empreinte mémoire des coefficients d'accélération. L'approche qu'on a finalement choisie se base sur une régression non-linéaire au sens des moindres carrés de la dépendance en fonction des sections efficaces typique de ces coefficients. L'approche standard consiste dans le stockage d'une série de coefficients pour chaque groupe d'énergie. La méthode de régression permet de remplacer cette information avec une série de coefficients calculés pendant la régression qui sont utilisés pour reconstruire les matrices d'accélération au cours des itérations. Cette procédure ajoute un certain coût computationnel à la méthode, mais nous pensons que la réduction de la mémoire rende ce surcoût acceptable.En conclusion, le travail réalisé a été concentré sur l'application d'une simple approximation polynomiale avec l'objectif de réduire le coût computationnel et l'empreinte mémoire associées à un solveur basée sur la Méthodes des Caractéristiques qui est utilisé pour calculer le flux neutroniques pour des géométries à trois dimensions extrudées. Même si cela ne constitue pas une amélioration radicale des performances, l'approximation d'ordre supérieur qu'on a introduit permet une réduction en termes de mémoire et de temps de calcul d'un facteur compris entre 2 et 5, selon le cas. Nous pensons que ces résultats constitueront une base fertile pour des futures améliorations<br>The purpose of this PhD is the implementation of an axial polynomial approximation in a three-dimensional Method Of Characteristics (MOC) based solver. The context of the work is the solution of the steady state Neutron Transport Equation for critical systems, and the practical implementation has been realized in the Two/three Dimensional Transport (TDT) solver, as a part of the APOLLO3® project. A three-dimensional MOC solver for 3D extruded geometries has been implemented in this code during a previous PhD project, relying on a piecewise constant approximation for the neutrons fluxes and sources. The developments presented in the following represent the natural continuation of this work. Three-dimensional neutron transport MOC solvers are able to produce accurate results for complex geometries. However accurate, the computational cost associated to this kind of solvers is very important. An axial polynomial representation of the neutron angular fluxes has been used to lighten this computational burden.The work realized during this PhD can be considered divided in three major parts: transport, acceleration and others. The first part is constituted by the implementation of the chosen polynomial approximation in the transmission and balance equations typical of the Method Of Characteristics. This part was also characterized by the computation of a set of numerical coefficients which revealed to be necessary in order to obtain a stable algorithm. During the second part, we modified and implemented the solution of the equations of the DPN synthetic acceleration. This method was already used for the acceleration of both inners and outers iteration in TDT for the two and three dimensional solvers at the beginning of this work. The introduction of a polynomial approximation required several equations manipulations and associated numerical developments. In the last part of this work we have looked for the solutions of a mixture of different issues associated to the first two parts. Firstly, we had to deal with some numerical instabilities associated to a poor numerical spatial or angular discretization, both for the transport and for the acceleration methods. Secondly, we tried different methods to reduce the memory footprint of the acceleration coefficients. The approach that we have eventually chosen relies on a non-linear least square fitting of the cross sections dependence of such coefficients. The default approach consists in storing one set of coefficients per each energy group. The fit method allows replacing this information with a set of coefficients computed during the regression procedure that are used to re-construct the acceleration matrices on-the-fly. This procedure of course adds some computational cost to the method, but we believe that the reduction in terms of memory makes it worth it.In conclusion, the work realized has focused on applying a simple polynomial approximation in order to reduce the computational cost and memory footprint associated to a Method Of Characteristics solver used to compute the neutron fluxes in three dimensional extruded geometries. Even if this does not a constitute a radical improvement, the high order approximation that we have introduced allows a reduction in terms of memory and computational times of a factor between 2 and 5, depending on the case. We think that these results will constitute a fertile base for further improvements
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Park, Jaesang. "Automatic white blood cell differentiation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074435.
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Tzavelas, Christos. "Immunoporation : a new method for transfecting human cells." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248671.
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Zhu, Lailai. "Simulation of individual cells in flow." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Stabilitet, Transition, Kontroll, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142557.
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In this thesis, simulations are performed to study the motion ofindividual cells in flow, focusing on the hydrodynamics of actively swimming cells likethe self-propelling microorganisms, and of passively advected objects like the red bloodcells. In particular, we develop numerical tools to address the locomotion ofmicroswimmers in viscoelastic fluids and complex geometries, as well as the motion ofdeformable capsules in micro-fluidic flows. For the active movement, the squirmer is used as our model microswimmer. The finiteelement method is employed to study the influence of the viscoelasticity of fluid on theperformance of locomotion. A boundary element method is implemented to study swimmingcells inside a tube. For the passive counterpart, the deformable capsule is chosen as the modelcell. An accelerated boundary integral method code is developed to solve thefluid-structure interaction, and a global spectral method is incorporated to handle theevolving cell surface and its corresponding membrane dynamics. We study the locomotion of a neutral squirmer with anemphasis on the change of swimming kinematics, energetics, and flowdisturbance from Newtonian to viscoelastic fluid. We also examine the dynamics of differentswimming gaits resulting in different patterns of polymer deformation, as well as theirinfluence on the swimming performance. We correlate the change of swimming speed withthe extensional viscosity and that of power consumption with the phase delay of viscoelasticfluids. Moreover, we utilise the boundary element method to simulate the swimming cells in astraight and torus-like bent tube, where the tube radius is a few times the cell radius. Weinvestigate the effect of tube confinement to the swimming speed and power consumption. Weanalyse the motions of squirmers with different gaits, which significantly affect thestability of the motion. Helical trajectories are produced for a neutralsquirmer swimming, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations, which can beexplained by hydrodynamic interactions alone. We perform simulations of a deformable capsule in micro-fluidic flows. We look atthe trajectory and deformation of a capsule through a channel/duct with a corner. Thevelocity of capsule displays an overshoot as passing around the corner, indicating apparentviscoelasticity induced by the interaction between the deformable membrane and viscousflow. A curved corner is found to deform the capsule less than the straight one. In addition, we propose a new cell sorting device based on the deformability of cells. Weintroduce carefully-designed geometric features into the flow to excite thehydrodynamic interactions between the cell and device. This interaction varies andclosely depends on the cell deformability, the resultant difference scatters the cellsonto different trajectories. Our high-fidelity computations show that the new strategy achievesa clear and robust separation of cells. We finally investigate the motion of capsule in awall-bounded oscillating shear flow, to understand the effect of physiological pulsation to thedeformation and lateral migration of cells. We observe the lateral migration velocity of a cellvaries non-monotonically with its deformability.<br><p>QC 20140313</p>
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Cooksey, Mark. "Method of measuring ohmic resistance in Aluminium reduction cells." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/11565.
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The objective of this work was to develop a method of directly measuring the ohmic resistance in an industrial aluminium reduction cell. This requires that the voltage due to ohmic resistance be distinguished from the voltage due to the Nernst potential and polarisation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used to directly measure ohmic resistance at the laboratory scale, but it is not suitable for an industrial aluminium reduction cell because an alternating current of the required magnitude and frequencies cannot be produced, and the system does not stay at steady state for the duration of the measurement. A measurement technique was developed based on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A single bipolar pulse is generated by two capacitors. The current and voltage are measured and transformed to the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Analysis, from which the impedance at a range of frequencies is calculated. The ohmic resistance is the impedance where the imaginary impedance is zero (i.e. where there is only a real component). Measurements were conducted on a physical electrical circuit designed to represent an industrial aluminium reduction cell. Inductance had a significant impact on the performance of the measurement technique, but the measurement parameters could be optimised such that the ohmic resistance of the circuit could be determined. Measurements were conducted on a 500 A laboratory copper electrowinning cell with geometry similar to that of an industrial aluminium reduction cell. Inductance again had a significant impact on the performance of the measurement technique, but the measurement parameters could again be optimised such that the ohmic resistance of the cell could be determined. This gives some confidence that the bipolar capacitor technique could be used to measure the ohmic resistance on an industrial aluminium reduction cell, and recommendations on how to conduct these measurements are provided.
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Bartish, Margarita. "Establishing iPSCs as a method to model neurodevelopment in Down’s syndrome." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182353.
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The derivation of pluripotent stem cells (now termed induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSC) from mature somatic cells was a finding of seminal importance to fundamental cell biology. Thus established iPSC technology has been predicted to advance fields that previously relied on the ethically disputed use of embryonic stem cells. Being pluripotent (able to differentiate into every cell type present in the human body) and sharing most other characteristics with embryonic stem cells, but being much readier obtainable and their derivation free from ethical restraints, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provide access to cell types and insights into cell processes previously unattainable to researches. For this thesis, a hiPSC line was established from a skin biopsy donated by a Down’s syndrome patient. Most of what is known today about the molecular neurobiology behind this disease has been gathered from mice models or human post mortem studies, but this has a limited extrapolation potential to early human brain development in DS patients, as Down’s syndrome is an inherently human disease whose defining phenotype is established early during embryonic development. Having access to human pluripotent cells able to recapitulate the events of early neurogenesis is thus invaluable to the understanding of the mechanisms of this disorder. In parallel, work has been performed on optimizing iPSC reprogramming protocol. By exchanging one of the transcription factors used for reprogramming with a reporter gene, genomic integration of reprogramming factors has become possible to be traced visually, enabling more efficient selection of reprogrammed iPSC colonies.
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Mallem, Khadidja. "Convergence du schéma Marker-and-Cell pour les équations de Navier-Stokes incompressible." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4777/document.
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Le schéma Marker-And-Cell (MAC) est un schéma de discrétisation des équations aux dérivées partielles sur maillages cartésiens, très connu en mécanique des fluides. Nous nous intéressons ici à son analyse mathématique dans le cadre des écoulements incompressibles sur des maillages cartésiens non-uniformes en dimension 2 ou 3. Dans un premier temps nous discrétisons les équations de Navier-Stokes pour un écoulement incompressible stationnaire; nous établissons des estimations a priori sur les suites de vitesses et pressions approchées qui permettent d’une part d'établir l’existence d’une solution au schéma, et d’obtenir la compacité de ces suites lorsque le pas d’espace tend vers 0. Nous montrons alors la convergence de ces suites (à une sous-suite près) vers une solution faible du problème continu, ce qui nécessite une analyse fine du terme de convection non linéaire. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux équations de Navier-Stokes en régime instationnaire avec une discrétisation en temps implicite. Nous démontrons que le schéma préserve les propriétés de stabilité du problème continu et obtenons ainsi l’existence d’une solution au schéma. Puis, grâce à des techniques de compacité et en passant à la limite dans le schéma, nous démontrons qu’une suite de vitesses approchées converge. Si l’on se restreint au problème de Stokes, et en supposant de plus que la condition initiale de la vitesse est dans H 1 , nous obtenons une estimation sur la pression qui permet de montrer la convergence forte des pressions approchées. Enfin nous étendons l’analyse aux écoulements incompressibles à masse volumique variable. On montre la convergence du schéma<br>The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) scheme is a discretization scheme for partial derivative equations on Cartesian meshes, which is very well known in fluid mechanics. Here we are concerned with its mathematical analysis in the case of incompressible flows on two or three dimensional non-uniform Cartesian grids. We first discretize the steady-state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We show somea priori estimates that allow to show the existence of a solution to the scheme and some compactness and consistency results. By a passage to the limit on the scheme, we show that the approximate solutions obtained with the MAC scheme converge (up to a subsequence) to a weak solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, thanks to a careful analysis of the nonlinear convection term. Then, we analyze the convergence of the unsteady-case Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm is implicit in time. We first show that the scheme preserves the stability properties of the continuous problem, which yields, the existence of a solution. Then, invoking compactness arguments and passing to the limit in the scheme, we prove that any sequence of solutions (obtained with a sequence of discretizations the space and time step of which tend to zero) converges up to the extraction of a subsequence to a weak solution of the continuous problem. If we restrict ourselves to the Stokes equations and assume that the initial velocity belongs to H 1, then we obtain estimates on the pressure and prove the convergence of the sequences of approximate pressures. Finally, we extend the analysis of the scheme to incompressible variable density flows. we show the convergence of the scheme
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Szatkowski, Paul Michael. "A method for setup time reduction in high precision machine cells." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092009-040558/.
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Price, Toby. "SV40 T antigen as a method for immortalising human differentiated cells." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262300.
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Kanani, Chirantan. "Cell Printing: A novel method to seed cells onto biological scaffolds." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/332.
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Bioprinting, defined as depositing cells, extracellular matrices and other biologically relevant materials in user-defined patterns to build tissue constructs de novo or to build upon pre-fabricated scaffolds, is among one of the most promising techniques in tissue engineering. Among the various technologies used for Bioprinting, pressure driven systems are most conducive to preserving cell viability. Herein, we explore the abilities of a novel bioprinter - Digilab, Inc.'s prototype cell printer. The prototype cell printer (Digilab Inc., Holliston, MA) is an automated liquid handling device capable of delivering cell suspension in user-defined patterns onto standard cell culture substrates or custom-designed scaffolds. In this work, the feasibility of using the cell printer to deliver cell suspensions to biological sutures was explored. Cell therapy using stem cells of various types shows promise to aid healing and regeneration in various ailments, including heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that delivering bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to the infarcted heart reduces infarct size and improves ventricular performance. Current cell delivery systems, however, have critical limitations such as inefficient cell retention, poor survival, and lack of targeted localization. Our laboratories have developed a method to produce discrete fibrin microthreads that can be bundled to form a suture and attached to a needle. These sutures can then be seeded with bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells to deliver these cells to a precise location within the heart wall, both in terms of depth and surface localization. The efficiency of the process of seeding cells onto fibrin thread bundles (sutures) has previously been shown to be 11.8 ± 3.9 %, suggesting that 88% of the cells in suspension are not used. Considering that the proposed cell-therapy model for treatment of myocardial infarction contemplates use of autologous bone-marrow derived stem cells, an improvement in the efficiency of seeding cells onto the fibrin sutures is highly desirable. The feasibility of using Digilab's prototype cell printer to deliver concentrated cell suspension containing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) directly onto a fibrin thread bundle was explored in this work, in order to determine if this technology could be adapted to seed cells onto such biological sutures. First the effect of the printing process on the viability of hMSCs was assessed by comparing to cells dispensed manually using a hand-held pipette. The viability of hMSCs 24 hours post-dispensing using the cell printer was found to be 90.9 ± 4.0 % and by manual pipetting was 90.6 ± 8.2 % (p = ns). Thereafter a special bioreactor assembly composed of sterilizable Delrin plastic and stainless steel pins was designed to mount fibrin thread bundles onto the deck of the cell printer, to deliver a suspension containing hMSCs on the bundles. Highly targeted delivery of cell suspension directly onto fibrin thread bundles (average diameter 310 µm) was achieved with the bundle suspended in mid-air horizontally parallel to the printer's deck mounted on the bioreactor assembly. To compare seeding efficiency, fibrin thread bundles were simultaneously seeded with hMSCs using either the cell printer or the current method (tube-rotator method) and incubated for 24 hours. Seeded thread bundles were visualized using confocal microscopy and the number of cells per unit length of the bundle was determined for each group. The average seeding efficiency with the tube rotator method was 7.0 ± 0.03 % while the cell printer was 3.46 ± 2.24% (p = ns). In conclusion, the cell printer was found to handle cells as gently as manual pipetting, preserve their viability, with the added abilities to dispense cells in user-defined patterns in an automated manner. With further development, such as localized temperature, gas and humidity control on the cell printer's deck to aid cell survival, the seeding efficiency is likely to improve. The feasibility of using this automated liquid handling technology to deliver cells to biological scaffolds in specified patterns to develop vehicles for cell therapy was shown in this study. Seeding other cell types on other scaffolds along with selectively loading them with growth factors or multiple cell types can also be considered. In sum, the cell printer shows considerable potential to develop novel vehicles for cell therapy. It empowers researchers with a supervision-free, gentle, patterned cell dispensing technique while preserving cell viability and a sterile environment. Looking forward, de novo biofabrication of tissue replicates on a small scale using the cell printer to dispense cells, extracellular matrices, and growth factors in different combinations is a very realistic possibility.
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Mack, Matthias [Verfasser]. "A Novel Screening Method for Genotoxicity in Human Cells / Matthias Mack." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220227277/34.
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Bhatti, Muhammad Tariq. "A novel method of production of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356984.
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Wu, Hanzhi. "Proteomics method development and application for interaction of influenza virus and cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/162.
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Influenza virus H1N1 is a huge threat on human health. Influenza occurs with seasonal variations and reaches peak prevalence in winter, with many people killed worldwide every year. In the research of interaction between influenza virus and cells, four major parts were in the range of our consideration, namely the proteins of virus, the proteome of host cell, the method of proteomic and the potencial medicine related with those significant proteins. Hemagglutinin (HA), as an envelope protein, plays an important role in influenza A virus. It was found that HA has a series of isoforms in two dimensional gels in this study. For the investigation of HA, firstly, virus was purified by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, followed by the separation of virus proteins through electrophoresis method, and then these proteins were digested by different enzymes and analyzed through MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF MS. Database searching was used for identification of sequences. The results of the virus samples digested by different enzymes were compared, and the isoforms of HA were proved to be related with the glycan and their glycosylation sites. A novel strategy of stable-isotope N-phosphorylation labeling was developed for peptide de novo sequencing and protein quantification based on organic phosphorus chemistry. Different from other stable-isotope labeling reagents that needed to be activated in advance for peptide coupling, N-phosphorylation labeling reagents were activated in situ to form labeling intermediates with high activity and selectivity targeting on N-terminus and -amino group of lysine under various reaction conditions. The obtained results showed excellent correlation of the measured ratios to theoretical ratios with errors that ranging from 0.5 to 6.7 % and relative standard deviation of less than 10.6 %, indicating the reproducibility and preciseness of the developed method. The method development based on organic phosphorus chemistry offered a new approach for quantitative proteomics by using novel stable-isotope labeling reagents. A method combining hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry analysis was developed and applied to study glycoproteins of H1N1 (A/Purto Rico/8/1934) infected cell line (A549). The result showed that some glycoproteins were significant in influenza virus infected cells. In these glycoproteins, RPC1_HUMAN, RHG25_HUMAN , RPTOR_HUMAN, ARHGC_HUMAN, ROCK1_HUMAN, DOCK3_HUMAN were down-regulated. Protein named TITIN_HUMAN, DESP_HUMAN, PTN13_HUMAN were up-regulated. High dose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was recently reported for a therapy of H1N1 influenza pneumonia. NAC was used as a small-molecule organic probe to investigate the protein expression of human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) infected by influenza virus H1N1. The obtained results showed that NAC kept cells away from apoptosis. Virus-infected cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. The lowest cell population of G0/G1 phase was detected when the cells were treated by 10 mM NAC for one day. Software analysis showed that 4 proteins had close relationship. The results indicated that NAC as a small-molecule probe might effect the proteins expression of A549 cells infected by the H1N1 virus
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Goodman, Caitlin Elizabeth. "A Novel Method to Analyze DNA Breaks and Repair in Human Cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1525086265360859.
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Viswanathan, Sundar. "Finite element analysis of interaction between actin cytoskeleton and intracellular fluid in prechondrocytes and chondrocytes subjected to compressive loading." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3664.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 138 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
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Vuta, Ravi K. "Numerical simulation of moving boundary problem." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050407-082551/.
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Murayama, Shuuhei. "Development of solution NMR method for observation and analysis of proteins inside cells." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199327.
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Nelson, David S. "A new method for culturing dogfish shark (Scyliorhinus canicula) rectal gland epithelial cells." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15019.
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1. Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, rectal gland epithelial cells were successfully cultured using two different techniques: 1) a perfusion based technique and 2) a modified Valentich's technique (Valentich, 1991). 2. Growth stages of cultures were monitored, showing attachment of tubules at approximately two days with a complete monolayer formed between seven and ten days. Cultures were able to be maintained for up to twenty days. Photos were taken illustrating epithelial cell migration and cell viability. 3. Administration of Ca+2 and Mg+2 free Ringer + 2 mM ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) + 1% trypsin successfully reduced cultures growing in 96-well plates to single cells after a time course of 20 min to allow for accurate cell counts of approximately 22,000 cells per well. 4. 10-6 M shark C-type natriuretic peptide (sCNP) induced stimulation of cGMP in cultured rectal gland epithelial cells over a time course of 240 sec with maximal stimulation occurring at 180 sec. Limited experiments with scyliorhinin II and rectin showed little effects in stimulating cGMP.
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Waugh, William. "Development of a new manufacturing method of electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3750.
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It is well established that anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be manufactured by processes involving final sintering. This research investigated a novel alternative method which relies on the electroless co-deposition of yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) or ceria-stabilised zirconia (CeSZ) and nickel onto a YSZ substrate. This process allows complex or simple shaped substrates to be coated, thereby replacing the high temperature sintering and reduction stages with a single plating operation, which is substantially more cost effective and greatly simplifies the manufacture of any cell design. The technique also eliminates the production of larger nickel grains (which occurs during sintering), thus improving cell performance. Through a series of multifactoral experiments, a successful method was established and optimised for the deposition of the metal-ceramic composite which was successfully used in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stack. The typical process involves degreasing and chemical pre-treatment of the substrates, followed by electroless co-deposition of the cermet coating, using either proprietary based chemicals or standard analytical reagents which have been specially formulated. Through the metallurgical examination of the experimental samples it has been shown that the ratio of the metal to ceramic can be varied, thus catering to a potentially large customer base, and that a composition gradient can be achieved through the coating. Additional parameters such as porosity and electrical conductivity have also been evaluated and the results have been so encouraging that there has been significant commercial interest in the process. Further work is continuing as part of a Proof of Concept (POC) project, with funding generously provided by Scottish Enterprise. Intellectual Property has been secured initially through funding supplied by Edinburgh Napier University, then subsequently through the POC project, with the aim that on completion of the project a spin-out company from Edinburgh Napier University is established.
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Loke, Chee Wui. "Finite element modeling of cells in response to loading effect of cytoskeleton /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4036.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62).
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Hammerschmidt, Martin [Verfasser]. "Optical simulation of complex nanostructured solar cells with a reduced basis method / Martin Hammerschmidt." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106250745/34.
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Wu, Yiming. "Long term performance prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using machine learning method." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0308/document.
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Les questions environnementales, en particulier le réchauffement de la planète en raison de l'effet de serre, estdevenu de plus en plus critique au cours des dernières décennies. Candidate potentielle parmi les différentessolutions alternatives d'énergie verte pour le développement durable, la pile à combustible à membrane échangeusede protons (PEMFC en anglais) a fait l'objet de nombreux travaux de recherche, dans les domaines de l'énergie etdes transports. Les PEMFC peuvent produire de l'électricité directement à partir de la réaction électrochimique entrel'hydrogène et l'oxygène de l'air, avec comme seul sous-produits de l'eau et de la chaleur. Si l'hydrogène est produità partir de sources d'énergie renouvelables, cette conversion de l'énergie est complètement écologique.Cependant, la durée de vie relativement courte des PEMFC fonctionnant dans des conditions dynamiques (pour lesvéhicules, par exemple) empêche son utilisation massive. La prévision précise de leurs mécanismes devieillissement peut ainsi aider à concevoir des modèles de maintenance appropriés des PEMFC en fournissant desinformations prévisibles sur la dégradation des performances. De plus, la prédiction pourrait également contribuer àatténuer la dégradation indésirable des systèmes PEMFC en cours d'exploitation. Ces travaux proposent unenouvelle approche guidée par les données pour prédire la dégradation des performances des PEMFC en utilisantune méthode d'apprentissage améliorée (Relevance Vector Machine : RVM).Tout d'abord, la description théorique des PEMFC en fonctionnement est présentée. Ensuite, une illustrationdétaillée de l'impact des conditions opérationnelles sur la performance des PEMFC est exposée, ainsi que desmécanismes de dégradation de chaque composant des PEMFC.Une méthode de prédiction de performance en utilisant la RVM améliorée est ensuite proposée et démontrée. Lesrésultats de prédiction basés sur des zones d'apprentissage différentes à partir des données historiques sontégalement discutés et comparés avec les résultats de prédiction utilisant les machines à vecteurs de support(Support Vector Machine : SVM).En outre, une méthode de prédiction RVM à noyau auto-adaptatif (Self-Adaptive Kernel) est présentée. La matricede conception de la formation du RVM est également modifiée afin d'acquérir une plus grande précision lors de laprédiction. Les résultats de la prévision sont illustrés et discutés en détails.En résumé, ces travaux permettent de discuter principalement de l'analyse de la prédiction de la performance desPEMFC en utilisant des méthodes d'apprentissage statistique<br>The environmental issues, especially the global warming due to greenhouse effect, has become more and morecritical in recent decades. As one potential candidate among different alternative "green energy" solutions forsustainable development, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has been received extensiveresearch attention since many years for energy and transportation applications. The PEMFC stacks, can produceelectricity directly from electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air, with the only by-productsof water and heat. If the hydrogen is produced from renewable energy sources, this energy conversion is 100% ecofriendly.However, the relatively short lifespan of PEMFCs operating under non-steady-state conditions (for vehicles forexample) impedes its massive use. The accurate prediction of their aging mechanisms can thus help to designproper maintenance patterns of PEMFCs by providing foreseeable performance degradation information. In addition,the prediction could also help to avoid or mitigate the unwanted degradation of PEMFC systems during operation.This thesis proposes a novel data driven approach to predict the performance degradation of the PEMFC using animproved relevance vector machine method.Firstly, the theoretical description of the PEMFC during operation will be presented followed by an extensivelydetailed illustration on impacts of operational conditions on PEMFC performance, along with the degradationmechanisms on each component of PEMFC. Moreover, different approaches of PEMFC performance prediction inthe literature will also be briefly introduced.Further, a performance prediction method using an improved Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) would be proposedand demonstrated. The prediction results based on different training zones from historical data will also bediscussed and compared with the prediction results using conventional Support Vector Machine (SVM).Moreover, a self-adaptive kernel RVM prediction method will be introduced. At the meantime, the design matrix ofthe RVM training will also be modified in order to acquire higher precision during prediction. The prediction resultswill be illustrated and discussed thoroughly in the end.In summary, this dissertation mainly discusses the analysis of the PEMFC performance prediction using advancedmachine learning methods
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Huang, Peiwu. "Method development and application for spatial proteome and glycoproteome profiling." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/788.
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Tissues are heterogeneous ecosystems comprised of various cell types. For example, in tumor tissues, malignant cancer cells are surround by various non-malignant stromal cells. Proteins, especially N-linked glycoproteins, are key players in tumor microenvironment and respond to many extracellular stimuli for involving and regulating intercellular signaling. Understanding the human proteome and glycoproteome in heterogeneous tissues with spatial resolution are meaningful for exploring intercellular signaling networks and discovering protein biomarkers for various diseases, such as cancer. In this study, we aimed to develop new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based analytical methods for spatially-resolved proteome and glycoproteome profiling in tissue samples, and apply them for profiling potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. We first systematically and synchronously optimized the LC-MS parameters to increase peptide sequencing efficiency in data dependent proteomics. Taking advantage of its hybrid instrument design with various mass analyzer and fragmentation strageties, the Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer was used for systematically comparing the popular high-high approach by using orbitrap for both MS1 and MS2 scans and high-low approach by using orbitrap for MS1 scan and ion trap for MS2 scans. High-high approach outperformed high-low approach in terms of better saturation of the scan cycle and higher MS2 identification rate. We then systematically optimized various MS parameters for high-high approach. We investigated the influence of isolation window and injection time on scan speed and MS2 identification rate. We then explored how to properly set dynamic exclusion time according to the chromatography peak width. Furthermore, we found that the orbitrap analyzer, rather than the analytical column, was easily saturated with higher peptide loading amount, thus limited the dynamic range of MS1-based quantification. Finally, by using the optimized LC-MS parameters, more than 9000 proteins and 110,000 unique peptides were identified by using 10 hours of effective LC gradient time. The study therefore illustrated the importance of synchronizing LC-MS precursor targeting and high-resolution fragment detection for high-efficient data dependent proteomics. Understanding the tumor heterogeneity through spatially resolved proteome profiling is meaningful for biomedical research. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a powerful technology for exploring local cell populations without losing spatial information. Here, we designed an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based workflow for cell type-resolved proteome analysis of tissue samples. Firstly, targeted cell type was stained by IHC using antibody targeting cell-type specific marker to improve accuracy and efficiency of LCM. Secondly, to increase protein recovery from chemically crosslinked IHC tissues, we optimized a decrosslinking procedure to seamlessly combine with the integrated spintip-based sample preparation technology SISPROT. This newly developed approach, termed IHC-SISPROT, has comparable performance with traditional H&E staining-based proteomic analysis. High sensitivity and reproducibility of IHC-SISPROT was achieved by combining with data independent proteomic analysis. This IHC-SISPROT workflow was successfully applied for identifying 6660 and 6052 protein groups from cancer cells and cancer- associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by using only 5 mm 2 and 12 μm thickness of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue section. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the enrichment of cell type-specific ligands and receptors and potentially new communications between cancer cells and CAFs by these signaling proteins. Therefore, IHC-SISPROT is sensitive and accurate proteomic approach for spatial profiling of cell type-specific proteome from tissues. N-linked glycoproteins are promising candidates for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They often locate at plasma membrane and extracellular space with distinct cell type distribution in tissue microenvironment. Due to access to only low microgram of proteins and low abundance of glycoproteins in tissue sections harvested by LCM, region- and cell type-resolved glycoproteome analysis of tissue sections remains challenging. Here we designed a fully integrated spintip-based glycoproteomic approach (FISGlyco) which achieved all the steps for glycoprotein enrichment, digestion, deglycosylation and desalting in a single spintip device. Sample loss is significantly reduced and the total processing time is reduced to 4 hours, while detection sensitivity and label-free quantification precision is greatly improved. 607 N-glycosylation sites were successfully identified and quantified from only 5 μg of mouse brain proteins. By seamlessly combining with LCM, the first region-resolved N-glycoproteome profiling of four mouse brain regions, including isocortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, was achieved, with 1,875, 1,794, 1,801, and 1,417 N-glycosites identified, respectively. Our approach could be a generic approach for region and even cell type specific glycoproteome analysis of tissue sections. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with five year survival rate of around 8%. No effective biomarkers and targeted therapy are one of the major reasons for this urgent clinical situation. To explore potential protein biomarkers and drug targets located at intercellular space of pancreatic tumor microenvironment, we established chemical proteomic approach for deep glycoproteome profiling of PDAC clinical tissue samples based on the above- mentioned new proteomic methods. Taking advantage of a long chain biotin- hydrazide probe with less space hindrance, the new method outperformed traditional hydrazide chemistry method in terms of sensitivity, time efficiency and glycoproteome coverage. The method was successfully applied to enrich and validate LIF and its receptors as potential biomarkers for PDAC. In addition, to explore the full map of pancreatic tumor microenvironment glycoproteome with diagnostic and therapeutic values, we collected 114 pancreatic tissues, including 30 PDAC tumor tissues, 30 adjacent non-tumor (NT) tissues, 32 chronic pancreatitis tissues and 22 normal pancreatic tissues, and systematically profiled their glycoprotein expression pattern by using the developed glycoproteomic strategy. The deepest glycoproteome of PDAC was achieved, which covered the majority of previously reported glycoprotein biomarkers and drug targets for PDAC. Importantly, we discovered many new glycoproteins with differential expression in PDAC and normal tissue types. Moreover, LCM-based cell-type proteome profiling was achieved for 13 PDAC tissue samples, which covered more than 8000 proteins for both pancreatic stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells in each sample. We therefore provided a valuable resource for screening novel and cancer specific glycoprotein biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with spatial resolution
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Suhardi, Idwan. "Development of method of coastal geomorphological analysis with reference to selected Indonesian coasts." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343335.
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Pijuan, Galitó Sara. "Novel Culture Strategies and Signal Transduction Pathways of Pluripotent Stem Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248124.
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Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining their capacity to differentiate into any cell type of an organism, thus offering novel sources for drug screening, in vitro disease modelling, and cell replacement therapies. However, due to their sensitive nature, many PSC lines are still cultured using undefined components such as serum or serum-derived components, on either feeder cells or complex protein mixes such as Matrigel or gelatine. In order to fully realize the potential of these cells we need controlled, completely defined and xeno-free culturing conditions that maintain growth and survival of homogenous, non-differentiated colonies. This thesis focuses on the in vitro maintenance of both mouse and human PSCs, analysing the media and substrate requirements of these cells and linking them to the intracellular signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. Benchmarking of commercially available culture methods for PSCs has been performed, evaluating their capacity to maintain pluripotency and growth of undifferentiated PSCs over several passages and reporting new characteristics, like the tendency of mouse PSCs to grow as floating spheres in 2i medium, a novel media formulation that uses two inhibitors to hinder differentiation capacity and subsequently induce pure, undifferentiated cultures. The major finding in this thesis is the identification of Inter-α-Inhibitor (IαI) as a protein able to activate the previously described signal-transduction pathway Yes/YAP/TEAD in mouse PSCs and to induce transcription of the well-known stem cell transcription factors Nanog and Oct3/4. IαI is a serum protein found in high concentration in human serum that had been traditionally described as an extracellular matrix remodelling protein. For the first time, we describe IαI to have signalling capacity on PSCs. Moreover, IαI is demonstrated to induce attachment, growth and long-term survival of undifferentiated mouse and human PSCs when added to serum-free, chemically defined media. IαI is the first molecule described to date to induce attachment of human PSCs on uncoated, standard tissue-culture treated plastic, just by supplementation as a soluble molecule at the seeding step. Following this discovery, we evaluate a novel culture method using the completely defined, serum-free E8 medium supplemented with IαI (E8:IαI) for long-term propagation of four different human PSC lines and discover that IαI can indeed support long-term culture with maintained pluripotency, differentiation capacity, growth rate and genetic stability. Moreover, in contrast to the control culture method using a commercially available surface coating, IαI supplementation can support single cell passaging of human PSCs, and adapt feeder-dependent cultured human PSCs to E8:IαI with high efficiency. A mouse PSC line is also grown for over 20 passages in IαI with retained pluripotency, differentiation capacity and genetic stability. IαI is inexpensive to produce and derived from human plasma, and could therefore be produced in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. Ultimately, our group aims to develop and test large-scale, completely defined, xeno-free culturing methods for PSCs, suitable for pharmacological and medical applications.
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Hoppe, Andreas. "Adaptive spline method for the assessment of cell motility and its application to lesions." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341937.
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Stafford, Sarah Jane Vivian. "Development of a fluorescent method to study stimulus-secretion coupling in bovine anterior pituitary cells." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259471.
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Roberton, Victoria H. "Validation and characterisation of a new method for in vivo assessment of human donor cells." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59871/.
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This thesis encompasses a range of experiments designed to characterise and validate a method of desensitising rodent hosts in the neonatal period to human tissue in order to promote the survival of human striatal grafts in the adult host. Thus, the successful application of this method is important to allow the preclinical testing of potential human donor cells for therapeutic transplantation, specifically in neurological disease. Demonstrating safety and functionality of transplanted human cells in rodent hosts requires long term assessment of surviving grafts, for which current immune suppression methods are insufficient. The experiments presented in this thesis were therefore designed to determine the optimum parameters of a previously described method of desensitising rats to human tissue and to validate this method in mice. The findings provide further support for the neonatal desensitisation method in rat hosts, and suggest the potential for use of non-neural tissue types for desensitisation of neonates. The data presented in this thesis also has implications for the mechanisms underlying the success of the method in the rat. However interpretation was difficult as graft survival was generally poor and even mouse to mouse allografts did not survive to the level expected. Thus this highlights the need to reassess standard immunosuppression protocols in mice, and determine what differs between the rat and mouse rejection response to xenografts.
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Phipps, Laura Ellen. "Targeting cell adhesion as a method of sensitising metastatic tumour cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:93198943-a7fa-4b30-aaed-c92d7e0a4ba6.
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Due to its selectivity in killing cancer cells, Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has provided a potential new agent for cancer treatment. However, despite promising pre-clinical results, it appears that TRAIL therapies will be most effective when used in combination with a sensitizing agent. In light of previous evidence suggesting that cell adhesion could influence sensitivity to Tumour necrosis factor family ligands, this thesis presents a study of the effects of disrupting matrix adhesion on the sensitivity of human MDA-MB-231 breast and 1205Lu melanoma cell lines to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This was investigated using a number of models including i) culturing cells on normal and low attachment plates; ii) disrupting the transcription of genes involved in cell attachment and spreading in MDA-MB-231 cells using shRNA to Myocardin-related transcription factors-A and B (MRTF-A/B); iii) disrupting the integrin signalling pathway using inhibitors or siRNA to β integrin subunits, talin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and SRC. With the exception of ILK depletion, disruption of cell adhesion and spreading in all models resulted in sensitisation to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cells under these conditions also showed alterations in death receptor signalling and amplification of intrinsic apoptosis pathway signalling through caspase-9. Both MRTF-A/B depleted cells and those treated with the SRC family kinase inhibitor PP2 showed alterations in signalling through ERK1/2. When investigated in an experimental model of metastasis in mice, FAK and SRC inhibitors increased the clearance of MDA-MB-231 cells from the mouse lung when used in combination with recombinant human TRAIL therapy. By utilizing these models, the work in this thesis has shown that disrupting cell adhesion could provide a new combination strategy to sensitise tumour cells to TRAIL therapy.
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Sorenson, Taylor(Taylor M. ). "Interpreting Raman spectra using machine learning: towards a non-invasive method of characterizing single cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130714.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2021<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-93).<br>Raman microscopy has the potential to non-destructively measure the biomolecular changes in single cells in a label-free manner. However, the extent to which Raman spectra can effectively infer biologically-relevant information is not well understood. In this thesis, we use machine learning methods to explore the ability of Raman microscopy data to infer cell states in microbes and the gene expression values of ten genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) undergoing a dynamic cellular reprogramming process. Using a multi-modal, supervised learning approach, we provide evidence that Raman spectra can accurately resolve microbial cell types. This thesis also presents a robust computational pipeline to preprocess Raman spectra, calibrate multi-modal data, and segment nuclei; an analysis of methods to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of Raman spectra; and an analysis of Raman spectral features important for predicting microbial cell-type. Together, the results suggest Raman microscopy be considered as a useful modality for distinguishing cell-types and potentially tracking cellular dynamics, a common goal of many consortia including the Human Cell Atlas.<br>by Taylor Sorenson.<br>M. Eng.<br>M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Jansen, Sebastian Victor [Verfasser]. "Development of an In-Vitro Fluorescent Haemolysis Detection Method Using Ghost Cells / Sebastian Victor Jansen." Aachen : Shaker, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161299084/34.
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Venkatesan, Vidhyashankar. "Finite element analysis of cell subjected to compressive loading." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2796.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 123 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).
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Lindeman, Elizabeth A. "Evaluation of a Novel Method Used to Generate CMV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427980475.
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Williams, Jonathan H. T. "Finite element simulations of excitonic solar cells and organic light emitting diodes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445404.
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Wang, Gaofeng Gary. "A quantitative concurrent engineering design method using virtual prototyping-based global optimization and its application in transportation fuel cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37367.pdf.
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Hillis, Yingli, and Yingli Hillis. "Validation of a Semi-Automatic Cell Segmentation Method to the Manual Cell Counting Method on Identifying Proliferating Cells in 3-D Confocal Microscope Images." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626739.
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Sphere-forming assay is an in-vitro technique to assess the self-renewal and differentiation potential of a homogenous or heterogenous population of cells. This technique is commonly used in the stem cell and cancer biology fields to assess the ability of a cell that is capable of self-proliferation and differentiation. (Schmitt, 2011, Lombaert et al., 2008) To detect proliferative growth, Ki-67, a marker of proliferation, is used in immunofluorescence staining of sphere-forming cells. The current gold standard methodology to quantify cell proliferation is to manually count the cells on images obtained using confocal microscopy. However, the reproducibility, the inter- and intra-subject variability, and the time requirement for manually counting cells are often major challenges for researchers. In this study, we propose a semi-automated cell segmentation algorithm using the FARSIGHT toolbox, to automatically count the individual three-dimensional (3-D) cell nuclei. The present work focused on the investigation of two aspects of the algorithm performance: sensitivity and specificity. We grouped images by sphere size to test specificity of the algorithm. For the sensitivity analysis, we tested the segmentation algorithm on both raw uncalibrated images and calibrated images using Fiji ImageJ software. We found that the proposed algorithm could efficiently identify cells and cell boundaries to overcome the background noise. Finally, statistical analysis showed the differentiation index had low percentage matching between the proposed method and the manual counting method.
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Spehar, Martin Edward Jr. "Numerical Simulations of Thin-Film Solar Cells with Novel Architectures." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1626276515324644.
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Ahmadi, Rahmataba Kaveh. "Advances in calculation of minimum miscibility pressure." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3237.
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Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a key parameter in the design of gas flooding. There are experimental and computational methods to determine MMP. Computational methods are fast and convenient alternatives to otherwise slow and expensive experimental procedures. This research focuses on the computational aspects of MMP estimation. It investigates the shortcomings of the current computational models and offers ways to improve the robustness of MMP estimation. First, we develop a new mixing cell method of estimating MMP that, unlike previous "mixing cell" methods, uses a variable number of cells and is independent of gas-oil ratio, volume of the cells, excess oil volumes, and the amount of gas injected. The new method relies entirely on robust P-T flash calculations using any cubic equation-of-state (EOS). We show that mixing cell MMPs are comparable with those of other analytical and experimental methods, and that our mixing cell method finds all the key tie lines predicted by MOC; however, the method proved to be more robust and reliable than current analytical methods. Second, we identify a number of problems with analytical methods of MMP estimation, and demonstrate them using real oil characterization examples. We show that the current MOC results, which assume that shocks exist from one key tie line to the next may not be reliable and may lead to large errors in MMP estimation. In such cases, the key tie lines determined using the MOC method do not control miscibility, likely as a result of the onset of L₁-L₂-V behavior. We explain the problem with a simplified pseudo-ternary model and offer a procedure for determining when an error exists and for improving the results. Finally, we present a simple mathematical model for predicting the MMP of contaminated gas. Injection-gas compositions often vary during the life of a gasflood because of reinjection and mixing of fluids in situ. Determining the MMP by slim-tube or other methods for each possible variation in the gas-mixture composition is impractical. Our method gives an easy and accurate way to determine impure CO₂ MMPs for variable field solvent compositions on the basis of just a few MMPs. Alternatively, the approach could be used to estimate the enrichment level required to lower the MMP to a desired pressure.<br>text
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Liu, Yu-cheng, and 劉育誠. "A Research on the Fabrication of LTPS by the MIC Method for the Solar Cell." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3tys7r.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>光學電子工程研究所<br>96<br>In this research, the low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) thin films fabricated by the metal induced crystallization method are of interests for solar cells. The AIC (Aluminum Induced Crystallization) with Al replace methods will be make the amorphous silicon change into the type of polycrystalline silicon.We will further investigation to change the thickness of Al and Si, then how to influence the poly-Si. After finishing p-type seed layer, we will continue finish the making of the i-layer and n-layer. Observing the surface with the OM and FE-SEM. Analyzing the crystallization is poly-Si or not with Raman spectrum. Finding out about crystalline grain direction with the XRD. Measuring the carrier concentration and mobility with Hall measurement. Observing the roughness of surface with AFM. Observing the transmittance of thin film with UV/VIS.
As we make the thickness proportion of Al and Si is 1.48:1, annealing temperature(520℃) and annealing time(2hr), the result causes the grain size is about 20~25μm the most. The spectrum of Raman is strongest in intensity. The RMS is about 8.9nm. Subsequent i-layer and n-layer deal with through annealing or after the substrate is heated, there is crystallization inclination on the n-layer by observing of SEM. The direction of the lattice is identical with the poly-Si seed layer after measuring with XRD. It’s rougher than the surface of the seed layer by measuring with AFM.
We can make electrodes of aluminium and hafnium metal to succeed in measuring the necessary diode I-V curve.
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Wei, Shih-Jie, and 魏士傑. "A Research on the Fabrication of LTPS by the MIC method for the solar cell Applications." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86306441241442907426.
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碩士<br>雲林科技大學<br>光學電子工程研究所<br>96<br>In this research, the low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) thin films fabricated by the metal induced crystallization method are of interests for solar cells. The AIC (Aluminum Induced Crystallization) with metal induction or Al rechange methods will be make the non-crystalline silicon change into the type attitude of polycrystalline silicon. These LTPS thin films will be analyzed by the material and electrical measurements to optimize the fabricated processes.The first Solid Phase Crystallization methods will be apllied to the as-deposited a-Si thin film.The secends Aluminum Induced Crystallization methods will be apllied to the as-deposited a-Si thin film. Grow up on the glass and on the SiN thin film that do the discussion separately.
Results show the annealing temperature(520°C) and the annealing time(2hr).The lateral grain size observed from SEM graph is about 10~15μm. If bring out AIC grow up it on the SiN thin film. Find its superficial attitude changes and the crystallization crystalline grain is diminished. The poly-si thin film grow up on the SiN thin film. The aluminium atoms remain more phenomena. So influence the mobility and the bulk of the thin film. We study grow up the absorb layer. We grow up and absorb layer it after 900nm. The discovery has not been influenced the crystallization type attitude because of increasing in thickness.
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CHIANG, CHEN YU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT ON A SUPERCOMPUTER WITH INJECTION-PUMPING NETWORKS USING THE MODIFIED MOC AND MFE METHOD." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/15962.
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To prevent the deterioration of groundwater quality, mathematical simulation models have been formulated to predict the transport of contaminants in complex aquifer systems and to design remedial schemes for the problems.
Existing analytical and numerical approaches have serious disadvantages for large-scale nonhomogeneous field problems where well-pumping or injection is involved. The major difficulties relate to numerical dispersion and oscillations in highly advective-dominated simulations, computational accuracy, excessive computer expense, grid orientation problems, and an inability for simulating with random conductivity fields.
Recent work by Ewing, Russell, and Wheeler (1983) has produced a very efficient and accurate method for miscible displacement in oil reservoirs. Their concept was adapted and then applied to groundwater contaminant transport problems in this thesis. The highly efficient code combines a mixed finite element procedure for groundwater flow and a modified method of characteristics and finite element procedure (MMOC) for the parabolic transport equation. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method was used to solve the resulting matrices for both equations.
The method has been compared with two analytical solutions on a homogeneous domain. Excellent agreements were demonstrated through relative concentration contours and breakthrough curves. The method has also been compared with the currently popular USGS Solute Transport model. More accurate resolutions were achieved for the MMOC method than for the USGS Solute Transport model. In addition, much larger time steps were allowed in the MMOC method than the USGS Solute Transport model obtaining similar resolutions.
The method has been applied to highly advective-dominated problems on a CRAY-XMP supercomputer and the results showed there are no dispersion or oscillation problems common in many existing numerical codes. The method has also been used to simulate cases with random hydraulic conductivity fields that were simulated from Turning Bands Method. Fingering phenomena developed because the concentration front is transported more rapidly in the zones of higher hydraulic conductivity. The method has been shown to be superior in many respects to currently used models in groundwater transport, especially in the presence of strong pumping or injection centers or heterogeneities in the flow field.
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Natarajan, Kanmani. "A microfluidic method for selecting chemotactic stem cells." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30134.
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Stem cells hold great promise for treating various degenerative diseases. However, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical cell therapy studies are still not close to our expectation. The unsatisfactory outcomes of cell therapy are at least partially due to: 1) insufficient homing of implanted stem cells into target organs and 2) use of heterogeneous cell populations for cell therapy. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective guiding technique for stem cells to migrate to the target organs and to isolate effective stem cell populations. In this project, I developed a microfluidics-based method for selecting chemotactic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to epidermal growth factor (EGF). This method integrates cell patterning, chemotaxis and cell extraction on a single microfluidic device. Post-extraction analysis confirmed the higher chemotactic ability of the extracted cells to EGF. The extracted chemotactic ASCs shows up-regulated surface expression of EGF receptor and its downstream signaling event upon EGF stimulation.
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Liu, Hung-Chieh, and 劉宏傑. "An Improved Method For Counting Red Blood Cells." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70376862824802462104.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>資訊工程學系碩士班<br>103<br>Pulse coupled neural network (Pulse Coupled Neural Network, PCNN) is a new neural network evolved from traditional artificial neural network. and issued in1990 by Eckhornin accordance withthe sync pulse phenomenon of visual cortex of cats, monkeys and other animals.Related research and sustained developments have been widely used in image processing, target recognition, minimum path, and decision optimization. Image segmentation in the study of PCNN image processing technology, with similar neuronal input pulses occur simultaneously, for the image a little choppy and range obvious change inputs have a very effective remedy in order to retain a more complete picture regional information, which is the strength of image segmentation techniques, but when used PCNN image segmentation exist cycles of iterations can’t determine the problem.Through several experiments, PCNN image automatically wave propagation technology is found to be poor for segmentation of overlapped red blood cells and filter of small particles.
In order to improve the above disadvantages, this paper proposes another way of thinking,PCNN edge detection technology can becombined with Hough circle detection.After conducting several experiments, results show that this method is superior to the original PCNN image segmentation.It can indeed achieve the separation of overlapped red blood cells and to filter out tiny particles.Soit is more in line with human eyes visually in counting the number of red blood cells.
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Wang, Chun-Min, and 王俊閔. "High efficiency Organic solar cells by blade coating method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28824546181992054526.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>物理研究所<br>101<br>Blade coating method has been successfully applied to the bulk heterojunction organic solar cells，and the efficiency of the solar cell by blade coating method can be equivalent to the spin-coating slow drying process. We use the heater and hot air so that the solution to dry.The organic layer of the blade coating rapid drying in a short time. with the traditional spin - coating slow drying process comparison, this way not only can improve material utilization and can reduce the process time.
Therefore this process by an extension of materials used in high efficiency and lower toxicity of toluene as a solvent, in an attempt to develop a low toxicity and can be mass-produced organic solar cell process.
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DeRoche, Peter M. "A microjet-based reactant delivery method for PEM fuel cells." 2008. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07142008-121836.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2008.<br>Advisor: Anjaneyulu Krothapalli, Florida State University, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 17, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 95 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Huang, Yi-Hsien, and 黃議賢. "A Novel Spray Method for Flexible Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88826122369871997118.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>機電工程學系<br>101<br>In this thesis, instead of tradition coating method, a new spray method is applied for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The spray method is low-cost fabrication method. Films can be produced at the working electrode using a spray gun, an oil-free compressor, and a heat plate. Under the SEM observation, a spray method demonstrates a more uniform surface than the spin-coating and doctor blade methods. With the Taguchi method and L9 table, optimum control factors for the fabrication of DSSCs are found. The solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency is increased from 2.14% to 3.24%. W The efficiency of the DSSC is enhanced from 3.24% to 4.38% using a five-layer calcination technique. The spray method can widely spread the TiO2 paste on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) subtract, even on a curved substrate. The proposed spray method exhibits an efficient and simple manufacture technology of DSSCs with the advantage of low cost.
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Chen, Yen-lin, and 陳彥霖. "Fabrication of CuInSe2 Solar Cells by Using Spray Coating Method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45674644870351084535.
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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>化學工程及材料工程學系碩士班<br>101<br>The energy crisis and the global warming that has been more and more serious, so it is important to find the non-polluting source of energy. The solar cell is a popular green energy in recent years. The major development of the thin film solar cells including the copper indium selenide (CuInSe2, CIS) thin film solar cell and copper indium gallium selenide (CuInGaSe2, CIGS) solar cells. CIS and CIGS is unlike other thin film solar cells that the efficiency will not be affected after long sunlight. In addition, CIS and CIGS can also deposited on the stainless steel, plastic, glass, and cement substrate.
In this study, CIS thin films were deposited on the bi-layer molybdenum (Mo)/glass substrate by using the spray coating method. The CIS thin films were prepared by solution of the CIS nano-powder and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solution. The deposition thickness, sintering temperature, sintering time and the extra content of selenium powder were changed for the CIS thin films. After the CIS thin films were deposited, cadmium sulfur (CdS), intrinsic Znic Oxide (i-ZnO) and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) was deposited on CIS thin films. Form above results, the CIS solar cell was successfully fabricated by the AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIS/bi-layer Mo/Glass structure. The energy conversation efficiency of the CIS cell solar is 0.53 %, short-circuit current (ISC) is 0.469 mA, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.113 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 9.03 mA/cm2, fill factor (F.F.) of 52.25.