Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode de base réduite'
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Veys, Stéphane. "Un Framework de calcul pour la méthode des bases réduites : applications à des problèmes non-linéaire multi-physiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM069/document.
Full textToday, in many fields of applications, more and more engineering problems require to have an accurate and efficient evaluation of quantities of interest.Often, these quantities depend on a partial differential equation (PDE) parameterized solution -- physical or geometrical -- are the model inputs and the quantities of interest -- average values -- are the outputs.The order reduction techniques, including reduced basis method which is the method used throughout this work, can meet these demands.In this thesis, we focus on the establishment of a framework in C ++ supporting parallel computing, which applies the reduced basis method to nonlinear multiphysics problems such as problems with natural convection (fluid-thermal coupling) or the high field resistive magnet modeling (we limit ourselves to thermo-electric coupling) leading to a study on the uncertainty quantification.The reduced basis method naturally relies on an approximation obtained using the finite element discretization of the problem being treated. For this, we use the Feel ++ computation library specialized in PDE resolution.We are also interested by multiscale problems.The particularity of these problems is to manipulate a set of phenomena involving different scales, as this is the case for example when we consider a flow in porous media.The multiscale finite element method allows having a "global" behavior, linked with large scales, of the problem solution without solving it on small scales.We propose a new construction of multiscale finite element basis functions based on the reduced basis method
Soilahoudine, Moindzé. "Optimisation de structures aéronautiques : une nouvelle méthode à fidélité adaptative." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30322.
Full textThe surrogate based optimization method with adaptive enrichment (Efficient Global Optimization type approach) may, in spite of its strengths, be prohibitive in terms of computational cost when applied to large scale problems with several local minima. They require the resolution of a full numerical model for each simulation, which can lead to intractable studies or to simulation times incompatible with the times allotted for the design of a product. This PhD thesis falls within the scope of optimizing expensive simulator codes by using substitution models of the simulator. These substitutions models can be of two types: a metamodel or a reduced order model. We have proposed here a new methodology for global optimization of mechanical systems by coupling adaptive surrogate based optimization methods with the reduced order modeling methods. The surrogate based optimization methods aim to reduce the number of objective function evaluations while the reduced order model methods aim to reduce the dimensionality of a model and thus its computational cost. The objective of the methodology proposed in this thesis is thus to reduce the number of the objective function evaluations while at the same time significantly reducing the computational expense to the resolutions of the full mechanical model. The basic idea of the proposed approach resides in the adaptive construction the metamodel of the objective function. This construction fuses full and reduced order models and thus adapts the model fidelity to the accuracy requirements of the optimization at the current iteration. The efficiency of our proposed algorithms was illustrated on two types of applications: i. a problem of identification of orthotropic elastic constants from full field displacement measurements based on a tensile test on a plate with a hole ii. a problem of stiffness maximization of laminated plates. The results have shown that our methodology provides a significant speed-up in terms of computational cost, compared to the traditional EGO algorithm
Courtier, Vivien. "Réduction de modèle et simplification de l'intégration de loi de comportement pour la prévision de la durée de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00854149.
Full textMaineult, Alexis. "Application de la méthode du potentiel spontané à l'hydrogéologie : expérimentation sur modèle réduit d'aquifère." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011461.
Full textDes expériences de laboratoire ont donc été menées pour mesurer séparément et indépendamment la signature électrique de l'écoulement d'un fluide homogène, de la diffusion d'un front salin en conditions de fluide stagnant, du transport d'un front de concentration, et des réactions acide-base et redox. La partie principale du dispositif expérimental est un bac rectangulaire de dimensions décimétriques, rempli de sable, connecté hydrauliquement à deux réservoirs indépendants, permettant de générer des écoulements uni ou bi-dimensionnels. Pour mesurer le signal, des électrodes impolarisables au cuivre – sulfate de cuivre, de diamètre réduit, ont été mises au point.
Les résultats démontrent la capacité de la PS pour suivre la progression de fronts de concentration. La réponse électrique à la diffusion est due au potentiel de jonction fluide. La réponse à l'advection est la somme de ce potentiel et de la variation du signal électrocinétique qui résulte des modifications du coefficient de couplage en fonction de la conductivité du fluide (advection de sels) ou du pH (advection d'acide). Lorsque deux fluides se mélangent ou réagissent, la comparaison des courbes de PS dans les différentes zones permet de déterminer l'extension et l'évolution temporelle de la zone de mélange ou de réaction. L'hétérogénéité du milieu, structurelle et chimique, semble aussi jouer un grand rôle.
Bel, Liliane. "Sur la réduction des modèles linéaires : analyse de données en automatique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112306.
Full textTwo state space model reduction methods are studied: aggregation method and the balanced state space representation method. In the case of aggregation a new method of selecting eigenvalues is proposed, which is both geometrical and sequential. Problems of robustness of aggregation are evoked and resolved in some particular cases. The balanced state space representation is approached by means of contralibility and observability degrees. The notion of perturbability degree is introduced. Then we study the application of those two methods to reduced order compensator design. The two methods are finally applied to the system representing the launch booster Ariane flying
Hoareau, Christophe. "Vibrations hydroélastiques de réservoirs élastiques couplés à un fluide interne incompressible à surface libre autour d’un état précontraint." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1241/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on the calculation by the finite element method of the dynamic behavior of prestressed elastic tanks containing an internal liquid with a free surface. We consider that the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the incompressible internal fluid on the flexible walls of the tank causes large displacements, thus leading to a geometric non-linear equilibrium state. The change of stiffness related to this prestressed state induces a shift in the resonance frequencies of the coupled linear vibration problem. The main objective of the work is therefore to estimate, through precise and efficient numerical approaches, the influence of geometric nonlinearities on the hydroelastic behavior of the reservoir/internal liquid system around different equilibrium configurations. The methodology developed is carried out in two stages. The first one consists in calculating the non-linear static state by a total Lagrangian finite element approach.The action of the fluid on the structure is modelled here by hydrostatic following forces. The second step is the calculation of linearized coupled vibrations. In particular, an original reduced order model is proposed to limit the calculation costs associated with the estimation of the added mass effect. Finally, various examples are proposed and compared with results from the literature (from numerical simulations or experimental tests) to show the effectiveness and validity of the different numerical approaches developed in this work
Hammond, Janelle K. "Méthodes des bases réduites pour la modélisation de la qualité de l'air urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1230/document.
Full textThe principal objective of this thesis is the development of low-cost numerical tools for spatial mapping of pollutant concentrations from field observations and advanced deterministic models. With increased pollutant emissions and exposure due to mass urbanization and development worldwide, air quality measurement campaigns and epidemiology studies of the association between air pollution and adverse health effects have become increasingly common. However, as air pollution concentrations are highly variable spatially and temporally, the sensitivity and accuracy of these epidemiology studies is often deteriorated by exposure misclassi cation due to poor estimates of individual exposures. Data assimilation methods incorporate available measurement data and mathematical models to provide improved approximations of the concentration. These methods, when based on an advanced deterministic air quality models (AQMs), could provide spatially-rich small-scale approximations and can enable better estimates of effects and exposures. However, these methods can be computationally expensive. They require repeated solution of the model, which could itself be costly. In this work we investigate a combined reduced basis (RB) data assimilation method for use with advanced AQMs on urban scales. We want to diminish the cost of resolution, using RB arguments, and incorporate measurement data to improve the quality of the solution. We extend the Parameterized-Background Data-Weak (PBDW) method to physically-based AQMs. This method can rapidly estimate "online" pollutant concentrations at urban scale, using available AQMs in a non-intrusive and computationally effcient manner, reducing computation times by factors up to hundreds. We apply this method in case studies representing urban residential pollution of PM2.5, and we study the stability of the method depending on the placement or air quality sensors. Results from the PBDW are compared to the Generalized Empirical Interpolation Method (GEIM) and a standard inverse problem, the adjoint method, in order to measure effciency of the method. This comparison shows possible improvement in precision and great improvement in computation cost with respect to classical methods. We fi nd that the PBDW method shows promise for the real-time reconstruction of a pollution eld in large-scale problems, providing state estimation with approximation error generally under 10% when applied to an imperfect model
Bai, Ruqing. "Numerical modeling of isotropic and composites structures using a shell-based peridynamic method." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2482.
Full textThis thesis introduces some new complements and improvments for the Bond-Based Peridynamics theory concerning the numerical modeling of thin structures such as beams and plates, isotropic and multilayer composites subjected to dynamic loading. Our developments have been focused mainly on exploring the possibilities offered by the Peridynamic method, which has been widely applied in various engineering domains where strong or weak discontinuities may occur such as cracks or heterogeneous media. The generalization procedure of the Peridynamics method for the modeling of Timoshenko beam structures and Reissner-Mindlin plate structures respectively with a wide range of thickness to length ratio starting from thick structures to very thin structures is given. And A simplified low velocity impact based on the developed Peridynamic model for Timoshenko beam and ReissnerMindlin plate has been proposed by using a specific contact procedure for the estimation of the impact load. The originality of the present method was the introduction for the first time of two techniques for the alleviation of the shear locking problem which arises in thin beam and plate structures, namely the reduced (or selective) integration method and mixed formulation. The resulting Peridynamic model for Timoshenko beam structures and Reissner-Mindlin plate structures is efficient and does not suffer from any shear locking phenomenon. Besides, the generalization procedure of Peridynamic method for the modeling of fiber-reinforced thin composite structures is introduced. The Peridynamic approach for the modeling of a lamina is firstly validated in the quasi-statics including a crack propagation prediction problems subjected to mechanical loading conditions and then the Peridynamic method was further extended to analyze fiber-reinforced thin composite structures using the fundamental lamina theory. Finally, several applications involving fiber-reinforced thin composite structures and numerical results were validated by comparison to the FEM solution obtained using commercial software or to reference solutions from the literature. In all applications, the Peridynamics shows that results are matching perfectly the reference solutions, which proves its efficiency potentiality especially for crack paths simulation in isotropic and composite structures
Pham, Thi Trang Nhung. "Méthodes numériques pour l'équation de Vlasov réduite." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD051/document.
Full textMany numerical methods have been developed in order to selve the Vlasov equation, because computing precise simulations in a reasonable time is a real challenge. This equation describes the time evolution of the distribution function of charged particles (electrons/ions), which depends on 3 variables in space, 3 in velocity and time. The main idea of this thesis is to rewrite the Vlasov equation in the form of a hyperbolic system using a semi-discretization of the velocity. This semi-discretization is achieved using the finite element method. The resulting model is called the reduced Vlasov equation. We propose different numerical methods to salve this new model efficiently: finite volume methods, semi-Lagrangian methods and discontinuous Galerkin methods
Moreau, Antoine. "Calcul des propriétés homogénéisées de transfert dans les matériaux poreux par des méthodes de réduction de modèle : Application aux matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS024.
Full textIn this thesis, we manage to combine two existing tools in mechanics: periodic homogenization, and reduced-order modelling, to modelize corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Indeed, chloride and carbonate diffusion take place their pores and eventually oxydate their steel skeleton. The simulation of this degradation is difficult to afford because of both the material heterogenenity, and its microstructure variability. Periodic homogenization provides a multiscale model which takes care of the first of these issues. Nevertheless, it assumes the existence of a representative elementary volume (REV) of the material at the microscopical scale. I order to afford the microstructure variability, we must solve the equations which arise from periodic homogenization in a reduced time. This motivates the use of model order reduction, and especially the POD. In this work we design geometrical transformations that transport the original homogenization equations on the fluid domain of a unique REV. Indeed, the POD method can’t be directly performed on a variable geometrical space like the material pore network. Secondly, we adapt model order reduction to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, which is strongly nonlinear, and which rules ionic electro diffusion at the Debye length scale. Finally, we combine these new methods to other existing tools in model order reduction (ITSGM interpolatin, MPS method), in order to couple the micro- and macroscopic components of periodic homogenization
Aghili, Joubine. "Résolution numérique d'équations aux dérivées partielles à coefficients variables." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT250/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis deals with different aspects of the numerical resolution of Partial Differential Equations.The first chapter focuses on the Mixed High-Order method (MHO). It is a last generation mixed scheme capable of arbitrary order approximations on general meshes. The main result of this chapter is the equivalence between the MHO method and a Hybrid High-Order (HHO) primal method.In the second chapter, we apply the MHO/HHO method to problems in fluid mechanics. We first address the Stokes problem, for which a novel inf-sup stable, arbitrary-order discretization on general meshes is obtained. Optimal error estimates in both energy- and L2-norms are proved. Next, an extension to the Oseen problem is considered, for which we prove an error estimate in the energy norm where the dependence on the local Péclet number is explicitly tracked.In the third chapter, we analyse a hp version of the HHO method applied to the Darcy problem. The resulting scheme enables the use of general meshes, as well as varying polynomial orders on each face.The dependence with respect to the local anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient is explicitly tracked in both the energy- and L2-norms error estimates.In the fourth and last chapter, we address a perspective topic linked to model order reduction of diffusion problems with a parametric dependence. Our goal is in this case to understand the impact of the choice of the variational formulation (primal or mixed) used for the projection on the reduced space on the quality of the reduced model
El, Othmani Abdelaziz. "Contribution à la modélisation réduite des transferts conjugués dans les canaux." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2348.
Full textCouplet, Mathieu. "Modélisation POD-Galerkine réduite pour le contrôle des écoulements instationnaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142745.
Full textreposent sur la résolution d'un problème d'optimisation, sont développées afin de pouvoir calculer automatiquement des modèles
réduits fiables pour un coût informatique raisonnable.
Enfin, le dernier chapitre est consacré au problème du contrôle d'écoulements par des actionneurs de soufflage ou d'aspiration : les stratégies d'exploitation de la modélisation POD-Galerkine pour le contrôle sont abordées, puis des investigations numériques sont présentées.
Baudry, Laurent. "Etude théorique du transport électronique dans des structures à dimensionnalité réduite : application à la simulation Monte-Carlo d'hétérostructures pseudomorphiques." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10102.
Full textVassoilles, Clémentine. "Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de classification à base de copules." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7328/1/030619119.pdf.
Full textKibangou, Alain Y. "Modèles de volterra à complexité réduite : estimation paramétrique et application à l'égalisation des canaux de communication." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190985.
Full textMandallena, Céline. "Elaboration et application d'une méthode d'évaluation et d'amélioration de la qualité environnementale de bâtiments tertiaires en exploitation." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13207.
Full textLevasseur, Séverine. "Analyse Inverse en Géotechnique: développement d'une méthode à base d'algorithmes génétiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185671.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de développer une méthode d'analyse inverse permettant d'identifier l'ensemble des paramètres constitutifs d'un sol à partir de mesures géotechniques in situ. La procédure est basée sur un processus d'optimisation par algorithme génétique. L'ensemble des solutions identifiées sont ensuite décrites mathématiquement par une étude statistique de type analyse en composantes principales. Cette étude montre que ce type d'optimisation par algorithme génétique permet d'estimer différentes solutions approchées pour les problèmes inverses de géotechnique. Si toutes les solutions d'un problème ne sont pas identifiées directement par l'algorithme génétique, leur exploitation par une analyse en composantes principales permet d'estimer l'ensemble des solutions du problème inverse. Cette méthode est développée sur des exemples d'ouvrages de soutènement et d'essais pressiométriques.
Biennier, Frédérique. "Modélisation d'une base d'hyperdocuments et méthode connexionniste d'aide a la navigation." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0104.
Full textHyperdocument bases must at least be as easy to use as paper documents. One of the readers' major problem is to select a path, from a myriad of browsing possibilities along the defined links, adapted to their own goals in order to reach the information they need. First, we propose a ,storage model for the hyperdocument base. By splitting the structure in three levels and an heavy use of persistent trees in each level, redundancy is avoided and several kinds of version can be stored. Then, the documentary base is coupled to an associative epigenetic neural network. By running this network, according to particular activation rules, a path adapted to the users' defined needs is dynamically built. By this way, the system proposes the answers and their organizations which seem to best fit the users' needs. By using several simple parameters, the users control totally the system and they can adjust the answers to their particular needs by several refinements
Casenave, Fabien, and Fabien Casenave. "Méthodes de réduction de modèles appliquées à des problèmes d'aéroacoustique résolus par équations intégrales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00961528.
Full textAskouk, Lahcen. "Mise au point d'une méthode de transformation génétique de l'épinard (Spinacia oleracea L. ) en vue de l'obtention de plantes à teneur réduite en nitrate." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2031.
Full textHama, Meriem. "Glissements de terrain : base de données et méthode des perturbations en 3D." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0006.
Full textConsideration of natural hazards is not new. Management of these risks is developed little by little. The subject of research has been made in the context of a project W. A. S. S. S. (Wide Area Slope Stability Server). This server is support to a database, regrouping cases of landslides and relative information. This database is interest because the collection of data will serve to studies of risks. In its second part, this work of research approaches some stability methods of slopes, and proposes the extension of the method of perturbations in 3D, that we have applied on two cases: case theoretical of Ugaï (1988), and a real case, the landslide of Salle Beaumont (Isere), that in 1994 bad made four victims. This landslide occurred on a zone declared without apparent risk
Miomandre, Fabien. "Étude de processus électrochimiques non réversibles par une méthode à base d'opérateurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10163.
Full textWahl, Jean-Baptiste. "The Reduced basis method applied to aerothermal simulations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD024/document.
Full textWe present in this thesis our work on model order reduction for aerothermal simulations. We consider the coupling between the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and an advection-diffusion equation for the temperature. Since the physical parameters induce high Reynolds and Peclet numbers, we have to introduce stabilization operators in the formulation to deal with the well known numerical stability issue. The chosen stabilization, applied to both fluid and heat equations, is the usual Streamline-Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) which add artificial diffusivity in the direction of the convection field. We also introduce our order reduction strategy for this model, based on the Reduced Basis Method (RBM). To recover an affine decomposition for this complex model, we implemented a discrete variation of the Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM) which is a discrete version of the original EIM. This variant allows building an approximated affine decomposition for complex operators such as in the case of SUPG. We also use this method for the non-linear operators induced by the shock capturing method. The construction of an EIM basis for non-linear operators involves a potentially huge number of non-linear FEM resolutions - depending on the size of the sampling. Even if this basis is built during an offline phase, we usually can not afford such expensive computational cost. We took advantage of the recent development of the Simultaneous EIM Reduced basis algorithm (SER) to tackle this issue
Crestaux, Thierry. "Méthode adaptative d'intégration multi-dimensionnelle et sélection d'une base de Polynômes de Chaos." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132046.
Full textChakir, Rachida. "Contribution à l'analyse numérique de quelques problèmes en chimie quantique et mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459149.
Full textChakroun, Chedlia. "Contribution à la définition d'une méthode de conception de bases de données à base ontologique." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904117.
Full textBoussinot, Guillaume. "Etude du vieillissement des superalliages à base nickel par la méthode de champs de phase." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066575.
Full textGalliet, Isabelle. "Une version parallèle des méthodes asymptotiques numériques : application à des structures complexes à base d'élastomères." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22083.
Full textOlive, Xavier. "Approche intégrée à base de modèles pour le diagnostic hors ligne et la conception : application au domaine de l'automobile." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30255.
Full textNedjar, Sébastien. "Cubes émergents pour l'analyse des renversements de tendance dans les base de données multidimensionnelles." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22088.pdf.
Full textDiscovering trend reversals between two data cubes provides users with a novel and interesting knowledge when the real world context fluctuates : what is new? Which trends appear or emerge? Which tendencies are immersing or disappear? With the concept of Emerging Cube, we capture such trend reversals by enforcing an emergence constraint. We resume the classical borders fot eh Emerging Cube and introduce a new one which optimiszes both storage space and computation time, provides a simple characterization of the size Emerging Cubes, as well as classification and cube navigation tools. We soundly state the connection between the classical and proposed borders by using cube transversals. Knowing the size of Emerging Cubes without computing them is of great interest in particular for adjusting at best the underlying emergence constraint. We address the issue by studying an upper bound and characterization the exact size of Ermerging Cubes. We propose two strategies for quickly estimate their size : one based on analytical estimation, without database access, and one based on probabilistic counting using the proposed borders as the input of the near-optimal algorithm HyperLogLog. Due to the efficiency of the estimation algorithm various iterations can be performed to calibrate at the best the emergence constraint. Moreover, we propose reduced and lossless representations of the Emerging Cube by using the concept of cube closure. Finally we perform experiments for different data distributions in order to measure on one hand the size on the introduced condensed and concise representations and on the other hand the performance (accuracy and computation time) of the proposed estimation method
Casenave, Fabien. "Méthodes de réduction de modèles appliquées à des problèmes d'aéroacoustique résolus par équations intégrales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1076/document.
Full textThis thesis has two topics : numerical methods for acoustic wave propagation in a flow and reduced order models. In the first topic, we develop a coupled finite element and boundary element method to solve the convected Helmholtz equation, when the flow is uniform outside a bounded domain. In particular, we propose a formulation that is well-posed at all the frequencies of the source. In the second topic, we propose a solution to the classical problem of round-off error accumulation that occurs when computing the a posteriori error bound in the reduced basis method. Furthermore, we propose a non intrusive method for the approximation, in a separated representation form, of linear systems resulting from the finite-dimensional approximation of boundary-value problems depending on one or several parameters
Ovsyannikov, Andrey. "Nouveau développement de la méthode Level Set sur la base d'une équation modifiée de suivi d'interface." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0013/document.
Full textThe level set method was introduced by Osher & Sethian (1988) as a general technique to capture moving interfaces. It has been used to study crystal growth, to simulate water and fire for computer graphics applications, to study two-phase flows and in many other fields. The wellknown problem of the level set method is the following: if the flow velocity is not constant, the level set scalar may become strongly distorted. Thus, the numerical integration may suffer from loss of accuracy. In level set methods, this problem is remedied by the reinitialization procedure, i.e. by reconstruction of the level set function in a way to satisfy the eikonal equation. We propose an alternative approach. We modify directly the level set equation by embedding a source term. The exact expression of this term is such that the eikonal equation is automatically satisfied. Furthermore on the interface, this term is equal to zero. In the meantime, the advantage of our approach is this: the exact expression of the source term allows for the possibility of derivation of its local approximate forms, of first-and-higher order accuracy. Compared to the extension velocity method, this may open the simplifications in realization of level set methods. Compared to the standard approach with the reinitialization procedure, this may give the economies in the number of level set re-initializations, and also, due to reduced number of reinitializations, one may expect an improvement in resolution of zero-set level. Hence, the objective of the present dissertation is to describe and to assess this approach in different test cases
Dian, Ahmed. "Développement d'une méthode variationnelle en base de B-splines pour la résolution de problèmes vibrationnels moléculaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211464.
Full textDelemar, Olivier. "Reconnaissance de la parole par une méthode hybride : texte imprimé : Réseaux markoviens et base de règles." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0052.
Full textPetite, Hervé. "Etude d'une nouvelle méthode de réticulation (dite aux acyl-azides) de biomatériaux à base de collagène." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10023.
Full textMota, Jean-Marc. "Méthodes formelles pour la modélisation géométrique à base topologique : définitions et algorithmes avec la méthode B." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0009.
Full textThe B method is a formal specification language used in order to develop critical systems. We used this language to develop complex softwares called modellers. These softwares allow to handle and create computer-generated images. Our work consists in the formalization and the proof of a topology-based modeller kernel and of a complex operation which is the topological part of the rounding operation. It teaches us the limits and difficulties of the approach which consists in translating mathematical definitions directly into formal specifications. Nevertheless, we proposed another approach based on an extension of the B method called event B. We used it successfully to specify a geometrical algorithm which calculates the subdivision of the plan corresponding to a set of lines. In conclusion, the method B seems to be adapted to geometric modelling: the experience deserves to be continued
Pan, Jingjing. "Estimation des temps de retard et localisation de sources avec des systèmes Radar." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4016/document.
Full textSource localization (in far-field or in nearfield) and time-delay estimation have many practical applications. To locate a far-field source from a sensor array, only the direction of arrival (DOA) of the source is necessary. When the sources are in a nearfield situation, the wavefront of the signal is spherical and two parameters are needed to locate the sources: the direction of arrival and the distance between the source and the sensors. In this thesis, we focus on the localization of sources (both in far-field and nearfield) as well as the estimation of time-delay in the context where the signals are coherent, overlapped and with a small number of snapshots. First, we propose to combine the theory of the SVR method (support vector regression, which is a supervised learning-based regression method) with the theory of forward-backward linear prediction (FBLP). The proposed method, called FBLP-SVR, is developed for two applications: far-field source localization and time-delay estimation by using ground penetrating radar. The proposed method is evaluated by simulations and experiments. We also propose a near-field source localization method in the context where the signals are coherent and overlapped. The proposed method is based on a focusing technique, a spatial smoothing preprocessing, and a subspace method in the estimation of DOA. Then, the distances between the sources and sensors are estimated with the maximum likelihood method
Tilotta, Françoise. "Contribution à la reconstitution faciale en médecine légale : proposition d’une nouvelle méthode statistique." Université de Paris-Sud. UFR STAPS d'Orsay (Essonne), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113002.
Full textIn recent years, the development of IT and medical imaging has had a major impact on facial reconstruction. New strategies have been proposed to reconstitute the morphology of a face from the observation of a skull. Usually, these techniques are based either on few landmark measurements or on the use of templates associated to the face and the skull. In our work, we choose a local and individual approach based on the used of dense meshes associated to a large collection of landmarks directly extracted from CT-scans. Our method allows to reconstruct local features on the skull like the nose with a good accuracy. We first built a database with 47 CT-Scan using whole head performed on 47 volunteers European women aged from 20 to 40 years. Our image processing includes 1/ the segmentation of both skull and external skin surface for each slice; 2/ the construction of two 3D surfaces by meshing curves on successive slices. Then 39 landmarks are manually located on each skull mesh. Our image processing step allows to compute geodesics on the meshed surface and extract anatomically identified feature from the bone surface (bone patch). Using registration techniques it is possible to construct a distance between individual features on the skull (bone patch) and to compute average of the corresponding skin features. We have derived two approaches to compute such average of skin features : one is based on the extraction of skin thickness, the second is based on the extraction of the external skin surface
Jemal, Ellouze Fatma. "Modélisation du comportement thermomécanique d'un alliage à mémoire de forme à base de fer type Fe-Mn-Si." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10135/document.
Full textIt is well known that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a particular class of materials that can recover a memorized shape by simple heating. This remarkable property, called the Shape Memory Effect (SME), can be exploited in the design of original applications in order to find attractive solutions to problems encountered in various industrial fields. We propose a thermo-mechanical three-dimensional constitutive law adapted to Fe-based shape memory alloys. It takes into account the effect of the martensitic transformation and the plastic slip mechanisms and their interaction. The adopted formulation is based on a simplified micromechanical description. The macroscopic behaviour is derived by considering the equivalent homogeneous effect on a representative volume element. The Gibbs free energy expression is defined. Thermodynamic driving forces are then derived and compared to critical forces leading to the constitutive equations solved by Newton–Raphson numerical scheme. Obtained results for thermo-mechanical loadings are compared to experimental ones
Trojet, Mohamed Wassim. "Approche de vérification formelle des modèles DEVS à base du langage Z." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30040.
Full textThe general framework of the thesis consists in improving the verification and the validation of simulation models through the integration of formal methods. We offered an approach of formal verification of DEVS models based on Z language. DEVS is a formalism that allows the description and analysis of the behavior of discrete event systems, ie systems whose state change depends on the occurrence of an event. A DEVS model is essentially validated by the simulation which permits to verify if it correctly describes the behavior of the system. However, the simulation does not detect the presence of a possible inconsistency in the model (conflict, ambiguity or incompleteness). For this reason, we have integrated a formal specification language, known as Z, in the DEVS formalism. This integration consists in: (1) transforming a DEVS model into an equivalent Z specification and (2) verifying the consistency of the resulting specification using the tools developed by the Z community. Thus, a DEVS model is subjected to an automatic formal verification before its simulation
Ben, Souf Mohamed Amine. "Approche stochastique à base de modes d'ondes : théorie et applications en moyennes et hautes fréquences." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDL0035/document.
Full textThe prediction of dynamic behavior of structures is an important task in the design step of any mechanical product. There are many factors affecting the choice of the used methods. For a dynamic system, the frequency band under study is one of the important parameters since for each frequency range exists its appropriate approach which can be quickly inapplicable in other domains. For example, the high frequency methods are very limited in the lower part of the spectrum. Similarly, the so-called low-frequency methods become numerically inefficient if it goes up in frequency range. The mid-frequencies then represent the high-frequencies for global and low frequencies for local methods. Knowing that uncertainties play an important role on the vibro-acoustics behavior in mid-frequencies, the presented work is a contribution to the research approach, with inexpensive computing time, allowing the extension of a local method, called ’the wave finite element method’, in this frequency band. These contributions consist in taking into account uncertainties in the studied system to evaluate the dispersion of all parameters (spectral, diffusion, dynamics, etc.) and their effects on the global response (kinematic and energetic) of the structure. The presented work can be divided into two main parts. The first one involves the development of an explicit and direct formulation describing the dispersion of different parameters; this part is based on the first-order perturbation method. The second part is a generalization of the first one; indeed, using the chaos polynomial projection of all random variables allows a more general assessment of the effects of uncertainties on the dynamics of periodic structure in mid-frequency range
Leyni-Barbaz, Daniel. "Développement d'une méthode de dosage du mercure dans l'air à base d'hopcalite par analyse par activation neutronique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65562.pdf.
Full textHamon, Dominique. "Préparation par la méthode des sels fondus de supports à base de zircone : application aux catalyseurs sulfures." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10177.
Full textCallen, Olivier. "Nouvelle méthode d'investigation par effet Hall des états d'interface dans les composants à base d'hétérostructures III-V." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20029.
Full textMessager, Cyrielle. "Datation par la méthode du radiocarbone de pigments et peintures anciennes à base de blanc de plomb." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ005.
Full textRadiocarbon dating is one of the analytical methods used in archaeology and art history to determine the age of an object made up of materials from living organisms. Today, in the field of the arts, and particularly for paintings, the supports in wood, canvas or paper, and recently the binders of plant and animal origin are the only constituents of painted works accessible to this technique. However, the results coming from the supports do not always reflect the date of creation of the artwork because of the common reuse of these materials. In addition, the binder is not always organic or present in sufficient quantities. Finding other materials that can be dated by 14C is therefore important to authenticate a painting. Except black carbon made from charcoal or bone, most of the others constituents of the paint layers are not appropriate because they are generally inorganic pigments, extracted from natural ores and depleted in 14C.Lead white is a synthesized inorganic pigment, widely used from Antiquity to the very beginning of the 20th century. The study of the mechanism of its synthesis has recently highlighted the role of carbon dioxide in the formation of cerussite and hydrocerussite, the two lead carbonates that compose this pigment. Thus, by considering the incorporation of carbon during the synthesis, lead white seems to be a potential candidate for radiocarbon dating and for the authentication of painted artworks.This thesis work consisted in setting up experimental protocols based on the measurement of carbon isotopes (13C and 14C) in lead white based pigments and paints in order to test this hypothesis. A protocol for the extraction of carbon from lead carbonates was developed and adapted to the nature and complexity of the materials studied, raw or filled pigment and paint. The study is based on the thermal decomposition properties of lead carbonates and allows to determine the best conditions for carbon extraction. This method was then tested and validated on a large panel of model samples and historical samples of know age. In addition, the carbon isotopic data were related to the historical recipes and made it possible to discriminate between the different lead white production processes.This thesis demonstrates that lead white is an inorganic pigment that can be radiocarbon dated. The 14C measurement provides information on the date of its manufacture. The approach and protocols presented for this study could also be adapted to other inorganic paint pigments containing organic carbon, thus increasing the number of available materials for dating and authenticating pictorial works of art
Boucard, Didier. "Une méthode de reconstitution de scènes 3D fondée sur une base de connaissances : application à l'architecture classique." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2121.
Full textEven if computer generated images are realistic, their modeling remains long because the user has to give the system (sometimes) implicit data on the domain. The use of a system using domain knowledge could be useful. This thesis goal is to study if such a knowledge-based system is feasible and what are the advantages of this kind of tools. After having identified different abstraction layers in such an approach and shown their application to an identified domain, we have shown their interaction. The chosen domain is the classical architecture and knowledge representation uses the conceptual graphs formalism. Benefits of such an approach are: a description with the user's terms, domain rules are automatically respected, the manipulation of incompletely described concepts and a lightening of the software use due to the use of domaine knowledge
Kempf, Jean-Yves. "Détermination des propriétés électroniques des oxydes de métaux de transition à base de vanadium." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10194.
Full textAmirouche, Nesrine. "Dispositifs absorbants à base de matériaux à double porosité dans des champs acoustiques complexes." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0039/these.pdf.
Full textThe use of acoustic porous material in absorbent systems is common, for example in domains such as building, aircraft end automotive industries, public areas and environmental equipments, or in factories (machine enclosure, industrial premises). Porous materials often have a good performance in middle and high frequencies, but have less performance in low frequencies, where most of the noise sources met in domains mentioned bave have an important energy in this frequency range. A mean to improve the performance of porous materials is the use of double porosity concept. Lt has been demonstrated that under certain conditions the meso-perforated materials have better absorption performances in low frequency range, when they are exited by a plane waves of normal incidence and cou pied to a rigid wall. Ln real conditions, the acoustic fields are more complex, and the porous materials are often coupled to other elements as flexible supports or screens. Thus it is important to take into account the interaction between meso-perforated material and those elements, along with the acoustic field type, to have the best performance evaluation of absorbent systems based on this concept
Aiouaz, Ouanès. "Base de décomposition appliquée à la dosimétrie RF et à la gestion des incertitudes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066651.
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