Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Método topsis'

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T21:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 194194.pdf: 2344514 bytes, checksum: 26281b3ebd4a47a36d8b8ae8733b31ac (MD5)<br>Na busca do desenvolvimento de fármacos com interesse terapêutico Na busca do desenvolvimento de fármacos com interesse terapêutico foram sintetizadas séries de ácidos N-fenilsuccinâmicos, N-fenilmaleâmicos, N-fenilcitraconâmicos, N-fenilitaconâmicos, N-fenilftalâmicos e N-fenilcitraconimidas. Esses compostos foram submetidos a ensaios toxicológicos frente às larvas de Artemia salina, determinando-se a correlação entre estrutura e atividade segundo o método manual de Topliss.57 Estudou-se o potencial analgésico das citraconimidas, trabalhando-se com a hipótese de que estas sejam pró-fármacos. Por isso, foram realizados testes de formalina das -N-fenilcitraconimidas, dos ácidos N-fenilcitraconâmicos, comparando-se o efeito entre as duas classes de compostos. Estudou-se também a estereosseletividade da reação entre o anidrido citracônico e o anidrido itacônico com anilinas, caracterizando-se os produtos formados.

Ce mémoire contient des résultats de recherche en géométrie complexe et en géométrie CR. Les sujets comprennent les limites de degré pour les hypersurfaces dans les problèmes liés à l'hyperbolicité de Kobayashi, problèmes d'équivalence et construction de formes normales pour certaines classes d'hypersurfaces 5-dimensionnelles dégénérées de Levi dans des espaces complexes et des enquêtes sur le lieu de disparition des courbures de Cartan CR aux limites de certains Des collecteurs CR 3-dimensionnels. Le thème commun est l'utilisation de jets plus hauts dans diverses situations géométriques pour étudier les invariants des objets géométriques, et l'utilisation extensive de programmes de calcul symbolique pour aider aux calculs compliqués<br>This memoir contains research results in complex geometry and CR geometry. The topics include degree bounds for hypersurfaces in Kobayashi hyperbolicity related problems, equivalence problems and construction of normal forms for certain classes of Levi degenerate 5-dimensional hypersurfaces in complex spaces and investigations on the vanishing locus of Cartan CR curvatures on boundaries of some 3-dimensional CR manifolds. The common theme is the use of higher jets in diverse geometric situations to investigate invariants of geometric objects, and the extensive use of symbolic computational programs to help with complicated calculations

Les modèles linéaires latents sont des modèles statistique puissants pour extraire la structure latente utile à partir de données non structurées par ailleurs. Ces modèles sont utiles dans de nombreuses applications telles que le traitement automatique du langage naturel et la vision artificielle. Pourtant, l'estimation et l'inférence sont souvent impossibles en temps polynomial pour de nombreux modèles linéaires latents et on doit utiliser des méthodes approximatives pour lesquelles il est difficile de récupérer les paramètres. Plusieurs approches, introduites récemment, utilisent la méthode des moments. Elles permettent de retrouver les paramètres dans le cadre idéalisé d'un échantillon de données infini tiré selon certains modèles, mais ils viennent souvent avec des garanties théoriques dans les cas où ce n'est pas exactement satisfait. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les méthodes d'estimation fondées sur l'appariement de moment pour différents modèles linéaires latents. L'utilisation d'un lien étroit avec l'analyse en composantes indépendantes, qui est un outil bien étudié par la communauté du traitement du signal, nous présentons plusieurs modèles semiparamétriques pour la modélisation thématique et dans un contexte multi-vues. Nous présentons des méthodes à base de moment ainsi que des algorithmes pour l'estimation dans ces modèles, et nous prouvons pour ces méthodes des résultats de complexité améliorée par rapport aux méthodes existantes. Nous donnons également des garanties d'identifiabilité, contrairement à d'autres modèles actuels. C'est une propriété importante pour assurer leur interprétabilité<br>Latent linear models are powerful probabilistic tools for extracting useful latent structure from otherwise unstructured data and have proved useful in numerous applications such as natural language processing and computer vision. However, the estimation and inference are often intractable for many latent linear models and one has to make use of approximate methods often with no recovery guarantees. An alternative approach, which has been popular lately, are methods based on the method of moments. These methods often have guarantees of exact recovery in the idealized setting of an infinite data sample and well specified models, but they also often come with theoretical guarantees in cases where this is not exactly satisfied. In this thesis, we focus on moment matchingbased estimation methods for different latent linear models. Using a close connection with independent component analysis, which is a well studied tool from the signal processing literature, we introduce several semiparametric models in the topic modeling context and for multi-view models and develop moment matching-based methods for the estimation in these models. These methods come with improved sample complexity results compared to the previously proposed methods. The models are supplemented with the identifiability guarantees, which is a necessary property to ensure their interpretability. This is opposed to some other widely used models, which are unidentifiable

Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique des Langues et vise à optimiser la classification des documents dans les moteurs de recherche. Les travaux se concentrent sur le développement d'un outil de détection automatique des thèmes des documents (ATDS-fr). Utilisant peu de connaissances, la méthode hybride adoptée allie des techniques statistiques de segmentation thématique à des méthodes linguistiques identifiant des marqueurs de cohésion. Parmi eux, les chaînes de référence - séquence d'expressions référentielles se rapportant à la même entité du discours (e.g. Paul...il...cet homme) - ont fait l'objet d'une attention particulière, car elles constituent un indice textuel important dans la détection des thèmes (i.e. ce sont des marqueurs d'introduction, de maintien et de changement thématique). Ainsi, à partir d'une étude des chaînes de référence menée dans un corpus issu de genres textuels variés (analyses politiques, rapports publics, lois européennes, éditoriaux, roman), nous avons développé un module d'identification automatique des chaînes de référence RefGen qui a été évalué suivant les métriques actuelles de la coréférence.

A osteomielite possui elevada prevalência e morbidade. O tratamento depende de apropriada terapia antimicrobiana por tempo prolongado e frequentemente requer cirurgia para remoção de tecidos necróticos. A aderência dos pacientes com osteomielite à prescrição do antibiótico, embora fundamental para o sucesso terapêutico, tem sido pouco estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a aderência à terapia antimicrobiana oral em pacientes adultos com osteomielite; identificar se alguns fatores relacionados na literatura estavam associados com a não aderência; estabelecer o valor preditivo dos fatores associados a não aderência ao tratamento em pacientes com osteomielite. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, fundamentado na avaliação por meio de métodos indiretos da aderência para 83 pacientes. Foram considerados pelo menos 30 dias de uso do antimicrobiano à entrevista e os pacientes foram classificados como aderentes de acordo com o questionário de Morisky, que é constituído por 4 questões com respostas dicotômicas para avaliar a aderência. Os pacientes com < 2 pontos foram considerados de baixa aderência e os que obtiverem > 3 pontos, de alta aderência. O presente estudo identificou uma prevalência de alta aderência de 83,1% (n=63). O ajuste dos modelos de regressão logística múltipla não resultou em variáveis conjuntas influenciando a aderência ao tratamento, porém pacientes do gênero masculino sugeriram apresentar maior frequência de baixa aderência ao tratamento em relação aos pacientes do gênero feminino (p = 0,053). Com relação à idade, a análise dos dados mostrou que os pacientes com idade entre 31 e 59 anos possuíam probabilidade de baixa aderência 68% menor que pacientes com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. A aderência observada foi semelhante à encontrada na literatura. Os fatores sociodemográficos podem interferir na aderência de pacientes em uso de antibióticos orais para tratamento de osteomielite<br>Osteomyelitis is a highly prevalent disease and a major cause of morbidity. Clinical treatment is based on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Adherence of patients with osteomyelitis to the prescribed treatment, although critical for successful treatment, has been little studied. The aim of the study was: to measure the adherence to oral antimicrobial therapy in adult patients with osteomyelitis; to identify whether some of the factors listed in health literature were associated with non-adherence; to establish the predictive values associated with non-adherence to antimicrobial therapy in patients with osteomyelitis. We conducted a cross-sectional study, based on evaluation through indirect methods of adherence for 83 patients. We included patients receiving at least 30 days of antimicrobial use. Patients were interviewed and classified as adherent according to the Morisky questionnaire, that consists of 4 questions with dichotomous responses to assess adherence. Patients with 3 points, with high adherence. This study identified a prevalence of high adherence of 83.1% (n = 63). The multivariate logistic regression analysis did not result in multiple variables influencing adherence to treatment. Gender was the only variable with an suggested association with low adherence, male gender was more associated with low adherence than female (p = 0,053). Regarding age, data analysis showed that patients aged between 31 and 59 years had low adherence probability 68% lower than patients aged between 18 and 30 years. The high adherence observed in this study was similar than previous reported in the literature. Social and demographic factors may interfere in the adherence with patients using oral antibiotics for the treatment of osteomyelitis

Introdução: O AVC (acidente vascular cerebral) é uma das mais importantes causas de alterações neuropsicológicas. Uma avaliação cognitiva inicial realizada por telefone implicaria em um diagnóstico mais precoce de prejuízo cognitivo e demência, reduzindo custos e tempo. Objetivo: Examinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Entrevista Telefônica para Avaliação do Estado Cognitivo - Modificada (TICS-M) em pacientes pós-AVC. Métodos: Previamente à validação da TICS-M em indivíduos acometidos por AVC, foi realizada tradução para o Português do Brasil e adaptação transcultural da versão original da TICS-M em uma amostra de 30 sujeitos não clínicos. Após esta fase, um subgrupo de 61 pacientes com AVC, participantes do Estudo da Mortalidade e Morbidade do AVC (EMMA) que ocorre no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, foram convidados a participar da validação da TICS-M, seis meses após o evento agudo. A TICS-M foi aplicada em três momentos: avaliação inicial (entrevista presencial), uma e duas semanas após a primeira avaliação. Na avaliação inicial, além da TICS-M, questionários adicionais foram aplicados para avaliar a cognição: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental); e para a depressão, HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Todos os questionários foram aplicados por duas entrevistadoras treinadas para o estudo. A confiabilidade intra-observador da TICS-M foi testada através dos coeficientes de Pearson, Intraclasse e alfa de Cronbach. As características internas do TICS-M também foram avaliadas através de uma análise exploratória utilizando o método Análise de Componentes Principais. A validade discriminatória do instrumento para rastreamento de demência pós-AVC foi avaliada em comparação a MEEM pela análise da área sob a curva (AUC) determinada pela curva ROC. Foram calculadas sensibilidade e especificidade para o ponto de corte ideal para rastrear demência. Resultados: De maneira geral, a TICS-M traduzida para o português apresentou um bom entendimento dos itens na mostra de indivíduos não clínicos. Foi observada uma frequência de 23% sugestiva de demência pós-AVC. O nível de escolaridade esteve positivamente associado ao estado demencial rastreado pelo MEEM. O estado depressivo assim como outras características de base não se associou à demência sugerida pelo MEEM. A confiabilidade teste-reteste intra-observador revelou taxas quase totais nos três momentos avaliados (Pearson Coeficiente > 0,85, Coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse > 0,85 e Coeficiente alfa de Cronbach: 0,96). A análise fatorial determinou três domínios: memória de trabalho e atenção; memória recente e de evocação e orientação. A área sob a curva (AUC) determinada para a TICS-M em comparação com MEEM foi de 0,89 (intervalo de confiança 95%: 0,80-0,98). O ponto de corte sugerido para TICS-M foi de 14 pontos (escala de 0-39 pontos) para rastrear demência com sensibilidade de 91,5% e especificidade de 71,4%. Resultados semelhantes foram observadas com o MoCA. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da TICS-M sugere ser um instrumento de pesquisa útil e confiável para rastrear demência em pacientes pós-AVC<br>Introduction: Stroke is one most important cause of neuropsychological disorders. An initial cognitive assessment performed by telephone resulting in an early diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia, reducing costs and time. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Assessment (TICS-M) for assessment of dementia in post-stroke patients. Methods: Prior to validation of TICS-M in post-stroke patients, translation was performed for the Brazilian-Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of TICS-M in a non-clinical sample of 30 subjects. After this phase, 61 stroke patients enrolled in the Stroke Mortality and Morbidity Study (The EMMA study) that occurs at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, were invited to participate in this sub-study to validate the TICS-M six months after the acute event. The TICS-M was applied in three moments: first evaluation (personal interview), one and two weeks after of the first evaluation. At the first evaluation, beyond the TICS-M, additional questionnaires were applied to assess cognition: MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Examination), and for depression, HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). All questionnaires were administered by two trained interviewers for the study. Reliability of the TICS-M was tested by intra-observer rates using Pearson, Intraclass and Cronbach´s alpha coefficients. The internal characteristics of TICS-M were also evaluated by an exploratory analysis using Principal Component Analysis. The discrimination validity of the instrument to assess dementia was evaluated by comparison to the MMSE analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) determined by the ROC curve. Sensitivity and specificity for the ideal cutoff to assess dementia were calculated. Results: In general, the TICS-M translated into Portuguese version showed a good understanding of the items in non-clinical individuals. A frequency of 23% suggestive of post-stroke dementia was observed. The level of education was positively associated with dementia status assessed by MMSE. The depressive status, as well as, other baseline characteristics was not associated with dementia suggested by MMSE. Test-retest reliability intra-observer revealed almost total rates in the three evaluation moments (Pearson coefficient > 0.85, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.85 and Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient: 0.96). The factorial analysis determined three domains: working memory and attention, recent and recall memory and orientation. The area under the curve (AUC) determined by TICS-M compared to MMSE was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.98). The cutoff suggested for TICS-M was equal or greater than 14 points (range 0-39 points) to assess dementia (91.5% sensitivity, 71.4 % specificity). Similar results were observed with the MoCA. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of TICSM suggests being a useful and reliable research instrument to evaluate dementia in poststroke patients in epidemiological studies

Demand responsive transport services are nowadays an established and recognized way to provide better social inclusion to non-urban, low population density areas. The concept has its origins in the 70´s in the USA, but just recently the advances in technology made this type of service more economically attractive. Therefore is of no surprise that this kind of transportation is starting to be a serious option in several regions across Europe. The European Commission has been promoting projects to study and implement DRT services. One of these projects, MASCARA (deMand responsive trAnsport service for increasing Social Cohesion in urbAn/Rural Areas), involved a team from the Engineering School of the University of Porto, with the participation of the author. The MASCARA project was designed to promote the cooperation between several regions in Europe to share knowledge about DRT services, evaluating DRT pilots and DRT feasibility studies. This dissertation focus on the design of a framework to help this evaluation. The work resulted in combining two known multi-criteria methodologies, namely AHP and TOPSIS. Albeit these methods were designed to help choosing (ranking) between two or more possible scenarios, the proposed framework is able to evaluate and score one scenario situations. This work can be viewed as having two parts: the first one (from chapter 1 to chapter 4) deals with the design of the framework and methodology. From chapter 5 onwards the practical application is adressed. The author work was focused on the design and software implementation of the evaluation framework.

Demand responsive transport services are nowadays an established and recognized way to provide better social inclusion to non-urban, low population density areas. The concept has its origins in the 70´s in the USA, but just recently the advances in technology made this type of service more economically attractive. Therefore is of no surprise that this kind of transportation is starting to be a serious option in several regions across Europe. The European Commission has been promoting projects to study and implement DRT services. One of these projects, MASCARA (deMand responsive trAnsport service for increasing Social Cohesion in urbAn/Rural Areas), involved a team from the Engineering School of the University of Porto, with the participation of the author. The MASCARA project was designed to promote the cooperation between several regions in Europe to share knowledge about DRT services, evaluating DRT pilots and DRT feasibility studies. This dissertation focus on the design of a framework to help this evaluation. The work resulted in combining two known multi-criteria methodologies, namely AHP and TOPSIS. Albeit these methods were designed to help choosing (ranking) between two or more possible scenarios, the proposed framework is able to evaluate and score one scenario situations. This work can be viewed as having two parts: the first one (from chapter 1 to chapter 4) deals with the design of the framework and methodology. From chapter 5 onwards the practical application is adressed. The author work was focused on the design and software implementation of the evaluation framework.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal providenciar uma visão geral atualizada sobre a investigação em contabilidade na revista Accounting and Business Research, através da revisão e análise de 108 artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2011. Com efeito, foram analisados e caraterizados os contribuintes da revista, bem como o conteúdo dos artigos, em termos de áreas de investigação, métodos de recolha de dados e origem dos dados. Para cada um dos pontos do conteúdo dos artigos foram ainda analisados os seus fatores explicativos. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a maioria dos autores que contribuíram para a revista são provenientes do Reino Unido, a contabilidade financeira é a área de investigação mais abordada e as bases de dados são o método de recolha mais utilizado. Adicionalmente, a origem dos dados utilizados nos estudos empíricos são também eles, na sua maioria, provenientes do Reino Unido. Salienta-se ainda que os artigos na área de contabilidade financeira que utilizam os métodos de bases de dados e revisão de literatura são os mais comuns na amostra analisada. Por fim, os resultados sugerem que, na maioria dos casos, a origem dos dados é doméstica, ou seja, a maioria dos dados são provenientes do mesmo local de origem dos autores do artigo.<br>Providing an updated insight about accounting research in Accounting and Business Research’s journal is the main key of the present study. The aim was achieved by examining 108 articles published in this journal from 2007-2011. For that purpose, there were analyzed and characterized the contributors of the journal and the contents of the articles, in accordance with the research areas, data collection methods and data’s source. For each of the subjects of the articles there were also analyzed their explanatory factors. The results of the study indicate that financial accounting is the main subject to be approached, the databases are the main method used for collecting data and that most of the authors that contributed to Accounting and Business Research are from United Kingdom, such as the majority of the data used on empirical studies. Another important fact that should be highlighted is that the articles in the area of financial accounting that use the database method and the literature review are the most common on the sample under analysis. Finally, the results suggest that, most times, the origin of the data is domestic, which means that the majority of the data has the same origin as the authors of the article.

A investigação em contabilidade, quer de forma geral quer especificamente na vertente de contabilidade de gestão, é relativamente vasta, dada a sua diversidade de temas abordados, metodologias utilizadas, teorias e contextos de investigação. Neste sentido, o presente estudo vem contribuir para a caracterização da investigação em contabilidade de gestão, de forma a ajudar na clarificação do que tem sido feito nesta área, do que falta fazer e do que pode ser ainda mais aprofundado. Procurou-se que essa caracterização fosse o mais recente possível e que recaísse sobre as publicações mais influentes na área de contabilidade de gestão. Daí a escolha dos últimos cinco anos como período de análise e das revistas Accounting Organization and Society e The Accounting Review como fontes dos artigos que compõem o universo de estudo. Foram analisados os temas abordados nos artigos, os métodos de recolha de dados utilizados e as seguintes características dos autores: número de artigos publicados, género, universidades de afiliação, continentes e países de afiliação. Posto isto, pretendeu-se encontrar relações entre essas mesmas variáveis. Os resultados mostraram que as publicações da Accounting Organization and Society e da The Accounting Review são distintas, que o tema mais abordado na investigação em contabilidade de gestão foi a avaliação de desempenho e os métodos de recolha de dados mais utilizados foram a experimentação e o estudo de caso, o primeiro foi mais utilizados por autores do género masculino e afiliados no continente americano e o segundo por autores do género feminino e afiliados na Europa.<br>The field of accounting research, either generally or specifically in management accounting, is vast, given its diversity of topics, methodologies, theories and research settings. This study contributes to the characterization of research in management accounting, in order to assist in clarifying what has been done in this area, what remains to be done and what can be further deepened. The period of analysis is the last five years and Accounting Organization and Society and The Accounting Review are the journals that served as sources of articles. The articles’ topics are analyzed, and the research methods. Next, the following specifications about the authors are examined: number of published articles, gender, schools of affiliation, continents and countries of affiliation. It was subsequently examined some relationships between these variables. The results showed that publications of the Accounting Organization and Society and The Accounting Review are distinct, the most frequent topic in management accounting research is performance measure and the predominant research methods were experimental and case study, the first was most used by male authors and affiliates in America and the second by female authors and affiliates in Europe.