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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mineral and vitamin content

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mineral and vitamin content'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Muhammad Syah, R. Marwita Sari Putri, and Ginanjar Pratama. "Characteristics of Paracaudina australis Vitamin And Minerals from Pelawan and Tanjung Melolo Beach, Karimun, Riau Islands." Marinade 2, no. 01 (2019): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/marinade.v2i01.1255.

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Brunok (P. australis) was one of the marine biota that has not been utilized optimally especially in Kabupaten Karimun, Kepulauan Riau. The purpose of this research was to find out the comparison of the highest content of vitamins and minerals from brunok meat based on different taked locations in Kabupaten Karimun. Brunok from Pelawan Beach contained Vitamins A and B12, namely Vitamin A 198.92 IU, Vitamin B12 0.234 IU and Brunok Cape Melolo contained Vitamin A 214.59 IU, Vitamin B12 0.195 IU. The content of Pelawan Beach Brunok contained Sodium (Na) 4,550 mg, Potassium (K) 154,339 mg, Calcium (Ca) 287,870 mg, Phosphorus (P) 326,787 mg, and Micro Minerals namely Iron (Fe) 3,921 mg. Whereas the Mineral content of Brunok Cape Melolo meat was Sodium (Na) 5,114 mg, Potassium (K) 160,126 mg, Calcium (Ca) 258,212 mg, Phosphorus (P) 341,218 mg, and Micro Minerals namely Iron (Fe) 2,89 mg. The highest mineral content of Phosphorus (P) from the two waters of Kabupaten Karimun was found in the waters of Tanjung Melolo, that was 341,218 mg.

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Shree, Bhavya, and Arun Kumar. "Nutritive value, proximate, mineral and vitamin contents of Indian major carp of Madhepura District, Bihar." PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA 23, no. 02 (2024): 229. https://doi.org/10.59467/pzsi.2024.23.229.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content of Indian major carps. Proximate composition and mineral and vitamin content were determined according to the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standard method. The variation in proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content was determined in relation to different body weight groups of Indian major carp viz., rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). The samples were collected from different places of Madhepura district and were grouped as 1-50 g, 51-500 g, 501-2000 g and >2000 g. The moisture content was higher (P<0.05) in >2000 g group of rohu and mrigal when compared to catla. The contents of protein, lipids and total ash were similar in all the major carp irrespective of weight groups. Calcium content was higher (P<0.05) in rohu and mrigal in all the weight groups. Sodium, potassium and iron contents were more (P<0.05) in >2000 g group of rohu when compared to others. The Zn content of rohu of 51-500 g group was higher (P<0.05) vis-a-vis other groups. Mrigal of size groups 1-50 g and >2000 g contained the highest content of vitamin A. The vitamin D level was higher (P<0.05) in 1-50 g of rohu and 51-2000 g groups of mrigal. Thus, this fish species are good sources of proteins, minerals and vitamins that can be used for managing nutritional deficiencies in human and animals.. KEYWORDS :Nutritive value, Proximate composition, Mineral, Vitamin, Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Madhepura district.

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Brown, Katie, Jenna Ellis, Dana Ogan, and Heidi Wengreen. "Nutrition and Dietetic Students’ Vitamin and Mineral Knowledge and Concurrent Learning and Retention Strategies." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 10 (2016): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss10.615.

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Background: The functions, food sources, deficiency symptoms, and toxicity symptoms are important for dietetic professionals to know and apply to community, food service, and clinical settings.Purpose: To assess nutrition and dietetic students’ knowledge of vitamins and minerals and identify students’ strategies for learning and retaining vitamin and mineral information.Methodology: Students from three universities in the western United States were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Participants completed a brief questionnaire that included multiple choice and short answer questions to assess their knowledge of a representative list of 8 vitamins and minerals. The questionnaire also included free-response questions about strategies for retention of vitamin/mineral information. Two researchers independently reviewed responses and identified themes.Results: Students’ scores on multiple-choice vitamin/mineral questions suggested that they had difficulty remembering details regarding vitamins and minerals. Three themes were identified as common study strategies for learning vitamin and mineral content: repetition, mnemonic devices, and personal application.Conclusions: These findings suggest that further research assessing the increased use of repetition, mnemonic devices, and especially personal application in dietetics education curriculum are warranted.

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Gubanenko, G., M. Kudriavtsev, E. Rechkina, L. Naimushina, and L. Mayurnikova. "VITAMIN-MINERAL ISOTONIC DRINKS WITH SPIRULINA IN SPORTS NUTRITION." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 3 (2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200315.

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Aim. The paper is aimed at developing isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks with spirulina, fruits and Siberian berries. Materials and Methods. Spirulina microalgae (Royal Forest, TU 03.21.49-009-29903295-2017) was purchased at the Healthy Food Products specialized store. The physicochemical parameters of spirulina powder were determined in accordance with GOST 31412-2010. The mineral composition of spirulina was studied by atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) using the Thermo Scientific iCaP-6500 DUO spectrometer and the iTEVA software package. The determination of vitamin content was carried out in accordance with GOST and pharmacopoeial standards. Directions for creating isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks with spirulina, fruits and berries were determined based on organoleptic criteria. Results. The mineral composition of spirulina (Royal Forest) was determined, and the content of macro- and microelements in spirulina was correlated with physiological norms for satisfying daily demand of an adult. It is shown that microalgae are a source of iron and copper as the content of these minerals in 100 g of the product reaches 27.9 and 66.3 % of recommended daily intake, respectively. When studying the content of vitamins, it was found that thiamine and riboflavin showed the best indicators of ensuring daily demand of vitamins – 18.5 and 26.3 %, respectively. Based on the assessment of organoleptic properties, the recipes for isotonic vitamin and mineral drinks made of spirulina, fruits and berries are presented. Conclusion. It is shown that isotonic vitamin and mineral fruit and berry drinks with spirulina contain a vitamin-mineral complex and are characterized by increased nutritional and biological value. Such drinks can be recommended for extreme conditions and sports nutrition, including faster and better recovery after heavy physical exertion.

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Sakung, Jamaluddin, Bohari, and Sitti Rahmawati. "Proximate, Minerals, and Vitamins In Chayote Flour." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 2261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2186.

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The composition of biomolecules on the squash is affected by the processing, so that the squash that has been processed into flour has a different composition, so the need for exploration squash flour composition. This study was designed to evaluate composition of proximate, minerals and vitamins in squash flour. Analysis of proximate, vitamins and minerals using AOAC method. The percentage of ash content, carbohydrate, fat and protein respectively are (4.49 ± 0.17), (73.35 ± 0.47), (3.49 ± 0.29) and (15, 10 ± 0.27). The levels of vitamins star from the highest is a vitamin C (11.900 ± 1.072), vitamin A (0.038 ± 0.002) and vitamin E (0.015 ± 0.00007). While the mineral minerals content star from the highest is potassium (2311.90 ± 309.15), calcium (271.5 ± 9.19) and Sodium (21.69 ± 8.53). Chayote is suitable processed into flour that has the highest nutritional value of carbohydrates of 73.35 g/100 g, vitamin C of 11.9 mg/100 mg and potassium mineral of 23.11 g/100 g, so that the processing of squash flour is an innovation in the development of products made from it

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LEPINE, A. J., E. T. KORNEGAY, J. W. KNIGHT, et al. "METACARPAL AND METATARSAL DIMENSIONAL, MECHANICAL AND MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSSBRED BOARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRITION AND AGE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (1985): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-056.

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Crossbred boars (35 days of age) were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to dietary energy (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and mineral-vitamin (100 and 150% of National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC 1979) recommendation) intakes to determine the effects on metacarpal and metatarsal dimensional and mechanical characteristics and chemical composition. The third and fourth metacarpal and metatarsal were removed from boars necropsied at 15-day intervals from 85 to 295 days on test. Bone weight, length, shaft diameter and wall thickness increased with age, while bone ether extract decreased and ash content increased. As age increased, percentage Ca content of bone ash increased, P content remained unchanged and Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn content decreased. At an equal age, bone weight, length, shaft diameters and mechanical characteristics were greater for ad libitum-fed boars; however, weight-correction produced trends in favor of the limit-fed boars. Although mineral-vitamin level had no effect on the weight, length or diameter of bones, the 150% NAS-NRC mineral-vitamin level increased bone wall thickness and bone mechanical properties, with these effects more prominent in the metatarsals than the metacarpals. Metatarsals were heavier and longer than metacarpals. Percentage of ether extract was higher for ad libitum-fed boars. The 150% NAS-NRC mineral-vitamin level increased percentage bone ash and bone ash Ca level, while dietary energy or mineral-vitamin levels failed to affect content of any of the other bone ash minerals examined. The results of this study indicate that changes in bone characteristics resulting from ad libitum feeding are due to a larger body size at a given age, while higher values for mechanical characteristics can be obtained by elevation of dietary mineral-vitamin levels. Key words: Boars, energy intake, minerals, vitamins, bone characteristics, bone mineral composition

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Jabir, Abdulmumin, Ahmad Alhassan Siddan, Maianguwa Abdulrsashid Dauda, et al. "Determination of Mineral, Vitamin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Telfairia Occidentalis Seed." African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research 1, no. 1 (2024): 569–78. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3665.

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Telfairia occidentalis, also known as fluted pumpkin, is a widely cultivated vegetable in West Africa with potential nutritional and health benefits. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals and tubers; however, there is lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the mineral of fluted pumpkin seeds in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant properties of T. occidentalis seeds. The seeds were analyzed for their mineral content (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, and sodium), vitamin content (vitamins A, C, and E), and antioxidant activity using standard analytical methods. The results showed that the seeds were rich in essential minerals, especially manganese; 573.01±0.39mg/kg, sodium; 525.02±0.91mg/kg, calcium; 297.06±1.05mg/kg, iron; 53.42±0.59mg/kg and zinc; 5.65±0.01mg/kg. The seeds exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as measured by various in vitro assays. The presence of vitamin E (35.54±0.47mg/kg), vitamin C (20.20±0.44mg/kg) and vitamin A (15.17±0.16mg/kg). The low levels of antioxidant activity ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.49±0.01) and hydrogen scavenging activity (1.20±0.01) makes the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) safe for consumption. These findings suggest that T. occidentalis seeds could be a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. Further research is warranted to explore the nutritional and therapeutic applications of this underutilized seed crop.

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Mmereole, U.J, N. Habila, A.S. Agbaji, and G.G Yebpella. "MINERAL ELEMENTS AND VITAMINS COMPOSITION OF FLAVOURED MILK." Continental J. Food Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2011): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7282448.

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Flavored milk drink commercially sold in Zaria- Nigeria was analyzed for some mineral elements and vitamins composition. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric analysis was used for mineral elements. Vitamin and protein contents were carried out using the UV- visible spectrophotometric. The result showed the presence of some mineral elements of which sodium was highest 5.4- 0.95 mg/l and copper had the lowest value of 0.03-0.01 mg/l. Among the vitamins, vitamin E had the highest value of 4.4- 2.7 mg/ml and vitamin B2 was highest 0.05- 0.02 mg/ml protein content was found to be 2.20-0.05 mg/ml. There were no significant changes in the values at different retail times.

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Moisa, Corina, Anca Monica Brata, Iulia C. Muresan, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Vitamin, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Capacity in Cereals and Legumes and Influence of Thermal Process." Plants 13, no. 7 (2024): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13071037.

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Cereals, as the world’s most consumed food, face challenges related to nutrient quality due to climate change and increased production impacting soil health. In this study, we investigated the vitamin and mineral content, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity in cereals from Western Romania, analyzing whole and hulled wheat, rye, oat, and soybeans before and after heat treatment. Samples from 2022 crops were processed into dough and subjected to 220 °C for 30 min. The results reveal that, despite efforts to optimize nutrient content, cereals, particularly after heat processing, exhibited lower vitamin and mineral levels than the recommended daily intake. The decrease in polyphenols and antioxidant capacity was notable, with rye flour experiencing the largest decline (15%). Mineral analysis showed copper levels in decorticated wheat decreased by 82.5%, while iron in rye decreased by 5.63%. Soy flour consistently displayed the highest calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels, whereas oat flour had the highest zinc and copper levels before and after heat processing. The study highlights the concerningly low vitamins and minerals contents in cereals, as well as in the final products reaching consumers in the Western part of Romania, and contributes to the assessment of measures that are meant to improve the contents of these minerals.

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Fithriani, D., and S. Melanie. "Vitamin and mineral content of microalgae Phorpyridium and Chlorella and development prospects for food raw materials in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (2022): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012043.

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Abstract Porphyridium cruentum is a product of the division of the genus Rhodophyta. It is a single cell that lives or colonizes freely in mucillago. The cells continuously secrete mucillago compounds, forming a capsule that envelops the cells. Mucillago is a sulfate polysaccharide that is soluble in water [1]. Microalgae Chlorella sp. are marine algae that can grow on fresh water and sea water media. This type of algae has a green pigment included in it class Chlorophyceae of the Chlorellaceae family. The goal of this study was to find out how much vitamin and mineral content there was in Phorpyridium and Chlorella cultivated on Conway media. The findings demonstrate that Phorpyridium has a higher vitamin E content than vitamins B1, B2, and B6. ie. 2,4 mg/100 g. Mineral analysis showed that Phorpyridium contained K minerals (45,7 mg/100g), Ca (201 g/100g), Mg (1090 mg/100g), Fe (38,2 mg/kg), Zn (3,45 mg/kg), Se (0,04 mg/kg), and P (2351 mg/kg).. Vitamin analysis of Chlorella show that vitamin B1 in Chlorella higher than Phorpyridium ie.( 3,71 mg/kg). Mineral analysis showed that Chlorella contained K minerals (714 mg/100g), Ca (331 g/100g), Mg (335 mg/100g), Fe (539 mg/kg), Zn (21,7 mg/kg), Se (0,22 mg/kg), and P (2982 mg/kg).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Scott, Karen Christine. "The effect of processing on the vitamin D?, vitamin E, pre-vitamin D?, and pro-vitamin D? content of menhaden fish meal, and on the lipid-soluble vitamin content of menhaden fish oil : and the selenium content of various tissues... /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687176151.

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Greer, Ristan M. "Calcium, vitamin D and vitamin A metabolism in cystic fibrosis : implications of gender differences and disease severity /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18007.pdf.

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Bashir, S. E. O. "Studies of vitamin-D and mineral metabolism in health and disease." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375130.

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Mann, Georgianna Rhodes. "Effects of mineral content of bovine drinking water: Does iron content affect milk quality?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22018.

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Implications of water chemistry on milk synthesis are not well described yet water is an important nutrient for dairy cattle. High mineral concentrations (>0.3 mg/kg Fe and others) may be associated with natural levels in ground water, contaminating sources, drought conditions, or storage systems. This study evaluated effects of added iron in bovine drinking water on milk composition (Ca, Cu, Fe, P) measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and oxidative stability measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay for malondialdehyde (MDA), volatile chemistry and sensory analysis (triangle test). Prepared ferrous lactate treatments, corresponding to 0, 2, 5, and 12.5 mg/kg drinking water levels were given abomasally (10 L/d) to 4 lactating dairy cows over 4 periods (1 wk infusion/period) in a Latin square design. Milk was collected (d6 of infusion), processed (homogenized, pasteurized), and analyzed within 72 h of processing and 7 d of refrigerated storage. No differences in MDA (1.46ï¿½0.04 mg/kg) or iron (0.22ï¿½0.01 mg/kg) were observed in processed milk. Cross effects analysis (treatment*cow) showed significant differences in calcium, copper and iron (P < 0.05). Sensory differences (P < 0.05), in treatment vs. control, suggested iron from water sources contributes to milk flavor changes. A case study with high and low (0.99; 0.014 mg/kg) iron treatments revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in mineral composition (0.23ï¿½0.06 mg/kg Fe) or MDA (0.77ï¿½0.03 mg/kg) of raw milk. Iron added to milk causes changes in oxidation; high levels of iron in bovine drinking water may not have observed effects.<br>Master of Science in Life Sciences

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McKenzie, Jacquelyn D. "Vitamin-mineral supplement and herbal remedy use in community-living older adults." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0035/MQ47347.pdf.

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Halliwell, Celeste, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Dietary choline and vitamin/mineral supplement for recovery from early cortical injury." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/222.

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Early cortical injury has been attributed to the consequential effects of various factors, such as alcohol, drug addiction, smoking, and inadequate nutrient intakes during periods of pregnancy and lactation, or delivery of infants by forceps, and premature deliveries. These are only a few examples of circumstances, or "injury", that may result in disorders ranging from mild learning difficulties to aggressive behaviour. Injury to the cortex during the early years of development has been know to result in poor behavioural outcome into adulthood. Presently, the most common form of treatment includes a pharmacological agent, which may be accompanied with behavioral modification therapies supported by families. As an alternative form of therapy towards the treatment of early cortical injury, choline and a vitamin and mineral supplement (EM Power+) were used to determine the possibilities of nutrition intervention in an animal model. The injuries were incurred by aspiration lesion at days three, (Exp.1) and four, (Exp.2) and lesions were localized to the midline medial frontal cortex in some rats, while a different group of rats received lesions in the posterior parietal cortex. The pre-and postnatal choline treated animals showed favorable results for the medial frontal lesions, and the postnatal vitamin supplement treated animals showed favorable results for treatment in both medial frontal and posterior parietal lesions. All animals were tested in adulthood indicating that nutrition intervention is very beneficial for alleviating some of the functional deficits commonly seen from early cortical injury.<br>xiv, 191 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Ringle, Kelly A. "An investigation of bone mineral density and bone mineral content among Hispanic women by lifestyle factors." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37038.

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Mayor, Marcel. "Vitamin B-₁₂-Derivate mit peripheren Ionenbindungsstellen /." [S.l : s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Ruhe, Annette. "Immobilisierung von Vitamin B₁₂ in Polymeren /." [S.l : s.n.], 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Hapugoda, Priyanthi Devika. "Rapid measurement of heavy mineral content in wet-plant streams /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18496.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Natow, Annette B. The vitamin and mineral food counter. Pocket Books, 2004.

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Maṭyūṭ, Ḥabībah. al-Istishfāʼ bi-al-fītāmīnāt wa-al-maʻādin: Al-maṣādir al-ṭabīʻīyah lil-fītāmīnāt wa-al-maʻādin. Ḥabībah Maṭyūṭ, 2014.

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Netzer, Corinne T. The complete book of vitamin and mineral counts. Dell Pub., 1997.

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Convention, United States Pharmacopeial, ed. The USP guide to vitamins & minerals. Avon Books, 1996.

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Hands, Elizabeth S. Food finder: Food sources of vitamins & minerals. 2nd ed. ESHA Research, 1990.

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Lieberman, Shari. The real vitamin & mineral book. Avery Pub. Group, 1990.

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Nancy, Bruning, ed. The real vitamin & mineral book. 2nd ed. Avery Pub. Group, 1997.

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Ball, G. F. M. Vitamins in foods: Analysis, bioavailability, and stability. CRC Press, 2006.

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Ball, G. F. M. Vitamins in foods: Analysis, bioavailability, and stability. Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Hendler, Sheldon Saul. The doctors' vitamin and mineral encyclopedia. Simon and Schuster, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Garg, Rashmi, Sahiba Sharma, Priya Singh, and Deepika Singh. "Biofortification of Tomato: Enhancing Vitamin and Mineral Content for a Healthier Diet." In Harnessing Crop Biofortification for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3438-2_15.

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Ozdemir, Selim, and Erdal Cacan. "Discover Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.): Our Alternative Protein Source." In Alternative Protein Sources. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359289.7.

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The rapidly increasing world population and global climate change pose serious challenges to agricultural sustainability. In this context, researchers are focusing on the discovery and development of resilient, productive, and nutritious crops as alternatives to current agricultural practices. In this process, the quinoa plant, cultivated for thousands of years in the Andes Mountains region, stands out particularly for its high nutritional value and durability. Quinoa emerges not only as a significant source of human nutrition but also as a potential animal feed. Particularly noteworthy for its protein quality and content of essential amino acids, quinoa is important for its gluten-free nature and rich mineral, vitamin, antioxidant, and bioactive component content, which are beneficial for health. Quinoa can be processed for use in various industrial and food products, playing an important role as an alternative protein source in nutrition and animal feed sectors.

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Kitavi, Mercy, and C. Robin Buell. "Molecular Breeding of Carotenoids in Sweetpotato." In Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65003-1_8.

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AbstractThis chapter overviews molecular breeding efforts focused on enhancing carotenoid content in sweetpotato. Sweetpotato is a widely cultivated crop known for its adaptability to diverse climates and soil conditions, making it a staple food in many regions worldwide. Sweetpotato also offers notable nutritional and health benefits, owing to its rich content of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Of particular interest is β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, abundant in orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties. A vital nutrient for human health, β-carotene serves as a key focus in efforts to enhance the nutritional quality of sweetpotato. Identification and expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation and starch metabolism in sweetpotato storage roots. Through breeding, researchers can develop sweetpotato varieties with elevated β-carotene content, improving their nutritional value and health-promoting properties. Future directions in molecular breeding of carotenoids in sweetpotato will involve the integration of advanced genetic tools and technologies to accelerate trait improvement and meet the evolving nutritional needs of diverse populations. This, in combination with other tools such as gene editing, holds promise for enhancing β-carotene content in sweetpotato to address malnutrition and promote public health initiatives globally.

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Tanizawa, Tatsuhiko, Saburo Nishida, Noriaki Yamamoto, Shinobu Asai, and Hideaki E. Takahashi. "Changes of Bone Mineral Content of Lumbar Spine in Osteoporotic Patients Treated with Vitamin D and Calcitonin." In Spinal Disorders in Growth and Aging. Springer Japan, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66939-5_20.

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Ladyka, Volodymyr, Maryna Samilyk, Tetiana Synenko, Natalia Bolgova, Viktoriia Vechorka, and Yuliya Nazarenko. "Justification of the feasibility of using A2 milk in the production of some dairy products." In FOOD PRODUCTION: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS. TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-99-2.ch2.

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The prospects of using A2 cow's milk in the production of dairy products were considered and analyzed. The object of research is the method of enriching A2 milk and the technology of hard cheeses made from raw milk from cows with different β-casein genotypes (A1A1, A1A2, A2A2). When digesting A2 milk, β-casomorphin-7 is not formed, which negatively affects the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. It is recommended to use milk to which biologically active substances have been added, therefore the issue of its enrichment is relevant. In industrial conditions, artificial vitamin and mineral complexes are used to enrich milk. Taking into account that natural and synthetic substances act differently on the human body, it is proposed to use processed derivatives of carrots (Daucus carota) as a natural food additive. The use of carrot powders improves the amino acid spectrum of milk. The mass concentration of amino acids in A2 milk enriched with carrot peel powder was 4.87 g/100 g. The highest concentration, g/100g, of glutamic acid (0.84), proline (0.50), aspartic acid (0.42), leucine (0.41), valine (0.35) was found. It was established that the consumption of 200 g of such milk provides the daily needs of the body in essential amino acids: threonine, leucine and phenylalanine (by 16 %), methionine (by 4 %), isoleucine (by 14 %), lysine (by 18 %), valine (by 20 %). It was established that A2 milk, enriched with powder from whole carrot roots, has a higher content of carotenoids (0.1068 mg/100 ml), providing the body's need for them by 1.4 %. Such milk can be an additional source of vitamin A produced in the human body. It is recommended to use powder from whole carrot roots for the enrichment of A2 milk in industrial conditions. Physico-chemical indicators and cheeseability of milk of cows with different genotypes were studied. The content of fat, protein and solids in the milk of cows with the β-casein genotype A2A2 were slightly higher compared to A1A1 and A1A2. A comprehensive study of the quality indicators of hard cheese samples showed that the type of β-casein did not affect the sensory characteristics of the cheese. However, according to the content of the main chemical components, cheeses made from A1A2 milk had a higher content of dry matter and protein (on average, 61.6 % and 19.2 %, respectively) and a lower content of fat (37.2 %). The amino acid profile of cheese from the milk of cows with the β-casein A1A2 and A2A2 genotype showed a higher total content of amino acids – 14.89 mg/g and 13.84 mg/g, respectively. Calculations of cheese yield showed that cheese yield from milk of cows with β-casein genotype A1A2 was higher (mean value 13.1 %) than with A1A1 and A2A2. The obtained results are of practical importance, since it is possible to take into account how changes in the β-casein genotype in raw milk can affect the yield of cheese and, therefore, the profitability of production.

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Calayugan, Mark Ian C., B. P. Mallikarjuna Swamy, Chau Thanh Nha, et al. "Zinc-Biofortified Rice: A Sustainable Food-Based Product for Fighting Zinc Malnutrition." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_13.

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AbstractThe lack of dietary diversity among poor communities has led to nutritional consequences, particularly zinc deficiency. An adequate intake of mineral- and vitamin-rich food is necessary for achieving and maintaining good health. Zinc is one of the micronutrients considered essential to improve human health and decrease the risk of malnutrition. Biofortification of rice through breeding is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to solve micronutrient malnutrition. The Biofortification Priority Index prepared by HarvestPlus clearly identified several countries in Asia with an immediate need for Zn biofortification. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and its national partners in target countries are making efforts to develop Zn-biofortified rice varieties. The first set of high-Zn rice varieties has been released for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh, India, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Efforts have begun to mainstream grain Zn to ensure that the Zn trait becomes an integral part of future varieties. Huge scope exists to apply advanced genomics technologies such as genomic selection and genome editing to speed up high-Zn varietal development. An efficient rice value chain for Zn-biofortified varieties, quality control, and promotion are essential for successful adoption and consumption. The development of next-generation high-Zn rice varieties with higher grain-Zn content, stacking of multiple nutrients, along with good grain quality and acceptable agronomic traits has to be fast-tracked. Healthier rice has a large demand from all stakeholders, so we need to keep up the pace of developing nutritious rice to meet the demand and to achieve nutritional security.

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Levine, M. A. "Normal Mineral Homeostasis." In Vitamin D and Rickets. KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072764.

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Finno, Carrie J. "Vitamin and Mineral Assessment." In Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118922798.ch13.

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Aman, Michael G., and Nirbhay N. Singh. "Vitamin, Mineral, and Dietary Treatments." In Psychopharmacology of the Developmental Disabilities. Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8774-9_8.

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Armenta, Sergio, and Miguel de la Guardia. "Mineral content of eggs." In Handbook of Mineral Elements in Food. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118654316.ch29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Cazacu, Mihaela, Monica Negrea, Ileana Cocan, Calin Jianu, and Ducu Stef. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF WHOLEMEAL FLOUR AND CARROT-ENRICHED BISCUITS: NUTRITIONAL AND CONSUMER IMPACT." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/6.2/s24.12.

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The aim of the project concerns the production, characterization and impact on consumers of biscuits with wholemeal flour and grated carrots. The innovative character results from the use of wholemeal flour, which, unlike white flour, retains the bran and wheat germ, making it richer in fiber, vitamins and minerals. This contributes to a lower glycemic index and a superior nutritional profile. Carrots provide moisture and natural sweetness and are also an important source of beta-carotene, fiber and other vitamins and by adding orange essence, the flavor of the biscuits is greatly enhanced, adding a dose of vitamin C, boosting the nutritional value of the biscuits. The carrot, wholemeal flour and orange essence biscuit is a tasty and healthy product that is also a child-friendly product. In the present work, the obtained biscuits were analyzed from physicochemical and sensory points of view. From the physicochemical point of view the moisture, mineral, fat, protein and finally the carbohydrate content and energy value were evaluated. From a sensory point of view, the external appearance, in cross-section, taste, odor and general acceptability were evaluated.

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Alda, Liana Maria, Despina-Maria Bordean, Simion Alda, Diana Moigradean, and Marcel Danci. "EVALUATION THE MINERAL CONTENT OF NORI SEAWEED, AVAILABLE ON THE ROMANIAN MARKET." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s15.45.

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Algae are some of the oldest forms of life on earth, being consumed for centuries. There are numerous studies that highlight the health benefits of consuming seaweed, due to the high content of proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, antioxidants, and the low-fat content. Nori seaweeds, which is used in the preparation of sushi rolls, stands out for its low caloric intake and high content of minerals, vitamins (vitamin B12 and vitamin C), as well as iodine. Only certain types of species of seaweed are used to make Nori: Porphyra tenera, Porphyra yezoensis, Porphyra umbilicalis and Pyropia tenera (a newer name for Porphyra tenera, due to a taxonomic reclassification). In this work, we analyzed the mineral profile of some varieties of Nori algae available on the Romanian market, obtained in China and Japan. To determine the mineral content, we used X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer (XRF). The results are expressed in mg/kg dry weight. The Nori dried seaweed recorded the highest values of potassium and calcium and the Nori roasted seaweed the highest iron and zinc contents. Our experimental results recommend the consumption of Nori algae, in order to cover the daily requirement of minerals.

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Velciov, Ariana Bianca, Antoanela Cozma, Ramona �. Cristina Heghedus � Mindru, Alexandru �. Erne Rinovetz, and Adrian Rivis. "NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORIAL CHARACTERISATION OF RAW DRY SALAMI WITH ADDITION OF GOJI AND NUTS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.36.

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Goji fruits (Lycium barbarum) are known for their very high content of antioxidants, supplemented by a high intake of vitamins, (including vitamins A, C and vitamins from the B complex), minerals (calcium, magnesium, selenium), proteins, fibers and amino acids. Thus, goji fruits have a very high nutritional potential, which is why their inclusion in the daily menu or their use for therapeutic purposes have proven extremely beneficial for the human body. Hazelnuts (Corylus avelana) and pistachios (Pistachia vera) are a great source of phytosterols, fibers and protein, also containing vitamins and minerals such as magnesium and vitamin E. The purpose of this study was to obtain a raw-dry salami with addition of goji fruits, hazelnut and pistachio, and to characterize our new formula in comparison with two types of salami from the local market, from the nutritional and sensory point of view. The total contents of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, mineral content, sodium chloride and moisture were determined. The results show that, compared to the salami sold on the market, our new formula - raw � dry salami with goji, hazelnut and pistachio has higher nutritional values. Regarding the sensory analysis, the tasters' preference was demonstrated for the salami with hazelnuts, pistachios and goji, this obtaining the highest scores in terms of texture, color, smell, taste and general acceptability. Consequently, we can observe that addition of goji berries, hazelnuts and pistachios when obtaining dry raw salami can optimize its nutritional and sensory quality.

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Memić, Alma, Aleksandra Lučić Govedarica, Vedrana Komlen, and Aida Šukalić. "UTICAJ NAČINA ĐUBRENJA NA LJEKOVITA SVOJSTVA PERŠUNA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.143m.

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In this paper, the influence of the method of production, on the content of vitamin C in the leaf and root of parsley was investigated. The research was conducted during two growing seasons: 2013 and 2014. Three varieties of parsley were used in the research. The experiment included three type of fertilization.: mineral, organic and organomineral. The application of different fertilizers affected the content of vitamin C in the parsley. In both years the research the highest content of vitamin C were recorded with the application of organomineral, then with the application of organic fertilizers. Parsley leaf has a higher content of vitamin C compared to the root.

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Stojković, Danijela, Verica Jevtić, Maja Đukić, Đorđe Petrović, Sandra Jovičić Milić, and Marijana Kasalović. "SADRŽAJ VITAMINA C U EKSTRAKTIMA ŠIPURKA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.541s.

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Rosehip is rich in vitamin C. It also contains provitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin K, as well as many minerals. Rosehip is most often used to produce jams and marmalades. It can also be used to produce drinks because its specific taste and aroma significantly contributes to the appearance and taste of juices. Tea is also the most famous way to use rosehips. Due to the high content of vitamin C and pectin, it can be used for canning food in cooking and for preparing winter food. Medicinal wine can also be made from rose hips. In this paper, extracts of the plant Rosehip obtained by different extraction methods, were examined. The content of extracted substances was determined, as well as the content of vitamin C in order to determine which method will give the best yields of extracts.

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Baghina, Narcis Gheorghe, Despina-Maria Bordean, Liana Maria Alda, Ioan Gaica, and Daniel Dorin Dicu. "THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LEAFY VEGETABLES MINERAL COMPOSITION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.54.

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Lettuce is one of the most popular leafy vegetables due to the high concentrations of minerals and vitamins. The high ecological plasticity and short vegetation period makes it extremely vulnerable to environmental conditions and, indirectly, to climate change. In order to obtain plants with valuable nutritional profile, the environmental conditions for cultivation, like moisture content and temperature are very important. There are many research studies performed concerning the effects of climatic changes on agricultural production, but the impact on the nutritional value of foods has not been commonly studied. The question to which this study intends to answer is to present the influence of climate change on mineral content of lettuce based on database information and experimental data, using different mathematical models. Even if lettuce production is performed mostly under controlled conditions, there are important modifications regarding nutritional profiles of lettuce, in special minerals content.

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Rosu, Magdalena, and Monica Dragomirescu. "BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM HORSERADISH FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.07.

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The horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a root vegetable that belongs to the botanical family Brassicaceae and due to the high content of bioactive compounds, it has of great interest in many biotechnological fields. The high content of polyphenols, phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and detoxification enzymes makes horseradish to have a great antioxidant potential and positive effects on the health, being used from ancient times as medicinal plant. The abundance of minerals, vitamins and dietary fibre make horseradish worth to be considered as a natural functional food with a high energy value. In addition to all these biologically active compounds with specific properties for the pharmaceutical and food industry, peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) is known as a green biocatalyst for degradation of wastewater containing phenol. For economical efficient biocatalysts processes, and for a better stability of HRP in the harsh conditions of phenol degradation, immobilized enzymes are frequently used. All the immobilization methods have proven to be effective for HRP, starting to binding methods (physical adsorption, covalent binding), crosslinking, encapsulation and entrapment in porous biomaterials. The immobilized enzymatic preparations showed high specificity and selectivity and very good efficiency in removing the hazardous substants. HRP in immobilized form was also used to develop smart biosensors for detection of pollutants from wastewaters resulted from industrial processes.

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Barouh, Nathalie, Claire Berton-Carabin, Thierry Chardot, et al. "Exploring Plant Biodiversity to Extract Oil Bodies for Sustainable Food Applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wmkj8057.

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Oleoproteaginous and cereal seeds enclose a wide range of nutriments such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and various mineral and organic micronutrients. These nutrients are found under the form of natural assemblies such as oil or protein bodies or starch granules, that have interesting functionalities (micronic sizes, surface activity, high physicochemical stability, etc.). These assemblies are extracted by various processes using energy, organic solvents, steam, alone or in combination. Thus, their natural structures are often strongly damaged, and some of their functionalities disappear. Storming through natural assemblies’ biodiversity to address the societal demand for more natural and minimally-processed food, seems promising. Indeed, the soft extraction of such assemblies could be an alternative to traditional intensive fractionation methods of plant raw materials to isolate target ingredients (sucrose, starch, refined oils, etc.). This would allow energy savings and avoid solvent use, but must be balanced with potential challenges of this new green refinery scheme. The purpose of the present work is to highlight the physicochemical properties of various oil bodies from diverse plant origins. A green refinery protocol is proposed for their extraction from various matrices. Then their size distribution, surface activity, resistance to oxidation and fatty acids and liposoluble vitamins bioaccessibility is also presented. Omega-3 rich sources (linseed, chia, hemp…) are of special interest to correct the low dietary intake of US and European population as well as the ω6/ω3 balance. Oil bodies from these plant species can thus constitute new dietary carriers of ω3 and other bioactive molecules. Moreover, the combination of oil bodies with specific features (fatty acid profiles, stabilities, vitamin contents) can help meeting the requirements of specific nutritional targets (infants, children, elderly, athletes, etc.). Altogether, we are convinced that the valorization of these diverse oil bodies can be a strategic route in the development of sustainable food systems.

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Sora, Dorin, and Mădălina Doltu. "GRAFTED TOMATOES – ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION OF SOIL." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/21.

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This study aimed to identification of an ecological alternative for the chemical disinfection of soil in the greenhouses from Romania. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in the world. The carbohydrate, vitamins, salts of important mineral elements and organic acids content of tomato fruits is very important. Tomato crops are very sensitive to climatic vagaries, so fluctuation in climatic parameters at any phase of growth can affect the yield and the fruit quality. Grafting on Solanaceae is a method which has improved and spread quickly during the past years, a similar approach to crop rotation, a practice meant to increase productivity, resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and at increasing fruit quality. The research was conducted in a glass greenhouse of the Horting Institute, Bucharest, Romania. The biological material used was a Romanian tomato hybrid (Siriana F1), a Dutch tomato hybrid (Abellus F1) and four rootstocks, a Dutch tomato hybrid (Emperador F1) and three Romanian tomato cultivars (L542, L543 and L544) obtained from the Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing, Buzău, Romania. The rootstocks have had resistance to biotic stress factors (soil diseases and pests) and the chemical disinfection of soil has was eliminated. The result of this research are presented in this paper.

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Kozar, Elena, Irina Kaigorodova, Irina Engalycheva, and Natalia Mashcenko. "The moldstim influence on the Pisum sativum plants productivity and resistance." In Scientific International Symposium “Advanced Biotechnologies - Achievements and Prospects” (VIth Edition). Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/abap6.2022.59.

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Increasing the acreage of peas around the world is the main way to increase the produc-tion of vegetable protein to make up for its deﬁciency in human and animal nutrition [1, 2]. Vegetable varieties of peas (Pisum sativum L.) they form a separate group and are quite clearly separated from grain varieties by genotype [1]. The value of immature seeds (green peas) of ve-getable varieties of peas lies in the unique balanced content of essential amino acids, vitamins, biologically active substances, mineral salts [3, 4]. Currently, a special place in the technology of cultivation of agricultural crops is occupied by the use of biologically active substances of the steroid type. Steroid glycosides are seconda-ry metabolites of higher plants, consisting of a steroid aglycone and one or more sugar chains. Their pre-sowing treatment of seeds, especially with low viability, contributes to an increase in germination energy and germination, intensiﬁcation of initial growth processes, increased productivity, plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors [5, 6, 7]. Moldstim biopreparation based on furostanolic glycoside capsicoside obtained from pepper seeds (Capsicum annum L.) is recommended for use in agriculture as a bioregulator. However, in relation to vegetable peas, its biological activity has not been studied, which was the purpose of this work.

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Reports on the topic "Mineral and vitamin content"

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Galani Yamdeu, Joseph Hubert. Nutritional Analysis of the Canterbury Food Bank Emergency Parcel. Canterbury Christ Church University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.63342/cccujhgy.2025.123.

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The nutritional adequacy of Canterbury Food Bank (CFB)’s emergency food parcels for children and adults was evaluated to assess their alignment with UK Government dietary recommendations and ensure their ability to support recipients’ long-term health. The protein, fibre, calories, minerals and vitamins in the parcels often exceeded the UK Government nutrient recommendation for children (2-3 years) and adults (19-64 years), making it sufficient to last beyond the intended three-day period. Mono- and poly-unsaturated fats and mostly Vitamin D were found to be very low in the parcel foods. Possibilities for improvement of the nutritional quality of the parcels, as well as better usage of the child parcel, should follow these recommendations: (i) reduce the sugar and salt content of the parcels; (ii) increase the Vitamin D content of the parcels; (iii) consider extending the child's parcel to 5-6 days; (iv) it is not essential to substitute fruit juice with fruit squash, as this does not significantly affect the sugar content of the parcels; (v) replace mashed potatoes with vegetables savoury rice rather than tined potatoes; (vi) perform further nutritional analyses considering the scenarios recommended in this report, together with data on available and projected foods at CFB, in order to provide a clearer picture and more precise advice.

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Galani Yamdeu, Joseph Hubert, and Shey Ndogmi Yoniwo. Nutritional Analysis of the Canterbury Food Bank Emergency Parcel. Canterbury Christ Church University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.63342/cccujhgy.

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The nutritional adequacy of Canterbury Food Bank (CFB)’s emergency food parcels for children and adults was evaluated to assess their alignment with UK Government dietary recommendations and ensure their ability to support recipients’ long-term health. The protein, fibre, calories, minerals and vitamins in the parcels often exceeded the UK Government nutrient recommendation for children (2-3 years) and adults (19-64 years), making it sufficient to last beyond the intended three-day period. Mono- and poly-unsaturated fats and mostly Vitamin D were found to be very low in the parcel foods. Possibilities for improvement of the nutritional quality of the parcels, as well as better usage of the child parcel, should follow these recommendations: (i) reduce the sugar and salt content of the parcels; (ii) increase the Vitamin D content of the parcels; (iii) consider extending the child's parcel to 5-6 days; (iv) it is not essential to substitute fruit juice with fruit squash, as this does not significantly affect the sugar content of the parcels; (v) replace mashed potatoes with vegetables savoury rice rather than tined potatoes; (vi) perform further nutritional analyses considering the scenarios recommended in this report, together with data on available and projected foods at CFB, in order to provide a clearer picture and more precise advice.

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Lekander, Jillian, Kenneth J. Stalder, Anna K. Johnson, Tom Crenshaw, and Locke A. Karriker. Correlation Between Femur and Metatarsal Mineral Content in Swine. Iowa State University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-93.

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Doğanay, Özge, and Erbaş Köse. Mineral Content Variation in Oat Genotypes Grown in Different Environments. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.12.17.

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Kose, Senol, Yagmur Erım Kose, and Ibrahim Altun. A Study on Mineral Content of Whey Obtained from Turkish Strained Yogurt. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.12.18.

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Levin, Ilan, Avtar K. Handa, Avraham Lalazar, and Autar K. Mattoo. Modulating phytonutrient content in tomatoes combining engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587724.bard.

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Fruit constitutes a major component of our diet, providing fiber, vitamins, minerals, and many other phytonutrients that promote good health. Fleshy fruits, such as tomatoes, already contain high levels of several of these ingredients. Nevertheless, efforts have been invested in increasing and diversifying the content of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and flavonoids, in tomato fruits. Increasing levels of phytonutrients, such as lycopene, is highly justified from the perspective of the lycopene extraction industry due to cost effectiveness reasons. Diversifying phytonutrients, in particular those that contribute to fruit color, could potentially provide an array of attractive colors to our diet. Our major goal was to devise a novel strategy for developing tomato fruits with enhanced levels of phytochemicals known to promote good health with special emphasis on lycopene content. A further important goal was to analyze global gene expression of selected genetic lines produced throughout this study in order is to dissect the molecular mechanisms regulating phytonutrients accumulation in the tomato fruit. To achieve these goals we proposed to: 1. combine, by classical breeding, engineered polyamine metabolism with photomorphogenic high pigment mutants in order generate tomato plant with exceptionally high levels of phytonutrients; 2. use gene transfer technology for genetic introduction of key genes that promote phytonutrient accumulation in the tomato fruit, 3. Analyze accumulation patterns of the phytonutrients in the tomato fruit during ripening; 4. Analyze global gene expression during fruit ripening in selected genotypes identified in objectives 1 and 2, and 5. Identify and analyze regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast disassembly and chromoplast formation. During the 3 years research period we have carried out most of the research activities laid out in the original proposal and our key conclusions are as follows: 1. the engineered polyamine metabolism strategy proposed by the US collaborators can not increase lycopene content either on its own or in combination with an hp mutant (hp-2ᵈᵍ); 2. The hp-2ᵈᵍ affects strongly the transcriptional profile of the tomato fruit showing a strong tendency for up- rather than down-regulation of genes, 3. Ontology assignment of these miss-regulated genes revealed a consistent up-regulation of genes related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutants throughout fruit development; 4. A tendency for up-regulation was also usually observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrientbiosynthesis; however this up-regulation was not as consistent. 5. Microscopic observations revealed a significantly higher number of chloroplasts in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits in comparison to their normal fully isogenic counterparts. 6. The relative abundance of chloroplasts could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Cumulatively these results suggest that: 1. the overproduction of secondary metabolites, characterizing hp-2ᵈᵍ/hp-2ᵈᵍ fruits, is more due to chloroplast number rather then to transcriptional activation of structural genes of the relevant metabolic pathways, and 2. The molecular trigger increasing metabolite levels in hp-2ᵈᵍ mutant fruits should be traced at early stage of fruit development.

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Plouffe, A., R. C. Paulen, and I. R. Smith. Indicator mineral content and geochemistry of glacial sediments from northwest Alberta (NTS 84L, M): new opportunities for mineral exploration. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221825.

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Wilson, A. K., M. H. Bhattacharyya, D. Hurst, S. Miller, and N. Sacco-Gibson. Ovariectomy-induced changes in aged beagles: Histomorphometry and mineral content of the rib. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/515533.

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McClenaghan, M. B., B. A. Kjarsgaard, and I. M. Kjarsgaard. Indicator mineral content and geochemistry of till around the Peddie kimberlite, Lake Timiskaming, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213271.

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Sacco-Gibson, N., J. Abrams, S. Chaudhry, D. Hurst, D. Peterson, and M. Bhattacharyya. Osteoporotic-like effects of cadmium on bone mineral density and content in aged ovariectomized beagles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185066.

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