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Journal articles on the topic 'Minor and major bacterial pathogens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

WHITE, L. J., Y. H. SCHUKKEN, T. J. G. M. LAM, G. F. MEDLEY, and M. J. CHAPPELL. "A multispecies model for the transmission and control of mastitis in dairy cows." Epidemiology and Infection 127, no. 3 (December 2001): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801006100.

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Mastitis in dairy cows is a significant economic and animal welfare issue in the dairy industry. The bacterial pathogens responsible for infection of the mammary gland may be split into two main categories: major and minor pathogens. Infection with major pathogens generally results in clinical illness or strong inflammatory responses and reduced milk yields, whereas minor pathogen infection is usually subclinical. Previous investigations have considered the transmission of these pathogens independently. Experimental evidence has shown cross-protection between species of pathogens. In this stud

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Miklas, Phillip N., Valerie Stone, Carlos A. Urrea, and James S. Beaver. "Specific Genomic Regions in Common Bean Condition Resistance to Multiple Pathogens." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 451E—451. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.451e.

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A genetic linkage map of 170 RAPD markers mapped across 79 recombinant inbred lines (Dorado and XAN-176) reveal genomic regions that condition multiple disease resistance to fungal (Ashy Stem Blight—Macrophomina phaseolina), viral (bean golden mosaic virus—BGMV), and bacterial (common bacterial blight—Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) pathogens of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). A genomic site on linkage group US-1 had a major effect, explaining 18%, 34%, and 40% of the variation in phenotypic reaction to ashy stem blight, BGMV, and common bacterial blight disease, respectively. Adjacent

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Bexiga, Ricardo, Mikko T. Koskinen, Jani Holopainen, Carla Carneiro, Helena Pereira, Kathryn A. Ellis, and Cristina L. Vilela. "Diagnosis of intramammary infection in samples yielding negative results or minor pathogens in conventional bacterial culturing." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 1 (December 7, 2010): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000725.

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Up to half of quarter milk samples submitted for mastitis diagnosis are culture-negative results or lead to identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci or Corynebacterium bovis in conventional culturing, the so-called minor pathogens. The interpretation and usefulness of these results in terms of udder and animal health management is limited, even though the amount of resources spent is relatively high. This work aimed to test two methods of analysis of milk samples with the goal of increasing detection of intramammary pathogens. In the first study, 783 milk samples were processed in du

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Ulrich, Sebastian, and Frank Ebel. "Monoclonal Antibodies as Tools to Combat Fungal Infections." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6010022.

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Antibodies represent an important element in the adaptive immune response and a major tool to eliminate microbial pathogens. For many bacterial and viral infections, efficient vaccines exist, but not for fungal pathogens. For a long time, antibodies have been assumed to be of minor importance for a successful clearance of fungal infections; however this perception has been challenged by a large number of studies over the last three decades. In this review, we focus on the potential therapeutic and prophylactic use of monoclonal antibodies. Since systemic mycoses normally occur in severely immu

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Moran Losada, Patricia, Philippe Chouvarine, Marie Dorda, Silke Hedtfeld, Samira Mielke, Angela Schulz, Lutz Wiehlmann, and Burkhard Tümmler. "The cystic fibrosis lower airways microbial metagenome." ERJ Open Research 2, no. 2 (April 2016): 00096–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00096-2015.

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Chronic airway infections determine most morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Herein, we present unbiased quantitative data about the frequency and abundance of DNA viruses, archaea, bacteria, moulds and fungi in CF lower airways.Induced sputa were collected on several occasions from children, adolescents and adults with CF. Deep sputum metagenome sequencing identified, on average, approximately 10 DNA viruses or fungi and several hundred bacterial taxa.The metagenome of a CF patient was typically found to be made up of an individual signature of multiple, lowly abundant species supe

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Sain, Bhawana, Vandana Sharma, Ashok Kumar Sharma, Rakesh Goyal, and Mukesh Sharma. "DALAFLOXACIN- ANTIBACTERIAL: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i1.2018.1597.

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Antibiotics (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antiviotika), also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobials drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. Cellulitis is an infection that involves the outer layers of the skin. It is commonly caused by bacteria known as beta-hemolytic streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus. You may experience pain, swelling, tenderness, warmth, and redness in the infected area. Complicate skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common for both outpatient and hospitalized patients and traditionally include various clinical symptoms

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Kielak, Anna M., Mariana Silvia Cretoiu, Alexander V. Semenov, Søren J. Sørensen, and Jan Dirk van Elsas. "Bacterial Chitinolytic Communities Respond to Chitin and pH Alteration in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 1 (October 26, 2012): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02546-12.

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ABSTRACTChitin amendment is a promising soil management strategy that may enhance the suppressiveness of soil toward plant pathogens. However, we understand very little of the effects of added chitin, including the putative successions that take place in the degradative process. We performed an experiment in moderately acid soil in which the level of chitin, next to the pH, was altered. Examination of chitinase activities revealed fast responses to the added crude chitin, with peaks of enzymatic activity occurring on day 7. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based analyses of 1

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8

Falade, Mofolusho O., and Benson Otarigho. "Characterization of potential drug targeting folate transporter proteins from Eukaryotic Pathogens." F1000Research 6 (July 13, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10561.2.

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Background: Medically important pathogens are responsible for the death of millions every year. For many of these pathogens, there are limited options for therapy and resistance to commonly used drugs is fast emerging. The availability of genome sequences of many eukaryotic microbes is providing critical biological information for understanding parasite biology and identifying new drug and vaccine targets. Methods: We developed automated search strategies in the Eukaryotic Pathogen Database Resources (EuPathDB) to construct a protein list and retrieve protein sequences of folate transporters e

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Stocks, Claudia J., Minh-Duy Phan, Maud E. S. Achard, Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu, Nicholas D. Condon, Jayde A. Gawthorne, Alvin W. Lo, et al. "UropathogenicEscherichia coliemploys both evasion and resistance to subvert innate immune-mediated zinc toxicity for dissemination." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 7, 2019): 6341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820870116.

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Toll-like receptor (TLR)-inducible zinc toxicity is a recently described macrophage antimicrobial response used against bacterial pathogens. Here we investigated deployment of this pathway against uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the major cause of urinary tract infections. Primary human macrophages subjected EC958, a representative strain of the globally disseminated multidrug-resistant UPEC ST131 clone, to zinc stress. We therefore used transposon-directed insertion site sequencing to identify the complete set of UPEC genes conferring protection against zinc toxicity. Surprisingly, zinc-

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OLIVER, S. P., B. E. GILLESPIE, M. J. LEWIS, T. L. INGLE, and H. H. DOWLEN. "Evaluation of Chlorhexidine as a Premilking Teat Disinfectant for the Prevention of Intramammary Infections During Lactation." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.7.614.

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A study was conducted for 15 months to evaluate efficacy of a 0.35% chlorhexidine teat dip as a premilking teat disinfectant based on reduction of naturally occurring new intramammary infections. Predipping was compared with a negative control using a split-udder experimental design. All teats were dipped after milking with the same 0.35% chlorhexidine teat dip. Most new major pathogen intramammary infections were caused by Streptococcus species, primarily Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus equinus and gram-negative bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli. Percentage of quarters newly infecte

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Galfi, Annamaria, Miodrag Radinović, Dubravka Milanov, Sara Savić, Stanko Boboš, and Marija Pajić. "Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Bovine Milk from Cows with Subclinical Mastitis during the Late Lactation Period." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81097.

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Background: Lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in milk have an important role in udder resistance to infection in the involution period. Both proteins express antimicrobial activity- lactoferrin by the binding and sequestration of iron ion; and immunoglobulin G by complement activation, bacterial opsonization and agglutination. Many factors affect lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G concentrations in bovine milk, such as the stage of lactation, milk production, and intramammary infections. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in milk from healthy

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Chua, Wei-Jen, Steven M. Truscott, Christopher S. Eickhoff, Azra Blazevic, Daniel F. Hoft, and Ted H. Hansen. "Polyclonal Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Have Unique Innate Functions in Bacterial Infection." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 9 (July 9, 2012): 3256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00279-12.

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ABSTRACTMucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique population of αβ T cells in mammals that reside preferentially in mucosal tissues and express an invariant Vα paired with limited Vβ T-cell receptor (TCR) chains. Furthermore, MAIT cell development is dependent upon the expression of the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule MR1. Usingin vitroassays, recent studies have shown that mouse and human MAIT cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) infected with diverse microbes, including numerous bacterial strains and yeasts, bu

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Ariyarathne, H. M., Dermot P. Coyne, and Geunhwa Jung. "Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map and Locations of Halo Blight and Brown Spot Resistance Loci in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using RAPD Markers." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 451D—451. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.451d.

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Halo blight (HB), brown spot (BS), and rust incited by the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) and the fungal pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus, respectively, are important diseases of common beans. The objectives were to construct a RAPD linkage map, and to locate HB and BS resistance genes and genes for some other traits. One-hundred-seventy RAPD markers were mapped in 78 RI lines of the cross BelNeb 1 and A 55. Eleven main and nine minor linkage groups were identified. MAPMAKER/QTL, interval mapping, was used to identify ge

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14

Byappanahalli, M., and R. Fujioka. "Indigenous soil bacteria and low moisture may limit but allow faecal bacteria to multiply and become a minor population in tropical soils." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0009.

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The soil environment in Hawaii is generally characterised as sub-optimal but permissive to support the in situ growth of E. coli and enterococci. However, soil desiccation and competition for nutrients by major indigenous soil microflora have been identified as potential factors that could limit a rapid and continual growth of faecal indicator bacteria in this soil environment. Despite these limitations, the genetic capacities of E. coli and enterococci are robust enough to enable these bacteria to become established as minor populations of Hawaii's soil microflora. Although the concentrations

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Bagdonas, Rokas, Algimantas Tamelis, Rytis Rimdeika, and Mindaugas Kiudelis. "Nudegusių ligonių ir jų žaizdų patogenų analizė." Lietuvos chirurgija 2, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2004.3.2358.

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Rokas Bagdonas, Algimantas Tamelis, Rytis Rimdeika, Mindaugas Kiudelis Įvadas / tikslas Didžiausia nudegimų chirurgijos problema yra infekcija, nuo kurios miršta daugiau kaip 50% visų nudegusių pacientų. Nudegimų žaizda greitai infekuojasi, kadangi žaizdos aplinka yra ideali mikroorganizmams atsirasti ir daugintis. Studijoje, patvirtintoje Universiteto etikos komiteto, analizuojami nudegę pacientai ir iš nudegimo žaizdų išskirti patogenai. Pacientai ir metodai Mes analizavome 2246 nudegusius pacientus (amžiaus vidurkis – 27 metai), gydytus KMU Chirurgijos klinikose 1997–2002 metais. Nudegimo s

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Westcott, Marlena M., Curtis J. Henry, Jacqueline E. Amis, and Elizabeth M. Hiltbold. "Dendritic Cells Inhibit the Progression of Listeria monocytogenes Intracellular Infection by Retaining Bacteria in Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Rich Phagosomes and by Limiting Cytosolic Growth." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 7 (April 19, 2010): 2956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01027-09.

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ABSTRACT Dendritic cells (DC) provide a suboptimal niche for the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of immunocompromised and pregnant hosts. This is due in part to a failure of large numbers of bacteria to escape to the cytosol, an essential step in the intracellular life cycle that is mediated by listeriolysin O (LLO). Here, we demonstrate that wild-type bacteria that failed to enter the cytosol of bone marrow-derived DC were retained in a LAMP2+ compartment. An isogenic L. monocytogenes strain that produces an LLO protein with reduced pore-formin

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Faralla, Cristina, Gabrielle A. Rizzuto, David E. Lowe, Byoungkwan Kim, Cara Cooke, Lawrence R. Shiow, and Anna I. Bakardjiev. "InlP, a New Virulence Factor with Strong Placental Tropism." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 12 (October 10, 2016): 3584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00625-16.

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Intrauterine infection is a major detriment for maternal-child health and occurs despite local mechanisms that protect the maternal-fetal interface from a wide variety of pathogens. The bacterial pathogenListeria monocytogenescauses spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor in humans and serves as a model for placental pathogenesis. Given the unique immunological environment of the maternal-fetal interface, we hypothesized that virulence determinants with placental tropism are required for infection of this tissue. We performed a genomic screen in pregnant guinea pigs that led to the

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Kerksiek, Kristen M., Dirk H. Busch, Ingrid M. Pilip, S. Elise Allen, and Eric G. Pamer. "H2-M3–Restricted T Cells in Bacterial Infection." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.2.195.

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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules have been implicated in CD8+ T cell–mediated defenses against intracellular bacterial infection, but the relative importance of MHC class Ib–restricted T cells in antimicrobial immunity is unknown. In this report, we use MHC tetramers to characterize T cell responses restricted by H2-M3, an MHC class Ib molecule that selectively presents N-formyl peptides. We find that sizeable H2-M3–restricted T cell responses, occurring earlier than MHC class Ia–restricted T cell responses, are mounted after primary infection with the intracellular ba

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Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U., Seema Hooda, Robert Pieper, Ruurd T. Zijlstra, Andrew G. van Kessel, Rainer Mosenthin, and Michael G. GÃ¯Â¿Â½nzle. "Nonstarch Polysaccharides Modulate Bacterial Microbiota, Pathways for Butyrate Production, and Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli in the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 11 (April 9, 2010): 3692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00257-10.

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ABSTRACT The impact of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) differing in their functional properties on intestinal bacterial community composition, prevalence of butyrate production pathway genes, and occurrence of Escherichia coli virulence factors was studied for eight ileum-cannulated growing pigs by use of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and quantitative PCR. A cornstarch- and casein-based diet was supplemented with low-viscosity, low-fermentability cellulose (CEL), with high-viscosity, low-fermentability carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with low-viscosity, high-fermentab

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Wu, Wei, Lingzhi Huang, Qianzhuo Mao, Jing Wei, Jiajia Li, Yu Zhao, Qian Zhang, Dongsheng Jia, and Taiyun Wei. "Interaction of viral pathogen with porin channels on the outer membrane of insect bacterial symbionts mediates their joint transovarial transmission." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1767 (January 14, 2019): 20180320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0320.

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Many hemipteran insects that can transmit plant viruses in a persistent and transovarial manner are generally associated with a common obligate bacterial symbiont Sulcia and its β-proteobacterial partner. Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a plant reovirus, can bind to the envelope of Sulcia through direct interaction of the viral minor outer capsid protein P2 with the bacterial outer membrane protein, allowing the virus to exploit the ancient oocyte entry path of Sulcia in rice leafhopper vectors. Here, we show that RDV can hitchhike with both Sulcia and its β-proteobacterial partner Nasuia to ensure th

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Du, Heshan, Changlong Wen, Xiaofen Zhang, Xiulan Xu, Jingjing Yang, Bin Chen, and Sansheng Geng. "Identification of a Major QTL (qRRs-10.1) That Confers Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Using SLAF-BSA and QTL Mapping." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235887.

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The soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt (BW), a major disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum). The genetic basis of resistance to this disease in pepper is not well known. This study aimed to identify BW resistance markers in pepper. Analysis of the dynamics of bioluminescent R. solanacearum colonization in reciprocal grafts of a resistant (BVRC 1) line and a susceptible (BVRC 25) line revealed that the resistant rootstock effectively suppressed the spreading of bacteria into the scion. The two clear-cut phenotypic distributions of the disease severity i

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Quigley, Bernard R., Matthew Hatkoff, David G. Thanassi, Mahamoudou Ouattara, Zehava Eichenbaum, and June R. Scott. "A Foreign Protein Incorporated on the Tip of T3 Pili in Lactococcus lactis Elicits Systemic and Mucosal Immunity." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 3 (December 22, 2009): 1294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01037-09.

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ABSTRACT The use of Lactococcus lactis to deliver a chosen antigen to the mucosal surface has been shown to elicit an immune response in mice and is a possible method of vaccination in humans. The recent discovery on Gram-positive bacteria of pili that are covalently attached to the bacterial surface and the elucidation of the residues linking the major and minor subunits of such pili suggests that the presentation of an antigen on the tip of pili external to the surface of L. lactis might constitute a successful vaccine strategy. As a proof of principle, we have fused a foreign protein (the E

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Aničić, Neda, Uroš Gašić, Feng Lu, Ana Ćirić, Marija Ivanov, Bojan Jevtić, Milena Dimitrijević, et al. "Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Activities of Two Endemic Nepeta Species and Their Major Iridoids Isolated from Natural Sources." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14050414.

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Two Balkan Peninsula endemics, Nepeta rtanjensis and N. argolica subsp. argolica, both characterized by specialized metabolite profiles predominated by iridoids and phenolics, are differentiated according to the stereochemistry of major iridoid aglycone nepetalactone (NL). For the first time, the present study provides a comparative analysis of antimicrobial and immunomodulating activities of the two Nepeta species and their major iridoids isolated from natural sources—cis,trans-NL, trans,cis-NL, and 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (1,5,9-eDLA), as well as of phenolic acid rosmarinic acid (RA). Met

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Leduc, Isabelle, C. Dinitra White, Igor Nepluev, Robert E. Throm, Stanley M. Spinola, and Christopher Elkins. "Outer Membrane Protein DsrA Is the Major Fibronectin-Binding Determinant of Haemophilus ducreyi." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 4 (January 22, 2008): 1608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00994-07.

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ABSTRACT The ability to bind extracellular matrix proteins is a critical virulence determinant for skin pathogens. Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiological agent of the genital ulcer disease chancroid, binds extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin (FN). We investigated H. ducreyi FN binding and report several important findings about this interaction. First, FN binding by H. ducreyi was greatly increased in bacteria grown on heme and almost completely inhibited by hemoglobin. Second, wild-type strain 35000HP bound significantly more FN than did a dsrA mutant in two different FN bind

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Marschal, Matthias, Johanna Bachmaier, Ingo Autenrieth, Philipp Oberhettinger, Matthias Willmann, and Silke Peter. "Evaluation of the Accelerate Pheno System for Fast Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Positive Blood Cultures in Bloodstream Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 7 (April 26, 2017): 2116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00181-17.

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ABSTRACT Bloodstream infections (BSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Increasing rates of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens limit treatment options, prompting an empirical use of broad-range antibiotics. Fast and reliable diagnostic tools are needed to provide adequate therapy in a timely manner and to enable a de-escalation of treatment. The Accelerate Pheno system (Accelerate Diagnostics, USA) is a fully automated test system that performs both identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) directly from positive blood cultures within approximately 7 h. In t

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Pilla, Rachel, Valentina Daprà, Alfonso Zecconi, and Renata Piccinini. "Hygienic and health characteristics of donkey milk during a follow-up study." Journal of Dairy Research 77, no. 4 (May 19, 2010): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000221.

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For its characteristics, donkey milk has been proposed as an alternative to goat or artificial milk to feed allergic infants. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge on health and immunological characteristics of donkey milk. Ten donkeys, bred as companion animals, were enrolled in this study and sampled once a month, for eight months. Milk (10 ml) was collected from each half udder for somatic cell count (SCC), bacteriological analysis and total bacteria count (TBC). The major pathogens were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were further

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Hamad, Mohamad A., Chad R. Austin, Amanda L. Stewart, Mike Higgins, Andrés Vázquez-Torres, and Martin I. Voskuil. "Adaptation and Antibiotic Tolerance of Anaerobic Burkholderia pseudomallei." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 7 (May 2, 2011): 3313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00953-10.

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ABSTRACTThe Gram-negative bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomalleiis the etiological agent of melioidosis and is remarkably resistant to most classes of antibacterials. Even after months of treatment with antibacterials that are relatively effectivein vitro, there is a high rate of treatment failure, indicating that this pathogen alters its patterns of antibacterial susceptibility in response to cues encountered in the host. The pathology of melioidosis indicates thatB. pseudomalleiencounters host microenvironments that limit aerobic respiration, including the lack of oxygen found in abscesses and i

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Tejada-Arranz, Alejandro, Rute G. Matos, Yves Quentin, Maxime Bouilloux-Lafont, Eloïse Galtier, Valérie Briolat, Etienne Kornobis, et al. "RNase R is associated in a functional complex with the RhpA DEAD-box RNA helicase in Helicobacter pylori." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 5249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab283.

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Abstract Ribonucleases are central players in post-transcriptional regulation, a major level of gene expression regulation in all cells. Here, we characterized the 3′-5′ exoribonuclease RNase R from the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. The ‘prototypical’ Escherichia coli RNase R displays both exoribonuclease and helicase activities, but whether this latter RNA unwinding function is a general feature of bacterial RNase R had not been addressed. We observed that H. pylori HpRNase R protein does not carry the domains responsible for helicase activity and accordingly the purified protein is

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Balázs, Viktória Lilla, Lilla Nagy-Radványi, Rita Filep, Erika Kerekes, Béla Kocsis, Marianna Kocsis, and Ágnes Farkas. "In Vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Hungarian Honeys against Respiratory Tract Bacteria." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071632.

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Honey is a rich source of carbohydrates, while minor compounds such as amino acids and polyphenols contribute to its health-promoting effects. Honey is one of the oldest traditional remedies applied for microbial infections, due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Hungarian black locust, linden, and sunflower honeys against the most common biofilm-forming respiratory tract pathogens Haemophilus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The unifloral character

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Nelson, Christian D. S., Luisa J. Ströh, Gretchen V. Gee, Bethany A. O'Hara, Thilo Stehle, and Walter J. Atwood. "Modulation of a Pore in the Capsid of JC Polyomavirus Reduces Infectivity and Prevents Exposure of the Minor Capsid Proteins." Journal of Virology 89, no. 7 (January 21, 2015): 3910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00089-15.

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ABSTRACTJC polyomavirus (JCPyV) infection of immunocompromised individuals results in the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The viral capsid of JCPyV is composed primarily of the major capsid protein virus protein 1 (VP1), and pentameric arrangement of VP1 monomers results in the formation of a pore at the 5-fold axis of symmetry. While the presence of this pore is conserved among polyomaviruses, its functional role in infection or assembly is unknown. Here, we investigate the role of the 5-fold pore in assembly and infection of JCPyV by generating a

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SCHULZ, Benjamin L., Andrew J. SLOANE, Leanne J. ROBINSON, Lucille T. SEBASTIAN, Allan R. GLANVILLE, Yuanlin SONG, Alan S. VERKMAN, Jenny L. HARRY, Nicolle H. PACKER, and Niclas G. KARLSSON. "Mucin glycosylation changes in cystic fibrosis lung disease are not manifest in submucosal gland secretions." Biochemical Journal 387, no. 3 (April 26, 2005): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041641.

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SMG (submucosal gland) secretions are a major component of the airway surface liquid, are associated with innate immunity in the lung, and have been reported to be altered in lung disease. Changes in lung mucosal glycosylation have been reported in CF (cystic fibrosis), which may be responsible for differential bacterial binding to glycosylated components in the lung mucosa and hence increased pre-disposition to pulmonary infection. Glycoproteomic analysis was performed on SMG secretions collected from explanted bronchial tissue of subjects with severe lung disease, with and without CF, and co

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EVELINE, EVELINE, and AGUSTIN NOVITA. "Antibacterial Potential of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) Against Food Pathogen Bacteria." Microbiology Indonesia 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.14.1.3.

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Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) is commonly used as spice and flavor enhancer in food. Previous research revealed the presence of active compound which could inhibit bacterial growth. Thus, in order to apply star anise as natural antibacterial agent in food product, a further research concerning antibacterial activity and stability of star anise was conducted. Crude extract of star anise was obtained using ethanol and acetone with maceration method for 3 days, then diluted to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (w/v). Well diffusion was conducted against three food spoilage bacteria (Staphylococcus a

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Avenoso, Daniele, Anne Bradshaw, Andrew Innes, Josu de la Fuente, Eduardo Olavarria, Jane F. Apperley, and Jiří Pavlů. "Microbial Contamination of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Products: A Single Centre Experience." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5741.5741.

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Abstract Bacterial contamination of haematopoietic stem cell products (HSCP) during collection and processing is a potential risk and has been described as cause of serious morbidity and mortality. The rate of contamination is reported in the range of 0 to 4.5% in peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) apheresis to as high as 26% in bone marrow (BM) harvests. Systematic microbiological testing is an important component of the HSCP quality assessment and identification of the bacteria involved helps in the management of early infective complications. Here we report the rate of contaminated HSC

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El Mortaji, Lamya, Sylvie Aubert, Eloïse Galtier, Christine Schmitt, Karine Anger, Yulia Redko, Yves Quentin, and Hilde De Reuse. "The Sole DEAD-Box RNA Helicase of the Gastric PathogenHelicobacter pyloriIs Essential for Colonization." mBio 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): e02071-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02071-17.

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ABSTRACTPresent in every kingdom of life, generally in multiple copies, DEAD-box RNA helicases are specialized enzymes that unwind RNA secondary structures. They play major roles in mRNA decay, ribosome biogenesis, and adaptation to cold temperatures. Most bacteria have multiple DEAD-box helicases that present both specialized and partially redundant functions. By using phylogenomics, we revealed that theHelicobactergenus, including the major gastric pathogenH. pylori, is among the exceptions, as it encodes a sole DEAD-box RNA helicase. InH. pylori, this helicase, designated RhpA, forms a mini

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Brisse, Sylvain, Cees M. Verduin, Dana Milatovic, Ad Fluit, Jan Verhoef, Severine Laevens, Peter Vandamme, Burkhard Tümmler, Henri A. Verbrugh, and Alex van Belkum. "Distinguishing Species of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Burkholderia gladioli by Automated Ribotyping." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 5 (2000): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.5.1876-1884.2000.

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Several species belonging to the genus Burkholderia are clinically relevant, opportunistic pathogens that inhabit major environmental reservoirs. Consequently, the availability of means for adequate identification and epidemiological characterization of individual environmental or clinical isolates is mandatory. In the present communication we describe the use of the Riboprinter microbial characterization system (Qualicon, Warwick, United Kingdom) for automated ribotyping of 104 strains of Burkholderia species from diverse sources, including several publicly accessible collections. The main ou

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Ozer, Egon A., Ekpeno Nnah, Xavier Didelot, Rachel J. Whitaker, and Alan R. Hauser. "The Population Structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Characterized by Genetic Isolation of exoU+ and exoS+ Lineages." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 7 (June 7, 2019): 1780–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz119.

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AbstractThe diversification of microbial populations may be driven by many factors including adaptation to distinct ecological niches and barriers to recombination. We examined the population structure of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by analyzing whole-genome sequences of 739 isolates from diverse sources. We confirmed that the population structure of P. aeruginosa consists of two major groups (referred to as Groups A and B) and at least two minor groups (Groups C1 and C2). Evidence for frequent intragroup but limited intergroup recombination in the core genome was observed, c

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Gaspar, Andrew H., and Hung Ton-That. "Assembly of Distinct Pilus Structures on the Surface of Corynebacterium diphtheriae." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 4 (February 15, 2006): 1526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.4.1526-1533.2006.

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ABSTRACT Different surface organelles contribute to specific interactions of a pathogen with host tissues or infectious partners. Multiple pilus gene clusters potentially encoding different surface structures have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including actinomycetales, clostridia, corynebacteria, and streptococci. Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to assemble a pilus structure, with sortase SrtA essential for the assembly of a major subunit SpaA and two minor proteins, SpaB and SpaC. We report here the characterization of a second pilus

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Marlina. "MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) OF V. Parahaemolyticus." Jurnal Riset Kimia 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v2i2.150.

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Vol. 2, No. 2 ABSTRACT A total of 97 V. parahaemolyticus isolate from Padang were examined for their resistance to 15 antibiotics. V. parahaemolyticus isolated behaved as resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100%), rifampin (95%) and tetracycline (75%) and sensitive to norfloxacin (96%). Ampicillin still sensitive for V. parahaemolyticus isolated from human stools. All of isolates were sensitive to namely chloramphenicol and floroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin agents). RAPD-PCR profiling with three primers (OPAR3, OPAR4 and OPAR8) produced four major clusters (R1, R2, R3 and R4), 7 minor

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JUNEJA, VIJAY K., M. L. BARI, Y. INATSU, S. KAWAMOTO, and MENDEL FRIEDMAN. "Thermal Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Sous-Vide Cooked Ground Beef as Affected by Tea Leaf and Apple Skin Powders†." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.860.

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We investigated the heat resistance of a four-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef in both the absence and presence of white and green tea powders and an apple skin extract. Inoculated meat was cooked using the sous-vide technique, i.e., the meat was packaged in sterile bags and completely immersed in a circulating water bath at low temperature for a period of time. The bags were cooked for 1 h to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5°C, and then held from 240 min at 55°C to 10 min at 62.5°C. The surviving bacteria were enumerated by spiral plating onto trypti

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Lundström, Susanna L., Jianjun Li, Martin Månsson, Marisol Figueira, Magali Leroy, Richard Goldstein, Derek W. Hood, E. Richard Moxon, James C. Richards, and Elke K. H. Schweda. "Application of Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography Multiple-Step Tandem Electrospray Mass Spectrometry To Profile Glycoform Expression during Haemophilus influenzae Pathogenesis in the Chinchilla Model of Experimental Otitis Media." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 7 (May 5, 2008): 3255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01710-07.

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ABSTRACT Otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common and recurrent bacterial infection of childhood. The structural variability and diversity of H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycoforms are known to play a significant role in the commensal and disease-causing behavior of this pathogen. In this study, we determined LPS glycoform populations from NTHi strain 1003 during the course of experimental otitis media in the chinchilla model of infection by mass spectrometric techniques. Building on an established structural model of the major LPS glycoforms expr

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Mélançon, D., and D. Grenier. "Production and Properties of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances from the Swine Pathogen Streptococcus suis Serotype 2." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4482-4488.2003.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major pathogen found in the upper respiratory tract of swine. In this study, isolates of this bacterial species were tested for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Of the 38 strains tested, four inhibited the growth of other S. suis isolates according to a deferred-antagonism plate assay. Interestingly, three of the strains were originally isolated from healthy carrier pigs and were considered nonvirulent. Three isolates (94-623, 90-1330, and AAH4) that produced BLIS in liquid broth were selected for further characterizat

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JUNEJA, VIJAY K., and MENDEL FRIEDMAN. "Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Facilitate Thermal Destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef†." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.8.1604.

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The heat resistance of a four-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef in both the absence and presence of the antimicrobials carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde was tested at temperatures ranging from 55 to 62.5°C. Inoculated meat packaged in bags was completely immersed in a circulating water bath, cooked for 1 h to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5°C, and then held for predetermined lengths of time ranging from 210 min at 55°C to 5 min at 62.5°C. The surviving bacteria were enumerated by spiral plating onto tryptic soy agar overlaid with sorbitol MacConkey agar. I

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Riley, Donald E., Richard E. Berger, David C. Miner, and John N. Krieger. "Diverse and Related 16S rRNA-Encoding DNA Sequences in Prostate Tissues of Men with Chronic Prostatitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 6 (1998): 1646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.6.1646-1652.1998.

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Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is often empirical because clinical culture methods fail to detect prostate-associated pathogens in >90% of patients. Previously, we tested a variety of specific-microorganism PCRs and began a DNA sequence study after we found that 77% of prostatitis patients were PCR positive for prokaryotic rRNA-encoding DNA sequences (rDNAs) despite negative cultures using optimal techniques. In the present study, 36 rDNA clones from 23 rDNA-positive patients were sequenced. This study represents more than twice the total rDNA sequence and mor

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Ambur, Ole Herman, Tonje Davidsen, Stephan A. Frye, Seetha V. Balasingham, Karin Lagesen, Torbjørn Rognes, and Tone Tønjum. "Genome dynamics in major bacterial pathogens." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 33, no. 3 (May 2009): 453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00173.x.

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Sidhu, Raminderdeep K., Nicholas D. Cavallaro, Cicero C. Pola, Michelle D. Danyluk, Eric S. McLamore, and Carmen L. Gomes. "Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of Listeria spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 5773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205773.

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Irrigation water is a primary source of fresh produce contamination by bacteria during the preharvest, particularly in hydroponic systems where the control of pests and pathogens is a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a Listeria biosensor using platinum interdigitated microelectrodes (Pt-IME). The sensor is incorporated into a particle/sediment trap for the real-time analysis of irrigation water in a hydroponic lettuce system. We demonstrate the application of this system using a smartphone-based potentiostat for rapid on-site analysis of water quality. A detaile

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Molina, Lívio R., Hudson N. Costa, Juliana M. Leão, Victor M. R. Malacco, Elias J. Facury Filho, Antônio U. Carvalho, and Camila F. A. Lage. "Efficacy of an internal teat seal associated with a dry cow intramammary antibiotic for prevention of intramammary infections in dairy cows during the dry and early lactation periods." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 5 (May 2017): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500007.

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ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of an internal dry period teat seal containing bismuth subnitrate (Teatseal®, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA) associated with a long-acting cloxacilin preparation (Orbenin® Extra dry cow, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA), in preventing new infections during the dry-off and early postpartum period. A total of 150 Holstein cows (average production of 9,000 kg of milk per lactation), with four functional udder quarters without clinical mastitis was included in the study. All animals were dried-off 60 days before the expected c

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Abebe, Engidaw, Getachew Gugsa, and Meselu Ahmed. "Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020 (June 29, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4674235.

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Food-borne microorganisms are major pathogens affecting food safety and cause human illness worldwide as a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products contaminated with vegetative pathogens or their toxins. Most of these microbes have zoonotic importance resulting in significant impact on both public health and economic sectors. Bacteria are the causative agents of two-thirds of human food-borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. Hence, the objectives of this review paper are to highlight the background of food-borne bacterial pathogens and to review co

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Ferrieri, Patricia. "Neonatal Susceptibility and Immunity to Major Bacterial Pathogens." Clinical Infectious Diseases 12, Supplement_4 (May 1, 1990): S394—S400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_4.s394.

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Amani, Soroush, Ali Mohammadi-Najafabadi, and Ali Ahmadi. "Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Azithromycin and Co-Amoxiclav in the Treatment of Acute Sinusitis in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 11 (March 23, 2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p178.

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<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Regarding high prevalence of common cold and sinusitis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and the lack of studies on patients referring hospitals in this province, this study was conducted to determine and compare the efficacy and side effects of azithromycin and co-amoxiclav.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This study was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial. The study population of this clinical trial was consisted of 90 patients with acute sinusitis aged 12-65 years. At least two

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Kalogridou-Vassiliadou, Despina, Konstantinos Manolkidis, and Afrodite Tsigoida. "Somatic cell counts in relation to infection status of the goat udder." Journal of Dairy Research 59, no. 1 (February 1992): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990003020x.

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SummaryBacteriological analyses, cell counts using the Fossomatic method and California Mastitis Test were performed on 1523 goat milk samples taken aseptically at monthly intervals throughout lactation from three goat herds. Of the goat udders, 81·4% were infected, minor pathogens being the most frequent isolates (65·7%). Differences in the level of infection by minor pathogens were found betwccn herds. Cell counts were influenced by stage of lactation and intramammary infection. Cell counts < 106 cells/ml were found in 80% of milk samples infected by major pathogens and in 45% infected by

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