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Journal articles on the topic 'MOLECULAR QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA (QCA)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blair, Enrique, and Craig Lent. "Clock Topologies for Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 3 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8030031.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. Here, classical bits are encoded on the charge configuration of individual computing primitives known as “cells.” A cell is a system of quantum dots with a few mobile charges. Device switching occurs through quantum mechanical inter-dot charge tunneling, and devices are interconnected via the electrostatic field. QCA devices are implemented using arrays of QCA cells. A molecular implementation of QCA may support THz-scale clocking or better at room

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2

Porod, Wolfgang. "Quantum-Dot Devices and Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 10 (1997): 2199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497001606.

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We discuss novel nanoelectronic architecture paradigms based on cells composed of coupled quantum-dots. Boolean logic functions may be implemented in specific arrays of cells representing binary information, the so-called Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Cells may also be viewed as carrying analog information and we outline a network-theoretic description of such Quantum-Dot Nonlinear Networks (Q-CNN). In addition, we discuss possible realizations of these structures in a variety of semiconductor systems (including GaAs/AlGaAs, Si/SiGe, and Si/SiO 2), rings of metallic tunnel junctions, an

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3

Hänninen, Ismo, and Jarmo Takala. "Binary multipliers on quantum-dot cellular automata." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 20, no. 3 (2007): 541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0703541h.

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This article describes the design of ultra-low-power multipliers on quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology, promising very dense circuits and high operating frequencies, using a single homogeneous layer of the basic cells. We construct structures without the earlier noise problems, verified by the QCA Designer coherence vector simulation. Our results show that the wiring overhead of the arithmetic circuits grows quadratically with the operand word length, and our pipelined array multiplier has linearly better performance-area efficiency than the previously proposed serial-parallel

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Pintus, Alberto M., Andrea Gabrieli, Federico G. Pazzona, Giovanni Pireddu, and Pierfranco Demontis. "Molecular QCA embedding in microporous materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 15 (2019): 7879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00832b.

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We propose an environment for information encoding and transmission via a nanoconfined molecular Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) wire, composed of a single row of head-to-tail interacting 2-dots molecular switches.

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5

Cong, Peizhong, and Enrique P. Blair. "Clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata circuits tolerate unwanted external electric fields." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 23 (2022): 234304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090171.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) may provide low-power, general-purpose computing in the post-CMOS era. A molecular implementation of QCA features nanometer-scale devices and may support [Formula: see text]THz switching speeds at room-temperature. Here, we explore the ability of molecular QCA circuits to tolerate unwanted applied electric fields, which may come from a variety of sources. One likely source of strong unwanted electric fields may be electrodes recently proposed for the write-in of classical bits to molecular QCA input circuits. Previous models have shown that the input circuit

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6

POROD, WOLFGANG. "QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA DEVICES AND ARCHITECTURES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 09, no. 01 (1998): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649800004x.

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We discuss novel nanoelectronic architecture paradigms based on cells composed of coupled quantum-dots. These ideas of a transistor-less approach represent a radical departure from conventional technology. We utilize a strategy which exploits the physical interactions between quantum-dots arranged in suitably designed cellular arrays. Boolean logic functions may be implemented in specific arrays of cells representing binary information, the so-called Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Cells may also be viewed as carrying analog information and we outline a network-theoretic description of su

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Sen, Bibhash, Ayush Rajoria, and Biplab K. Sikdar. "Design of Efficient Full Adder in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/250802.

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Further downscaling of CMOS technology becomes challenging as it faces limitation of feature size reduction. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Investigations on the reduction of QCA primitives (majority gates and inverters) for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference. As a result, design of adders under QCA framework is gaining its importance in recent research. This work targets developing multi-layered full adder architecture in QCA framework based on five-input majority gate prop

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8

Dey, Debarati, Pradipta Roy, and Debashis De. "Design and Electronic Characterization of Bio-Molecular QCA: A First Principle Approach." Journal of Nano Research 49 (September 2017): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.49.202.

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Molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata is the most promising and challenging technology nowadays for its high operating frequency, extremely high device density and non-cryogenic working temperature. In this paper, we report a First Principle approach based on analytical model of 3-dot Bio Molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata. The device is 19.62Å long and this bio molecular Quantum dot Cell has been made with two Adenine Nucleotide bio-molecules along with one Carbazole and one Thiol group. This whole molecular structure is supported onto Gold substrate. In this paper, two Adenine Nucleot

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9

Liza, Nishattasnim, Dylan Murphey, Peizhong Cong, David W. Beggs, Yuihui Lu, and Enrique P. Blair. "Asymmetric, mixed-valence molecules for spectroscopic readout of quantum-dot cellular automata." Nanotechnology 33, no. 11 (2021): 115201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac40c0.

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Abstract Mixed-valence compounds may provide molecular devices for an energy-efficient, low-power, general-purpose computing paradigm known as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). Multiple redox centers on mixed-valence molecules provide a system of coupled quantum dots. The configuration of mobile charge on a double-quantum-dot (DQD) molecule encodes a bit of classical information robust at room temperature. When arranged in non-homogeneous patterns (circuits) on a substrate, local Coulomb coupling between molecules enables information processing. While single-electron transistors and single-

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10

Ardesi, Yuri, Giuliana Beretta, Marco Vacca, Gianluca Piccinini, and Mariagrazia Graziano. "Impact of Molecular Electrostatics on Field-Coupled Nanocomputing and Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Circuits." Electronics 11, no. 2 (2022): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020276.

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The molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing (FCN) is a promising implementation of the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) paradigm for future low-power digital electronics. However, most of the literature assumes all the QCA devices as possible molecular FCN devices, ignoring the molecular physics. Indeed, the electrostatic molecular characteristics play a relevant role in the interaction and consequently influence the functioning of the circuits. In this work, by considering three reference molecular species, namely neutral, oxidized, and zwitterionic, we analyze the fundamental devices, aimin

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11

Bahadori, Golnaz, Monireh Houshmand, and Mariam Zomorodi-Moghadam. "Design of a fault-tolerant reversible control unit in molecular quantum-dot cellular automata." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 01 (2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500107.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising emerging nanotechnology that has been attracting considerable attention due to its small feature size, ultra-low power consuming, and high clock frequency. Therefore, there have been many efforts to design computational units based on this technology. Despite these advantages of the QCA-based nanotechnologies, their implementation is susceptible to a high error rate. On the other hand, using the reversible computing leads to zero bit erasures and no energy dissipation. As the reversible computation does not lose information, the fault detectio

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12

Alharbi, Mohammed, Gerard Edwards, and Richard Stocker. "An Ultra-Energy-Efficient Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata 8:1 Multiplexer Circuit." Quantum Reports 6, no. 1 (2024): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum6010004.

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Energy efficiency considerations in terms of reduced power dissipation are a significant issue in the design of digital circuits for very large-scale integration (VLSI) systems. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging ultralow power dissipation approach, distinct from traditional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, for building digital computing circuits. Developing fully reversible QCA circuits has the potential to significantly reduce energy dissipation. Multiplexers are fundamental elements in the construction of useful digital circuits. In this paper, a n

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Haruehanroengra, Sansiri, and Wei Wang. "Efficient Design of QCA Adder Structures." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.553.

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Optimizing arithmetic primitives such as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) adders is important for investigating high-performance QCA computers in this emerging nano-technological paradigm. In this paper, we demonstrate that QCA ripple carry adder and bit-serial adder designs actually outperform carry-look-ahead and carry-select adder designs because of the increase in required interconnects. Simulation results obtained by using the QCADesigner tool for the proposed adder designs are also presented.

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14

Wang, S.-F., and X.-J. Xu. "A fractional-order quantum neural network: dynamics, finite-time synchronization." Physica Scripta 98, no. 11 (2023): 115205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acfc31.

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Abstract A model of fractional-order quantum cellular neural network (FoQCNN) by using fractional-order quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is constructed and its dynamics are analyzed. Then, a robust finite-time synchronization scheme using terminal sliding mode control (SMC) technique is proposed. And then, taking the perturbed FoQCNN model with uncertainties and external disturbances as an example, the results are simulated which present the proposed scheme is effective. It has robust synchronization performance and good anti-interference ability, which provides a theoretical basis for the

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15

Santana Bonilla, Alejandro, Rafael Gutierrez, Leonardo Medrano Sandonas, Daijiro Nozaki, Alessandro Paolo Bramanti, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "Structural distortions in molecular-based quantum cellular automata: a minimal model based study." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 33 (2014): 17777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02458c.

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Molecular-based quantum cellular automata (m-QCA) offer a novel alternative in which binary information can be encoded in the molecular charge configuration of a cell and propagated via nearest-neighbor Coulombic cell–cell interactions. Structural distortions of the cells may have however a sensitive influence on the m-QCA response and thus, potentially alter its functionality.

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16

Wang, Y., and M. Lieberman. "Thermodynamic Behavior of Molecular-Scale Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Wires and Logic Devices." IEEE Transactions On Nanotechnology 3, no. 3 (2004): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2004.828576.

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17

Rahimi, Ehsan, and Jeffrey R. Reimers. "Molecular quantum cellular automata cell design trade-offs: latching vs. power dissipation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 26 (2018): 17881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02886a.

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A new way of using molecules to enact switches in quantum cellular automata (QCA) is proposed, utilizing monostable molecules that neither provide latching nor consume power; properties are compared to those for conventional bistable switches that both latch and consume power.

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18

Jeon, Jun-Cheol, Amjad Almatrood, and Hyun-Il Kim. "Multi-Layered QCA Content-Addressable Memory Cell Using Low-Power Electronic Interaction for AI-Based Data Learning and Retrieval in Quantum Computing Environment." Sensors 23, no. 1 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010019.

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In this study, we propose a quantum structure of an associative memory cell for effective data learning based on artificial intelligence. For effective learning of related data, content-based retrieval and storage rather than memory address is essential. A content-addressable memory (CAM), which is an efficient memory cell structure for this purpose, in a quantum computing environment, is designed based on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). A CAM cell is composed of a memory unit that stores information, a match unit that performs a search, and a structure, using an XOR gate or an XNOR gate

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19

Vahabi, Mohsen, Pavel Lyakhov, and Ali Newaz Bahar. "Design and Implementation of Novel Efficient Full Adder/Subtractor Circuits Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Technology." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188717.

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One of the emerging technologies at the nanoscale level is the Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology, which is a potential alternative to conventional CMOS technology due to its high speed, low power consumption, low latency, and possible implementation at the atomic and molecular levels. Adders are one of the most basic digital computing circuits and one of the main building blocks of VLSI systems, such as various microprocessors and processors. Many research studies have been focusing on computable digital computing circuits. The design of a Full Adder/Subtractor (FA/S), a composite

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20

Palii, Andrew, Sergey Aldoshin, and Boris Tsukerblat. "Functional Properties of Tetrameric Molecular Cells for Quantum Cellular Automata: A Quantum-Mechanical Treatment Extended to the Range of Arbitrary Coulomb Repulsion." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 8 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8080092.

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We discuss the problem of electron transfer (ET) in mixed valence (MV) molecules that is at the core of molecular Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) functioning. Theoretical modelling of tetrameric bi-electronic MV molecular square (prototype of basic QCA cell) is reported. The model involves interelectronic Coulomb repulsion, vibronic coupling and ET between the neighboring redox sites. Unlike the majority of previous studies in which molecular QCA have been analyzed only for particular case when the Coulomb repulsion energy significantly exceeds the ET energy, here we do not imply assumptions o

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21

Kim, Hyun-Il, and Jun-Cheol Jeon. "Quantum LFSR Structure for Random Number Generation Using QCA Multilayered Shift Register for Cryptographic Purposes." Sensors 22, no. 9 (2022): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093541.

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A random number generator (RNG), a cryptographic technology that plays an important role in security and sensor networks, can be designed using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). This cryptographic transformation is currently done through CMOS. It has been developed by reducing the size of the gate and increasing the degree of integration, but it has reached the limit of integration due to the quantum tunneling phenomenon. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), one of the quantum circuit design technologies to replace this, has superior performance compared to CMOS in most performance area

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22

Zimborás, Zoltán, Terry Farrelly, Szilárd Farkas, and Lluis Masanes. "Does causal dynamics imply local interactions?" Quantum 6 (June 29, 2022): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-06-29-748.

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We consider quantum systems with causal dynamics in discrete spacetimes, also known as quantum cellular automata (QCA). Due to time-discreteness this type of dynamics is not characterized by a Hamiltonian but by a one-time-step unitary. This can be written as the exponential of a Hamiltonian but in a highly non-unique way. We ask if any of the Hamiltonians generating a QCA unitary is local in some sense, and we obtain two very different answers. On one hand, we present an example of QCA for which all generating Hamiltonians are fully non-local, in the sense that interactions do not decay with

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23

Karim, Faizal, and Konrad Walus. "Calculating the steady-state polarizations of quantum cellular automata (QCA) circuits." Journal of Computational Electronics 13, no. 3 (2014): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-014-0573-0.

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24

Tsukerblat, Boris, Andrew Palii, and Sergey Aldoshin. "In Quest of Molecular Materials for Quantum Cellular Automata: Exploration of the Double Exchange in the Two-Mode Vibronic Model of a Dimeric Mixed Valence Cell." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 5 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7050066.

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In this article, we apply the two-mode vibronic model to the study of the dimeric molecular mixed-valence cell for quantum cellular automata. As such, we consider a multielectron mixed valence binuclear d2−d1–type cluster, in which the double exchange, as well as the Heisenberg-Dirac-Van Vleck exchange interactions are operative, and also the local (“breathing”) and intercenter vibrational modes are taken into account. The calculations of spin-vibronic energy spectra and the “cell-cell”-response function are carried out using quantum-mechanical two-mode vibronic approach based on the numerical

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25

Palii, Andrew, Shmuel Zilberg, and Boris Tsukerblat. "Theoretical Hints to Optimize Energy Dissipation and Cell–Cell Response in Quantum Cellular Automata Based on Tetrameric and Bidimeric Cells." Magnetochemistry 10, no. 10 (2024): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10100073.

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This article is largely oriented towards the theoretical foundations of the rational design of molecular cells for quantum cellular automata (QCA) devices with optimized properties. We apply the vibronic approach to the analysis of the two key properties of such molecular cells, namely the cell–cell response and energy dissipation in the course of the non-adiabatic switching of the electric field acting on the cell. We consider two kinds of square planar cells, namely cells represented by a two-electron tetrameric mixed valence (MV) cluster and bidimeric cells composed of two one-electron MV d

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26

Alharbi, Mohammed, Gerard Edwards, and Richard Stocker. "Hybrid Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Nanocomputing Circuits." Electronics 13, no. 14 (2024): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142760.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging transistor-less field-coupled nanocomputing (FCN) approach to ultra-scale ‘nanochip’ integration. In QCA, to represent digital circuitry, electrostatic repulsion between electrons and the mechanism of electron tunnelling in quantum dots are used. QCA technology can surpass conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in terms of clock speed, reduced occupied chip area, and energy efficiency. To develop QCA circuits, irreversible majority gates are typically used as the primary components. Recently, some studies have i

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AlKaldy, Esam, Ali H. Majeed, Mohd Shamian Zainal, and Danial MD Nor. "Optimum multiplexer design in quantum-dot cellular automata." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp148-155.

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<p>Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the most important computing technologies for the future and will be the alternative candidate for current CMOS technology. QCA is attracting a lot of researchers due to many features such as high speed, small size, and low power consumption. QCA has two main building blocks (majority gate and inverter) used for design any Boolean function. QCA also has an inherent capability that used to design many important gates such as XOR and Multiplexer in optimal form without following any Boolean function. This paper presents a novel design 2:1 QC

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Qanbari, Mahdie, and Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan. "Two Novel Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Full Adders." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/561651.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an efficient technology to create computing devices. QCA is a suitable candidate for the next generation of digital systems. Full adders are the main member of computational systems because other operations can be implemented by adders. In this paper, two QCA full adders are introduced. The first one is implemented in one layer, and the second one is implemented in three layers. Five-input majority gate is used in both of them. These full adders are better than pervious designs in terms of area, delay, and complexity.

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Jayshree, Chouksey, and Deepak Pancholi Er. "Review Paper on Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Using Nanoelectronics." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (2018): 2205–7. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18214.

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In quantum dot cellular automata emerge the electronic circuits. This technology takes more attention because of current silicon transistor technology faces many problems. The main advantages of QCA is fast speed and low power consumption. A quantum dot cell can be used to make gates AND, OR and NAND wires and memories also. The QCA has main benefits is faster speed reduced size digital circuits and minimum power consumption. In this paper QCA circuit design basic logic gate with the help of MV, Invertors and QCA wire. Jayshree Chouksey | Er. Deepak Pancholi "Review Paper on Quantum Dot C

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Alharbi, Mohammed, Gerard Edwards, and Richard Stocker. "Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit." Nanomaterials 13, no. 17 (2023): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13172445.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell and electrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lower power, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial compon

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31

S, Aruna Kumari, Bhavani K, Gayathri A, Sirisha K, Yeswanth Sai Kumar Ch, and Kiran D. "Low Latency of Comparator Deign using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 11, no. 03 (2025): 05–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14995801.

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Logic gates and QCA wires can be implemented by Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). In this paper, one bit, four bit and eight-bit comparators are designed based on QCA. QCA Designer is used to simulate the circuits. The results show that the proposed comparators are of correct logic function. Analysis shows that the latency of proposed circuits does not increase linearly with bit size. Hence the proposed circuit has good delay property. The QCA based designs have been validated and subjected to simulation using the QCA Designer tool ver. 2.0.3.

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Zhang, Ming Liang, Li Cai, Xiao Kuo Yang, Huan Qing Cui, and Zhi Chun Wang. "Implementation of Convolutional Encoder in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.1078.

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As a nanoelectronic system, Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is very likely to present high defect and fault rates. Therefore making QCA bits distortion-free is a necessary work. In this paper, we present the QCA based rate-1/2 and memory length-2 convolutional encoders that can generate one kind of error correcting codes from the perspective of information redundancy. Three schemes of layouts are presented and compared, and the majority-based type has the compactest layout and lowest latency. Our simulation results demonstrate that these encoders can all functionally work.

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Cui, Huanqing, Xiaokuo Yang, Bo Wei, Mingliang Zhang, Shuqing Dou, and Yongshun Xia. "Programmable Synchronous 2-Bit Counter in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2625, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2625/1/012011.

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Abstract Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a newly-developed nanoscale electron device that has the potential to replace the conventional transistor in the future. Owing to the unique field-coupling mechanism of QCA, several constraints must be fulfilled during the design of QCA sequential circuits, which makes the construction of sequential circuits a relatively intractable issue in QCA research. In this paper, a programmable synchronous 2-bit counter in QCA is proposed, which is consisted of combinational logic and falling edge-triggered JK flip-flops. The count mode of the programmable

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34

Harshith, V., and B. Ramesh K. "Design of Basic Logic Gates Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)." Recent Trends in Analog Design and Digital Devices 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6387528.

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<em>Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the promising budding technologies which is able to properly replace the old semiconductor transistor technology at the Nano scale level. It is attractive for its size, fast speed, feature, very scalable, high frequency switching and low power consumption compared to CMOS technology. In the near future the QCA may take over CMOS because of its significant benefits. This paper is discusses the implementation and simulation of the results of various logic gates using quantum dot cellular automata (QCA). Continued intricate designs can be made usi

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S, Brilly Sangeetha, and Mary Florida L. "QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA BASED FULL ADDER COMPLEXITY REDUCTION." ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics 9, no. 1 (2023): 1513–16. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijme.2023.0262.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a promising technology for the construction of quantum circuits with or without memory. In this article, we propose that the matching unit of the content-addressable memory (CAM) cell be developed utilising a multi-layered XNOR gate that is based on electron interactions. The proposed QCA cell can reduce the required area by at least 15% and by as much as 92% when compared to the existing circuits. Furthermore, when the circuit is expanded to include QCA-CAM, it can improve performance by more than 15%. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of the cell as t

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Yao, Fenghui, Mohamed Saleh Zein-Sabatto, Guifeng Shao, Mohammad Bodruzzaman, and Mohan Malkani. "Nanosensor Data Processor in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259869.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an attractive nanotechnology with the potential alterative to CMOS technology. QCA provides an interesting paradigm for faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption in comparison to transistor-based technology, in both communication and computation. This paper describes the design of a 4-bit multifunction nanosensor data processor (NSDP). The functions of NSDP contain (i) sending the preprocessed raw data to high-level processor, (ii) counting the number of the active majority gates, and (iii) generating the approximate sigmoid function. The wh

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Cui, Huanqing, Li Cai, Sen Wang, Xiaoqiang Liu, and Xiaokuo Yang. "Accurate reliability analysis method for quantum-dot cellular automata circuits." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 29 (2015): 1550203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502033.

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Probabilistic transfer matrix (PTM) is a widely used model in the reliability research of circuits. However, PTM model cannot reflect the impact of input signals on reliability, so it does not completely conform to the mechanism of the novel field-coupled nanoelectronic device which is called quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). It is difficult to get accurate results when PTM model is used to analyze the reliability of QCA circuits. To solve this problem, we present the fault tree models of QCA fundamental devices according to different input signals. After that, the binary decision diagram (

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Shahidinejad, Ali, Ali Farrokhtala, Saman Asadi, Maryam Mofarrahi, and Toni Anwar. "A Novel Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata XOR Design." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.545.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology that promises faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption compared to the transistor-based technology. Moreover, XOR is a useful component for the design of many logical and functional circuits. This paper proposes a novel and efficient QCA XOR design. The proposed XOR design has been compared to a few recent designs in terms of area, speed and complexity. Comparison of results illustrates significant improvements in our design as compared to traditional approaches. Also simulation proves that the proposed XOR design

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Shahidinejad, Ali, and Ali Selamat. "Design of First Adder/Subtractor Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3392.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology that provides faster speed, smaller size and lower power consumption compared to the current transistor-based technology. Adder/ subtractor is a useful component for the design of many computation systems and functional circuits. This paper proposes a practical XOR design in QCA. Then the first adder/subtractor circuit in QCA is designed and simulated using the proposed XOR design. Results of simulation were carried out using QCADesigner.

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Sherif, Noora H., Mohammed Hussien Ali, and Najim Abdallah Jazea. "Design and implementation reversible multiplexer using quantum-dot cellular automata approach." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (2022): 3383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4307.

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Rapid progress in the field of nanotechnology includes using quantum dot-cellular automata (QCA) as a replacement for conventional transistor-based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits in the construction of nano-circuits. Due to ultra low thermal dissipation, rapid clocking, and extremely high density, the QCA is a rapidly growing field in the nanotechnological field to inhibit the field effect transistor (FET)-based circuit. This paper discusses and evaluates two multiplexer (MUX) architectures: an innovative and effective 4×1 MUX structure and an 8×1 MUX structures using

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Noora, H. Sherif, Hussien Ali Mohammed, and Abdallah Jazea Najim. "Design and implementation reversible multiplexer using quantum-dot cellular automata approach." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (2022): 3383~3391. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4307.

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Rapid progress in the field of nanotechnology includes using quantum dotcellular automata (QCA) as a replacement for conventional transistor-based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits in the construction of nano-circuits. Due to ultra low thermal dissipation, rapid clocking, and extremely high density, the QCA is a rapidly growing field in the nanotechnological field to inhibit the field effect transistor (FET)-based circuit. This paper discusses and evaluates two multiplexer (MUX) architectures: an innovative and effective 4×1 MUX structure and an 8×1 MUX struct

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Zilberg, Shmuel. "Design of Light‐Induced Molecular Switcher for the Driver of the Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) Based on the Transition through the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) Structure." Israel Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 5-6 (2020): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201900148.

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Sen, Bibhash, Siddhant Ganeriwal, and Biplab K. Sikdar. "Reversible Logic-Based Fault-Tolerant Nanocircuits in QCA." ISRN Electronics 2013 (June 16, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/850267.

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Parity-preserving reversible circuits are gaining importance for the development of fault-tolerant systems in nanotechnology. On the other hand, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. This work targets design of reversible ALU (arithmetic logic unit) in QCA (Quantum-dot Cellular Automata) framework. The design is based on the fault tolerant reversible adders (FTRA) introduced in this paper. The proposed fault tolerant adder is a parity-preserving gate, and QCA implementation of FTRA achieved 47.38% fault-free output

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Abbas, Rezaei. "Implementation of a Complete Gate for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." Boson Journal of Modern Physics 2, no. 2 (2015): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3969479.

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In the last few decades, scaling in feature size and increase in processing power have been achieved by conventional CMOS technology. Due to basic physical limitations, the conventional VLSI technology faces serious challenging problems in feature size reduction. Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) has the potential to be one of the features promising nanotechnologies because of higher speed, smaller size and lower power consumption in comparison with transistor-based technology. In this paper, a complete Gate structure for implementation in QCA is presented. The inputs of the proposed structu

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Deepika Nain. "Comparisons of Existing Quantum-Dot-Cellular Automata (QCA) Structures with Previous Models." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 25s (2025): 181–94. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i25s.3965.

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Quantum dot cellular automata, however, have been the most efficient nanotechnology devices over the last 30 years. It has fast speed, low energy dissipation, and high device density and high process efficiency compared with the complementary metal oxide semiconductors technology. To further optimize, additional strategies such as the tile method, clocking scheme, cell positioning, cell layout, etc. as well as simplification of Boolean expressions are used. These techniques increase the QCA Cells, total circuit size, output latency, power consumption, and coplanar or multilayer layout performa

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Sreelekha Busi, A Durga Bhavani, Tirumala Krishna Battula. "Implementation of Digital Differentiators using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 5 (2023): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i5.2457.

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when it come to scaling of the circuits, the CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology is no longer in the effect, as the semiconductor industry has come up with many number of technologies to reduce the size of the circuit and a single component the technologies has been changed. One of them is the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata. The size of the basic cell used in QCA is in nanometer. Hence by using the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata(QCA) various circuits are designed, here in this work the design of a digital differentiator has been considered. The digital differentiators like

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Sumana, G., and G. Anjan Babu. "Adder with Efficient Speed and Area by Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Technology." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, S3 (2019): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.s3.2073.

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The lessening in transistor estimate by following field’s law made chip unpredictability with more computational capacity. The present size of the transistor needs to decrease more, which prompts nanotechnology. The quantum-dot cell automata come extremely close to nanotechnology presents one of the conceivable arrangements in defeat this physical breaking point, even though the designs with QCA technology are not a fundamental basic. In this brief by considering quantum-dot cell automata (QCA) innovation idea a greater part door based adder is outlined. The effectiveness in territory and spee

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MARDIRIS, VASILIOS A., and IOANNIS G. KARAFYLLIDIS. "DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MODULAR QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA MULTIPLEXERS FOR MEMORY ACCESSING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 02 (2010): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006104.

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Multiplexers are extremely important parts of signal control systems. Some critical circuits of computing systems, like memories, use large multiplexers in order to present the value of a specific memory cell to their output. Several quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits have been designed and the need for a QCA memory access system becomes prominent. A modular 2n to 1 QCA multiplexer covering small area could reduce the size of such circuits and conclusively could increase circuit integration. In this paper we present a novel design of a small size, modular quantum-dot cellular automat

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Kotte, Sujatha, and Ganapavarapu Kanaka Durga. "Energy efficient improved content addressable memory using quantum-dot cellular automata." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 4 (2024): 3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3801-3808.

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging technology with high integration density, low power consumption, and high operating speed. This study introduces a QCA-based modified content addressable memory (CAM) cell employing a five-input minority gate. The functionality, temperature sensitivity, and heat distribution of this modified CAM cell are comprehensively analyzed using QCADesigner E and QCA Pro simulation tools. The results reveal significant advancements over existing designs, with a remarkable 8.33% reduction in area and a substantial 63.7% decrease in energy consumption. Add

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Xu, Z. Y., M. Feng, and W. M. Zhang. "Universal quantum computation with quantum-dot cellular automata in decoherence-free subspace." Quantum Information and Computation 8, no. 10 (2008): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic8.10-7.

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We investigate the possibility to have electron-pairs in decoherence-free subspace (DFS), by means of the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) and single-spin rotations, to deterministically carry out a universal quantum computation with high-fidelity. We show that our QCA device with electrons tunneling in two dimensions is very suitable for DFS encoding, and argue that our design favors a scalable quantum computation robust to collective dephasing errors.

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