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1
Lefebvre, Maxime. "La social-démocratie face au triptyque nation/Europe/mondialisation." Le Débat 159, no. 2 (2010): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deba.159.0178.
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Betz, Hans-Georg. "Contre la mondialisation : xénophobie, politiques identitaires et populisme d’exclusion en Europe occidentale*." Articles 21, no. 2 (January 7, 2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000477ar.
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Résumé Ces dernières années, la droite radicale populiste en Europe de l’Ouest a élaboré une position idéologique plus précise, laquelle est caractérisée par l’évocation du droit à la différence et une défense du particularisme culturel. Ces deux aspects sont employés afin de mobiliser un électorat contre la perception de deux grandes menaces externes à la culture et aux valeurs des sociétés européennes, soit la mondialisation et l’Islam. Par cette idéologie, la droite populiste a réussi à étendre sa clientèle au-delà des soi-disant groupes menacés par la modernisation économique, sociale et culturelle des sociétés occidentales. En raison de l’importance accrue des enjeux politiques de type culturel, notamment le thème de l’identité collective dans l’espace politique contemporain, l’idéologie populiste de droite constitue un défi de taille pour les démocraties pluralistes.
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Nivet, Bastien. "Europe, mondialisation et gouvernance mondiale. L'Union européenne entre légitimation et dissolution." Futuribles, no. 369 (November 29, 2010): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/futur/36919.
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Durugönül, Esma. "Turkish Return Migration from Europe." European Review 21, no. 3 (July 2013): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000379.
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Return migration has been one of the rather neglected aspects of migration until recently, although a considerable number of international migrants as well as inter-regional migrants return to their place of origin. Nevertheless, since the beginning of the 1990s, the interest for issues related to return migration has grown considerably. In the context of Turkish return migration there still is a lack of information about the motives for returning, the new social status, the levels of satisfaction and reintegration as well as the employment and income of emigrants who have returned home. This paper aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Turkish migration in the context of Europe as well as on the history of Turkey as a country of immigration.
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Chamussy, Henri. "Postmodernisme et nouveaux espaces en France." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 41, no. 114 (April 12, 2005): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022674ar.
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Dans les sociétés postindustrielles, les nouveaux modes de vie, caractérisés par la facilité des communications matérielles et immatérielles entraînent un rapport à l'espace radicalement nouveau. C'est cet aspect de la postmodernité (notion fort polysémique) qui intéresse les géographes. On peut se demander si la mondialisation, qui semble inhérente aux sociétés postindustrielles, n'entraîne pas, par choc en retour, des replis identitaires, des «reterritorialisations», des retours à des conceptions de l'organisation de l'espace qui semblaient disparues à jamais. En France, le retour du pays (un des concepts fondateurs de la géographie française) comme cadre spatial et social d'aménagement et de développement local, tel qu'il est prévu par la Loi d'orientation pour l'aménagement (1995) connaît un succès étonnant. Malgré de fortes ambiguïtés, c'est peut-être l'amorce d'une revitalisation de la vie locale, échappant à un découpage administratif que l'on croyait intangible.
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BRUGIAVINI, AGAR. "Early retirement in Europe." European Review 9, no. 4 (October 2001): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870100045x.
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Retirement behaviour has been the focus of attention of much microeconomic research in recent years. At the same time, most industrialized countries are struggling with reforming their retirement systems to counteract adverse demographic shocks. Early retirement is an important aspect both in explaining retirement behaviour and in forecasting the future of welfare systems. In particular, early retirement is related to an important policy puzzle: it may be optimal to increase the legal retirement age, however we do not know enough of the behavioural response of workers to policy changes and whether these would be effective measures to counteract future fiscal imbalances. Social security systems (and many private pension plans) in Europe have encouraged early exits. This paper reviews the empirical literature on early retirement, with particular reference to OECD countries. The basic message emerging from our work is that much could be learnt by having better quality data, in particular micro-level data that could be used to estimate behavioural responses having under control the many factors affecting retirement decisions, including institutional factors and allowing for full cross country comparability.
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Irimie, Rada Cristina. "eParticipation Issues in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i3.p16-34.
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Today, Information and Communication Technologies have developed to the extent of amplifying political procedures that are central to the contemporary civic society, such as political participation and citizen engagement. eParticipation is a multidisciplinary field of study, which is particularly relevant in several contexts and environments, e.g. digital democracy, public services, open government, popular social media etc. This paper addresses the eParticipation framework in the European context, during the last 10 years.Our research will explore theoretically and empirically how citizen participation is achieved through social media and digital public services. The article explores both the cultural and political environments that favor the development of eParticipation initiatives, with the study of networking interactions based on social and public policy initiatives. We are particularly interested in the public policy formulations that embrace eParticipation and most importantly the recent developments in the field, which include a number of eConsultation, ePolling, eLegislation, eElectioneering, eVoting etc. A review of the good practice examples in eParticipation policy development will help us identify the strengths and weaknesses of the digital framework. Within the context of social value, we want to explore the aspect of eParticipation in the broader political scene, by examining the role of digital participation in political crises. By drawing examples based on case studies of public policy formulation in European countries, the research suggests a correlation between digital innovation and challenging politics. The framework is originally designed to be sustainable for the European societies and it places citizens in the center of its conception. It is, however, argued that the interaction between public policy innovation and citizen engagement needs continuous scholarly attention and study.
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Irimie, Rada Cristina. "eParticipation Issues in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p16-34.
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Today, Information and Communication Technologies have developed to the extent of amplifying political procedures that are central to the contemporary civic society, such as political participation and citizen engagement. eParticipation is a multidisciplinary field of study, which is particularly relevant in several contexts and environments, e.g. digital democracy, public services, open government, popular social media etc. This paper addresses the eParticipation framework in the European context, during the last 10 years.Our research will explore theoretically and empirically how citizen participation is achieved through social media and digital public services. The article explores both the cultural and political environments that favor the development of eParticipation initiatives, with the study of networking interactions based on social and public policy initiatives. We are particularly interested in the public policy formulations that embrace eParticipation and most importantly the recent developments in the field, which include a number of eConsultation, ePolling, eLegislation, eElectioneering, eVoting etc. A review of the good practice examples in eParticipation policy development will help us identify the strengths and weaknesses of the digital framework. Within the context of social value, we want to explore the aspect of eParticipation in the broader political scene, by examining the role of digital participation in political crises. By drawing examples based on case studies of public policy formulation in European countries, the research suggests a correlation between digital innovation and challenging politics. The framework is originally designed to be sustainable for the European societies and it places citizens in the center of its conception. It is, however, argued that the interaction between public policy innovation and citizen engagement needs continuous scholarly attention and study.
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Pavolini, Emmanuele, Daniel Béland, and Rana Jawad. "Mapping the relationship between religion and social policy." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 33, no. 3 (October 2017): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1363801.
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AbstractReligion is a major aspect of human life that directly intersects with a number of social policy issues. Although much has been written about the religion-social policy nexus, the literature remains overly fragmented. Focusing primarily on Western Europe and North America, this review essay seeks to create a fruitful dialogue among the three main streams of research in the area, which respectively that focus on political parties, faith-based organisations, and individual behaviour. This essay has the goal of formulating a new, integrated agenda for future research on the religion and social policy nexus that also extends beyond Western societies.
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Frericks, Patricia, Ralf Och, and Julia Höppner. "The Family in Minimum Income Benefits in Europe: An Institutional Analysis." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 27, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 615–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz003.
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Abstract Whether and to what extent the means of family members and familial care activities are relevant in the calculation of welfare benefits is often neglected in welfare state analysis. By quantifying qualitative institutional data, we analyze this aspect and how it has changed in regard to minimum-income benefits for persons of pension age and unemployed persons in ten European welfare states. We find no general trend toward individualization of entitlements but a decreasing relevance of family for the entitlements of persons of pension age, and increasing relevance for the unemployed. The evidence underlines significant differences between countries and family-related dimensions.
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Nałęcz, Hanna, Łukasz Skrok, Dawid Majcherek, and Elżbieta Biernat. "Through Sport to Innovation: Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in European Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 10489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410489.
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Using clustering and principal component analysis, we demonstrate that—at the national level in Europe—innovativeness correlates strongly to both social capital and participation in sport. In this aspect, countries such as the Scandinavian countries and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe differ visibly. Referring to prior empirical research, we claim that a causal relation between sports, through social capital, and innovativeness can be established. In the context of social capital accumulation, we further discuss the role of sports clubs, often perceived as a socially intensive form of participation in sport, but most likely diminishing in this respect lately.
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Bargheer, Stefan. "Building a global scientific community." International Sociology 35, no. 2 (March 2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580920906677.
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The three volumes reviewed in this essay assemble over 40 case studies written by more than 50 contributors that trace the development of the social sciences and humanities in Europe (East and West) and a number of countries in Latin America, North Africa, and East Asia. Two of these volumes grew out of the European research project ‘International Cooperation in the Social Sciences and Humanities’ (INTERCO-SSH); the third volume extends the focus of this project to Eastern Europe. A particularly innovative aspect shared by all contributions is the application of a transnational research perspective.
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Kulaga, Maxim. "Consequences of the Radicalization of Migration Policy In Western Europe: Socio-Economic Aspect." DEMIS. Demographic Research 1, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.3.7.
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The problem of regulating migration flows in the European Union has existed for a long time and is becomingmore difficult and complex every year. Due to the complexity of the distribution of migrants among the member countries of the organization, as well as the divergence of domestic interests of individual countries and the pan-European policy vector, internal opposition arises, which is expressed in protests and political initiatives that radicalize society. Such trends are developing especially actively in the countries of Western Europe, the most economically developed and progressive, which have taken over most of the legal migrants who have arrived. The migration policy of Western European countries has undergone a very strong metamorphosis over the past five years. Since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2015, it is possible to trace a significant strengthening and tightening of measures regulating the situation of migrants on the territory of states. It should be noted that during the same period, a new round of development of radical parties followed in many European countries, but it was in Western European countries that radical changes in politics took place. It is quite difficult to determine what impact migrants have on the state of the economy of states, as well as their relations with the indigenous inhabitants of Western European countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this article will be to consider the socio-economic impact of migrants on the countries of Western Europe during the period of radicalization of the policy of the states of the region in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used in this study, it is necessary to distinguish empirical and theoretical ones, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis. The sources were considered on the basis of a system-structural approach to the study of complex political and social processes and phenomena, taking into account many aspects of the development of modern society and the political process in the countries. The analysis of the current situation was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, cultural and political continuity. The results of this study can be used in the future to form effective methods of countering social conflicts arising as a result of migration.
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Mésini, Béatrice. "Les Sans dans les forums sociaux. Luttes aux confins et lignes de confront." Note de recherche 28, no. 1 (May 21, 2009): 193–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001730ar.
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Résumé Au tournant du siècle, le processus de « dissémination » des forums sociaux et des contre-sommets s’est accéléré, gagnant progressivement l’ensemble des nations, des continents et des régions. Les mouvements de Sans, quasi absents du premier Forum social mondial (FSM) et sous-représentés au second, ont progressivement réalisé leur inclusion dans ces espaces, arguant de la centralité de leur lutte au coeur de la question sociale. En tant que groupes constamment mobilisés dans les luttes sociales contre l’ordre libéral, les Sans (chômeurs, RMistes, handicapés, malades, sans-papiers, sans-logement, sans-terre), dotés de statut repoussoir, hors statut et souvent sans représentation institutionnelle, syndicale et politique, viennent grossir le cortège des identités culturelles et territoriales laminées par la mondialisation libérale. Inscrite dans une sociologie de l’action, cette analyse décentrée sur les acteurs et multipolarisée sur des segments de luttes, tente de rendre lisible la diversité des revendications portées par les acteurs dans les forums sociaux, en contrechamp des représentations partielles et partiales, retraduites par les politiques et les médias traditionnels. Nous montrerons comment ce groupe social des Sans, virtuel et latent dans les années 1990, s’est agrégé dans les forums par affiliation successive de mouvements en France, en Europe et sur divers continents, jusqu’à devenir un « groupe en soi », réactualisant l’urgence de la question sociale, notamment autour des rapports de domination de classe, de caste, de race, de genre… Puis nous envisagerons comment cet acteur-sujet des Sans sert de réceptacle à la mémoire collective des luttes dans le temps et l’espace, en offrant un double cadre à la fois interprétatif des méfaits de la mondialisation libérale, mais aussi prospectif, comme espace producteur de solidarités face aux politiques sécuritaires et répressives, menées à l’encontre des pauvres, des exclus et des militants de leur cause.
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Bakanova, Anna Valentinovna. "“Danse Macabre” in Catalonia: historical-philological aspect." Litera, no. 6 (June 2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.6.33183.
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The object of this research is the theatricalizes “Danse Macabre” in the Catalonian city Verges is the only extant in La Bisbal province testimony of the popular in Medieval Western Europe traditions of Macabre. “Danse Macabre” in Verges takes place on a Maundy Thursday: five actors-skeletons with the symbolic inventory in their hands – scythe, colors, urns with ash and hourglass – move to the sounds of drums and remind spectators on the brevity of life and implacable approach of death. The presence of Macabre images in the Medieval art and literature is substantiated by crisis mentality caused by the Black Death and military conflicts. The conclusions on the archetypical features and authentic elements in Catalonian “Danse Macabre” are based on the research of historical-literary context, examination of the main scientific hypothesis regarding the Iberian trace in the emergence of this synthetic genre form, analysis of the circle beginning of Catalonian “Dance Macabre” under the influence of oriental presence on the peninsula. The author assesses modern approaches towards “Danse Macabre” with their sad procession of the representatives of all social classes to mass manifestations of democratic spirit of irreconcilability and resistance, democratic satire that is fighting for social equality facing death and acting against impunity of the powers that be.
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Holttum, Sue. "Research watch: men’s social inclusion and suicide prevention." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 22, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-06-2018-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore recent research on reducing suicide, especially in men, who are often seen as excluding themselves from needing support, or they are excluded because people think they do not want it. Design/methodology/approach A search was carried out for recent papers on suicide prevention in men. Findings One study of 75 regions of Europe reported a link between higher value on giving social support and lower suicide rates, especially for men. Another study reported on the fall in a previously high suicide rate, especially in men, in Quebec province in Canada. A programme of suicide prevention may have contributed to this reduction. Finally, a small interview study reported on how certain kinds of encounters with professionals can inspire hope to carry on after a suicide attempt. Originality/value The two papers looking at regions (across Europe and one province of Canada) suggest how social forces may contribute to reducing suicide, especially in men. The Canadian study suggests the possibility that suicide might be reduced partly by enabling help-seeking in men to be seen as a positive aspect of masculine identity, rather than seeing masculinity as excluding men from support. The small qualitative study illustrates vividly how individual encounters after a suicide attempt might promote hopefulness and are relevant to both sexes.
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Birch, Lisa. "Une école pour le monde, une école pour tout le monde : L'éducation québécoise dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (March 2008): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080256.
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Une école pour le monde, une école pour tout le monde : L'éducation québécoise dans le contexte de la mondialisation., Jocelyn Berthelot, VLB Éditeur, 2006, 220 pages.Jocelyn Berthelot, chercheur à la Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ) et membre du Centre de recherche et d'intervention sur la réussite scolaire (CRIRES), décortique les effets pervers du néolibéralisme sur le système d'éducation au Québec et ailleurs pour ensuite proposer un projet éducatif et social de remplacement basé sur les principes de l'égalité, de l'intégration sociale, de la justice sociale et de la démocratie. Érudit et éclectique, cet ouvrage bien documenté nous présente dans un premier acte une synthèse bien structurée de l'histoire de la mondialisation et les enjeux sociaux, économiques et politiques qui en découlent. Le deuxième acte décrit le “nouvel ordre éducatif mondial” d'inspiration néolibérale et en expose les conséquences, engendrées par la marchandisation de l'éducation et l'introduction des notions de concurrence, notamment les glissements inégalitaires auxquels l'école publique doit faire face dans nos démocraties. En conclusion, le troisième acte propose un plaidoyer passionné et cohérent en faveur d'un projet social de démocratisation de l'éducation et, par ricochet, d'une politique multisectorielle de lutte intégrée contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale. Chaque acte inclut des comparaisons très intéressantes entre l'expérience québécoise et ce qui se passe ailleurs en Amérique du Nord, en Europe, en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande. Des résultats de recherches dans le domaine ainsi que des réflexions de philosophes éclairent l'analyse du début à la fin et agrémentent la lecture. Même si, à certains endroits, l'analyse pourrait être légèrement plus nuancée, cet ouvrage a le mérite d'identifier clairement les failles de l'éducation québécoise et de les mettre en perspective. De plus, il a le courage de dépasser le stade de la critique en proposant un débat autour d'un modèle de remplacement, un “New Deal”, qui vise à recentrer l'éducation autour des grandes valeurs démocratiques.
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Lazarova, V., B. Levine, J. Sack, G. Cirelli, P. Jeffrey, H. Muntau, M. Salgot, and F. Brissaud. "Role of water reuse for enhancing integrated water management in Europe and Mediterranean countries." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0571.
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Recycling water is an important aspect of water resource and environment management policies, ensuring reliable alternative water resources, reducing environmental pollution and achieving a more sustainable form of development. This paper focuses on wastewater reuse as a strategy for integrated water management. Key economic, financial, regulatory, social and technical factors that help to make water reuse projects successful are reviewed. Selected examples from Northern and Western Europe and arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions illustrate the contribution of wastewater reuse to integrated management of water resources.
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Losonc, Alpar. "Is it possible to install social capitalism in post socialist transition?" Sociologija 49, no. 2 (2007): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0702097l.
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Recently Claus Offe has raised the question concerning the fate of the European model of social capitalism. Can the model of social capitalism survive European integration amongst current tendencies? Offe assumes that this model has been challenged by the processes of globalisation and by the integration of postsocialist countries into the European Union. The working hypotheses of this article is that a relatively coherent answer to this question may be offered. The article is divided into three parts. The first part starts with Polanji?s socio-economic theory and emphasizes the importance of this approach for analyzing tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in post-socialist countries. The author argues that Polanyi?s theory enables us to explain the forms of embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945, as well as the orientation of non-embedded neoliberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. The central element of social capitalism, namely, the welfare-state, despite globalizing tendencies projected by neoliberalism, still has dimensions of continuity. In the second section it is argued that an asymmetrical structure has arisen between Western Europe and the non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialisation of capitalism. Neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of transferring ideal-type capitalism is much more strongly implemented in transition countries. In the third part the author pleads for a broadening of the meaning of welfare to take into account the ecological aspect of welfare in countries in transition. The author insists that embeddedness must also include socio-ecological aspects of transition processes in postsocialist countries. Moreover, this theoretical approach provides an opportunity to explain the failures in implementing neoliberalism in postsocialist countries. If we introduce socio-ecological aspects we are in a much better position to answer Offe?s question.
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Grdešić, Marko. "The Strange Case of Welfare Chauvinism in Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cpcs.2020.53.3.107.
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According to welfare chauvinism, access to the welfare state should be reserved for the native population, whereas immigrants are seen as a drain on resources. The curious aspect of welfare chauvinism in Europe is that it is more prevalent in the East. Why is this the case? This article uses the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) in order to locate the most robust individual-level determinants of welfare chauvinism for countries of both Eastern and Western Europe. The results suggest that there is no support for the socioeconomic explanation of welfare chauvinism. There is support for the cultural capital explanation of welfare chauvinism, but only for Western Europe. Finally, there is support for the theory that higher levels of trust lessen the likelihood that a person adopts welfare chauvinism. This finding holds for both Eastern and Western Europe.
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Tiemann, Guido. "The Nationalization of political parties and party systems in post-communist Eastern Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 1-2 (March 2012): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.02.009.
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Party system nationalization is a crucial aspect of political competition. The territories of Eastern Europe have often been characterized by outstanding levels of territorial heterogeneity. However, during and after World War II ethnic cleansing and forced migration resulted in more homogeneous nation states, and these trends were significantly reinforced by bureaucratic, centralized communist rule. I present a systematic empirical assessment of party and party system homogeneity or heterogeneity in post-communist Eastern Europe and will discuss some major macrosociological and institutional factors determining the degree of party and party system nationalization such as the political consequences of social diversity and political cleavages, legacies of the communist regimes, electoral systems, and federalism.
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Gundelach, Birte, and Anita Manatschal. "Ethnic Diversity, Social Trust and the Moderating Role of Subnational Integration Policy." Political Studies 65, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321716644613.
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Increasing ethnic diversity and whether or not it impacts on social trust are highly debated topics. Numerous studies report a negative relationship between diversity and trust, particularly in the United States. A growing body of follow-up studies has examined the extent to which these findings can be transferred to Europe, but the results remain inconclusive. Moving beyond the discussion of the mere existence or absence of diversity effects on trust, this study is concerned with the moderation of this relationship. It addresses the neglected role of subnational integration policies influencing the impact of diversity on trust. Empirical tests not only indicate that integration policies moderate the relationship but also suggest that the influence of policies varies substantively according to the specific policy aspect under consideration.
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Ericksno, Christopher L., and Sarosh Kuruvilla. "Labor Costs and the Social Dumping Debate in the European Union." ILR Review 48, no. 1 (October 1994): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404800103.
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This study examines the labor cost incentive for capital movement in manufacturing within the European Union, a key aspect of the “social dumping” debate in Western Europe. The authors find that the percentage differences in unit labor costs between the more developed and less developed countries in the Union not only were large in 1980 but actually grew between 1980 and 1986, and separate estimates of compensation and productivity growth rates do not indicate that significant convergence occurred over the remainder of the 1980s. Although these findings apparently confirm that a labor cost incentive for capital mobility does exist, analysis of foreign direct investment data indicates that during the period 1980–88 capital flows to the lower labor cost countries actually were not much larger than capital flows to the higher labor cost countries.
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Ezhov, Ilya M. "Political Asylum as a Source of Problems and Paradoxes in the EU." RUDN Journal of World History 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-4-361-369.
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The prolonged migration crisis in Europe has led not only to social upheaval on the continent, but also to reforms in the migration law. The author analyzes the origins and foundations of political asylum as a major aspect of international law and its impact on the development of the migration crisis in Europe. The author uses a combination of a systemic, comparative and historical (historicalgenetic) methods. The aim of the study is to identify characteristic features and analyze the history of the development of the procedure for granting political asylum by European countries and the impact of the right to asylum on the entire migration policy of Europe. The study is interdisciplinary in nature at the intersection of the theory and history of international relations, law, sociology and political science.
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Ljubojević, Gordana, and Nina Maksimović-Sekulić. "Serbian agricultural cooperatives and their path towards the European Union: Legal aspect." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 68, no. 1 (2021): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2101173l.
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The association of farmers as a model of sustainable rural development is a significant factor in the rapid development of agriculture and the improvement of the position of agricultural producers. The economic importance of cooperatives in the world and Europe is continuously growing, especially in the conditions of global and regional economic and financial crises, when cooperatives show a high degree of resistance to the shocks of these crises and a high percent of survival on the market. The European Union recognizes the growing role of cooperatives. The European Commission define the cooperative sector as protector and promoter of the European model of social economy, and as an extremely important factor in building and preserving local "social capital" - trust, mutual assistance and horizontal ties between citizens and organizations. New EU members and candidate countries preparing to join the EU, including the Republic of Serbia, should promote cooperatives as a key aspect of economic development and social policy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current legal position of agricultural cooperatives in Serbia, and to determine the degree of harmonization with EU regulations and comparative analysis of their legal regulation in the EU Member States. Based on the conducted analysis, recommendations will be proposed in order to improve the legislative framework of agricultural cooperatives in Republic of Serbia in order their future successful functioning on the EU market.
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Głowacka-Grajper, Małgorzata. "Memory in Post-communist Europe: Controversies over Identity, Conflicts, and Nostalgia." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 32, no. 4 (June 24, 2018): 924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418757891.
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This article is part of the special cluster titled Social practices of remembering and forgetting of the communist past in Central and Eastern Europe, guest edited by Malgorzata Glowacka-Grajper Controversies over social memory form an important aspect of reality in the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe. On the one hand, there are debates about coming to terms with the communist past and the Second World War that preceded it (because important parts of the memory of the war were “frozen” during the communist era), and, on the other hand, and intimately connected to that, are discussions about the constant influence of communism on the current situation. This article presents some of the main trends in research on collective memory in the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe and reveals similarities and differences in the process of memorialization of communism in the countries of the region. Although there are works devoted to a comparative analysis of memory usage and its various interpretations in the political sphere in the countries of Eastern Europe, there are still many issues concerning daily practices (economic, religious, and cultural) associated with varying interpretations of the war and the communist past which needs further elaboration and analysis.
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Allen, Garland E. "Eugenics and American social history, 1880–1950." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-156.
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Eugenics, the attempt to improve the human species socially through better breeding was a widespread and popular movement in the United States and Europe between 1910 and 1940; Eugenics was an attempt to use science (the newly discovered Mendelian laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, alcoholism, prostitution, rebelliousness), using trained experts. Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect. Much of the impetus for social and economic reform came from class conflict in the period 1880–1930, resulting from industrialization, unemployment, working conditions, periodic depressions, and unionization. In response, the industrialist class adopted firmer measures of economic control (abandonment of laissez-faire principles), the principles of government regulation (interstate commerce, labor), and the cult of industrial efficiency. Eugenics was only one aspect of progressive reform, but as a scientific claim to explain the cause of social problems, it was a particularly powerful weapon in the arsenal of class conflict at the time.Key words: eugenics, social genetics.
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Qaiser, Zarfishan, and Khushbakht Qaiser. "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: AN ILLUSION OR REALITY." Global Political Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).35.
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Business enterprises and their policies of conducting business have always been considered as debatable, and another aspect is following social and environmental regulations of jurisdictions in which companies conduct their business-either domestic enterprises or international ones. In different scenarios, companies self-regulate themselves and, in this prospect, environmental conduct cannot be adhered to properly. On the other hand, it has been observed that MNC's increasingly self-regulate their environmental conduct. Experience shows that when the MNC's or the polluting companies faced with strong environmental regulations, they move their base of operations to another country with lower (thus cheaper) standards and it affects that country massively. The same situation when it appears with a domestic company, it tries to disguise its fallacy through lack of regulations and policy within its own jurisdiction. What can be done to stop this? Indeed, there are various examples historically such as Lubbe v Cape PLC etc., and similarly, more stringent waste regulations in Europe and other industrialized nations can also help. What about stakeholders and internal management, and how do the repercussions of not adapting to the principles of corporate social responsibility?
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Zhuravska, Nina. "The Employee Resourcing of Human Resources Management: A Comparative Aspect." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2019-0022.
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Abstract The article analyzes the requirements for employee resourcing of human recourses management in the countries of Western, Central and Eastern Europe and the USA. It is found that the set of documents which create the regulatory, methodological and legal support for the functioning of human resources management as a system is incorporated into the regulatory framework of human resources management. In turn, the regulatory and methodological support of the human resources management system is a set of organizational, organizational and methodological, organizational and managerial, technical, regulatory and technical, technical and economic and economic documents, as well as reference documents, which establish norms, rules, requirements, characteristics, methods and other data used in organizing workplace and human resources management and are approved in due course by the competent authority or the leadership of the company. The employee resourcing of the human resources management system is viewed as the necessary quantitative and qualitative composition of human resources employees in the company. It is specified that considerable attention should be paid to the legal support of the human resources management system, that is, the use of means and forms of legal influence on the bodies and objects of human resources management to achieve the effective functioning of the company. It is clarified that the models of social partnership in different countries differ in the organizational mechanism, norms and rules on the regulation of social and employment relations, the level of the procedure centralization and the participation of the state in social dialogue. It is concluded that the main objectives of the legal support for the human resources management system include the legal regulation of business relations which are formed between employers and employees, the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of employees arising from employment relations.
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Siddiqui, Mona. "Religious pluralism: Essential or challenge to liberal democracy?" Philosophy & Social Criticism 46, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453720908464.
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While religious pluralism is often regarded as a defining aspect of western liberal democracies, the mix of different religious and cultural identities has raised specific challenges for liberal democracies in Europe. Many religious communities, especially Muslim groups, face criticisms of seeking religious exceptionalism within legal structures which are largely secular. This article reflects on the tension between the state’s commitment to upholding cultural diversity as a democratic good and the limits of social and legal pluralism.
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Georgieva, Mariya Georgieva. "Sustainable development through corporate social responsibility." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 10, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v10i3.4690.
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In the 21st century, business and society demonstrate a stronger strive for achieving a stable balance between social, economic and ecological goals, which is the basis of the concept for sustainable development. In the context of “Europe 2020,” the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affirms its role as one of the most effective strategies for achieving this kind of development. The aim of this article therefore , is to clarify the conceptual nature of CSR by putting an emphasis on the Carroll’s pyramid, and its importance to the corporate social initiatives as an expression of company’s commitment to CSR. This article is a qualitative article that gives an exposition on the implementation of CSR and its communication effect. This exposition proves that CSR offers many other positive effects for the companies apart from the strong communication effect to their current and prospective clients. By examining the six types of corporate social initiatives and their main characteristics and by putting a strong em phasis on the benefits that their implementation has in marketing and especially in branding aspect, this article attempts to outline the marketing perspectives of CSR considered as strategy for sustainable development
Keywords: Branding, Corporate social initiatives, Corporate Social Responsibility, Marketing, Sustainable development
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Falkovskyi, Andrii, and Olga Dzhezhik. "FORMATION OF THE MODERN CONCEPT OF EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL NEO-INSTITUTIONALISM." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-221-226.
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In the scientific discourse of the XXI century, the concept of modern Europe is being reformed under the influence of reforming the activities of the European Union. Scientific publications and research are conducted based on a study of the policies of the European Union countries, EU institutions and structural elements, and the problems that arise in the process of activity and development. The concept of modern Europe is a general term that embraces European values, the European standard of living, European policy, and European priorities, giving the concept of European studies a stable association with the European Union. In this context, the main causes and consequences for the scientific discourse, political practice, and future development of European countries must be considered. Neoinstitutionalists have attempted to analyse institutions based on atomistic methodology. Institutional transformations, processes of intra-European integration and enlargement of the EU, discussions on membership and exit from the EU raise issues of identity and development of governance in Europe. Europeanisation can be seen as a discourse, governance, and institutionalisation. The first interpretation emphasizes that modern Europe is a discourse, not only ideological but also administrative. In this sense, Europeanisation can be a means of expression of institutional globalization through domestic policy. In the article, the hypothesis is put forward and proved that the interpretation of the concept of modern Europe directly correlates with the future development of the European Union and its members. The dissemination of exclusive practices will help to spread the ideas of radical “Eurosceptics”, which could lead to the collapse of the European Union. The inclusive aspect of the concept of Europe is represented by the ideas of “Europeists” who, based on the common history, culture, mentality of the peoples of Europe, substantiate the positive influence on the state development of integration, non-state cooperation, and extrapolation of EU norms and principles into the new territories of Europe. There are three main reasons for shaping the concept of Europe as the boundaries of EU policy: The consolidation of political positions of the European Union and its growing role as an actor in world politics; Essence of the EU enlargement concepts; Features of development within the European community. The modern concept of Europe is considered in the context of a modern multi-level governance model. Therefore, Europeanisation is the interaction of different layers of interests, including structures of regional, multi-level governance, legitimacy of domestic and foreign policy. The impact of the multi-level governance system on the functioning of public administration systems in the Member States and neighbouring countries is considered. Four approaches are identified based on the analysis of relationships between different levels of governance. The necessity of formulating new theoretical paradigms defining the relations between the Member States and the technocratic institutions of the EU, as well as between the Europeanised system of national agencies and the ministries overseeing their activities, has been proved.
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Sierra, María. "Creating Romanestan: A Place to be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe." European History Quarterly 49, no. 2 (April 2019): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691419836909.
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This article examines the political formula of Romanestan as conceived by Ionel Rotaru (1918–1982), a Romanian refugee in France after the Second World War. Romanestan is the most visible aspect of an ambitious plan demanding rights for those labelled Gypsies throughout the world. This study is of interest because it sheds new light on the problems of social and political readjustment after the Second World War from the standpoint of racial exclusion. Rotaru’s project was both the response to longstanding historical racist aggression and also a crucial turning point in the formation of Romani ethnic identity. What makes its study interesting is that the formula of the Romanestan wove the right to exist of those regarded as Gypsies into a creative transnational political project. Based on classified documents, this article highlights the political nature of processes of ethnicization and assesses the performative power of symbols.
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Syroyid, Tetyana. "Women’s right to health – modern challenges: international legal aspect." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4 (December 29, 2020): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-74-81.
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The article contains a detailed analysis of international legal acts regulating women's right to health; the focus is on problematic aspects that need to be addressed, including: violence, HIV / AIDS, protection during a pandemic of COVID-19. The article highlights the provisions of the following universal and regional acts of a general nature: the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993), Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (2011), Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (2003). The article also covers proceedings of international intergovernmental forums, strategic documents, reports of the UN Secretary-General focusing on the general protection of women's rights and, in particular, the right to health, including the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (1993), the Beijing Declaration (1995), Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health (2010), Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescent's Health (2016-2030), Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (2020), Report of the Secretary-General UN "Shared Responsibility, Global Solidarity: Responding to the Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19" (2020) etc. The emphasis is placed on the importance of general and special recommendations developed by international treaty monitoring bodies - the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in the field of women's health, which oblige states to comply with, protect and enforce rights in this area. In order to improve the situation in the field of protection of women's rights, the appropriate conclusions and recommendations on the im-plementation of the provisions of these acts into national state legislation have been made.
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Einwiller, Sabine A., and Craig E. Carroll. "Negative disclosures in corporate social responsibility reporting." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-05-2019-0054.
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PurposeThis study aims to reveal the quantity, quality and cultural differences of negative corporate social performance (CSP) disclosures in large firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Firms are expected to be transparent about the impacts and outcomes of their CSP. A central aspect of transparency is balance, which means disclosing both positive and negative CSP.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis was applied to 75 CSR reports of large firms chosen from the Forbes Top 500 list. The firms belong to three cultural clusters: Anglo, Confucian Asia and Germanic/Nordic Europe.FindingsFirms made few negative CSP disclosures, yet the quantity of negative CSP disclosures varied among cultural clusters. Reports from Germanic/Nordic Europe showed the highest number of negative CSP disclosures, reports from Confucian Asia showed the lowest number and the Anglo cluster's number fell in between. The Asian firms communicated corrective actions more often than firms from the other clusters.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on negative CSP disclosures in the CSR reports – not omitting negative CSP. The practice of self-laudatory CSR communication decreases the likelihood that relevant stakeholders will believe what firms report about.Originality/valueStudies on the quality and quantity of negative disclosures are rare; by examining cultural differences, this study contributes to the limited body of knowledge.
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Beňo, Rastislav, Gabriela Hrdinová, Peter Sakál, and Lubomir Šmida. "The Time Analysis of Material Flow with Methods Time Measurement - Contribution to CSR Implementation at the Level of Industrial Production I." Applied Mechanics and Materials 309 (February 2013): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.309.302.
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In the light of the strategy Europe 2020, which is focused on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth [ and the document: Renewed EU Strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for the period 2011 to 2014, together with the opinion of the Section for Employment, Social Affairs and Citizenship [ a targeted focus on CSR becomes the objective necessity for the companies. Through the CSR companies can achieved the long-term confidence of employees and customers, thereby the environment that allows innovation and growth can create. According to the idea of: Think globally, act locally is necessary to act socially and responsibly already at grassroots level of management hierarchy, whereby during the fulfilment the social aspect of corporate social responsibility is necessary to respect the status of employees, their physical and mental possibilities.
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Patterson, Sarah E., and Rachel Margolis. "The Demography of Multigenerational Caregiving: A Critical Aspect of the Gendered Life Course." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311986273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119862737.
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Multigenerational caregiving is important because it affects social and economic outcomes. Existing studies usually exclude theoretically and empirically important aspects—emotional care and horizontal care—that may systematically underestimate gender differences. In this study, we comprehensively describe caregiving by gender and age and examine how sensitive estimates are to the inclusion of directions and types of care. Using the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) in Europe (N = 114,147), we find that women are more likely to provide care than men across the life course, and gender gaps are largest during critical periods for human capital accumulation. Significant gender gaps in favor of more women providing care are found in most countries, especially when emotional caregiving is included, but in some countries, more men provide care at the oldest ages. These findings highlight how measuring caregiving well is critical to understanding the gendered life course.
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Gmerek, Liliana. "Przyszłość Europy wobec zagrożeń ekologicznych." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2010.1.5.
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The article discusses the possible ecological and environmental threats that Europe can be faced with in the nearest future, along with the possible scenarios of the damage. The analysis presents several ideas for dealing with the threats, as well as problem-solving models, with special attention paid to Jeremy Rifkin’s ‘Third Industrial Revolution Concept’. The basis of the concept is the social aspect of the ecological change that the future may bring about. The demands and challenges that will have to be met as a result of the change are central for this article.
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Boyle, Maryellen. "Building a Communicative Democracy: The Birth and Death of Citizen Politics in East Germany." Media, Culture & Society 16, no. 2 (April 1994): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344379401600202.
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What has formed historically here is best left to history. This also holds true for the issue of the German nation and of the forms of German statehood. What is important now is the political aspect. There are two German states with different social and political systems. Each of them has values of its own. Both of them have drawn lessons from history, and each of them can contribute to the affairs of Europe and the world. And what there will be in a hundred years is for history to decide.
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Tanasescu, Tudor. "THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND ITS CONSECRATION REGULATIONS AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 4 (November 23, 2014): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i4.1617.
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The Council of Europe is the main international organization with vocation intergovernmental regional/European which has the fundamental objective consecration and protection of human rights. The Organization shall constitute the institutional framework in which had been initiated and developed, under the aspect its rules and mechanisms, the best international system in human rights domain, European system consecration and protection of human rights.Main conventional legal instruments in the promotion and protection of human rights domain at the European level, adopted within the framework of the Council of Europe, on the basis of which have been created and the institutions and mechanisms specific to this field are: the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, European Social Charter and the European Convention on indefeasibility war crimes and crimes against humanity, European Convention for the prevention of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or, framework Convention for the protection of ethnic minorities national, and so on.
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Cohen, Y. "Value in mental healthcare: The patient aspect." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S54—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.931.
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From the patients’ point of view, valued-based mental healthcare is mental healthcare based on a holistic vision of care, according to which patients are actively involved in their treatment to achieve the best possible outcomes. They are invited to collaborate with both mental health care providers such as psychiatrists and primary caregivers to determine what types of treatment are the most effective.GAMIAN-Europe believes that the best package of care includes the following four elements:– medication – antipsychotic medication is consensually regarded as first-line treatment for people with mental health problems;– psychotherapy/counselling – although antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for mental health problems, pharmacotherapy alone produces only limited improvement in negative symptoms, cognitive function, social functioning and quality of life. Additionally, many patients continue to suffer from persistent positive symptoms and relapses, particularly when they fail to adhere to prescribed medications. These situations emphasize the need for multimodal care, which includes psychosocial therapies as adjuncts to antipsychotic medications in order to alleviate symptoms and to improve social functioning and quality of life;– psycho-education – the more a patient learns about his/her condition the better placed he/she will be to take control of it. Psycho-education embodies this principle by using a clearly-defined therapeutic programme, in which a trained therapist delivers targeted information designed to reduce both the frequency and the severity of symptoms. Psycho-education increases patients’ knowledge and understanding of their illness and treatment options and helps them cope more effectively. Many people find that they benefit not only from the information they receive during psycho-education, but also from the learning process itself. There are several different ways in which psycho-education can be delivered, including one-to-one sessions with a therapist, sessions aimed specifically at carers and family members, group sessions attended by several people coping with mental illness and mixed group sessions attended by people with mental illnesses and family members;– self-help – self-help groups offer patients a voice and an audience with the time and inclination to listen to patients’ concerns and reassure them and ease their anxiety. For example, a self-help group may be able to quell anxiety regarding side effects, to reassure the patient, from first-hand experience, that these side effects are transient, normal and non-threatening and will diminish over time. The real experts on living with a mental disorder are those who are already doing so. Therefore, most support groups are full of people who can share information about how they have managed to cope with their illnesses.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Beciu, Camelia, and Mirela Lazar. "Production d’identités et modes d’engagement dans les débats médiatiques sur la migration en Europe: Le cas de la Roumanie." Social Science Information 54, no. 1 (November 10, 2014): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414554731.
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One structuring aspect of today’s media culture targets the way the media act both as agents and as instruments of identity construction. Taking a socio-discursive approach to the public space, this article demonstrates the media’s auctorial activity in terms of the production of identity and engagement modes. Analysis of Romanian political talk-shows on labor migration in European countries reveals the substitute function of the journalist for political decision-making when it comes to resolving this public problem. These emerging practices exposing political responsibility build on journalists’ auctorial identities, which break down into prescriptive positions. Hence the instrumentalization of the migration problem and its actors through essentialist mechanisms of inclusion and a rhetoric of identity underpinned by a neoliberal agenda.
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PASCALL, GILLIAN, and JANE LEWIS. "Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 3 (July 2004): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940400772x.
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This article addresses some implications for gender equality and gender policy at European and national levels of transformations in family, economy and polity, which challenge gender regimes across Europe. Women's labour market participation in the west and the collapse of communism in the east have undermined the systems and assumptions of western male breadwinner and dual worker models of central and eastern Europe. Political reworking of the work/welfare relationship into active welfare has individualised responsibility. Individualisation is a key trend west – and in some respects east – and challenges the structures that supported care in state and family. The links that joined men to women, cash to care, incomes to carers have all been fractured. The article will argue that care work and unpaid care workers are both casualties of these developments. Social, political and economic changes have not been matched by the development of new gender models at the national level. And while EU gender policy has been admired as the most innovative aspect of its social policy, gender equality is far from achieved: women's incomes across Europe are well below men's; policies for supporting unpaid care work have developed modestly compared with labour market activation policies. Enlargement brings new challenges as it draws together gender regimes with contrasting histories and trajectories. The article will map social policies for gender equality across the key elements of gender regimes – paid work, care work, income, time and voice – and discuss the nature of a model of gender equality that would bring gender equality across these. It analyses ideas about a dual earner–dual carer model, in the Dutch combination scenario and ‘universal caregiver’ models, at household and civil society levels. These offer a starting point for a model in which paid and unpaid work are equally valued and equally shared between men and women, but we argue that a citizenship model, in which paid and unpaid work obligations are underpinned by social rights, is more likely to achieve gender equality.
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Srivastava, Preeti. "Sociology and the Crisis of Social Transformation in India in the Aspect of Information Technology." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n2.p14.
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<div><p><em>Sociology is a social science that studies society and the individual in perspective of society. Sociology emerged as a separate discipline in the mid-1800s in Western Europe during the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Industrialization brought Social Changes so sweeping they affected all aspects of human existence-where people lived, the nature of their work and interpersonal relationships. Social change, a shift in the characteristics of culture and society is such a vital part of Social life. Social Transformation is the process by which an individual alters the socially ascribed social status of their parents into a socially achieved status for themselves. However another definition refers to large scale Social Change as in Cultural Reforms or Transformation.</em></p><p><em>The main objectives of this research paper are- 1) To assess that Technology especially information technology plays a vital role in social transformation. 2) To identify that they are positively related to each other. 3) to evaluate the seriousness of cyber threats.</em></p><p><em>Indian country is proposed as an area of survey for conducting the study of above-mentioned objectives. Percentile, growth rate and charge are used to justify it.</em></p><p><em>Most popular information technology skills at the moment are internet (Computer networking). According to a release dated September 19, 2006, the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB International, Internet users in India have reached 37 million in the month of September 2006, up from 33 million in March 2006. During the same period the number of “Active Users” has risen from 21.1 Million in March 2006 to 25 Million in September 2006. “Active User’ is an internationally accepted and widely used category to define users who have used the internet at least one in the last 30 days.</em></p><p><em>India has been facing serious cyber threats these days. These include threats from cyber espionage, cyber terrorism, cyber warfare, etc. Governments can facilitate these processes by taking legislative measures that ensure human rights are protected online just as they are physical spaces.</em></p></div>
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Loukakis, Angelos, Johannes Kiess, Maria Kousis, and Christian Lahusen. "Born to Die Online? A Cross-National Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Alternative Action Organizations in Europe." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 6 (April 19, 2018): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218768851.
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Alternative collective initiatives often emerge during hard times, supporting citizens and helping them meet their increasing needs through nonmainstream economic activities. To this end, citizens organize formal and informal alternative action organizations (AAOs). Recent studies have shown that the economic crisis was a trigger for the founding of a wide variety of new AAOs, especially in the countries most affected, such as Greece and Spain. One aspect of AAOs untouched so far, however, is their life span. This article investigates factors that impact on AAOs’ ability to stay active online, using fresh data on their organizational profiles from their organizational websites. It offers a comparative, systematic analysis of the age structure and the activity rate of AAOs in nine European countries (Greece, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Switzerland, and Sweden), for the 2007-2016 period. Following the classic resource mobilization theory, we conclude that the lifeline of these organizations, as that of social movement organizations, even when their forms are innovative and alternative, depends on adequate resources.
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Victor, Christina, Ruth Lamont, Isla Rippon, and Linda Clare. "Religion, Spirituality, and Well-Being: An Underexplored Aspect of Growing Older in the United Kingdom?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2358.
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Abstract There is a rich literature from The United States looking at the importance of religion and spirituality in the lives of older adults where it is positively linked with wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in wellbeing in the UK comparatively little interest has been show in the role of religion and spirituality in promoting wellbeing including quality of life, life satisfaction and loneliness. In this paper we explore these issues using three data sets: the European Social Survey (ESS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the IDEAL cohort of people with dementia and their carers to examine (a) the variation in religious practice by older adults, those aged 50+, across Europe; (b) the epidemiology of religious practice among older adults within England and (c) using both ELSA and IDEAL consider the relationship between religion and wellbeing in later life.
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NUKESHEVA, A. ZH, and E. V. KUDRYASHOVA. "STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT." Problems of AgriMarket 4 (December 15, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.19.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agroindustrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.
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Nukesheva, A. ZH, and E. V. Kudryashova. "STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.19.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agro-industrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.
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Batychenko, Svitlana. "FEATURES OF FAMILY POLICY IN EUROPE." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 60 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.60.65-72.
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Goal. Analysis of the peculiarities of family policy in European countries, such as France, Sweden, Germany, Great Britain. Method. The study is based on general scientific methods, namely, analysis and synthesis, descriptive, analytical. And also socio-geographical - comparative-geographical. Results. Family policy in European countries focuses on the life position of young people, promotes gender equality, creates opportunities to combine work, education and family activities through a well-developed infrastructure. The establishment of the modern family model in which both parents work and the expansion of public education and services for children and families reduce relatively high child poverty, create new jobs in services, and reduce social inequality. Although European countries pursue a common family-gender strategy, they also have their own traditional model of family protection. The Scandinavian model is characterized by comprehensive support for working parents with young children (under the age of three) through a combination of material mechanisms, holidays and wide access to childcare facilities. An important aspect is the policy of gender equality and women's integration in the labor market. The main source of funding for family policy - taxes. Anglo-Saxon - is characterized by deliberately less financial support from families by the state, giving priority to low-income families. The main idea is the non-interference of the state in family and marriage processes and ensuring the well-being of families through the general development of the welfare of society. "Napoleonic" - use intangible forms of support: tax benefits, targeted loans. France has the highest level of state support for families with children and support for working women. The principle of subsidiary security is professed. Taxes and financial contributions are used. The German fiscal system does not encourage couples to work equally, as the tax burden on domestic work is much higher for two full-time employees. Parental leave allows mothers to leave the labor market for up to three years for one child. Scientific novelty. Analysis and comparison of family policy features in European countries. Practical significance. Implementation of family policy measures in domestic practice based on the experience of European countries, choosing the most successful option. The best option is to improve the demographic situation in the country.
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Supriyadi, Supriyadi. "NILAI ESTETIS MUSIK DALAM RENTANG SEJARAH MUSIK BARAT." Tonika: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Seni 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37368/tonika.v2i1.39.
Full textAbstract:
The history of Western music, historically, has been changing for a long time; from one period to other period until the present day. In music, the chaging automatically changes its forms, styles, characteristics, harmony, and particularly its aesthetics values. Then, the changing triggers development. Dominantly the development is inluenced by two dominant aspects, i.e. internal aspect and external aspect. The music history said that the period of Middle Ages was influenced by political religion which was placed under Chatolic church authorization. Renaisance period was influenced by spirit of individualism and humanism, and also enthusiasm of anthropocentrism. The Barock era was shadowed by the political changing in Western Europe. The Classic dan Romantic period was shaded by the passion of territorial expansion and nationalism that was marked by Franch Revolution. After World War I and II the social changes were determined by the development of technology. It becomes significant factor. In musicology context, the development of technology has created several new music instruments. The relationship between internal and external aspect occurs correlative and the aesthetics values in music has been influenced by several aspects above. The existence of music is not caused by itself, but it influenced by another aspects.