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1

Vaculíkova, Jitka. "The Third Round of the Czech Validation of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)." International Education Studies 9, no. 7 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n7p35.

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<p class="apa">The authors present findings on the third round of the Czech validation of the Motivated Strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ), originally developed by Pintrich et al. (1991). The validation only covered an area designed to access motivation in self-regulated learning. Data was collected from a sample of university students in regular classroom settings. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with eigenvalues exceeding 1. An inspection of the scree plot, discontinuity in variance, Monte Carlo parallel analysis and Cronbach’s alphas were performed to assess the psychometric properties. The results were further supported by the confirmatory factor analysis with no post hoc model modifications needed. The analysis confirmed the first and second round validation structure bringing a 3-factor model and indicated that the revised MSLQ is an acceptable measure of motivation in self-regulated learning.</p>
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Teixeira, José Eduardo, Pedro Forte, Ricardo Ferraz, et al. "Resultant equations for training load monitoring during a standard microcycle in sub-elite youth football: a principal components approach." PeerJ 11 (August 4, 2023): e15806. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15806.

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Applying data-reduction techniques to extract meaningful information from electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) has become a hot topic in football training load (TL) monitoring. The aim of this study was to reduce the dimensionality of the internal and external load measures, by a principal component approach, to describe and explain the resultant equations for TL monitoring during a standard in-season microcycle in sub-elite youth football. Additionally, it is intended to identify the most representative measure for each principal component. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with a Monte Carlo parallel analysis and VariMax rotation to extract baseline characteristics, external TL, heart rate (HR)-based measures and perceived exertion. Training data were collected from sixty sub-elite young football players during a 6-week training period using 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS) with inertial sensors, 1 Hz short-range telemetry system, total quality recovery (TQR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Five principal components accounted for 68.7% of the total variance explained in the training data. Resultant equations from PCA was subdivided into: (1) explosiveness, accelerations and impacts (27.4%); (2) high-speed running (16.2%); (3) HR-based measures (10.0%); (4) baseline characteristics (8.3%); and (5) average running velocity (6.7%). Considering the highest factor in each principal component, decelerations (PCA 1), sprint distance (PCA 2), average HR (PCA 3), chronological age (PCA 4) and maximal speed (PCA 5) are the conditional dimension to be considered in TL monitoring during a standard microcycle in sub-elite youth football players. Current research provides the first composite equations to extract the most representative components during a standard in-season microcycle in sub-elite youth football players. Futures research should expand the resultant equations within training days, by considering other well-being measures, technical-tactical skills and match-related contextual factors.
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Shahla, Siddiqui, and Fatima Samreen. "Multivariate techniques to Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch) of Karachi Coast, Pakistan | JBES 2020 @zenodo." Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 17, no. 1 (2020): 78–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5807567.

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This paper aims to investigate the variability in the morphometric and meristic characteristics in a set of fishery data by applying multivariate statistical techniques; PCA and Factor analysis. Moreover, the gender-wise difference in these variables is also investigated via a statistical independent t-test. Empirical analysis result obtained from the t-test shows that the total length of the body in females is 8.079, whereas the male has 8.054 of the whole body length. Furthermore, a test of independent results of the body displays that the weight of females and males are 9.966 and 10.053 respectively. However, head length and snout length are found 9.143 and 10.568 in females and in males 09.145 and 10.557 respectively. To sum up, all the variables are slightly significant in both (Male and Female). In the second phase via applying PCA, it is found that the first three variables (total length (TL), Bodyweight (But), Standard length (SL)) are retained 90.047% of the total variation.
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Teixeira, José Eduardo, Luís Branquinho, Ricardo Ferraz, et al. "Analyzing Key Factors on Training Days within a Standard Microcycle for Young Sub-Elite Football Players: A Principal Component Approach." Sports 12, no. 7 (2024): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports12070194.

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Utilizing techniques for reducing multivariate data is essential for comprehensively understanding the variations and relationships within both biomechanical and physiological datasets in the context of youth football training. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the primary factors influencing training sessions within a standard microcycle among young sub-elite football players. A total of 60 male Portuguese youth sub-elite footballers (15.19 ± 1.75 years) were continuous monitored across six weeks during the 2019–2020 in-season, comprising the training days from match day minus (MD-) 3, MD-2, and MD-1. The weekly training load was collected by an 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS), 1 Hz heart rate (HR) monitors, the perceived exertion (RPE) and the total quality recovery (TQR). A principal component approach (PCA) coupled with a Monte Carlo parallel analysis was applied to the training datasets. The training datasets were condensed into three to five principal components, explaining between 37.0% and 83.5% of the explained variance (proportion and cumulative) according to the training day (p < 0.001). Notably, the eigenvalue for this study ranged from 1.20% to 5.21% within the overall training data. The PCA analysis of the standard microcycle in youth sub-elite football identified that, across MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1, the first was dominated by the covered distances and sprinting variables, while the second component focused on HR measures and training impulse (TRIMP). For the weekly microcycle, the first component continued to emphasize distance and intensity variables, with the ACC and DEC being particularly influential, whereas the second and subsequent components included HR measures and perceived exertion. On the three training days analyzed, the first component primarily consisted of variables related to the distance covered, running speed, high metabolic load, sprinting, dynamic stress load, accelerations, and decelerations. The high intensity demands have a high relative weight throughout the standard microcycle, which means that the training load needs to be carefully monitored and managed.
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Kaçak, Tugay, and Abdullah Faruk Kılıç. "Factor extraction in exploratory factor analysis for ordinal indicators: Is principal component analysis the best option?" International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 12, no. 1 (2025): 113–30. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1481201.

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Researchers continue to choose PCA in scale development and adaptation studies because it is the default setting and overestimates measurement quality. When PCA is utilized in investigations, the explained variance and factor loadings can be exaggerated. PCA, in contrast to the models given in the literature, should be investigated in categorical/ordered, severely skewed data, and multidimensional structures. The purpose of this study is to compare the relative bias and percent correct estimation of PCA, PAF, and MINRES techniques with Monte Carlo simulations. In Monte Carlo simulations sample size, level of skewness, number of categories, average factor loadings, number of factors, level of inter-factor correlation and test length were manipulated. The results show that PCA overestimates most models with lower average factor loadings, but PAF and MINRES provide unbiased results even with low factor loadings. PAF and MINRES produce more accurate and impartial results, and it is projected that PCA will lead researchers to believe that the items in scale development or adaptation studies are of "high quality."
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Bhavsar, V. C., and J. R. Isaac. "Design and Analysis of Parallel Monte Carlo Algorithms." SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 8, no. 1 (1987): s73—s95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0908014.

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7

Alexandrov, V. N., I. T. Dimov, A. Karaivanova, and C. J. K. Tan. "Parallel Monte Carlo algorithms for information retrieval." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 62, no. 3-6 (2003): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(02)00252-5.

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8

Ihme, Susann, Hartmut Döhner, Konstanze Döhner, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Christian Buske, and Medhanie A. Mulaw. "Two Long Non-Coding RNAs Are Sufficient to Classify and Significantly Predict In Vivo Engraftment Potential and LSC Properties of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2880.2880.

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Abstract Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with heterogeneous genetics and clinical course. Studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between xenograft in vivo engraftment potential and clinical outcome. Furthermore, such studies have conducted gene expression profiling to identify gene signatures associated with engraftment potential, leukemic stem cell (LSC) property, and prognosis. Most of these analyses were limited to protein coding genes. More recently, advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have created a paradigm shift on our perception of transcription that, contrary to previous consensus, the human genome is largely transcribed and most of these transcripts do not code for proteins (ncRNA). In the current work, we conducted a comprehensive functional genomics study to identify long ncRNA (lncRNA) that significantly predict in vivo engraftment potential and LSC properties of AML and evaluate their functional and prognostic relevance. We first sorted normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP), lymphoid-primed multi-potential progenitor (LMPP) and CD34-subpopulations from leukemic bulk of 15 AML patient samples. Sorted samples were then transplanted into the non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient Gamma (NSG) mouse model. Only the subpopulations showing robust leukemic engraftment (> 1%) were classified as LSC populations. In parallel, we performed total RNA based RNA-seq using Ovation® Single Cell RNA-Seq System (NuGEN Technologies Inc.) and evaluated both protein coding genes and lncRNAs. In line with previous studies, we observed that the engraftment potential primarily resides within the CD34+ subpopulations (GMPs and LMPPs). LMPPs/GMPs from 8 AML patients engrafted (defined as LSC populations), while subpopulations from the other 7 patients failed to engraft (non-LSC fraction). Using our RNA-seq data, we first conducted a global principal component analysis (PCA) based between group analysis (BGA) based on lncRNA expression levels. Interestingly, we noted that the LMPPs and GMPs primarily cluster based on their engraftment potential rather than cell type. In two subsequent independent analyses, we employed weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and top scoring pairs (tsp) to identify lncRNAs that show significant correlation to engraftment percentages and could also categorically classify samples based on their engraftment status. Results of the WGCNA analysis showed that 830 lncRNAs are statistically significantly correlated to engraftment percentages of subpopulations (p < 0.05). In the tsp analysis, by taking all lncRNAs in the dataset in a pairwise fashion, we identified two lncRNAs that could statistically significantly classify samples into 'LSC' (engrafters) and 'non-LSCs' (non-engrafters) (mean classification error ~ 0.19 using bootstrap analysis; statistically significant with p-value < 0.0001 using Monte Carlo Simulation). Of interest here, the two lncRNAs were also in the list of significantly correlated lncRNAs based on the separately conducted WGCNA. Combining the two analyses and using a 3d plot, we looked at the expression levels of two lncRNAs and engraftment percentages of the subpopulations and were able to see that the GMP/LMPP LSCs formed a distinct cluster. The non-LSCs with GMP or LMPP phenotype were distantly clustered from their engrafting counterparts while all the CD34-negative non-LSCs clustered with no overlap to the other groups. Furthermore, a guilt-by-association analysis was carried out to identify potential functional link of the candidate lncRNAs by assessing their correlation to functionally annotated genes. 'JAK-STAT', 'Hematopoietic lineage', and 'Toll-like receptor signaling' were some of the significant pathways (p < 0.05; FDR < 0.25). We also tested some published AML LSC and engraftment associated signatures. The lncRNAs showed negative correlation to the Eppert et al. (2011; Nat. Med.) LSC signature and set of lineage affiliated genes (Goardon et al. 2011; Cancer Cell) including FLT3, NOTCH1, and RUNX1. Taken together, our approach shows that the two lncRNAs we identified sufficiently recapitulate the underlying engraftment potential of AMLs and predict LSC property with significant accuracy. We conclude that these findings highlight the necessity to focus on lncRNAs as key players in clinical and functional studies of AML. Disclosures Buske: Celltrion, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria. Mulaw:NuGEN: Honoraria.
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Xue, Jingnan, and Faming Liang. "Double-Parallel Monte Carlo for Bayesian analysis of big data." Statistics and Computing 29, no. 1 (2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11222-017-9791-1.

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Campillo, Fabien, Rivo Rakotozafy, and Vivien Rossi. "Parallel and interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 79, no. 12 (2009): 3424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2009.04.010.

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11

Alexandrov, V. N. "Efficient parallel Monte Carlo methods for matrix computations." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 47, no. 2-5 (1998): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(98)00097-4.

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12

Kepkep, Asim, Umberto Ravaioli, and Brian Winstead. "Cluster-based Parallel 3-D Monte Carlo Device Simulation." VLSI Design 13, no. 1-4 (2001): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/70635.

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The recent improvements in the performance of commodity computer have created very favorable conditions for building high performance parallel machines from computer clusters. These are very attractive for 3-D device simulation, necessary to model properly carrier-carrier interaction and granular doping effects in deeply scaled silicon devices. We have developed a parallel 3-D Monte Carlo simulation environment customized for clusters using the Message Passing Library (MPI). The code has been tested on the supercluster of NCSA at the University of Illinois. We present here test results for an n-i-n diode structure, along with an analysis of performance for two different domain decomposition schemes.
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13

Li, Yike, Honghai Zhang, Zongbei Shi, Jinlun Zhou, and Wenqing Li. "Safety Assessment Method for Parallel Runway Approach Based on MC-EVT for Quantitative Estimation of Collision Probability." Aerospace 12, no. 5 (2025): 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12050396.

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The construction of parallel runways is an effective solution to address the constraints of urban land resources and mitigate flight delays caused by the increasing volume of air traffic. To ensure the safety of parallel approach operations and further enhance operational efficiency, this study proposes a quantitative safety risk assessment method for parallel approaches based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and extreme value theory (EVT). Taking a parallel runway at a major airport in Southwest China as a case study, historical Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) trajectory data were processed and analyzed to derive traffic flow characteristics and the actual distribution of approach performance. Subsequently, we developed a collision probability estimation model for parallel approaches based on Monte Carlo–extreme value theory (MC-EVT). Monte Carlo simulation was employed to conduct simulation experiments on the parallel approach process, and the collision risk was quantitatively assessed by integrating experimental data with an analysis based on extreme value theory. Finally, taking the parallel runways of a major airport in southwest China as a case study, experiments were conducted under various parallel approach scenarios to quantitatively assess the collision risk between aircraft. The experimental results indicate that the MC-EVT-based safety risk assessment method for parallel approaches reduces the reliance on traffic flow assumptions. Compared to the conventional Monte Carlo method, it achieves a faster convergence rate, significantly reduces computational workload, and improves computational efficiency by a factor of ten, thus demonstrating that the proposed method is capable of accurately and effectively quantifying low-probability collision risks. Furthermore, the findings reveal a strong correlation between parallel runway width and collision risk. The approach risk under a mixed-aircraft-type configuration is higher than that of a single-aircraft-type configuration, while offset approaches can enhance approach safety. This study can provide valuable references for the construction of parallel runways and the development of regulatory frameworks for parallel approach operations in China.
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Liang, Fengchao, Gang Huang, Shuang Tan, Zhe Lin, and Zhicheng Shi. "Analysis of Repetitive Positioning Accuracy of Parallel Mechanisms Based on Monte Carlo Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2694, no. 1 (2024): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2694/1/012074.

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Abstract Based on the inverse kinematics model of the Stewart parallel mechanism, a motion platform pose error model was constructed through differential transformation. The error model shows that the motion platform pose error comes from the length error of 6 struts and the position error of 12 hinge centers, with a total of 42 error terms. Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze the effects of struts length error on the pose error of the moving platform. The results show that when the length error of the struts follows a normal distribution, the posture error of the moving platform approximately follows a normal distribution. Monte Carlo simulation is a highly effective error analysis method that can analyze the error distribution pattern of the mechanism before processing and assembly, which provides a method for error analysis of Stewart parallel mechanisms.
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Burns, Patrick J., and Daniel V. Pryor. "VECTOR AND PARALLEL MONTE CARLO RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER SIMULATION." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 16, no. 1 (1990): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10407798908944930.

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Long, Li, Huaping Yang, Yan Zhou, and Yong Yang. "Research on Seismic Connectivity Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution System Based on CUDA." Water 15, no. 11 (2023): 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15112087.

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To improve the seismic connectivity reliability (SCR) analysis efficiency of water distribution systems (WDS) based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method sampled by a low-discrepancy sequence is applied. Furthermore, a parallel algorithm combined with the breadth-first search algorithm for SCR analysis of WDS based on the QMC method and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform was proposed. A city WDS was taken as a computational example, the accuracy and efficiency of the traditional MC algorithm and parallel algorithm were compared, and the influence of the Sobol sequence and pseudo-random number sequence was analysed. The analysis results show that when 1,000,000 simulations are performed, the maximum error of the calculation results of the two methods is 0.2%, and the parallel method can obtain a six-fold speedup ratio compared with the serial method, indicating that the proposed parallel method is correct, meets the accuracy requirements, and helps to improve the SCR analysis efficiency. When the number of simulations is the same, the simulation results based on the Sobol sequence are more accurate than those based on the pseudo-random number sequence. The proposed parallel method also achieves a good acceleration effect in the SCR analysis of large-scale WDS.
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Karalis, Vangelis D. "An In Silico Approach toward the Appropriate Absorption Rate Metric in Bioequivalence." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 5 (2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16050725.

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In bioequivalence, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is traditionally used as a metric for the absorption rate, despite the fact that there are several concerns. The idea of “average slope” (AS) was recently introduced as an alternative metric to reflect absorption rate. This study aims to further extend the previous findings and apply an in silico approach to investigate the kinetic sensitivity of AS and Cmax. This computational analysis was applied to the C-t data of hydrochlorothiazide, donepezil, and amlodipine, which exhibit different absorption kinetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to uncover the relationships between all bioequivalence metrics. Monte Carlo simulations of bioequivalence trials were performed to investigate sensitivity. The appropriate programming codes were written in Python for the PCA and in MATLAB® for the simulations. The PCA verified the desired properties of AS and the unsuitability of Cmax to reflect absorption rate. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that AS is quite sensitive to detecting differences in absorption rate, while Cmax has almost negligible sensitivity. Cmax fails to reflect absorption rate, and its use in bioequivalence gives only a false impression. AS has the appropriate units, is easily calculated, exhibits high sensitivity, and has the desired properties of absorption rate.
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18

Garcia Gaona, Robinson Alexander, and Carlos Andres Zapata Quimbayo. "Multifactorial Heath-Jarrow-Morton model using principal component analysis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 1 (2024): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp566-573.

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In this study, we propose an implementation of the multifactor Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) interest rate model using an approach that integrates principal component analysis (PCA) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) techniques. By integrating PCA and MCS with the multifactor HJM model, we successfully capture the principal factors driving the evolution of short-term interest rates in the US market. Additionally, we provide a framework for deriving spot interest rates through parameter calibration and forward rate estimation. For this, we use daily data from the US yield curve from June 2017 to December 2019. The integration of PCA, MCS with multifactor HJM model in this study represents a robust and precise approach to characterizing interest rate dynamics and compared to previous approaches, this method provided greater accuracy and improved understanding of the factors influencing US Treasury Yield interest rates.
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Alexander, Garcia Gaona Robinson, and Zapata Quimbayo Carlos Andres. "Multifactorial Heath-Jarrow-Morton model using principal component analysis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 1 (2024): 566–73. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp566-573.

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In this study, we propose an implementation of the multifactor Heath-Jarrow- Morton (HJM) interest rate model using an approach that integrates principal component analysis (PCA) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) techniques. By integrating PCA and MCS with the multifactor HJM model, we successfully capture the principal factors driving the evolution of short-term interest rates in the US market. Additionally, we provide a framework for deriving spot interest rates through parameter calibration and forward rate estimation. For this, we use daily data from the US yield curve from June 2017 to December 2019. The integration of PCA, MCS with multifactor HJM model in this study represents a robust and precise approach to characterizing interest rate dynamics and compared to previous approaches, this method provided greater accuracy and improved understanding of the factors influencing US Treasury Yield interest rates.
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Ha, Le, and Li Jin Fang. "Error Analysis of a Non-Contact Parallel Plane Sensor Based on Monte Carlo Method." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.96.

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In the project of testing platform, characteristics of the measured object are framework. In view of the difficulties of non-contact high-precision measurement of the planar motion objects, an innovative measuring method is proposed which is based on the combined using of high-precision laser distance sensors. This paper presents the structure of the new sensor and its measuring principle, and established a mathematical model of the measurement object and its error model by using differential method. We use the Monte Carlo method to random sample the random sampling of random variables of the error model; finally combining with the instance; we use the Monte Carlo method to get frequency distribution histogram of the measurement error. Through analysis and calculation of this paper, we prepare for theory for the practical application of this new type of sensor.
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Zhao, Jun Wei, Qin Zhang, and Guo Qiang Chen. "Study on Error Analysis of Parallel Machine Tool Based on Monte-Carlo Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.148.

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Aiming at the complexity of the parallel machine tool error assessment, the distance between the ball joints on the execution platform is considered as the constraint condition to establish the forward kinematic equation, and a mathematic model of space position and attitude errors is established. The paper proposes a method to the error analysis of the parallel machine tool based on Monte-Carlo simulation according to the structure characteristic, and gives a universal computation program. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing with the traditional motion vector equation differential method in final.
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Papadrakakis, M., and A. Kotsopulos. "Parallel solution methods for stochastic finite element analysis using Monte Carlo simulation." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 168, no. 1-4 (1999): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(98)00147-9.

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Sato, F., A. V. Garcia, and A. Monticelli. "Parallel implementation of probabilistic short-circuit analysis by the Monte Carlo approach." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 9, no. 2 (1994): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.317633.

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Fiorillo, Graziano, and Michel Ghosn. "MPI Parallel Monte Carlo Framework for the Reliability Analysis of Highway Bridges." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 32, no. 2 (2018): 04017087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000735.

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Ripoll, Daniel R., and Stephen J. Thomas. "A parallel Monte Carlo search algorithm for the conformational analysis of polypeptides." Journal of Supercomputing 6, no. 2 (1992): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00129777.

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Litvin, Valentyn, Armen G. Aprikian, and Alice Dragomir. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Contemporary Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment Sequences." Current Oncology 32, no. 4 (2025): 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32040240.

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There has been a proliferation of novel treatments for the management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), including androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI). Although there are health economic analyses of novel PCa treatments, such as ARPIs for specific health states, there is a lack of sequential analyses. Our paper aims to fill this gap. We developed a Monte Carlo Markov model to simulate the management of advanced PCa to end-of-life. We modeled patients who begin in metastatic and nonmetastatic castration-sensitive PCa (mCSPC and nmCSPC), with risk stratification for mCSPC, progressing to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Using current guidelines and recent literature, we simulated admissible treatment sequences over these states along a 15-year horizon. We report the best treatment sequences in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness. We find that the most cost-effective use of ARPIs is early in advanced PCa for a cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) of CAD 100K per QALY. For a CET of CAD 50K per QALY, early ARPI use is most cost-effective in mCSPC-starting patients but not nmCSPC-starting. We conclude that the most cost-effective way to use ARPIs is when patients first enter advanced PCa. The most cost-effective ARPI at current Canadian prices is abiraterone, mostly due to abiraterone’s lower price level.
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Shonkwiler, R., and Erik Van Vleck. "Parallel Speed-Up of Monte Carlo Methods for Global Optimization." Journal of Complexity 10, no. 1 (1994): 64–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcom.1994.1003.

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Zheng, Zehua, Yi Zhang, Yuan Wu, and Yongxing Li. "3-PRRR parallel mechanism kinematics and workspace analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450, no. 1 (2023): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012064.

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Abstract Aiming at the current problems of small working space and the high cost of erection of parallel structure FDM-3D printer, a 3-PRRR parallel mechanism with a common line of branch chain moving sub is proposed and planned to be used in 3D printing equipment. First, the degrees of freedom of the 3-PRRR parallel mechanism is analyzed based on the spiral theory, and the positive and negative solutions of the position of the mechanism are established by the vector method; on this basis, the working space of the mechanism is analyzed using the Monte Carlo method; finally, the mechanism is specifically applied to the FDM- 3D printing device.
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Abdelhamid, Gomaa Said Mohamed, María Dolores Hidalgo, Brian F. French, and Juana Gómez-Benito. "Partitioning dichotomous items using mokken scale analysis, exploratory graph analysis and parallel analysis: A monte carlo simulation." Methodology 20, no. 3 (2024): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.12503.

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Estimating the number of latent factors underlying a set of dichotomous items is a major challenge in social and behavioral research. Mokken scale analysis (MSA) and exploratory graph analysis (EGA) are approaches for partitioning measures consisting of dichotomous items. In this study we perform simulation-based comparisons of two EGA methods (EGA with graphical least absolute shrinkage and selector operator; EGAtmfg with triangulated maximally filtered graph algorithm), two MSA methods (AISP: automated item selection procedure; GA: genetic algorithm), and two widely used factor analytic techniques (parallel analysis with principal component analysis (PApc) and parallel analysis with principal axis factoring (PApaf)) for partitioning dichotomous items. Performance of the six methods differed significantly according to the data structure. AISP and PApc had highest accuracy and lowest bias for unidimensional structures. Moreover, AISP demonstrated the lowest rate of misclassification of items. Regarding multidimensional structures, EGA with GLASSO estimation and PApaf yielded highest accuracy and lowest bias, followed by EGAtmfg. In addition, both EGA techniques exhibited the lowest rate of misclassification of items to factors. In summary, EGA and EGAtmfg showed comparable performance to the highly accurate traditional method, parallel analysis. These findings offer guidance on selecting methods for dimensionality analysis with dichotomous indicators to optimize accuracy in factor identification.
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Hajer and Nada S. Karam. "Inverse Chen Bayesian analysis for Parallel Redundant Stress –Strength Reliability." Mustansiriyah Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 79–87. https://doi.org/10.47831/mjpas.v3i2.202.

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In this paper, a Bayesian analysis made to estimate the reliability of a parallel redundant system with independent stress and strength of Inverse Chen distribution(ICD). The analysis is focused on gamma-primed left-censored samples under four distinct loss functions. (squared error, Quadratic, weighted and Linear exponential loss function). A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to compare the estimates using the mean square error to obtain the best estimate. It was found that the best estimators can be under squared error loss function.
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31

Remilekun Enitan Alabi, Olatayo Olusegun Alabi, and Oluwadare O. Ojo. "Development of hybrid ridge–PCA estimators for addressing Multicollinearity in Gaussian linear regression models." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 27, no. 1 (2025): 942–57. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.27.1.2559.

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This study tackles the persistent issue of multicollinearity in Gaussian linear regression which undermines the efficiency of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimators. While Ridge Regression and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are common remedies, they have limitations in terms of bias control and interpretability. To address this, the research proposes hybrid Ridge – PCA estimators using four newly developed ridge parameters combined with PCA. A Monte Carlo simulation evaluated 21 estimators including OLS, Ridge, PCA, and Liu estimators under varying sample sizes, error variances and multicollinearity levels using Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the performance metric. Results show that a newly hybrid estimator consistently outperformed other proposed and existing estimators by achieving the lowest MSE. The study demonstrates the strength of integrating regularization with dimensionality reduction to improve regression under multicollinearity.
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32

Yoshida, Ruriko. "Projected Gradient Descent Method for Tropical Principal Component Analysis over Tree Space." Mathematics 13, no. 11 (2025): 1776. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13111776.

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Tropical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an analogue of the classical PCA in the setting of tropical geometry, and applied it to visualize a set of gene trees over a space of phylogenetic trees, which is a union of lower-dimensional polyhedral cones in an Euclidean space with dimension m(m−1)/2, where m is the number of leaves. In this paper, we introduce a projected gradient descent method to estimate the tropical principal polytope over the space of phylogenetic trees, and we apply it to an Apicomplexa dataset. With computational experiments against Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samplers, we show that our projected gradient descent method yields a lower sum of tropical distances between observations and their projections onto the estimated best-fit tropical polytope, compared with the MCMC-based approach.
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Foreman, Sam, Joel Giedt, Yannick Meurice, and Judah Unmuth-Yockey. "RG-inspired machine learning for lattice field theory." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 11025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817511025.

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Machine learning has been a fast growing field of research in several areas dealing with large datasets. We report recent attempts to use renormalization group (RG) ideas in the context of machine learning. We examine coarse graining procedures for perceptron models designed to identify the digits of the MNIST data. We discuss the correspondence between principal components analysis (PCA) and RG flows across the transition for worm configurations of the 2D Ising model. Preliminary results regarding the logarithmic divergence of the leading PCA eigenvalue were presented at the conference. More generally, we discuss the relationship between PCA and observables in Monte Carlo simulations and the possibility of reducing the number of learning parameters in supervised learning based on RG inspired hierarchical ansatzes.
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34

Brugger, C., S. Weithoffer, C. de Schryver, U. Wasenmüller, and N. Wehn. "On parallel random number generation for accelerating simulations of communication systems." Advances in Radio Science 12 (November 10, 2014): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-75-2014.

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Abstract. Powerful compute clusters and multi-core systems have become widely available in research and industry nowadays. This boost in utilizable computational power tempts people to run compute-intensive tasks on those clusters, either for speed or accuracy reasons. Especially Monte Carlo simulations with their inherent parallelism promise very high speedups. Nevertheless, the quality of Monte Carlo simulations strongly depends on the quality of the employed random numbers. In this work we present a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art pseudo random number generators like the MT19937 or the WELL generator used for parallel stream generation in different settings. These random number generators can be realized in hardware as well as in software and help to accelerate the analysis (or simulation) of communications systems. We show that it is possible to generate high-quality parallel random number streams with both generators, as long as some configuration constraints are met. We furthermore depict that distributed simulations with those generator types are viable even to very high degrees of parallelism.
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35

Zhang, Lijun, Han Zou, and Yungang Zhu. "An Efficient Optimization of the Monte Carlo Tree Search Algorithm for Amazons." Algorithms 17, no. 8 (2024): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a17080334.

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Amazons is a computerized board game with complex positions that are highly challenging for humans. In this paper, we propose an efficient optimization of the Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm for Amazons, fusing the ‘Move Groups’ strategy and the ‘Parallel Evaluation’ optimization strategy (MG-PEO). Specifically, we explain the high efficiency of the Move Groups strategy by defining a new criterion: the winning convergence distance. We also highlight the strategy’s potential issue of falling into a local optimum and propose that the Parallel Evaluation mechanism can compensate for this shortcoming. Moreover, We conducted rigorous performance analysis and experiments. Performance analysis results indicate that the MCTS algorithm with the Move Groups strategy can improve the playing ability of the Amazons game by 20–30 times compared to the traditional MCTS algorithm. The Parallel Evaluation optimization further enhances the playing ability of the Amazons game by 2–3 times. Experimental results show that the MCTS algorithm with the MG-PEO strategy achieves a 23% higher game-winning rate on average compared to the traditional MCTS algorithm. Additionally, the MG-PEO Amazons program proposed in this paper won first prize in the Amazons Competition at the 2023 China Collegiate Computer Games Championship & National Computer Games Tournament.
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36

Green, Samuel B., Roy Levy, Marilyn S. Thompson, Min Lu, and Wen-Juo Lo. "A Proposed Solution to the Problem With Using Completely Random Data to Assess the Number of Factors With Parallel Analysis." Educational and Psychological Measurement 72, no. 3 (2011): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164411422252.

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A number of psychometricians have argued for the use of parallel analysis to determine the number of factors. However, parallel analysis must be viewed at best as a heuristic approach rather than a mathematically rigorous one. The authors suggest a revision to parallel analysis that could improve its accuracy. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to compare revised and traditional parallel analysis approaches. Five dimensions are manipulated in the study: number of observations, number of factors, number of measured variables, size of the factor loadings, and degree of correlation between factors. Based on the results, the revised parallel analysis method, using principal axis factoring and the 95th percentile eigenvalue rule, offers promise.
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Zabotti, A., M. Piga, A. Zanetti, et al. "OP0223 DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DISEASE ACTIVITY AND DAMAGE SCORES IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE UPSTREAM (ULTRASOUND IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS TREATMENT) STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2609.

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Background:The UPSTREAM (NCT03330769) is a 24-month multi-center prospective cohort study that primarily aims to evaluate the additional value of musculoskeletal ultrasound (msk-US) over clinical examination in predicting 6-month minimal disease activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). (1)Objectives:To develop and preliminarily validate an activity msk-US score and a damage msk-US score for PsA using the UPSTREAM database.Methods:Patients classified with PsA according to CASPAR criteria and starting a new course of therapy for clinically active peripheral joint disease were eligible. The information regarding objectives, study design, clinical and US assessment has already been published (1). The msk-US examination was performed in 42 joints, 36 tendons, 12 entheses and 2 bursae defined through a web-based exercise (2). The sonographic elementary lesions were allocated to disease activity [i.e. synovitis (sy), tenosynovitis (ts), peritendinitis (pt), bursitis (bs) all evaluated both in Grey Scale (GS) and Power Doppler (PD) and active enthesitis (en)] and to damage (i.e. joint erosion, bone proliferation, tendon tear, enthesophyte, calcification and irregular enthesis bone profile). Hands and feet X-ray were assessed using the modified Sharp-Van der Heijde (mSVH) score. A principal component (PC) analysis (PCA) was performed for each score and the number of PCs was defined by means of parallel analysis using baseline data. Each PC was normalized (n) taking into account the proportion between the observed value (e.g. sy-GS count) and the maximum expected value (e.g. 42 for sy-GS). Spearman’ correlation was used to investigate the construct and discrimination validity of the new scores.Results:Between February 2017 and May 2020, 312 PsA patients (155 men), with a mean (SD) age of 52.8 13.4, were enrolled from 19 centers; 22 expert sonographers were involved with substantial agreement for US lesions evaluated (k ≥0.7). The median [IQR] disease duration was 1.3 [0.1-6.1] years and the median [IQR] tender joint and swollen joint counts were 6 [3-13] and 2 [1-5], respectively. The weight derived from PCA for each sonographic lesions and the final equation for calculating the scores are reported in Figure 1 (1A activity and 1B damage). The final msk-US activity score [n(ts-GS + ts-PD)*2.87] + [n(bs-GS + bs-PD)*1.76] + [n(pt-GS + pt-PD)*1.43] + [n(active en)*1.00] + [n(sy-GS)*0.83] + [n(sy-PD)*0.45] has the best construct and discrimination validities according to a significant correlation with all clinical variables usually related to clinical activity (Table 1). The msk-US damage score correlated with mSVH score, HAQ and other clinical variables (Table 1).Table 1.VariablesMsk-US activity scoreMsk-US damage scoreSpearman correlationP-valueSpearman correlationP-valueESR0.1960.0020.0750.235CRP0.209<0.0010.0680.254TJC0.338<0.0010.286<0.001SJC0.338<0.0010.0720.221Dactylitis count0.284<0.001-0.0610.306LEI0.1940.0010.214<0.001Physician GA0.150.0120.0160.793Patient GA activity0.1380.018-0.0730.221Patient GA pain0.1990.001-0.0270.648HAQ0.238<0.0010.1460.014BASDAI0.237<0.0010.1750.003PSAID-90.70.0040.1480.013DAPSA0.392<0.0010.228<0.001Sharp van Der Heijde score0.1150.20.2660.003Figure 1.Conclusion:These newly developed and preliminary validated msk-US activity and damage scores could be used in patients with PsA in the context of observational and controlled trials.References:[1]Canzoni M et al. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e021942.[2]Zabotti A et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:1537–1538.Acknowledgements:Alberto Batticciotto; Oscar Massimiliano Epis; Luisa Arcarese; Luca Navarini; Marta Caprioli; Mirco Magnani; Roberta Ramonda; Marco Amedeo CimminoDisclosure of Interests:Alen Zabotti: None declared, Matteo Piga: None declared, Anna Zanetti: None declared, Marco Canzoni: None declared, nicola boffini: None declared, valentina picerno: None declared, Giovanni Zanframundo: None declared, Ettore Silvagni: None declared, Ivan Giovannini: None declared, BERND RAFFEINER: None declared, Palma Scolieri: None declared, Paola Mancini: None declared, Simone Parisi: None declared, Alessandra Bortoluzzi Grant/research support from: GSK, Garifallia Sakellariou Consultant of: Consultant for Abbvie and Novartis, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Ilaria Tinazzi: None declared, Fabiana Figus: None declared, Luca Idolazzi Speakers bureau: Received grants as speaker for Eli Lilly, UCB, Celgene, MSD, Abbvie, Novartis, Paid instructor for: Paid instructor for UCB during Product specialist Meeting, Mariagrazia Lorenzin: None declared, Sara Zandonella Callegher: None declared, Alberto Cauli: None declared, Greta Carrara: None declared, Carlo Alberto Scirè: None declared, Annamaria Iagnocco: None declared
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38

Xu, Kai, Yiwen Wang, Fang Wang, et al. "Neural Decoding Using a Parallel Sequential Monte Carlo Method on Point Processes with Ensemble Effect." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/685492.

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Sequential Monte Carlo estimation on point processes has been successfully applied to predict the movement from neural activity. However, there exist some issues along with this method such as the simplified tuning model and the high computational complexity, which may degenerate the decoding performance of motor brain machine interfaces. In this paper, we adopt a general tuning model which takes recent ensemble activity into account. The goodness-of-fit analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can predict the neuronal response more accurately than the one only depending on kinematics. A new sequential Monte Carlo algorithm based on the proposed model is constructed. The algorithm can significantly reduce the root mean square error of decoding results, which decreases 23.6% in position estimation. In addition, we accelerate the decoding speed by implementing the proposed algorithm in a massive parallel manner on GPU. The results demonstrate that the spike trains can be decoded as point process in real time even with 8000 particles or 300 neurons, which is over 10 times faster than the serial implementation. The main contribution of our work is to enable the sequential Monte Carlo algorithm with point process observation to output the movement estimation much faster and more accurately.
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39

Zhou, Chunbao, Xianyu Lang, Yangang Wang, Chaodong Zhu, Zhonghua Lu, and Xuebin Chi. "Parallel Metropolis Coupled Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Isolation with Migration Model." Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences 7, no. 1L (2013): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/amis/071l30.

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40

Vieira, Hiparco Lins, André Teófilo Beck, and Maíra Martins da Silva. "Combined interval analysis - Monte Carlo simulation approach for the analysis of uncertainties in parallel manipulators." Meccanica 56, no. 7 (2021): 1867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-021-01359-7.

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41

Codenotti, Bruno, and Franco Flandoli. "A Monte Carlo method for the parallel solution of linear systems." Journal of Complexity 5, no. 1 (1989): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(89)90016-2.

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42

Kabán, Ata. "Sufficient ensemble size for random matrix theory-based handling of singular covariance matrices." Analysis and Applications 18, no. 05 (2020): 929–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219530520400072.

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Singular covariance matrices are frequently encountered in both machine learning and optimization problems, most commonly due to high dimensionality of data and insufficient sample sizes. Among many methods of regularization, here we focus on a relatively recent random matrix-theoretic approach, the idea of which is to create well-conditioned approximations of a singular covariance matrix and its inverse by taking the expectation of its random projections. We are interested in the error of a Monte Carlo implementation of this approach, which allows subsequent parallel processing in low dimensions in practice. We find that [Formula: see text] random projections, where [Formula: see text] is the size of the original matrix, are sufficient for the Monte Carlo error to become negligible, in the sense of expected spectral norm difference, for both covariance and inverse covariance approximation, in the latter case under mild assumptions.
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43

Chen, Hao. "Instable Crack Propagation Analysis with PDS-FEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 234 (November 2012): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.234.53.

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This paper studies the stability of dynamic crack propagation in a homogeneous plate with 2 parallel cracks located in an anti-symmetric manner. PDS-FEM is extended to the dynamic setting, and a method to randomly generate unbiased mesh is developed. Monte-Carlo simulation is carried out to study the crack patterns. It is shown that a solution for low and high loading rate displacement loading condition is stable or instable, respectively, since the crack pattern loses anti-symmetricity for the latter boundary condition.
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44

Pan Fangwei. "Accuracy Analysis of a Novel 6-DOF Parallel Platform Based on Monte Carlo Methods." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 8, no. 7 (2013): 950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol8.issue7.117.

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45

Dupuis, Paul, and Guo-Jhen Wu. "Analysis and Optimization of Certain Parallel Monte Carlo Methods in the Low Temperature Limit." Multiscale Modeling & Simulation 20, no. 1 (2022): 220–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/21m1402029.

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46

Martínez Velasco, Juan A., Javier Corea Araujo, and Samir Bedoui. "Lightning performance analysis of transmission lines using the Monte Carlo method and parallel computing." Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería 26, no. 3 (2018): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-33052018000300398.

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47

Lautenschlager, Gary J. "A Comparison of Alternatives to Conducting Monte Carlo Analyses for Determining Parallel Analysis Criteria." Multivariate Behavioral Research 24, no. 3 (1989): 365–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2403_6.

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48

YAZID, Putranto Ilham, and Makoto TAKANO. "Network Parallel Computing of Monte Carlo Shielding Analysis Code MCACE by Using Shared Files." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (1993): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1993.9734625.

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49

Cruz, Manuel E., and Anthony T. Patera. "A parallel Monte-Carlo finite-element procedure for the analysis of multicomponent random media." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38, no. 7 (1995): 1087–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620380703.

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50

Wang, Liangliang, Shijia Wang, and Alexandre Bouchard-Côté. "An Annealed Sequential Monte Carlo Method for Bayesian Phylogenetics." Systematic Biology 69, no. 1 (2019): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz028.

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Abstract We describe an “embarrassingly parallel” method for Bayesian phylogenetic inference, annealed Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), based on recent advances in the SMC literature such as adaptive determination of annealing parameters. The algorithm provides an approximate posterior distribution over trees and evolutionary parameters as well as an unbiased estimator for the marginal likelihood. This unbiasedness property can be used for the purpose of testing the correctness of posterior simulation software. We evaluate the performance of phylogenetic annealed SMC by reviewing and comparing with other computational Bayesian phylogenetic methods, in particular, different marginal likelihood estimation methods. Unlike previous SMC methods in phylogenetics, our annealed method can utilize standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tree moves and hence benefit from the large inventory of such moves available in the literature. Consequently, the annealed SMC method should be relatively easy to incorporate into existing phylogenetic software packages based on MCMC algorithms. We illustrate our method using simulation studies and real data analysis.
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