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Zillmann, Dolf. "Mood Management in the Context of Selective Exposure Theory." Annals of the International Communication Association 23, no. 1 (2000): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2000.11678971.
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de Quadros-Wander, Shikkiah, and Mark Stokes. "The Effect of Mood on Opposite-Sex Judgments of Males' Commitment and Females' Sexual Intent." Evolutionary Psychology 5, no. 3 (2007): 147470490700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470490700500302.
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Gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent and commitment have been the subject of formal and informal inquiry for considerable time. One evolutionary theory, Error Management Theory (EMT), predicts that opposite-sex perceptions of female sexual intent and male commitment intent reflect intrinsic biases that minimize gender-specific evolutionary costs. The results supporting these hypotheses were obtained from subjects regardless of mood. We hypothesized that mood would influence ratings of sexual and commitment intent. Sixty participants (30 males, 30 females) were recruited and exposed to a positive and negative mood condition in counterbalanced groups using video stimuli. Preliminary analyses found an unexpected effect of order of mood induction, necessitating separate analyses of the Positive-Negative (PN) and Negative-Positive (NP) groups. Contrary to the original study, there were no gender effects. Positive moods led to increased ratings of both sexual and commitment intent across genders. Further, negative to positive mood-change was associated with significantly increased ratings. Both males and females attributed significantly higher sexual intent to same-sex rivals than themselves, but only males assessed themselves as having significantly higher commitment intent than same-sex rivals. The EMT model may require adaptation to acknowledge effects of variables such as mood on its predictions of gender-specific biases.
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Chen, Ying-Hueih, Jyh-Jeng Wu, and Shu-Hua Chien. "Impact of initial trust, involvement, and mood on trusting belief." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 26, no. 1 (2016): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-11-2014-0252.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to incorporate social exchange theory to elaborate on the antecedents that underlie consumers’ trust of innovative financial product providers. In particular, this study investigates the mediating role of positive moods in stimulating customer trust. Design/methodology/approach – The research model was tested using data collected from 440 elite customers from top-ten financial holding companies in Taiwan. Structure equation modeling was employed to verify and validate the research model. Findings – The findings suggest that initial trust and customer involvement significantly and positively impact customer moods. In addition, customer initial trust, involvement, and positive moods significantly influence customers’ trusting belief of service providers. Research limitations/implications – This study focussed on the financial services industry only. While this industry represents an ideal new product development context, future research is needed to test the theory in different industries. Practical implications – The research findings advance the understanding of how to successfully build customer trust for innovative products. Originality/value – Current research unfolds the impact of customer involvement on trust development and supplements existing trust study findings by examining the mediating effect of positive mood on trust development through quantitative research. The research findings increase the understanding of how customers develop trust with service provider.
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Stevens, Elise M., and Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier. "Facing Our Feelings." Communication Research 44, no. 1 (2016): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215587358.
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According to mood management theory, individuals are hedonically motivated to select media content that facilitates a positive mood state, which at its core, suggests a desire to escape from—to avoid—affective states that are not positive. In efforts to explain when individuals might make non-hedonic media choices, two studies examined individuals’ coping tendencies and current affect, among other measures, before making a media content choice. Results showed that mood management was most predictive for people who were naturally inclined to cope with stressors using avoidance tactics. Those who were less inclined to engage in avoidance coping strategies did not appear compelled to escape from, that is, improve, their low positive affective state with “happy” media. Findings are discussed in terms of situating mood management behaviors within the larger context of coping strategies. Implications of this research include the furtherance of entertainment theory and technology innovation with regard to tailoring one’s entertainment media diet.
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Dillman Carpentier, Francesca R., Jane D. Brown, Michele Bertocci, Jennifer S. Silk, Erika E. Forbes, and Ronald E. Dahl. "Sad Kids, Sad Media? Applying Mood Management Theory to Depressed Adolescents' Use of Media." Media Psychology 11, no. 1 (2008): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260701834484.
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Bae, Joonheui, Sang Jin Kim, Kyung Hoon Kim, and Dong-Mo Koo. "Affective value of game items: a mood management and selective exposure approach." Internet Research 29, no. 2 (2019): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-12-2017-0477.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between game items and mood management to show the affective value of game items. Specifically, the study examines the impact of interaction between two negative mood states (stress vs boredom) and types of game items (functional vs decorative) on the purchasing intention of game items.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments were conducted to predict the outcomes of using game items.FindingsGame users effectively manage their level of arousal and mood valence using game items. The selective exposure theory provides additional understanding of different purchasing behaviors, suggesting that stressed users are more likely to purchase decorative items while bored users purchase functional items to manage their mood.Research limitations/implicationsThe study results show the affective role of game items in mood management. While previous studies focused on the cognitive and functional aspects of purchasing game items, this study extends the value of game items as augmented products.Practical implicationsWhen launching new games, companies should provide game users free game items for mood management. In addition, to increase intervention potential and behavioral affinity, marketers need to develop and launch more game item types.Originality/valueThis study extends the understanding of affective value of game items by applying mood management and selective exposure theories to explain the purchase intention of game items.
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Jordan, Peter J., Sandra A. Lawrence, and Ashlea C. Troth. "The impact of negative mood on team performance." Journal of Management & Organization 12, no. 2 (2006): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2006.12.2.131.
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ABSTRACTAlthough organisations often implement team-based structures to improve performance, such restructuring does not automatically ameliorate poor performance. The study in this article explores the relationship between team members' negative mood and team processes (social cohesion, workload sharing, team conflict) to determine if negative mood has a detrimental effect on team performance via team processes. Two hundred and forty one participants completed surveys and were involved in an independently rated performance task that was completed over eight weeks. Negative mood was found to influence team processes and as a consequence, team performance. The results, however, were not uniformly negative. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Ye, Qingyan, Duanxu Wang, and Xi Li. "Promoting employees’ learning from errors by inclusive leadership." Baltic Journal of Management 13, no. 1 (2018): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-05-2017-0160.
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Purpose In today’s complex and challenging work environment, employees’ learning from errors has become critical to organizations’ survival and success. While the literature has highlighted the importance of inclusive leadership for learning behavior in organizations, research on how inclusive leadership promotes employees’ learning from errors has been limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by developing and testing a moderated mediation model that emphasizes the key roles of positive mood and gender in the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors. Design/methodology/approach A multi-time survey method was used in this study to collect data from 202 full-time employees working in China. Findings The hypothesized moderated mediation model in this study was supported. Inclusive leadership facilitated employees’ learning from errors through employees’ positive mood, and employees’ gender moderated both the direct relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ positive mood and the indirect relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors through employees’ positive mood: the relationships were stronger for female employees than for male employees. Originality/value By incorporating the social role theory into the affective events theory framework, this study may help to open the “black box” of the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors by explicating the importance of positive mood and gender, thereby shedding light on the timely issues of inclusive leadership, mood, and learning from errors in the workplace.
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Luomala, Harri T. "A Mood-Alleviative Perspective On Self-Gift Behaviours: Stimulating Consumer Behaviour Theory Development." Journal of Marketing Management 14, no. 1-3 (1998): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725798784959318.
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Clark, Malissa A., Melissa M. Robertson, and Nathan T. Carter. "You Spin Me Right Round: A Within-Person Examination of Affect Spin and Voluntary Work Behavior." Journal of Management 44, no. 8 (2016): 3176–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316662315.
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The current study extends prior research on emotional dynamics within the workplace by examining workplace correlates of within-person affect spin—a form of variability in affect states. Drawing from affective events theory, the current study tests both concurrent and lagged associations between work events, daily affect spin, mood, and daily voluntary workplace behaviors in a 2-week daily diary study of 114 working adults. Multilevel analyses demonstrated that levels of daily affect spin were higher on days in which employees experienced mixed work events (i.e., both positive and negative work events on the same day) compared to days with only positive work events or no work events. Results revealed that daily affect spin was indirectly related to daily organizational citizenship behavior through lower pleasant mood. Lagged analyses suggest the effects of daily spin on mood and voluntary work behaviors may not carry over to the next day. Our findings build upon prior between-person research on affect spin by providing evidence that affect spin can be meaningfully assessed at the within-person level of analysis. Moreover, this article extends prior research and theory by showing that affect spin is an important correlate of workplace events, mood, and voluntary work behavior at the within-person level.
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Taheri, Babak, Filipe J. Coelho, Carlos M. P. Sousa, and Heiner Evanschitzky. "Mood regulation, customer participation, and customer value creation in hospitality services." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, no. 12 (2017): 3063–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2016-0389.
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Purpose Customers play a key role in value creation. Not surprisingly, research has investigated customers’ motivations to engage in the creation of value. Thus, this study aims to assess the link between mood-regulatory processes and customer participation in value creation. Design/methodology/approach This study develops a model that relates mood-regulatory processes to customer participation and customer value creation, and tests it with a sample of 419 hotel customers, using partial least squares estimation. Findings It is found that mood clarity relates directly with customer relational value; mood monitoring relates directly with customer participation as well as directly and indirectly with customer economic and relational value; and mood repair relates directly with customer participation and customer economic value, as well as indirectly with customer economic and relational value. Research limitations/implications This is a cross-sectional study limited only to hotels in Iran. This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between mood regulation with customer participation and value creation. Hospitality service organizations interested in promoting customer participation may consider mood as a segmentation criterion. Originality/value Value creation theory was applied to identify the relationship among customer mood regulation, participation, economic value and relational value, as it is first attempted in the hospitality studies.
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Zhang, Qihua, Haihua Hu, and Chengjun Wang. "Negative mood and employee voice: The moderating role of leadership." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8514.
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We applied mood-as-information theory to investigate the effect of negative mood on prohibitive and promotive employee voice, and the moderating role of transformational and transactional leadership styles in this relationship. We recruited a paired employee–supervisor sample, comprising 48 supervisors who rated their employees' promotive and prohibitive voice, and 224 employees who completed measures of negative affect and their supervisors' transformational and transactional leadership. Our results showed that negative mood enhanced prohibitive voice but reduced promotive voice. Further, transformational leadership weakened the effect of negative mood on voice, whereas transactional leadership reinforced this effect. The research results provide a solid theoretical basis for managers to manage their negative mood by changing their leadership behavior, and provide a new perspective for leaders to develop employee management strategies, and develop an objective and impartial evaluation system based on the intuitive external behaviors of employees.
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Baranik, Lisa E., and Lillian Eby. "Organizational citizenship behaviors and employee depressed mood, burnout, and satisfaction with health and life." Personnel Review 45, no. 4 (2016): 626–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-03-2014-0066.
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Purpose – Using mood regulation theories and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors aimed at individuals (OCB-Is) and depressed mood, burnout, and satisfaction with life and health would be mediated by positive affect. Design/methodology/approach – Lagged data were collected from employee-supervisor dyads. Findings – OCB-Is were related to positive affect, and positive affect was positively related to subsequent reports of life satisfaction and general health satisfaction, and negatively related to burnout and depressed mood. Positive affect mediated the relationship between OCB-Is and life satisfaction, general health satisfaction, and depressed mood but not burnout. An alternative reverse causality mediation model ruled out the possibility that OCB-Is mediated the relationship between positive affect and the employee outcomes. Originality/value – These findings lend support for OCBs being an antecedent of mood, rather than vice versa.
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Teng, Ching-I., Hsu-Min Tseng, and Heng-Hui Wu. "Positive Mood as a Mediator of the Relations among Musical Preference, Postconsumption Product Evaluation, and Consumer Satisfaction." Psychological Reports 100, no. 3 (2007): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.3.927-938.
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This study of how positive mood mediates the influences of musical preference and postconsumption product evaluation on consumer satisfaction focuses specifically on a model in which positive mood fully mediates the influences. The proposed model is compared with two competing models, and a structural equation model is used to test and compare the three theory-driven models. This study sampled 247 students majoring in management at a single university. They had mean age of 23 yr. ( SD = 2.5). This study used questionnaires to measure subjects' evaluations of a cup of coffee, preference for the music broadcast in the coffee shop, positive mood, and satisfaction after they had the coffee. Analysis indicated that the proposed model outperformed the two competing models in describing the data using chi-square difference tests. Positive mood was identified as a full mediator of the relationship between musical preference and consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the results demonstrate for service managers the importance of creating positive consumer mood.
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Lagouir, Marouane, Abdelmajid Badri, and Yassine Sayouti. "Solving Multi-Objective Energy Management of a DC Microgrid using Multi-Objective Multiverse Optimization." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (2021): 911–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.38909.
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This paper deals with the multi-objective optimization dispatch (MOOD) problem in a DC microgrid. The aim is to formulate the MOOD to simultaneously minimize the operating cost, pollutant emission level of (NOx, SO2 and CO2) and the power loss of conversion devices. Taking into account the equality and inequality constraints of the system. Two approaches have been adopted to solve the MOOD issue. The scalarization approach is first introduced, which combines the weighted sum method with price penalty factor to aggregate objective functions and obtain Pareto optimal solutions. Whilst, the Pareto approach is based on the implementation of evolutionary multi-objective optimization solution. Single and multi-objective versions of multi-verse optimizer algorithm are, respectively, employed in both approaches to handle the MOOD. For each time step, a fuzzy set theory is selected to find the best compromise solution in the Pareto optimal set. The simulation results reveal that the Pareto approach achieves the best performances with a considerable decrease of 28.96 $/day in the daily operating cost, a slight reduction in the power loss of conversion devices from 419.79 kWh to 419.29 kWh, and in less computational time. While, it is noticing a small increment in the pollutant emission level from 11.54 kg/day to 12.21 kg/day, for the daily microgrid operation. This deviation can be fully covered when comparing the cost related to the treatment of these pollutants, which is only 5.55 $/day, to the significant reduction in the operating cost obtained using the Pareto approach.
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Gaynor, Scott T., Ashley P. Thomas, and P. Scott Lawrence. "Dysphoric Mood and Preference for Immediate versus Delayed Monetary Reinforcement." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (1999): 1281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1281.
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It has been proposed that depression is the product of deficits in self-management skills: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. While interventions based on this theory have shown promise, some of the basic tenets upon which the theory is based lack empirical support. The present experiment tested one such tenet—the claim that depressed individuals select smaller more immediate reinforcers (an impulsive choice) at the expense of larger more delayed reinforcers (a self-control choice). Currently, empirical support for this notion is sparse and contradictory. This study addressed several methodological problems in earlier studies by creating divergent groups based on Beck Depression Inventory scores, employing a task requiring multiple responses and applying a quantitative model to determine reinforcer value. Analyses indicated no systematic difference between participants in the dysphoric and nondysphoric groups in ability to delay reinforcement. Thus, the current results provide no support for the hypothesis that the 36 dysphoric individuals were unable to delay reinforcement relative to the 21 nondysphoric individuals. Because respondents across the sample as a whole showed a self-control preference, however, the data are consistent with findings in the experimental study of choice responding with adult human subjects. Interpretations in terms of sensitivity and pseudosensitivity to the experimental contingencies are explored.
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Yoon, Hye Jin. "Creating the mood for humor: arousal level priming in humor advertising." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 5 (2018): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2017-2074.
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Purpose Surprise has been recognized as a key process in humor. Past studies have seldom tested elements that could increase the surprise in humor advertising, subsequently increasing perceived humor and positive ad outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to test the effects of priming a lower arousal baseline before humor ad exposure. It proposed that this would generate greater humor ad surprise because of contrast effects, leading to greater perceived humor and positive ad effects. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments tested the effects of arousal and valence of primes on humor ads. Attention, perceived humor and ad effectiveness of the humor ads were measured. Findings Evidence of lower (vs higher) arousal primes leading to greater humor ad evaluations was found across three experiments. Felt arousal of the ad mediated the relationship between the prime conditions and perceived humor. Originality/value No study has focused on context effects of the unique process of humor ads. This study advanced the arousal theory of incongruity-resolution humor and further emphasized the role of surprise. The findings implicate that the surroundings of the humor ad could increase its effectiveness.
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Leavitt, Keith, Christopher M. Barnes, Trevor Watkins, and David T. Wagner. "From the Bedroom to the Office: Workplace Spillover Effects of Sexual Activity at Home." Journal of Management 45, no. 3 (2017): 1173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206317698022.
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Sexual behavior represents relatively common and mundane home-life behavior, with demonstrated impact on both mood and general physical and psychological well-being. Integrating emergent research on sex and mood with theory on work-life enrichment, we propose a novel model demonstrating the effects of sexual behavior at home on next-day job satisfaction and job engagement as a function of positive affect. Using a 2-week daily diary study of married, employed adults, we found that (a) when employees engaged in sex at home, they reported increased positive affect at work the following day, independent of the effects of marital satisfaction; (b) sex at home increased both daily job satisfaction and daily job engagement as a function of increased positive affect; and (c) daily work-to-family strain-based conflict significantly reduced the likelihood of engaging in sex at home that evening. Accordingly, we extend theory on work-life enrichment by demonstrating the import of seemingly banal behavior on daily work life, with implications for work-life impingement.
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Jin, Eunjoo, and Lucy Atkinson. "The Moderating Role of Emotion: The Combinatory Effects of Positive Emotion and News Framing Techniques on Climate Change Attitudes." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 98, no. 3 (2021): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699020988105.
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Based on mood management theory and the broaden-and-build theory, this study examines whether an individual’s emotional state influences the persuasive efficacy of climate change news framing techniques. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a 2 (Message Framing: thematic vs. episodic) × 2 (Emotion: positive vs. control) between-subjects factorial design experiment. Results indicate that episodically framed messages significantly decrease news believability and risk perception for people in a positive emotional state. News believability and risk perception positively mediated the effects of emotion and message frame on policy support and behavioral intention.
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Ridgway, Jessica L. "Before and After Avatar Exposure." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 2 (2017): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x17749924.
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Loker et. al. initiated a call for research investigating how third dimension (3-D) affects one’s perceptions of their own body by raising the following questions: Will the ability to see ourselves in 3-D increase body acceptance of normal variations and counteract the popular media images of what constitutes a beautiful body? Or will 3-D views increase dissatisfaction with our real bodies? In response, the researcher guided by self-discrepancy theory, investigated the unique experience of viewing one’s body in 3-D on participants’ self-reported levels of body satisfaction, mood, and appearance management. Results indicated that viewing one’s avatar in 3-D magnifies individuals’ actual–ideal (AI) self-discrepancies regardless of gender. The researcher observed decreased body satisfaction and mood when the magnitude of participants’ AI discrepancies increased. Both men and women indicated wanting to engage in greater appearance management behaviors postavatar viewing compared to baseline reports. The theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
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Razzaq, Sumrina, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, Malik Ikramullah, and Jan-Willem van Prooijen. "Occurrence of rating distortions and ratees’ fairness perceptions per raters’ mood and affect." Career Development International 21, no. 7 (2016): 726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-03-2016-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of rating distortions under raters’ different mood conditions and at different levels of interpersonal affect of raters towards ratees, and further its association with ratees’ perceptions of distributive and interpersonal fairness. Design/methodology/approach For the scenario-based experiment, the study recruited 110 undergraduate students as participants. Of them, 22 raters appraised the video-taped buyer-seller negotiation performance of 88 ratees. Repeated measures analysis was employed to analyse data. Findings Results revealed that under different mood conditions (pleasant and sad) and at different levels of interpersonal affect towards ratees (high and low), raters distorted ratings (inflated and deflated, respectively). These rating distortions shaped ratees fairness perceptions in such a way that ratees who received inflated ratings due to raters’ pleasant mood and high interpersonal affect perceived more distributive and interpersonal fairness than ratees who received deflated ratings due to raters’ sad mood and low interpersonal affect. Originality/value The paper is a step towards integrating the affect infusion model with distributive and interpersonal fairness theory. This integration can be of value for enhancing our understanding of how rater-centric rating errors take place, which subsequently shape ratees’ fairness perceptions.
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Ballouli, Khalid, Jason Reese, and Brandon Brown. "Effects of mood states and team identification on pricing in the secondary ticket market." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 7, no. 3 (2017): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose Although current literature offers support for understanding sport consumer behavior from psychological and sociological perspectives, there is a lack of research that examines the effect of one’s emotional response to team outcomes on subsequent economic decisions. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by studying how emotional responses to sport events moderate a typical endowment bias in the secondary ticket market. Design/methodology/approach This research comprised a 3×2×2 between-participants design with emotional state (positive, negative, and neutral), role (seller, buyer), and fan identification (high, low) as the three factors. Prospect theory and social identity theory guided hypothesis development whereby it was proposed that, depending on the affective response of study participants to positive, negative, or neutral publicity concerning the team, team identification would impact the transaction function (buyers vs sellers) on price values for tickets to a future event. Findings Findings revealed an interaction effect of emotions and team identification on the endowment effect to the extent that bargaining gaps between sellers and buyers increased or decreased depending on mood states and levels of identification with the team. Originality/value This study adds to the literature on emotions and the key role they play in effecting pricing decisions and consumer behavior, especially given fan identification is such a significant area of study with numerous implications for sport business and management.
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Zolotoy, Leon, Don O’Sullivan, Geoffrey P. Martin, and Madhu Veeraraghavan. "The Role of Affect in Shaping the Behavioral Consequences of CEO Option Incentives." Journal of Management 45, no. 7 (2018): 2920–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206318771179.
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We advance behavioral agency theory by exploring the influence of mood or “affect” on the behavioral consequences of stock option incentives. Drawing on insights from psychology and behavioral decision theory, we describe how affect influences agent risk behavior. We argue that positive affect amplifies both the extent to which executives reduce strategic risk taking in response to risk bearing and engage in strategic risk taking in response to incentives for further enrichment. Building again on the psychology literature, we describe how CEO accountability attenuates the influence of affect on CEO risk behavior in response to stock option incentives. We test our expectations in a longitudinal data set of CEO stock option incentives, affect, and strategic risk taking by U.S. firms.
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Allen, Rory, and Pamela Heaton. "Autism, Music, and the Therapeutic Potential of Music in Alexithymia." Music Perception 27, no. 4 (2010): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.251.
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IT HAS BEEN ARGUED, IN VIEW OF THE SOCIAL evolutionary origins of music and the social deficits found in autism, that individuals with autism will be emotionally unresponsive to music. However, a recent study of high-functioning adults with autism has shown that they appear to have a range of responses to music similar to typically developing people, including the deliberate use of music for mood management. In examining why these responses appear unaffected in autism, we explore possible mechanisms for musical mood induction in listeners, hypothesizing that the simulation theory of empathy may illuminate current controversies over the nature of emotion in music. Drawing on these ideas, we put forward suggestions for using a simple associative learning process between musically induced emotions and their cognitive correlates for the clinical treatment of alexithymia, a disorder that is common in autism and characterized by an absence of cognitive insight into one's emotions.
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Hill, Annette, Tina Askanius, and Koko Kondo. "Live reality television: Care structures within the production and reception of talent shows." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 14, no. 1 (2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602018774458.
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This article focuses on production and reception practices for live reality television using critical theory and empirical research to question how producers and audiences co-create and limit live experiences. The concept of care structures is used to make visible hidden labour in the creation of mood, in particular audiences as participants in the management of live experiences. In the case of Got to Dance, there was a play off between the value and meaning of the live events as a temporary experience captured by ratings and social media, and the more enduring collective-social experience of this reality series over time.
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Ashkanasy, Neal M., Charmine E. J. Härtel, and Catherine S. Daus. "Diversity and Emotion: The New Frontiers in Organizational Behavior Research." Journal of Management 28, no. 3 (2002): 307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630202800304.
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This article provides a review of recent developments in two topical areas of research in contemporary organizational behavior: diversity and emotions. In the section called “Diversity,” we trace the history of diversity research, explore the definitions and paradigms used in treatments of diversity, and signal new areas of interest. We conclude that organizational behavior in the 21st century is evolving to embrace a more eclectic and holistic view of humans at work. In the section called “Emotions,” we turn our attention to recent developments in the study of emotions in organizations. We identify four major topics: mood theory, emotional labor, affective events theory (AET), and emotional intelligence, and argue that developments in the four domains have significant implications for organizational research, and the progression of the study of organizational behavior. As with the study of diversity, the topic of emotions in the workplace is shaping up as one of the principal areas of development in management thought and practice for the next decade. Finally, we discuss in our conclusion how these two areas are being conceptually integrated, and the implications for management scholarship and research in the contemporary world.
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Flurry, Laura Ann, and Krist R. Swimberghe. "The affluenza epidemic: consequences of parent-child value congruence in a material world." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 2 (2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-04-2019-3159.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to offer a theoretical explanation for the perpetuation of materialistic values among adolescents. In a recent survey by the Pew Research Center (2019), adolescents in America say that having a lot of money is more important to them in their future than getting married or having children. This research answers the call for a theoretical explanation for the perpetuation of materialistic values among adolescents. Using person–environment fit (P-E fit) theory, this study argues that it is not the content of the values, but rather the fit between a person’s value priorities and the values prevailing in the environment which is crucial to well-being. Design/methodology/approach A national online panel was used to collect cross-sectional survey data from 278 families (adolescents aged 13–18 and their parents). Findings Findings indicate that adolescents in congruent value households express significantly greater life satisfaction and less depressed mood than adolescents in conflict value households. In fact, materialistic adolescents living in materialistic households expressed the greatest life satisfaction, a finding which contrasts with the current claims that materialism uniformly causes anxiety and depressed mood. Research limitations/implications To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test person–environment fit theory in the context of the family and to offer this theory as a viable explanation of affluenza among America’s youth. The results of this study support the P-E fit theory and suggest that materialism is not universally associated with negative well-being, but rather that adolescents’ well-being is a function of the congruency of an adolescent’s values to his/her family environment. Social implications While materialistic socialization within the family does enhance the well-being of adolescents temporarily, it may also set adolescents up for a lifetime of harmful expectations from the pursuit money. A consistent pattern of overconsumption as a reward to adolescents may later produce materialistic adults who suffer from financial difficulties and mental health disorders. Disproportionate consumption further leads to environmental pollution. Originality/value No study to date has examined the impact of value congruence in the household (parent-child), as it pertains to the development of materialism in adolescents and its effects on adolescents’ well-being. This study suggests that highly materialistic adolescents can experience happiness from the pursuit of consumption. This offers insight into how a value deemed as detrimental as materialism continues to permeate in our society.
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Reizer, Abira, and Amir Hetsroni. "Media Exposure and Romantic Relationship Quality: A Slippery Slope?" Psychological Reports 114, no. 1 (2014): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.07.pr0.114k11w6.
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This study examines whether media consumption predicted relationship quality among 188 college students who were involved in romantic relationships. The respondents assessed their commitment to the relationship, their satisfaction from the relationship, and their tendency to engage in conflicts within the relationship. Media consumption was measured by assessing the time dedicated to television viewing in general, watching specific genres, Internet use, and news-paper reading. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that total TV viewing time statistically predicted lower commitment to the relationship, while viewing of programming focusing on romantic relationships predicted lower satisfaction and stronger tendency to engage in conflicts. Consumption of media other than television and the control factors did not predict any indicator of relationship quality. The pattern of negative associations between TV viewing and relationship quality is discussed with reference to cultivation theory and mood management theory.
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Bogatyrev, S. Yu. "The behavioral valuation apparatus." Finance and Credit 26, no. 2 (2020): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.2.257.
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Subject. The article discusses behavioral valuation tools and focuses on the creation of the behavioral valuation methodology. Objectives The study reveals mechanisms for setting behavioral valuation indicators. Methods. I prove it is reasonable to apply the classical theory of valuation to set behavioral valuation tools. The article presents elements and formulae of the classical valuation theory and provides mechanisms for setting respective tools. Results. Mood measurement in news is the backbone of analytical tools described in the article. As part of the mood measurement in news, researchers process all news relating to analyzable companies and measure it by seven-grade scale. I articulated the behavioral beta measurement theory in accordance with the behavioral pricing theory of Hersh Shefrin and Meyer Statman. The article unveils the possible effect of using analytical materials, which complement the decision-making process concerning an investment strategy in the most distant retrospect. I showcase how the fundamental analysis and valuation may help you record a quotation per each day while catching what opinion an analyst had about the quotation at the same point of time, what emotional environment surrounded the pricing process within the analyzable period of time. Conclusions and Relevance. The article presents the method to set behavioral valuation tools, being a step towards pricing based on behavioral valuation. The article showcases the relationship of behavioral valuation tools and classical valuation tools and new valuation models. I devised the framework for practical computations. The findings apply to valuation, corporate finance, public and municipal finance, tax issues, stock exchanges. It is especially important to use behavioral valuation tools during the instability and crisis, change in the market paradigm, market shifts, changes in the return and volatility of financial instruments. Behavioral valuation tools supplements and extends the conventional tools used in traditional finance, makes cost management decisions more informed.
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Peng, Ying, Jin Ling Hou, and Jing Wang. "Research on the Complex Adaptive Model of Learning Organizational Change." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.261.
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Since the 90s of last century, learning organization as a new organizational mode is highly prized by the management scholars all over the world. It is considered as a new trend and an ideal mode of the global organizational management in the knowledge economy era. In consideration of learning organizations with attributes of complex system, the theory of complex adaptive system provides a possible route on methodology for the study of its organizational change. This paper starts from the view of complex adaptive system theory, analyzes the initiative, adaptability of the learning organization and its interaction with the environment. It assumes that with the constant change of the performance parameters, functions and attributes of the organization, the entire organization mode and the structure will also change. Furthermore by constructing a complex adaptive model of learning organization, this paper elaborates the organizational change process, and extracts the information communication, organizational mood, leadership style and organizational knowledge as the impact indicators. The conclusion of this research has some significance as reference for those who try to improve the level of the adaptability of organizations in the various changing environment.
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Shahriari, Elmira, Ivonne M. Torres, Miguel Angel Zúñiga, and Nourah Alfayez. "Picture this: the role of mental imagery in induction of food craving – a theoretical framework based on the elaborated intrusion theory." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 1 (2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2018-2553.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of four types of imagery stimuli (i.e. visual, olfactory, gustatory and auditory) on food craving intensity based on the Elaborated Intrusion theory and the central role of mental imagery in the food craving experience. The roles of overall perception of sensory imagery attributes and perceived availability in moderating this process were also tested. The aim is to extract the positive aspects of food cravings by increasing them and shifting them toward healthy foods. Design/methodology/approach In an online experiment, 314 participants were randomly primed with each imagery condition. After being exposed to either healthy or unhealthy food pictures, participants completed a questionnaire measuring their craving state, trait food craving, imaging ability, BMI, dietary restraint, hunger and mood. At the end, the impact of food craving intensity on marketing outcomes (i.e. willingness to pay, price sensitivity and food intake) were tested. Findings As predicted, visual imagery was found to be the strongest stimulus inducing food craving followed by olfactory, gustatory and auditory stimuli. Furthermore, the results indicate that perceived availability of food is the only important variable moderating this process. Additionally, the results show that hunger makes consumers more susceptible to food cravings than mood. Moreover, food craving intensity showed significant impact on the two marketing outcomes: willingness to pay and food intake. Research limitations/implications First, the authors used a cheeseburger as unhealthy food and salad as healthy food, future studies can increase the generalizability of the findings by using other types of food. Second, physiological and psychological disorders should be considered and studied as influential factors on food cravings in future studies. Third, future studies should include some behavioral measures besides the analysis of state and trait craving. Fourth, although the main objective of this study was to compare the effect of different imagery stimuli on consumers’ food craving, there was no control (no-stimulus) condition. Practical implications Marketing strategists may benefit from the fact that encouraging consumers to visualize some specific type of food product along with informing them about its availability will elevate their craving for that food product. Hence, using this strategy in shopping environments could be beneficial. In the context of improving people’s diet, our results showed that encouraging people to visualize healthy foods (e.g. fruits and vegetables) might be more helpful than priming them with the benefits of eating healthy. Originality/value There has been a recent enthusiastic interest in identifying the role of food related mental imagery and stimuli in consumers’ decision making and their final consumption (Christian et al., 2016). Nevertheless, very few studies in marketing have paid attention to these underpinning stimuli driving food craving and the significant influence of this food craving phenomenon on marketing outcomes.
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Holleman, Marsha Cline, John I. Thornby, and Joseph M. Merrill. "Substance Abusers: Role of Personal and Professional Role Traits in Caregivers' Causal Attributions." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (2000): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.407.
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Substance abuse continues to be a major health problem compounded by caregivers' negative attitudes toward these patients. We investigated attributions 55 primary care physicians and 315 senior medical students make toward substance abusers. Half of both groups expressed negative causal attributions, with women slightly less negative than men. Mental models based on LISREL regression coefficients showed that higher negative attributions by both physicians and students were related to their increased authoritarianism and depressed mood. Medical students choosing careers in primary care specialties, including psychiatry, expressed a less negative attributional style toward substance abusers than those students entering nonprimary careers. Health professional educators may find that using attribution theory to redefine successful outcomes in management of substance abuse can result in better attitudes for caregivers.
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Menzies, Victoria, and Debra E. Lyon. "Integrated Review of the Association of Cytokines With Fibromyalgia and Fibromyalgia Core Symptoms." Biological Research For Nursing 11, no. 4 (2009): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800409348328.
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Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fatigue syndrome that affects three to six million adults in the United States. Core symptoms of FMS include pain, fatigue, and mood and sleep disturbances. To date, consensus has not been reached among researchers regarding the pathogenesis of FMS nor the specific role of cytokine activation on the neuroendocrine—immune response patterns in persons with FMS. The purpose of this article is to describe and synthesize the results of research studies focused on the relationship between cytokines and FMS and among cytokines and core symptoms of FMS. There is some support in the literature for relationships among FMS symptoms and cytokines; however, there are discrepant findings related to whether proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are elevated or reduced in persons with FMS and whether their levels correlate with the core symptoms of this disorder. Although the use of cytokine biomarkers must be considered exploratory at this time due to the lack of consistent empirical findings, biobehavioral research focused on understanding the relationship of FMS with cytokines may lead to a better understanding of this complex syndrome. This knowledge may ultimately contribute to the development of interventions for symptom management that address not only the symptom manifestation but also a biological mediator of symptoms.
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Annesi, James J. "Relationships between Self-Regulation Skills and Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Obese Adults: Mediation of Mood and Self-Efficacy." Psychological Reports 108, no. 1 (2011): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.13.20.pr0.108.1.95-103.
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In cognitive-behavioral treatments for obesity, self-regulation is thought to be a strong predictor of behavioral change, but it is rarely directly measured in intervention research. Thus, how self-regulation interacts with other psychological variables regarding treatment effects is largely unknown. In this preliminary field study, self-regulatory skills were directly measured and were found to be significantly associated with both volume of exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption in severely obese adults ( N = 116) enrolled in a behavioral weight management program. Significant partial and complete mediation of the relationship between self-regulation for physical activity and physical activity, and self-regulation for appropriate eating and fruit and vegetable intake, respectively, were found by reported negative mood. Self-efficacy was not found to be a significant mediator of these relationships. The bivariate relationship between baseline scores of self-regulation for physical activity and self-regulation for appropriate eating was significant ( r = .46), which supported the premise that self-regulation is a traitlike personal characteristic. Volume of exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption significantly predicted weight loss over 6 months ( R2 = .35). Results were consistent with the few laboratory-based findings available and, after replication, may extend theory related to obesity treatment.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, Rohi Shah, Maria Armaou, Paul Leighton, Jitendra Mangwani, and Joseph Dias. "What can we learn from the experiences and expectations of patients on growing waiting lists for planned care in the COVID-19 pandemic?" Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 8 (2021): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.28.bjo-2021-0056.r1.
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Aims COVID-19 has compounded a growing waiting list problem, with over 4.5 million patients now waiting for planned elective care in the UK. Views of patients on waiting lists are rarely considered in prioritization. Our primary aim was to understand how to support patients on waiting lists by hearing their experiences, concerns, and expectations. The secondary aim was to capture objective change in disability and coping mechanisms. Methods A minimum representative sample of 824 patients was required for quantitative analysis to provide a 3% margin of error. Sampling was stratified by body region (upper/lower limb, spine) and duration on the waiting list. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of elective orthopaedic waiting list patients with their planned intervention paused due to COVID-19. Analyzed parameters included baseline health, change in physical/mental health status, challenges and coping strategies, preferences/concerns regarding treatment, and objective quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2)). Qualitative analysis was performed via the Normalization Process Theory. Results A total of 888 patients responded. Better health, pain, and mood scores were reported by upper limb patients. The longest waiters reported better health but poorer mood and anxiety scores. Overall, 82% had tried self-help measures to ease symptoms; 94% wished to proceed with their intervention; and 21% were prepared to tolerate deferral. Qualitative analysis highlighted the overall patient mood to be represented by the terms ‘understandable’, ‘frustrated’, ‘pain’, ‘disappointed’, and ‘not happy/depressed’. COVID-19-mandated health and safety measures and technology solutions were felt to be implemented well. However, patients struggled with access to doctors and pain management, quality of life (physical and psychosocial) deterioration, and delay updates. Conclusion This is the largest study to hear the views of this ‘hidden’ cohort. Our findings are widely relevant to ensure provision of better ongoing support and communication, mostly within the constraints of current resources. In response, we developed a reproducible local action plan to address highlighted issues. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):583–593.
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Stanojlovic, Olivera, Nikola Sutulovic, Dragan Hrncic, et al. "Neural pathways underlying the interplay between emotional experience and behavior, from old theories to modern insight." Archives of Biological Sciences, no. 00 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs210510029s.
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Emotions are specific psychological states brought about by neurophysiological changes associated with feelings, thoughts and behavioral responses. Emotions were considered as irrational experiences beyond the domain of logical perception because of their intertwinement with mood, temperament, creativity, motivation and personality. Through the centuries, emotions have been the focus of research among great classical philosophers, doctors, neuropsychologists, neuroscientists, neurologists and psychiatrists. The neurophysiological basis of behavior, such as emotional facial expression, and autonomic events in the physiological theory of William James and James-Lange and modified by Cannon-Bard, was followed by the two-factor theory of emotions of Schachter-Singer and Lazarus? higher-order cognitive evaluation. Four components that influence each other represent the concept of emotions and complete the overall emotional experience, and these are: autonomous (increase in heart rate, blood pressure); somatic (body language, facial expressions); cognitive (control, management), and subjective feeling (emotion, individual experience). The interplay between emotions and cognition has been the subject of research. Emotions can be evoked reflexively by simple physical stimuli (bottom-up), but can also be complex reactions involving cognitive, physiological and behavioral reactions (top-down). The amygdala, the ?alert" or ?neural alarm? structure, is responsible for conditioning fear, while the medial prefrontal cortex participates in emotion self-regulation and decision making.
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Bouferguene, Sabrina, Alexandra Lapierre, Pierre Rainville, and Caroline Arbour. "The Effect of Age and Pain on Quantitative Sensory Testing Measurements After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings." Biological Research For Nursing 22, no. 3 (2020): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420912462.
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Background: Chronic pain after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with notable sensory alterations. Although the incidence of TBI is rapidly growing in older populations, elderly individuals have been largely excluded from sensory testing studies, thus limiting evidence regarding the influence of age on pain-related sensory alterations after TBI. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the sensory profiles of patients with and without chronic pain after moderate-to-severe TBI. Methods: Thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing were performed on the painful and contralateral body regions in TBI participants with pain (TBI-P) and on both forearms in TBI participants without pain (TBI-NP). Descriptive information about chronic pain and psychological comorbidities was assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: Participants included 37 young (18–59 years, 57% with chronic pain) and 22 elderly (≥60 years, 46% with chronic pain) survivors of moderate-to-severe TBI. TBI-P participants exhibited significant alterations in heat and pressure pain sensitivity compared to TBI-NP participants, with more pronounced decreases in heat detection in the elderly group and increased warmth sensitivity in the young group. Alterations were not always associated with chronic pain, as cold hypoesthesia was found in elderly TBI-NP participants. In both age groups, chronic pain was associated with higher levels of depressive mood. Conclusions: Results suggest that young and elderly TBI survivors have both common and unique sensory properties, highlighting the need to pursue sensory testing studies in older patient groups. Depression might also be an important target for pain management after TBI.
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Davies, Marilyn A., Yvette Conley, and Bryan L. Roth. "Functional SNPs in Genes Encoding the 5-HT2A Receptor Modify the Affinity and Potency of Several Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs." Biological Research For Nursing 13, no. 1 (2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800409358760.
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Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AADs) are the standard treatment for both the acute and long-term management of schizophrenia and an augmentation to mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder (BD). Yet many individuals who take AADs do not fully respond to them, while others experience side effects that include weight gain and metabolic disorder. This in vitro pharmacogenetic study examined whether allelic variants in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)2A receptor alter the in vitro pharmacology of six AADs (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole). We selected 4 functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for investigation (Thr25Asn, Ile197Val, Ala447Val, and His452Tyr), conducted site-directed mutagenesis studies to induce variants into human HEK-293 cell lines, and screened allelic variants for their effects on 5-HT 2A receptors in the cell lines. We conducted numerous binding assays and fluorescence-based assay system (FLEX station) experiments using the six AADs. Our results indicated that three polymorphic 5-HT2A receptors (Ile197Val, Ala447Val, and His452Tyr) exhibited statistically significant, though modest, changes in atypical antipsychotic affinity. In addition, three polymorphic receptors (Thr25Asn, Ile197Val, and His452Try) altered AAD potency. Our findings support in vivo evidence that functional SNPs in genes encoding neuroreceptor drug targets could explain interindividual differences in AAD drug response and tolerability. We suggest that more in vivo pharmacogenetic studies of well-characterized patients who are prescribed AADs be indicated. Future pharmacogenetic studies of well-characterized patients will likely involve tagging SNPs and the use of haplotypes related to other genes encoding neuroreceptor drug targets.
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Schulman, Daniel J., Portia Singh, Mladen Milosevic, and Ali Samadani. "EXPLORING TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED ASSESSMENTS OF SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCE BY INFORMAL CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1220.
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Abstract For community-dwelling older adults with chronic conditions, effective symptom management is a determinant of quality of life. Providers often have poor knowledge of an individual’s symptoms experience, especially when contact is infrequent, leading to suboptimal symptom management. Many older adults receive frequent care and contact from family, friends, and other informal caregivers (ICGs). Subjective observation by ICGs is an underexplored information source, but faces barriers including ICG burden and lack of ICG knowledge. It is unclear what relevant information might be collected by ICG observations. We conducted a pilot evaluation of Philips CarePartners Mobile (CPM), a prototype smartphone application that provides communication and coordination support to a “circle” of ICGs assisting an older adult. CPM includes features enabling ICGs to share semi-structured observations. 19 caregivers (in 8 circles) used CPM for 12 weeks, contributing 397 observations and participating in interviews and other assessments. We performed a qualitative analysis of the observations, coding for presence of content relevant to dimensions in the UCSF Symptom Management Theory (perception of, evaluation of, and response to symptoms). Relevant content was found in 150 observations, with perception and assessment more common (141) than response (32). Common symptoms included mobility difficulty (31), fatigue (23), dizziness (21), pain (19), and confusion (18). Among observations without symptom-relevant content, many reported on overall mood (92), and reference to social activities was frequent. These results demonstrate that symptoms experience can be assessed using caregiver observations, although further work may be needed to enable caregivers to provide a comprehensive assessment.
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Bevan Jones, Rhys, Anita Thapar, Frances Rice, et al. "A Digital Intervention for Adolescent Depression (MoodHwb): Mixed Methods Feasibility Evaluation." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 7 (2020): e14536. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14536.
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Background Treatment and prevention guidelines highlight the key role of health information and evidence-based psychosocial interventions for adolescent depression. Digital health technologies and psychoeducational interventions have been recommended to help engage young people and to provide accurate health information, enhance self-management skills, and promote social support. However, few digital psychoeducational interventions for adolescent depression have been robustly developed and evaluated in line with research guidance. Objective We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of a theory-informed, co-designed digital intervention program, MoodHwb. Methods We used a mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach to evaluate the program and the assessment process. Adolescents with or at elevated risk of depression and their parents and carers were recruited from mental health services, school counselors and nurses, and participants from a previous study. They completed a range of questionnaires before and after the program (related to the feasibility and acceptability of the program and evaluation process, and changes in mood, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior), and their Web usage was monitored. A subsample was also interviewed. A focus group was conducted with professionals from health, education, social, and youth services and charities. Interview and focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo 10 (QSR International Pty Ltd). Results A total of 44 young people and 31 parents or carers were recruited, of which 36 (82%) young people and 21 (68%) parents or carers completed follow-up questionnaires. In all, 19 young people and 12 parents or carers were interviewed. Overall, 13 professionals from a range of disciplines participated in the focus group. The key themes from the interviews and groups related to the design features, sections and content, and integration and context of the program in the young person’s life. Overall, the participants found the intervention engaging, clear, user-friendly, and comprehensive, and stated that it could be integrated into existing services. Young people found the “Self help” section and “Mood monitor” particularly helpful. The findings provided initial support for the intervention program theory, for example, depression literacy improved after using the intervention (difference in mean literacy score: 1.7, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.6; P<.001 for young people; 1.3, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.2; P=.006 for parents and carers). Conclusions Findings from this early stage evaluation suggest that MoodHwb and the assessment process were feasible and acceptable, and that the intervention has the potential to be helpful for young people, families and carers as an early intervention program in health, education, social, and youth services and charities. A randomized controlled trial is needed to further evaluate the digital program.
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Wilson, Samuel E., Meta Chen, and Hiren Darji. "Rapid-Acting Antidepressants and Underlying Mechanisms." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4828.
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<p>Loss of glial cells with resulting atrophy of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as the hippocampal area is demonstrated in depressed patients by brain imaging and postmortem studies. The mPFC is the master control of mood and emotional response. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, the main function of which is to regulate emotions. The mPFC depends on the hippocampus for rapid learning and memory consolidation. Unlike monoamine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, which take 6 to 8 weeks to exert their full effects, and with 30 - 40% unresponsive rate, ketamine acts rapidly, within a couple of hours, and has higher responsive rates. It suggests that in theory, due to its rapid effect, Ketamine could well serve as a bridging remedy to lower the rate of suicidal risk before Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reach their full effect for long-term depression management. Yet, ketamine has long been linked with abusive potential and possible neurotoxicity if used in large doses over a prolonged period. Even though there are no collected data to prove the associated adverse effects, awareness of this negative aspect of ketamine is sufficiently widespread to propel the psychiatric community to look for other rapidly acting antidepressant alternatives. Recent studies have shown that scopolamine, the Yueju pill, and magnesium are rapid-onset antidepressants that have mechanisms comparable to that of ketamine. These rapid-acting antidepressant agents promise to be effective and safer choices for depression management in the future, providing that further studies and investigations to produce a better and fuller understanding of their effects and limitations.</p>
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Wilson, Samuel E., Meta Chen, and Hiren Darji. "Rapid-Acting Antidepressants and Underlying Mechanisms." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i4.4828.
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<p>Loss of glial cells with resulting atrophy of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as the hippocampal area is demonstrated in depressed patients by brain imaging and postmortem studies. The mPFC is the master control of mood and emotional response. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, the main function of which is to regulate emotions. The mPFC depends on the hippocampus for rapid learning and memory consolidation. Unlike monoamine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, which take 6 to 8 weeks to exert their full effects, and with 30 - 40% unresponsive rate, ketamine acts rapidly, within a couple of hours, and has higher responsive rates. It suggests that in theory, due to its rapid effect, Ketamine could well serve as a bridging remedy to lower the rate of suicidal risk before Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reach their full effect for long-term depression management. Yet, ketamine has long been linked with abusive potential and possible neurotoxicity if used in large doses over a prolonged period. Even though there are no collected data to prove the associated adverse effects, awareness of this negative aspect of ketamine is sufficiently widespread to propel the psychiatric community to look for other rapidly acting antidepressant alternatives. Recent studies have shown that scopolamine, the Yueju pill, and magnesium are rapid-onset antidepressants that have mechanisms comparable to that of ketamine. These rapid-acting antidepressant agents promise to be effective and safer choices for depression management in the future, providing that further studies and investigations to produce a better and fuller understanding of their effects and limitations.</p>
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Chen, Jinxin, and Decheng Zhang. "Investigation and Improvement Strategies of College Students' Self-cognition." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 12 (2019): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2100.
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Professor Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences believes that human intelligence is composed of at least eight abilities such as language intelligence, mathematical logic intelligence, and introspective intelligence. Introspective intelligence is the individual's recognition of self's behavior and psychological state. It is very important for personal self-understanding and constructing a correct self. It plays a significant role in human learning, employment and development The development level of self-cognition is different at different stages. The article compiles a questionnaire based on the characteristics of Campbell's self-cognition.By collating and analyzing the data collected in the questionnaire, the basic status of self-knowledge of Chinese college students in the emerging stage can be obtained: College students' self-awareness is maturing, but self-awareness is high; College students have average emotional management skills, poor emotional expression, and emotional fluctuations; Undergraduates have clear learning goals, but their self-fulfilling channels are confused; College students have their own value system, but the values are immature; Career ideals are seriously ahead of schedule, not in line with professional abilities. The countermeasures to improve college students' self-cognition are: Educate students to build good interpersonal relationships; Strengthen the education of college students' self-awareness and strengthen career guidance; Create a good and positive mood; Educate students to strengthen self-improvement strategies in multiple ways and promote the healthy and harmonious development of college students.
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Schoenbach, Klaus. "Season of birth and media use." Communications 43, no. 4 (2018): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2017-0049.
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Abstract This study investigates the influence of season of birth on media use and media genre preferences later in life. An impressive body of research in Europe and Japan shows that the month of birth has a significant impact on one’s temperament: People born in the winter of the northern hemisphere, for instance, tend to be less cheerful, lively and self-assured. Reasons seem to be the experience of less light, of coldness and of living mostly inside the home. Mood-management theory suggests that media entertainment may be used to compensate for that lack of cheerfulness and liveliness. In this explorative study, we assume that in countries north of the equator, but with extremely hot temperatures, summer is the season with fewer outdoor activities. So, there, individuals with more summer months in their first half year of life should be comparatively less cheerful – which they may regulate by using more media entertainment. Indeed, a secondary analysis of large-scale surveys in six countries in the Middle East and North Africa in 2016 supports this assumption, albeit conditionally: In the countries with particularly hot summers, but also for younger people in general, the duration of summer directly after birth is correlated significantly with consuming more media entertainment as well as with preferring comedy and drama as genres on TV and online video.
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Rachmat, Nandang, and Hiroko Otsuka. "Japanese Semiaspectual Forms -teshimau and -teoku as Discourse Markers." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v6i1.33543.
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This paper discusses the Japanese semi aspectual forms -teshimau and -teoku function as discourse markers which serve as speaker’s intentions of utterances for rapport management. In general, the semantic function of the morphological semi aspectual forms such as -teshimau and -teoku are explained as expressions of feelings of remorse or regret as well as preparatory actions, respectively. Both of them derived from the explanation of “completion” as a core meaning. The meanings mentioned above are also learned in elementary and pre-intermediate levels of Japanese language learning as a second language. However, the results of this research, which derived from analysis using I-JAS corpus dialogue data, indicate that in interpersonal discourse, these aspectual forms are used to show self-deprecating and modest attitudes, sentimental mood, or inevitable and difficult situations. Additionally, as a discourse marker, they are used to express utterance intentions such as showing speaker’s responsible recognition for the situation occurred, respecting the opinion of the interlocutor, and avoiding current topic to be continued. They also function as act of politeness due to the effects of “down graders” and “upgraders” in Spencer-Oatey's theory of rapport management, while in this research indicates that improperly use of -teoku might sound impolite depending on the utterance situations. Furthermore, it was found that they work as discourse markers for rounding up dialogs or shifting topics, and there are differences between -teshimau and -teoku in whether it is the interlocutor’s topic or the speaker’s topic that was being rounded up. For these reasons, second language acquisition requires learning about indicative meanings of these forms that function in the contexts and utterance situations, and the findings of this research will also contribute to the research of Japanese language teaching materials.
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Howard, Jonathon. "Research in Progress: Does Environmental Interpretation Influence Behaviour through Knowledge or Affect?" Australian Journal of Environmental Education 15 (1999): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600002731.
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Interpretation is frequently seen as effective in managing tourist-wildlife interactions because it increases awareness about a species and encourages a conservation ethic (Beckmann 1991, Moscardo 1998). Interpretation has been advocated as the most effective management strategy for wildlife encounters (Orams 1996). Implicit in this belief is that by changing people's attitude, interpretation will change their behaviour (Roggenbuck 1992).Petty et al. (1997) define an attitude as an evaluation of an object (eg. people, animal, etc.) that exists along a dimension ranging from positive to negative. In reflecting on attitude change it helps to conceptualise an attitude as comprised of three main components: affect, cognition, and behaviour. The affective component consists of a person's feeling towards an object, the cognitive component consists of a person's knowledge and understanding of an object and the behavioural component involves a person's actual behaviour towards the object (Knudson et al. 1999).Although attitude is conceptualised as having three main components, most past research on interpretation has focused on changes in cognition (Beckmann 1991). Howard (1998) suggested that as people attend interpretive programs at leisure affective realms are important, and as such, mood theory might improve our understanding of: the intrinsically rewarding feelings that characterise this type of leisure experience; and how interpretation may influence people's behaviour. The influence of affective realms on interpretive programs is poorly understood and not well researched (Howard 1998). This paper contributes to our understanding of cognition and affect in interpretive setting by providing the results of a preliminary study conducted at Mon Repos Conservation Park.
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Madjdi, Achmad Hilal, and Atik Rokhayani. "BIG OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTING LESSON STUDY." UAD TEFL International Conference 1 (November 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/utic.v1.142.2017.
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High spirit in enhancing teaching learning process in the framework of Lesson Study does not always show high performance in the overall management of the learning community. Big- unpredictable obstacles appeared in each stages and need certain reflection and specific treatment to cope with. In other words, it is really interesting to implement Lesson Study but, on the other hands, several phenomena appeared beyond the theory of Lesson Study it self. This paper tries to uncover the obstacles of the practice of implementing Lesson Study to improve teaching learning process of TEAL (Teaching English as an Additional Language) class in the English Department of University of Muria Kudus. Stages of teaching learning process was done in the concept of Lesson Study: Planning, Doing, and Reflecting. These stages were implemented with the main purpose to switch what the so called teacher centered learning to students centered learning. There are many obstacles appeared during teaching learning activity of “Lesson Study” of TEAL. Most of them dealed with how the colleques of the teacher take the role as members of learning community who hopefully played important role in developing the concept of teachng learning and material development. The second obstacles had something to do with the learning habit of the students which has been established in mood of being good listener in the classroom. The third obstacles worked in the session of reflection where it seemed difficult for some of the involved person to portrait the real problem in lesson study class.
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Fedele, David A., Christopher C. Cushing, Natalie Koskela-Staples, et al. "Adaptive Mobile Health Intervention for Adolescents with Asthma: Iterative User-Centered Development." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 5 (2020): e18400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18400.
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Background Adolescents diagnosed with persistent asthma commonly take less than 50% of their prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), placing them at risk for asthma-related morbidity. Adolescents’ difficulties with adherence occur in the context of normative developmental changes (eg, increased responsibility for disease management) and rely upon still developing self-regulation and problem-solving skills that are integral for asthma self-management. We developed an adaptive mobile health system, Responsive Asthma Care for Teens (ReACT), that facilitates self-regulation and problem-solving skills during times when adolescents’ objectively measured ICS adherence data indicate suboptimal rates of medication use. Objective The current paper describes our user-centered and evidence-based design process in developing ReACT. We explain how we leveraged a combination of individual interviews, national crowdsourced feedback, and an advisory board comprised of target users to develop the intervention content. Methods We developed ReACT over a 15-month period using one-on-one interviews with target ReACT users (n=20), national crowdsourcing (n=257), and an advisory board (n=4) to refine content. Participants included 13-17–year-olds with asthma and their caregivers. A total of 280 adolescents and their caregivers participated in at least one stage of ReACT development. Results Consistent with self-regulation theory, adolescents identified a variety of salient intrapersonal (eg, forgetfulness, mood) and external (eg, changes in routine) barriers to ICS use during individual interviews. Adolescents viewed the majority of ReACT intervention content (514/555 messages, 93%) favorably during the crowdsourcing phase, and the advisory board helped to refine the content that did not receive favorable feedback during crowdsourcing. Additionally, the advisory board provided suggestions for improving additional components of ReACT (eg, videos, message flow). Conclusions ReACT involved stakeholders via qualitative approaches and crowdsourcing throughout the creation and refinement of intervention content. The feedback we received from participants largely supported ReACT’s emphasis on providing adaptive and personalized intervention content to facilitate self-regulation and problem-solving skills, and the research team successfully completed the recommended refinements to the intervention content during the iterative development process.
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Vieille, Nicolas. "Random Walks and Voting Theory." Mathematics of Operations Research 29, no. 1 (2004): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.1030.0052.
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Liu, Fangda, and Ruodu Wang. "A Theory for Measures of Tail Risk." Mathematics of Operations Research 46, no. 3 (2021): 1109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2020.1072.
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The notion of “tail risk” has been a crucial consideration in modern risk management and financial regulation, as very well documented in the recent regulatory documents. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the tail risk, we carry out an axiomatic study for risk measures that quantify the tail risk, that is, the behaviour of a risk beyond a certain quantile. Such risk measures are referred to as tail risk measures in this paper. The two popular classes of regulatory risk measures in banking and insurance, value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall, are prominent, yet elementary, examples of tail risk measures. We establish a connection between a tail risk measure and a corresponding law-invariant risk measure, called its generator, and investigate their joint properties. A tail risk measure inherits many properties from its generator, but not subadditivity or convexity; nevertheless, a tail risk measure is coherent if and only if its generator is coherent. We explore further relevant issues on tail risk measures, such as bounds, distortion risk measures, risk aggregation, elicitability, and dual representations. In particular, there is no elicitable tail convex risk measure other than the essential supremum, and under a continuity condition, the only elicitable and positively homogeneous monetary tail risk measures are the VaRs.