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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multilevel governance'
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Simonato, Alessandro. "Multilevel governance. Profili costituzionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423835.
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The notion of multilevel governance is often adopted in the context of public or administrative law without adequate insight, giving therefore its meaning for granted. With no definition to outline its conceptual boundaries, nor even the issues arising from them, the notion of multilevel governance is moreover criticized because of its non-juridical origins.
As intended in the documents of the Committee of the Regions and used in statutory provisions on cohesion policy and investment funds (i.e. a percentage of almost 40% of the EU expenditure), the principle of multilevel governance describes and governs those juridical issues relating to the European process of integration involving the relationship between Regions, States and EU institutions.
The first chapter focusses on the influence of the European integration process on the constitutional principles governing the relationship between State and Regions in Italy.
The second chapter examines the so-called 'regional problem' in the EU, that is the provisions of the Treaties and the principles for an effective European public governance for the protection of the constitutional prerogatives of the Regions and, concomitantly, of their participation to the European policies.
Finally, the third chapter analyses the principles, rules and tools of the cohesion policy, considering that such policy is inspired by multilevel governance both in the programming period 2007/2013 and in the programming period 2014/2020.
Throughout the chapters, the constitutional principles defining the role and the nature of the Italian Regions are the reference frame. The conclusion highlights some critical observations on the constitutional conformity of multilevel governance and on the weaknesses of the rules governing the relationship between State and Regions.<br>Il concetto di multilevel governance è spesso utilizzato negli studi giuridici pubblicistici senza adeguato approfondimento, quale paradigma esplicativo diffuso e, per l’effetto, considerato valido. Quindi, senza precisare cos’è e cosa non è: la sua latitudine ed i profili problematici ad esso correlati. In alternativa, viene contestato per la sua origine estranea alla scienza giuridica intesa in senso stretto.
La multilevel governance così come definita nei documenti del Comitato delle Regioni e, alla luce di questi, importata in particolare nei testi normativi che disciplinano le politiche di coesione ed i fondi di investimento (cioè una percentuale quasi pari al 40% delle politiche di spesa europee), si dimostrerà essere una sintesi lessicale valida a descrivere e disciplinare una parte delle problematiche relative al processo di integrazione europea: quelle aventi ad oggetto il complesso dei profili giuridici che interessano i rapporti tra autonomie regionali, autorità statali ed istituzioni UE.
Il primo capitolo ha ad oggetto la cd. questione europea negli ordinamenti costituzionali pluralisti, in particolare l’influenza del processo di integrazione europea sui principi costituzionali che nell’ordinamento della Repubblica italiana reggono le relazioni tra Stato e Regioni, cioè la «forma di Stato» con riguardo alla ripartizione territoriale del potere.
Il secondo capitolo verte sulla cd. questione regionale nell’ordinamento europeo, cioè l’insieme delle disposizioni dei Trattati e dei principi legati ad una buona governance dell’azione pubblica europea che hanno ad oggetto la tutela delle prerogative costituzionali delle autonomie regionali e, in subordine, la garanzia di partecipazione delle Regioni alle politiche pubbliche europee.
Nel terzo capitolo, infine, viene analizzato l’insieme di principi, regole e strumenti operativi che informano la politica di coesione, alla luce del fatto che tanto nel periodo di programmazione 2007/2013 quanto nell’attuale periodo di programmazione 2014/2020 tale politica è informata al paradigma della multilevel governance.
In tutti e tre i capitoli punto costante di riferimento sono i principi costituzionali che definiscono ruolo e natura delle Regioni italiane e, alla luce di questi, conferiscono alle Regioni stesse funzioni e risorse. Si concluderà con alcune considerazioni critiche sulla conformità a Costituzione di un’azione pubblica a più livelli e sulla debolezza delle regole che nel nostro ordinamento reggono le relazioni tra Stato e Regioni.
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Jessica, Weller. "Evolving federalism : intergovernmental relations and multilevel governance in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63871.
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The following research paper investigates the changing character of federalism in Canada, as expressed through intergovernmental relations. Specifically, the impact that individual prime ministers and their governments may have on these relationships is explored. In particular, Stephen Harper and Justin Trudeau’s management styles are compared in order to determine what lasting or significant effect, if any, these individuals have had on how Canada’s federal and provincial governments interact with each other. Secondary literature describing and summarizing Harper’s style of open federalism, in conjunction with primary research on Justin Trudeau’s reversion to a more collaborative style, concludes that though each prime minister was able to have some tangible effects on federal-provincial relations during their time in office, these effects were, or will be, easily overridden by their successors.
The following research asks whether Harper and Trudeau’s actual styles of intergovernmental relations were consistent with their rhetoric on the same subject. Though Harper spoke often about his preferred style of open federalism, it appears to many scholars that not all of his actions reflected the core tenets of this model. Likewise, though Trudeau advertised a collaborative, more multi-level approach to governance during the 2015 election campaign and during his time in office, I conclude that much of his efforts to follow up on these principles are symbolic at best. In both cases, it appears that the federal government consistently pursues its own goals, regardless of the rhetoric used to describe provincial involvement, rights, and in Trudeau’s case, genuine collaboration with both the provinces and additional third-party groups.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Political Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Harkins, Claire. "Who's driving drink policy? : alcohol control and multilevel governance." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648953.
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Alcohol is an important economic and cultural commodity. It also represents a significant public health problem. Alcohol is the third greatest risk factor for the global disease burden even though half of the global population abstain. Currently alcohol control strategies are inadequate and unable to combat the health, social and economic problems caused by a legal drug that has become more widely available, more affordable and promoted aggressively. This thesis considers how alcohol control policy is governed, developed and implemented at global, European, UK and Scottish policy levels with specific focus on the role of the alcohol industry in this area. Contemporary modes of governance are increasingly characterised by a multi-agency partnership approach where unelected stakeholders, including corporate partners, contribute to the development and implementation of policy and of action out with policy. The research investigates the role of the alcohol industry within discourses and action in efforts to reduce alcohol related harm. It aims to identify alcohol industry action at global, European, UK and Scottish levels of authority in order to offer an overview of the extent of action and in turn its influence on policy discourses. The research provides an analysis of the alcohol industry as a political operator. The alcohol industry engages with, and in some respects is, a stakeholder active within public health policy circles in relation to alcohol control. This engagement spans science, research, corporate social responsibility, philanthropy, lobbying and direct engagement within official policy circles. The thesis uses the alcohol industry as a case study that highlights a need for research on how influence is wielded by corporate interests within policy circles. There is acknowledgement in various theoretical accounts on governance that changing modes of governance have resulted in the creation of a space for non-state actors within policy circles. However, thereafter, the role of corporate actors is habitually underestimated and even overlooked all together. The argument presented here is that the role of powerful economic interests is rapidly gaining significance as a factor in policy making. This must be explored further in order to ascertain the extent of the influence and the ways in which economic actors exert influence. Methodologically the research examines policy documents, and industry communications as well as adopting an investigative approach to the strategies and agendas of a variety of policy stakeholders. The outcome is a narrative derived from a synthesis of existing sources that explores the area of alcohol control policy which focuses on the involvement of corporate stakeholders with a clear conflict of interest within the process of developing health policy in relation to alcohol. The results indicate that the influence of corporate actors represents a significant and growing threat to the development and implementation of effective evidence based alcohol control policy. Overall the research is intended to make a contribution to academic and public debates on governance and to support public health efforts to reduce alcohol related harm. It attempts to explore the accumulation of corporate action over multiple levels of authority and to describe and evaluate the effects of this accumulative action on public health policy in relation to alcohol.
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Kim, Dong Won. "Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Multilevel Policy Network." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28087.
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This dissertation is a descriptive study of a policy network designed for U.S. government and global cooperation to promote Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It is aimed at exploring the historical and structural features of the ITS policy network, and evaluating its roles in the policy process.
Until now, the network literature has barely examined the full arrays of networks, catching just part of their full pictures. First, this study draws attention to transnational networks and their organic or systematic relationships with lower levels of networks. Second, it examines the individual properties and synergy of three core elements of the ITS policy network: public-private partnerships, professional networks, and intergovernmental networks. Third, it takes a close look at the pattern of stability change and power relations of the policy network from within the net. Finally, this study discusses what difference networks make, compared to hierarchies and markets.
This dissertation employed multiple sources of evidence: unstandardized elite interviews, government documents, and archival records. Through a networking strategy to find the best experts, face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail interviews were conducted with twenty-two public officials and ITS professionals.
It was found that the U.S. ITS policy network was a well-designed strategic governance structure at the planning level, but an experimental learning-focused one at the implementation level. It was initially designed by a new, timely, cross-sectional coalition, which brought together field leaders from both the public and the private sectors under the slogan of global competitiveness. Yet, day-to-day managers within the net often experience much more complex power relationships and internal dynamics as well as legal obstacles; also, they confront external uncertainty in political support and market.
For better results, policy networks should be designed in flexible ways that will handle their disadvantages such as ambiguous roles, exclusiveness, and increased staff time. In this respect, it is inevitable for the networks to include some components of a wide range of conventional structures, ranging from highly bureaucratic to highly entrepreneurial, on the one hand, and ranging between issue networks (grounded in American pluralism) and policy communities (based on European corporatism), on the other hand.<br>Ph. D.
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Poletti, Giulia <1991>. ""La multilevel governance nell’accoglienza delle richiedenti protezione internazionale vittime di tratta”." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19303.
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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare la dimensione multilivello dell’accoglienza delle rifugiate o richiedenti protezione internazionale vittime di tratta approfondendo i contesti regionali del Veneto e dell’Emilia Romagna e nello specifico le città di Treviso e Ravenna. Si vuole indagare il modo in cui l’amministrazione locale si è occupata del fenomeno la presenza o eventualmente l’assenza di un associazionismo attivo.
Una prima parte introduttiva avrà come oggetto una ricognizione del fenomeno della tratta a livello europeo e nazionale, ovvero da quando si apre il dibattito sulle vittime di tratta richiedenti protezione internazionale.
Per una comparazione tra Veneto ed Emilia Romagna, verranno presi in considerazione i due progetti che a livello regionale si occupano della presa in carico delle vittime di tratta.
In Veneto è presente il progetto N.A.Ve. Network Antitratta per il Veneto, un sistema unico e integrato di emersione e assistenza di vittime di tratta e grave sfruttamento a prescindere dal loro status giuridico, dalla loro età, nazionalità, genere e tipo di sfruttamento, sia esso sessuale, lavorativo, nell’accattonaggio, nelle economie illegali forzate o nei matrimoni forzati.
In Emilia Romagna è presente il sistema Oltre la Strada che realizza programmi di emersione, protezione e integrazione sociale ai sensi dell’art.18 D. lgs. 286/98 con il fine di garantire percorsi di autonomia e inclusione alle persone vittime di forme di sfruttamento (sessuale, lavorativo, accattonaggio, attività illegali, espianto di organi), di riduzione e mantenimento in schiavitù, e di tratta di esseri umani.
Le azioni finalizzate all'emersione vengono attuate in tutta la regione tramite interventi di prossimità e con la costante collaborazione assieme a tutti i soggetti del territorio che possono entrare in contatto, per la loro attività, con potenziali vittime (forze dell’ordine, autorità giudiziaria, servizi sanitari, sportelli sociali, sindacati, ispettorati territoriali del lavoro, ecc.).
La comparazione tra i due sistemi riguarderà la loro implementazione, il funzionamento, e le relazioni tra i diversi attori coinvolti. Quali sono le peculiarità dei due sistemi, in che modo il privato sociale interagisce con i servizi preposti alla presa in carico? Qual è il ruolo dell’amministrazione locale?
La parte successiva della ricerca riguarderà l’analisi dell’accoglienza delle donne nel sistema Siproimi e gli eventuali cambiamenti dopo l’entrata in vigore del Decreto Salvini.
Metodologia
La metodologia utilizzata per la ricerca è qualitativa con intervista semi strutturata.
Per quanto riguarda l’inquadramento del fenomeno della tratta si farà riferimento ai dati presenti nelle banche dati istituzionali e verranno svolte interviste a testimoni privilegiate. Sono previste interviste a operatori e operatrici Siproimi, assessori comunali, esponenti del privato sociale, interviste a operatori dei due progetti regionali: N.A.Ve e Oltre la strada nelle rispettive città di Treviso e Ravenna.
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Rose, Michelle. "Sport policy and multilevel governance: A case study of Ontario and Quebec." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27416.
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The introduction of the new Canadian Sport Policy in 2002 included Enhanced Interaction as one of its four goals. This study examines how interaction between governments and civil society has evolved from the 1990s to the present to determine how the Canadian Sport Policy has influenced multilevel governance in sport. Using both semi-structured interviews and a document analysis, this study looked at sport policies from the governments of Canada, Quebec and Ontario and the cities of Montreal and Toronto to identify the nature of their interactions with each other and civil society. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to examine these interactions and their effects on policy change, the findings revealed that although multilevel governance was long considered a priority for the success of Canadian sport, it was not until the introduction of the Canadian Sport Policy that interaction on a multilevel was formalized. Recommendations are also offered to further enhance multilevel governance in Canadian sport and improve policy implementation.
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Kelmendi, Ariana, and Sejla Gicic. "Sweden’s budgetary responses to the Covid-19 pandemic : a multilevel governance perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20783.
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In the beginning of 2020, the world was struck by the Covid-19 pandemic that inhibited many economies. Sweden was chosen because of its unique case when responding to the Covid-19 spread by applying an open policy in contrast to the implementation of total lockdowns. The aim of this study is to explore the governmental budgetary responses to the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. To fulfil this aim, the study focuses on the multi-level governance relationships between different national and local actors in Sweden. In order to explore Sweden’s unique case, an inductive approach was carried out through netnography, mass-media analysis and document analysis in the period between January 31 and May 15. The theoretical frame of reference is based on multi-level governance and actor network theory. The study concludes that technology as a non-human actor has played a vital role when enhancing collaborations between different actors such as government, regions, municipalities, companies and universities, in order to minimize the infection spread and economic consequences of Covid-19. The study is a basis for continued research on the unexplored topic of crisis management of Covid-19 in Sweden.
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Eisendrath, Emma. "Multilevel Governance in Sea Level Rise Adaptation: An Analysis of U.S. Cities." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1495819650394305.
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Poletto, Davide <1970>. "The dimensions of multilevel sustainable development governance through organisations, institutions and politics." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/334.
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Giersig, Nico. "Multilevel urban governance and the "European City" discussing metropolitan reforms in Stockholm and Helsinki." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987830775/04.
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Burke-White, William Whitney. "A system of multilevel global governance in the enforcement of international criminal law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614036.
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Hermansson, Niklas. "Idéer om integration och demokrati inom Bryssels korridorer : - En kvalitativ textanalys av fem EU-dokument." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4735.
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<p>Det råder delade meningar om hur den Europeiska unionen kommer att utvecklas i framtiden. Skeptiker menar att den kommer utvecklas i riktning mot en federation och undergräva medlemsstaternas suveränitet, medan andra menar att det europeiska samarbetet främst är en frihandelsförening. Syftet med min uppsats är att undersöka hur det inom EU:s institutioner resoneras kring frågor rörande EU:s framtida integration, samt kring frågor rörande demokrati. Det material jag analyserar är ett urval av EU-dokument, där jag med kvalitativ textanalys, utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av tre stycken integrationsteorier, försöker förstå hur EU:s institutioner ser på unionens framtida integration samt frågor rörande demokrati. Resultatet av undersökningen gav en mångfacetterad bild av hur det resoneras kring dessa frågor på högsta EU-nivå. Speciellt belysande var hur kommissionen resonerar kring demokrati jämfört med andra EU-institutioner.</p>
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Bös, Julian. "Collective learning in the multilevel governance project Civitas Dyn@mo : A case of knowledge management." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21619.
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Reflexive approaches to (multilevel) governance are currently discussed as essential for sustainable outcomes of decision-making. A key element of reflexive governance has been called collective learning. Collective learning has been argued to be a necessary tool or safeguard against the misuse of power in the context of sustainable decision-making. Though being named a key element, the effects of collective learning processes on power and conflict dynamics have been defined very vaguely in reflexive governance approaches. If at all, collective learning is described as an excursive debate that - given the choice of experienced actors and a set of rules – will automatically lead to balanced power distribution. This work contributes to the scientific discourse on reflexive governance by conceptualizing the process of collective learning in two steps. The first involves a conceptual claim whereby it is shown that collective learning, in addition to a discursive debate, consists of three ‘aspects’, communication, participation, knowledge implementation. This claim is exemplified via the investigation of a case of knowledge management in the sustainable governance project Civitas Dyn@mo, as it reflects the suggested aspects of collective learning.
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Garcia, Borja. "The European Union and the governance of football : a game of levels and agendas." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5609.
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The institutions of the European Union (EU) have been involved in football-related matters for more than 30 years without having a direct competence in sport. This apparent paradox is the starting point of this thesis, which investigates the origin, development and consequences of EU policies on football. The EU interventions in football issues are examined through a conceptual framework based on models of agenda-setting and multilevel governance. This thesis draws on qualitative research through primary sources, mainly semi-structured interviews and official documents. The most important policy initiatives and decisions of the EU on football matters can be grouped under three headings: freedom of movement for workers, football broadcasting and football governance. EU institutions did not become involved in football matters by their own volition, but as a result of their responsibilities to adjudicate in legal disputes related to freedom of movement for workers and competition policy. The commercialisation of professional football especially over the last few decades generated internal conflicts in the governance of football that were only resolved with recourse to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The EU has acted as an alternative policy venue for football stakeholders wishing to challenge the decisions of football federations. Thus, the EU and football appear as two systems of multilevel governance that have coexisted in parallel for some time but have since clashed as a result of the instrumentalisation of EU venues by football stakeholders. The policies of the EU on football are a compromise between two different visions of the game. Whereas football was initially introduced onto the EU agenda only in economic terms through the ECJ and the Commission, the EU has subsequently developed a more holistic and nuanced vision of football that takes into account its wider social and cultural values. The intervention of the Member States and the European Parliament, at the request of football governing bodies, facilitated the further evolution of EU policies on football. As a result of all these processes, the authority of federations such as the international football federation (Fédération Internationale de Football Association, FIFA) and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has been diffused in favour of a horizontal network of governance that includes representatives from players, clubs and leagues.
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Lee, Young Bum. "A Multilevel Analysis of Governance and Program Outcomes: A Case Study of Public Cash Assistance Programs." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1047379605.
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Lee, Young B. "A multilevel analysis of governance and program outcomes a case study of public cash assistance programs /." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1047379605.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 186 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Anand Desai, Dept. of Public Policy and Management. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-186).
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McClain, Shanna N. "MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE IN EUROPEAN RIVER BASINS: CHALLENGES IN THE INTEGRATION OF ADAPTATION, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND RESILIENCE." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1280.
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This dissertation examines some of the strengths and weaknesses in basin level governance particularly as it relates to three current policy priorities: adaptive governance, international frameworks for response to natural and man-made disasters, and resilience in integrated water resources management. While these priorities are well-established in the academic and policy literature, in practice the ability to implement them at multiple levels has proven challenging. Though my dissertation highlights these challenges using case studies of European river basins, the observations and lessons for improving integrated management at multiple levels of governance, in multiple sectors, and among various actors are more broadly relevant to other natural resource governance settings. The first paper of this dissertation explores adaptive governance in the Tisza sub-basin, considering both constraints and policy options for strengthening adaptive governance at the sub-basin level. The Tisza is the largest sub-basin to the Danube River basin, and faces increasing pressures exacerbated by climate change. The Tisza countries have experienced challenges with managing climate change adaptation in a nested, consistent, and effective manner pursuant to the European Union Water Framework Directive. This is due, in part, to inefficiencies in climate change adaptation, such as weakened vertical coordination. This paper examines the conceptual domains relating to adaptation in international governance, and adaptation in transboundary water management in particular, with a focus on multilevel governance. International laws and policies governing transboundary waters in the Danube basin and Tisza sub-basin are reviewed. Using interviews and document analysis, the paper highlights challenges to adaptation in the Tisza sub-basin, including policy, fiscal, institutional, and capacity. The paper concludes with an exploration of possible policy options for sub-basin management, such as the development of a sub-basin commission, the establishment of a permanent Tisza expert group to be housed at and coordinated by the ICPDR, the use of new or existing bilateral treaties, and designing a framework for managing the Tisza. The second paper analyzes the transition in international frameworks of response to natural and man-made disasters as incorporated and integrated at multiple levels of governance. It begins with a discussion of the distinctions between so-called “natural” disasters and “man-made” accidents, how and why they are treated differently, and how recent developments in international law and practice are raising questions about the merits of these historic distinctions. Anthropogenic climate change drives more extreme and sometimes cascading disasters that require complex and overlapping types of response; it is argued that the distinctions in response to natural and man-made disasters are counterproductive, outdated, and ultimately flawed. The paper examines the policy and institutional frameworks governing response to natural disasters and man-made accidents in the Danube River basin and Tisza River sub-basin. Using expert interviews and legal and policy analysis, it then explores the differences in how natural disasters and man-made accidents are monitored and how they are responded to. The paper concludes with an analysis of the implications of transitioning policies toward a more holistic framework for response, regardless of whether the cause is natural, man-made, or (as is increasingly the case) some combination. The third paper advances the concept of a new approach – resilient IWRM – and how this approach can be applied to the management practices of the Danube and Rhine River basins and other river basins around the world. Using the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the leading framework for resilience, and supported by expert interviews, the paper analyzes what resilience measures have been addressed, and what gaps remain in the basin management frameworks of the Danube and Rhine River basins. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current constraints in the resilient IWRM framework of the Danube and Rhine River basins, in addition to options for overcoming these challenges. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of crosscutting dimensions of analysis, specifically the challenges faced in integrating climate change adaptation, response to natural and man-made disasters, and resilience into multiple levels of water governance. While these conceptual elements are well-established, the ability to operationalize these elements has proven difficult from multiple perspectives highlighted in this dissertation. The difficulties suggest a more nuanced and pragmatic approach to both their framing and their operationalization.
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Chapman, S. M. "'Good' carbon governance : a multilevel and comparative perspective of clean energy investment through the clean development mechanism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597470.
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The catastrophic consequences of climate change pose ecological and humanitarian challenges on an unprecedented scale. In response, multilevel structures of governance are emerging at the international, regional and national levels. One such example is the market-based Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), an international regime which is implemented at the national level (largely by the private sector). With the international (and national) frameworks for ongoing climate change action currently under review for further development, now is an appropriate time to consider this ‘new mode’ of governance and, with a view using experience to date to inform future developments, develop ways to assess it. Using the CDM as a case study in ‘carbon governance’, this dissertation explores the nature of ‘good’ carbon governance worldwide. The conceptual framework employed uses an interdisciplinary study of regimes to deconstruct the separate yet interconnected ‘carbon regimes’ which govern the CDM. In considering the international regime in addition to the key national regimes of the European Union, the United Kingdom, China, India and Brazil, the legal and policy space occupied by carbon governance is mapped and assessed against four conceptual elements: theoretical effectiveness, the extent to which regimes enable investment, the extent to which regimes promote ‘climate justice’ (through sustainable development), and the level of cooperation between regimes.
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Hissen, Nina F. "The influence of policy discourses on multilevel water governance : a case study of the Equatorial Nile Basin." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/54135/.
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This research assesses how discourses on climate change and water security during policy making impact on actual water management, analysing the Equatorial Nile Basin and its riparian countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo) as a case study. The thesis looks at the significance of informal policy networks for water governance, and critically discusses the extent to which the framing of issues by these networks are reflected in the practical implementation of multilevel water governance. This thesis uses a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative with quantitative methods. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with policymakers, through the analysis of policy reports and other documents, and through a focus group with representatives of Water User Associations. Qualitative data was triangulated with quantitative data derived through a Q Methodological study on perceptions of water resources management, climate change and water security. The thesis finds that two policy networks, which revolve around the Nile Basin Initiative and the Lake Victoria Basin Commission, shape the design and implementation of multilevel water governance in the Basin. Actors from both policy networks frame water resources management along the following three frames: environmental risk, governance, and infrastructure development – which are then transferred onto thinking around climate change and water security. The thesis concludes that, whereas climate change and water security are explicit in policy design, consideration of policy delivery does not feedback into future policy framing. The research therefore provides strong evidence that, for successful integration of climate change and water security in the development context, the starting point for policy creation should be a realistic view of the challenges surrounding practical delivery of current water management.
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İren, Yıldızca Bediz Büke. "Migrant Child Labour in Turkey : A critical analysis of multilevel governance targeting migrant child labour in Turkey." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162798.
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Entering the 9th year of the Syrian Crisis, there are still more than 400 thousand school aged Syrian children considered ‘out-of-school’ in Turkey. Several previous studies as well as reports of International Organisations and Civil Society Organisations such as UNICEF and Support to Life argue that out-of-school Syrian children have formed part of the Turkish informal labour market. Restrained migration policies incorporated with the needs of global labour markets have caused precarisation of the migrant labour, and in the case of Turkey precarisation of migrant child labour as well. The aim of the current study is to critically analyse the strategies and interventions of this multilevel governance targeting migrant child labour. Hence, a qualitative research method was employed in order to answer the study’s research questions. First, document analysis was conducted to identify the multilevel institutional framework; and second, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with selected informants working for International Organisations. By facilitating Carol Bacchi’s ‘What is the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach, each actor’s strategies and interventions directed to migrant child labour are scrutinised. While each actor by definition manages to identify the causes of (migrant) child labour, the strategies and interventions are constrained by the conventional migration management approach as well as the discourses of “the best interest of the child” and “fair trade”.
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Mazza, Leonardo. "Institutionalizing Sustainability The involvement of non-state actors in a multilevel governance structure managing a transnational common pool resource : The case of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05610993001/$FILE/05610993001.pdf.
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Cuccia, Rosalia Cinzia. "Il rapporto di lavoro nel sistema sanitario italiano ed in quello spagnolo: un'ipotesi di comparazione." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1458.
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Lo studio si propone come obiettivo l'esame del rapporto di lavoro pubblico in Italia e in Spagna secondo una prospettiva che non si limita al modello generale ma affronta la fisionomia specifica del rapporto di lavoro in un settore, il sistema sanitario nazionale che, in entrambi i contesti, risente dell'evoluzione in senso federalista dell'ordinamento politico-istituzionale e di dinamiche di multilevel governance. Sia in Italia che in Spagna, l'elevata professionalità che connota la prestazione di servizio ha implicato una disciplina dei rapporti di lavoro connotata da tratti di specificità. In particolare, nell'ordinamento italiano si assiste, in virtù di una scelta compiuta a decorrere dalla riforma sanitaria del 1992, all'assimilazione del professionista sanitario al dirigente pubblico. Una dirigenza sanitaria che, oltre a vivere all'interno di un modello pluralista di dirigenza pubblica, risente di un assetto strutturale delle aziende sanitarie caratterizzato da una complessa distribuzione dei poteri gestionali. Nell'ordinamento spagnolo, il professionista sanitario gode di un regime estatutario la cui peculiarità è stata formalmente riconosciuta, attribuendo al suo rapporto di lavoro la natura di relaciòn funcionarial especial. Il tratto distintivo tra i due ordinamenti è, comunque, rilevabile più a monte cioè nelle scelte compiute in materia di rapporti di lavoro nelle pp.aa.: un rapporto di lavoro privatizzato ed una potestà legislativa in materia "centralizzata" contraddistingue il modello di lavoro pubblico italiano. Una tendenza al dualismo ed una eterogeneità territoriale di regimi giuridici funcionariales, espressione di un sistema politico fortemente decentrato, tipizza il modello di lavoro pubblico spagnolo.
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Zakariasson, Clara. "Den subnationella tjänstemannarollen i Bryssel? : En studie som undersöker regionala tjänstemän på representationskontor i Bryssel." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66311.
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The purpose of the thesis is to study the role of the subnational civil servant and their discretions in a Multilevel Governance context, based on how it differs from the traditional role of the civil servant in Sweden. This is done by studying officials at Swedish Regional Representation Offices in Brussels through the method of semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework is based on research about traditional activities and role of the public administration, but also in the differences of duties between politicians and officials. Furthermore, the thesis is constructed on Europeanization research and a Multilevel Governance approach, where regional actions in a multi-level system can be clarified and explored by the dimensions of Europeanization: the download-, crossload- and upload dimension. The methodological assessment tool consists of a content analysis, where the collected interview data is compared and discussed using a constructed ideal type of the Weberian role of a civil servant. The respondent's descriptions and views of their role in Brussels is the main focus of the analysis. To summarise, the regional officials in Brussels consider their scope of discretion as broad. Furthermore, the results illustrate that is not possible to distinguish the role of the sub-national civil service in Brussels, based on the designed ideal type. It’s because of the complexity of the Multilevel Governance system. The results show a significant variation between the respondent's experiences and descriptions of their duties at the office in Brussels. The official’s which are working with a tougher line of lobbying in Brussels, experience their role as both political and apolitical, where the civil servant role enters the political sphere. By working with lobby activities that imply the duty of a politician, they describe their role between the administration and the political sphere. When the officials are working with lobby initiatives in Brussels, they are acting as the political voice of the home organization, but always with a clear lobby mandate from their politicians.<br>Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera den subnationella tjänstemannarollen och dess handlingsutrymme i ett flernivåsystem, utifrån hur den skiljer sig från den traditionella tjänstemannarollen. Detta görs genom att studera tjänstemän på regionala representationskontor i Bryssel, utifrån semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Uppsatsen tar ett teoretiskt avstamp i den traditionella förvaltningsverksamheten och i skillnaden mellan politikers och tjänstemäns uppdrag- samt rollfördelningen i den offentliga förvaltningen. Vidare utgår studien från europeiseringsforskning och har en multilevel governance ansats, där ett regionalt handlande i ett flernivåsystem förklaras i europeiseringsprocessernas download-, crossload- och upload-dimensioner. Det metodologiska analysverktyget består av en innehållsanalys av det empiriska intervjumaterialet. Intervjumaterialet jämförs och diskuteras utifrån en konstruerad idealtyp av den weberianska tjänstemannarollen, där fokus är intervjupersonernas uppfattningar och beskrivningar av sin roll i Bryssel. Sammanfattningsvis går det inte att urskilja den subnationella tjänstemannarollen i Bryssel utifrån den idealtyp som konstrueras. Tjänstemännens arbete i ett flernivåsystem är alltför komplext och det finns en betydande variation i hur tjänstemännen beskriver och upplever sin tjänstemannaroll. Generellt sätt uppfattar tjänstemännen i Bryssel sitt handlingsutrymme som brett. Tjänstemän som arbetar med en hårdare linje av påverkansarbete upplever att tjänstemannarollen går in i den politiska sfären och blir både politisk samt opolitisk. Den subnationella tjänstemannarollen upplevs befinna sig mellan administrationen och politiken, då påverkansuppdraget i Bryssel liknar en politikers, men där tjänstemännen är ett politiskt språkrör med ett tydligt påverkansmandat.
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Yasar, Rusen. "The institutionalization of multilevel politics in Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269685.
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This thesis addresses the question as to why multilevel politics is becoming an integral part of politics in Europe. Multilevel politics is conceptualized as a system which functions through a complex web of political relations within and across levels of decision making. The thesis argues that the rise of multilevel politics can be explained by its institutionalization in terms of the emergence, the evolution and especially the effects of relevant institutions. Based on a mixed-method research project, the influence of European institutions on subnational actors and the alignment of actor motives with institutional characteristics are empirically shown. The first chapter of the dissertation establishes the centrality of institutions for political transformation, examines the role of transnational and domestic institutions for multilevel politics, and contextualizes the research question in terms of institution-actor relations. The second chapter develops a new-institutionalist theoretical framework that explains the emergence, the evolution and the effects of the institutions, and formulates a series of hypotheses with regard to freestanding institutional influence, power distribution, material benefits and political identification. The third chapter outlines the mixed-method research design which addresses individual-level and institutional-level variations through a Europe-wide survey and a comparative case study. The fourth chapter on survey results shows generally favourable views on multilevel politics, and strong associations of these views with the independent variables under scrutiny. The fifth chapter specifies a multivariate model which includes all posited variables and confirms the majority of the hypotheses. Therefore, the new-institutionalist argument is broadly confirmed, while there is relatively weak evidence to sustain sociological explanations. The final chapter compares the Committee of the Regions and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, and examines the institutional characteristics which correspond to the hypothesized variables. It is then concluded that the two institutions share several overarching similarities, and display complementarity in other aspects.
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Jokiaho, Julia. "Municipal responses to national refugee settlement policies : A case study of two welcoming municipaleties in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413626.
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This thesis investigates two Swedish municipalities that have vocalised a discontent with Sweden’s recent “Settlement Act,” arguing that they would like to receive more refugees than the national policy allows. Making it an interesting case of decision-making processes within governance studies. In the center of this thesis, public officials’ influence in the policy process of migration and refugee settlement is investigated, given that this focus has previously been neglected in studies concerning migration policy. As such, the primary purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how public officials potentially influence the policy process, alongside a secondary task of investigating how municipalities react towards a more restrictive national policy regarding refugee settlement and what governance arrangements this can lead to. The study uses a qualitative research method, drawing upon documents from the municipalities and twelve interviews with both public officials and politicians. The study finds that public officials influence the policy process within two dimensions of power: agenda-setting and decision-making. Furthermore, it is found that local governments react towards the more restrictive national policy with a localist approach, by formulating policies of their own, using “vertical venue shopping” to influence upper levels of government, and arguing that local problems need local solutions. Nonetheless, the thesis demonstrates that these attempts to influence upper levels of government do not succeed, with no signs of the national government changing its policy in response. Thus, it is argued that with specific regards to refugee settlement, it seems as though Swedish policy-making is becoming increasingly top-down, with limited opportunities for local governments to influence national policy.
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Casula, Clementina. "Regionalisation via EU multilevel governance and territorial cohesion : path dependency and institutional change in the western-Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2038/.
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This thesis looks at the definition and diffusion within the EU of a new model of policy-making and implementation based on regions acting within a multilevel system of governance. The focus of the empirical research is on INTERREG, an experimental Community Initiative that has promoted interregional cooperation across national borders. This thesis argues that INTERREG represents a particularly coherent case of the EU's approach to regional planning and territorial development: in fact, it extends multilevel governance to interregional partnerships defined beyond national borders and adds a territorial dimension to the goal of socio-economic cohesion. Since 1990, when INTERREG was first launched, territorial cooperation has become increasingly relevant to EU Regional Policy (and in the accession of new Member States) until when, in 2007, it was mainstreamed as one of the three new priority objectives of the policy. Drawing evidence from the implementation of INTERREG in the 'islands' programme between the regions of Corsica (FR) and Sardinia (I) from 1990 until 2005, this thesis shows how the process of administrative capacity and institution building promoted by the European Commission at the subnational level has gradually empowered regional actors to take responsibility for the planning and management of strategies for sustainable development of their territories. Although lacking the traditions of interregional cooperation and sharing a past of dependency on their respective central governments in development planning, regional actors have gradually adopted and learned to incorporate the cooperative logic of the EU model proposed by the programme and extended it to other policy domains. However, the potential of interregional cross-border cooperation in terms of enhancing territorial cohesion appears to be limited by the persistent peripherality of the islands and their wider territorial setting (the Western-Mediterranean), prompting the need for a wide-ranging spatial strategy capable of coordinating EU policies.
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BUONOCORE, FRANCESCA. "La rigenerazione urbana alla prova della governance multi-livello." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/35024.
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La tesi approfondisce il concetto di governance multilivello, applicandolo in maniera originale all’analisi di processi decisionali relativi alle politiche urbane. Il carattere multi-scalare e multi-attore di tale prospettiva ha consentito di esplorare il ruolo svolto nelle politiche locali da attori sia pubblici che privati, sia collettivi che individuali posti a diverse scale geografiche, evidenziando così le connessioni tra il contesto locale e quello nazionale ed europeo e il modo in cui i governi e gli attori locali attivano e usufruiscono di reti verticali e della struttura di opportunità politiche offerte dai cambiamenti degli equilibri nei rapporti fra i diversi livelli di governo.
Il lavoro di ricerca è stato quindi volto ad analizzare il modo in cui si strutturano i processi decisionali nel contesto urbano verificando se esiste uno spostamento da modelli di government a modelli di governance nella programmazione ed attuazione di politiche di carattere prevalentemente locale come le politiche urbanistiche e in particolare nei processi di rigenerazione urbana di aree industriali dismesse. La ricerca si è avvalsa dell’analisi dei processi decisionali relativi alle trasformazioni dell’area ex Breda Siderurgica a Sesto San Giovanni e dell’area Ex Federconsorzi a Bagnoli, quartiere industriale nell’area occidentale di Napoli. L’esito positivo delle due trasformazioni, dal punto di vista della realizzazione del progetto, ha permesso di cogliere con maggiore chiarezza le logiche di azione dei vari attori all’interno del processo decisionale e di indagare gli aspetti formali e informali delle relazioni intercorse fra i vari attori, le linee lungo le quali si sono articolate alleanze e contrapposizioni, il consolidamento e il declino della posizione dei diversi attori, le risorse economiche e relazionali che sono state utilizzate, le modalità di affermazione di una determinata agenda politica rispetto alle alternative in campo, il dibattito urbanistico e politico.
La presenza di processi di governance è stata messa in relazione all’ampliamento del numero e della tipologia degli attori coinvolti, al ridimensionamento del ruolo del governo locale e ad un’accentuazione di caratteri di entrepreneurialism, la presenza di relazioni fondate su un modello di interazione negoziale, stabilità e formalizzazione delle reti. Sulla base di questi elementi è stata osservata l’assenza di una tendenza univoca verso processi di governance che è stata messa in relazione ai caratteri dei contesti locali in cui le due aree sono inserite.
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Florack, Alyssa. "Local Governments Taking on Climate Change: Situating City Actions in the Global Climate Regime:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108629.
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Thesis advisor: David Deese<br>Given the current political environment in the US, there is great doubt about the future of American policy on climate change. Still, the optimistic future of American climate policy relies on the new group of leaders that have emerged from municipal government. Although local government is traditionally ignored in favor of the publicity of international negotiations between countries, cities have established a role at the forefront of climate policy over the past ten years. These local governments serve half of the world’s population and often are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, making their contributions more important than ever. Although they face a unique set of difficulties, cities are able to take a range of actions impossible at higher levels of government, reaching communities in unprecedented ways and innovating new policies. This project aims to analyze how local governments fit into the global political regime on climate change, testing the theoretical framework of multilevel governance against reallife examples in Boston and New York City. Further, this paper finds that cities compensate for their relatively small size and limited jurisdiction through a unique set of actions and collaborative relationships, enabling these local actors to become international leaders on this complex global issue<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline:<br>Discipline: Departmental Honors<br>Discipline: Environmental Studies
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Wilson, Traci Lynn. "The direct electoral connection in the European Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1196cdcf-c933-4ada-99bd-34a3e2482abb.
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The European Union is often criticized for having a democratic deficit, and most often cited are the shortcomings in citizen inputs. The complex institutional structure, in particular the dual channel of representation (supranational and intergovernmental), contributes to these concerns. This thesis thus examines what impacts the linkage between citizens and their elected representatives in the direct channel of representation. I refer to this linkage as the "electoral connection" and outline three related input criteria: Competent Citizens: Citizens can competently assign policy responsibility and hold their representatives to account; Meaningful Choices: Citizens have meaningful choices at election time; and Substantive Representation: Elected officials are representative of their constituents. The theoretical framework of the electoral connection is based in substantive representation, and focuses on the mandate conception of representation but also includes a discussion of accountability. I utilize European Election Studies (EES) voter, media, and candidate studies from 2009, EES voter and candidate studies from 1994, and a novel expert survey on EU responsibility (2010). The analyses of responsibility attributions and vote choice are conducted using multilevel modelling to assess individual- and contextual-level determinants. I test the effect that information and political attitudes, specifically extreme attitudes have on the first two criteria of the direct electoral connection. The role of information is tested at the individual level through political sophistication, and at the contextual level through the politicization of the EU issue. The first criterion is tested by comparing citizen and expert attributions of responsibility. For the second criterion, two chapters which examine perceived party positions and issue-cross pressure assess how this impacts the electoral connection. The final empirical chapter is a descriptive analysis of congruence on policy priorities and preference for governmental responsibility to assess substantive representation. If there is some understanding of responsibility, and citizens have selected parties that align with their preferred policy positions, then we should expect government to be representative of its constituents. One contribution is defining an expanded definition of the electoral connection. In addition I show that political sophistication and issue politicization have a positive impact on the electoral connection, while attitude extremity generally has a negative impact. Furthermore, the European Parliament is quite representative of its constituents. Concerns about democratic deficit and lack of representation in the European Union are overstated.
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Glass, Christine J. "A Multilevel Analysis of Institutional Fiscal Autonomy and its Effect on Affordability, Operating Efficiency, and Minority Access at Public Colleges and Universities." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4051.
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In recent years, an unstable funding environment for state higher education systems has led to a trend of increasing institutional fiscal autonomy in exchange for reductions in appropriations. With the growing concern that reducing state oversight will result in increased tuition and spending levels, this study was designed to provide a clearer understanding of how fiscal autonomy at public institutions impacts measures important to the state public policy goals of affordability, operating efficiency, and access. To accommodate the diversity and hierarchical structure of public institutions, this study used multilevel modeling techniques to integrate complex, interrelated institution- and state-level data. Institution-level data were provided primarily by the Delta Cost Project and State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) in the analysis of 395 public four-year institutions across sectors in 43 states. The three dependent variables measured changes in tuition revenue net of institutional grants, education and general spending, and minority student enrollment for academic years ending 2003 through 2009. In addition to other institution- and state-level characteristics and performance measures, explanatory variables included three regulatory or political descriptors: institutional tuition-setting authority, resource control, and state governance structure. Prior to this study, there was little empirical evidence to either support or counter claims that reducing state oversight would lead to increases that could threaten access, particularly for students in low-income and minority populations. This analysis did find evidence of a relationship between tuition-setting authority and institutional outcomes, however, statistical significance varied by outcome measure as well as category of tuition-setting authority. There were also other important factors related to the outcomes including level of appropriations, extent of reliance on state funding, and regional compact affiliation. Although results were mixed, this effort serves as a starting point for future research to help inform state and institutional decision-makers as they search for ways to address funding gaps without sacrificing their public agenda.
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Hovmöller, Nils Hannes. "Vulnerability and polycentricity when climate ambitions are contrasting : A comparative case-study of the NDCs of the Philippines and Russia on the content and roles of vulnerability and multilevel governance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444116.
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Cristina, Yasmin Ghanem. "Muslim Women's Agency in European Integration Policies from a Human Rights Perspective: the case of Brussels and Berlin." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426259.
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The question of integrating Muslim migrants in European cities has been, for decades, a political issue. The image of Muslim women, described as submissive and as a symbol of backwardness of Islam was the central argument around which right wing parties built the incompatibility of Islam with human rights and western values. Islam has however proven to be a tool for finding a common ground on the theme of human rights and it has also shown to be a great instrument for Muslim women to negotiate their rights with parents and community members. However, integration policies trying to create peaceful and intercultural communities in Europe are often blind to the effects of religious and cultural activities targeting women of Islamic background in building a bridge and common understanding of human rights. Agency, interpreted as the ability to make conscious decisions, can derive from different sets of values and ideologies. Scholars of intersectionality have criticized the western feminist perspective that agency is solely achieved through the rejection of cultural norms and have proven that in non-western cultures, such as in the case of Islamic culture, agency may be achieved through piety and the sense of belonging. The thesis codified the concept of agency based on four different scholarly interpretations of its meaning, one of which looks at agency through an intersectional lens and accepts religion and identity as recognized tools for agency. The discourse analysis in the research looks at the relations between the narrative focusing on the integration approach and integration frame, and that of gender, intersectionality and agency. In this way the findings can show a nexus between the way in which integration is framed at the local level and the kind of women empowerment programs offered through integration initiatives. Based on the findings of the Critical Frame Analysis of the available local policy documents on migrants’ integration and of the interviews conducted with a strategically selected number of program providers in the case studies of Brussels and Berlin, it is clear that policy makers not only ignore the many studies on Muslim women’s religiosity in Europe but do not respect the European Union legislation regarding gender mainstreaming. The thesis will show that despite the different narratives applied by policy makers in different European cities regarding migrants’ integration, a common pattern is that of a lacking gender perspective. Whether the predominant frame of their discourse is assimilationist or multicultural the gender perspective remains superficial and so are the guidelines for the work of NGOs and programs financed through these policies. Initiatives targeting women are never the focus of integration policies but are rather left to the local departments of Family Affairs or Equal Opportunities, de-gendering the concept of migrants’ integration and focusing on women solely in regard to strategic “gender” issues. From the results of the analysis it is clear that multicultural policies are more likely to finance bottom up initiatives of migrant women’s groups, but the lack of a clear gender perspective and limited funds may prevent a clear and effective support from the local institutions to identity based activities. The assimilationist approach, however, not only focuses on limiting identity based activities but purposely limits funding to gender activities. This is allegedly done to avoid further fragmentations in the building of “social cohesion” but it has a clear securitarian approach as it aims to prevent the segregation of Muslim women and the perpetration of traditional Muslim norms. The potential of a more gender approached and multicultural structure of integration policies and discourse could be the key to solving the issue of the alleged incompatibility between Islam and human rights.
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von, Zedtwitz-Liebenstein Sangrid. "Demokrati i nätverk : eller att shoppa demokrati." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5903.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>D Level Essay in Political Science, Spring Semester 2010 by Sangrid von Zedtwitz-Liebenstein. Tutor: Malin Stegmann McCallion. “Democratic Accountability in Networks”</strong></p><p> </p><p>The aim of this study is to highlight the problem of the democratic deficit in the private-public partnerships in Sweden. This is a comparative case study with four ideal types. To enhance understanding of networking and public private partnerships, the paper has a descriptive approach where the aim is to put the working method of networks and partnerships into a wider context.</p><p>The network's and partnership's social structural dependencies and the different actors involved, are discussed with reference to Multi Level Governance theory. The discussion in this study is based on the government's bill for economic growth and vitality throughout the country, <em>En politik för tillväxt och livskraft i hela landet</em> (Regeringen, 2001).</p><p>The research question that the paper answers is: How does Västra Götaland County Council try to solve the problems with accountability in their private-public partnerships?</p><p>To answer the question, the two theoretical approaches Network Evaluation Theory and Policy Network Analysis are used[Okänd för1] . The empirical material, on which the analysis is based, consist of The Västra Götaland County Council's guidelines [Okänd för2] for evaluating private public partnerships, <em>Modell för lärande uppföljning och utvärdering</em> (Västra Götalandsregionen, 2009).</p><p>The Government Bill and the Regulation of the regional growth policy in the country show that a MLG system is being developed in Sweden, and how Sweden through it becomes embedded in the larger MLG system of EU within[Okänd för3] the policy area.</p><p>The conclusion drawn from the study of Västra Götaland's guidelines is that the private public partnerships in Västra Götaland region Council are controlled with objectives and results these are continuously monitored for discrepancies and adjustments. The public-private partnerships often also have participation from the Västra Götaland Region Council.</p>
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Macedo, Laura Silvia Valente de. "Participação de cidades brasileiras na governança multinível das mudanças climáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-18102017-203603/.
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O Acordo de Paris, que estabelece o compromisso das Nações para o enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas, foi ratificado por 133 países em prazo recorde 4 meses depois de sua adoção em dezembro de 2015 com regras que começam a valer a partir de 2020. Ao longo dos mais de vinte anos durante os quais ocorreram as negociações, governos locais do mundo todo estiveram sempre presentes, por meio das redes transnacionais de cidades (RTCs), principalmente o ICLEI. Este trabalho visa avaliar a participação de municipalidades brasileiras na governança global do clima (GGC) por meio de sua associação a RTCs, e, compreender qual o papel dessas redes na agenda climática de governos locais no Brasil. Ao analisar a ação paradiplomática de metrópoles brasileiras selecionadas e seus resultados, investiga-se sua contribuição para os esforços de mitigação do Brasil, na abordagem de governança multinível global do clima. A pesquisa leva em conta a perspectiva de atores relevantes e a prática da ação local pelo clima, para investigar a governança global do clima ocorrendo na escala subnacional, no âmbito de metrópoles brasileiras. Esses atores de interesse (stakeholders) que interagem nas diferentes esferas de governo pertencem a setores governamentais e não-governamentais, integrando a governança multinível (GMN) do clima. A análise concentra-se na atuação de metrópoles brasileiras, em particular Belo Horizonte e São Paulo, por sua escala e representatividade na economia do país, além de sua atuação pioneira no tema. As cidades brasileiras investigadas neste trabalho demonstram compreender a relevância das ações climáticas para a gestão urbana e, sua inserção na GGC por meio das redes transnacionais e em colaboração com o Governo Federal. Seus gestores e empreendedores políticos estabelecem prioridades compatíveis com a realidade de seus municípios, sem deixar de perceber os benefícios da atuação internacional em rede. Embora esse engajamento nem sempre seja espontâneo, tende a perdurar, impulsionado pela percepção dos benefícios e pelo incentivo das redes. A participação de municípios na agenda climática do Brasil ainda é limitada pelo sistema federativo e pela concentração de recursos no nível federal. A melhor oportunidade para que as cidades se insiram na agenda do clima é por meio de sua atuação nas associações e redes nacionais, como a Frente Nacional dos Prefeitos (FNP) e o Fórum de secretários de meio ambiente das capitais brasileiras (CB27). A expectativa é que o papel dos municípios seja melhor compreendido e sua contribuição seja integrada à governança climática do Brasil a partir da implementação de suas NDCs. Para tanto, será preciso superar as dificuldades técnicas e políticas que desafiam a governança do país, em geral.<br>The Paris Agreement that establishes commitments for nations to address climate change was ratified by 133 countries in an unprecedented four-month period after its adoption in December 2015.Rules will apply beginning in 2020. During the almost twenty years of climate negotiations, local governments have always been present by way of the transnational networks of cities, particularly ICLEI. This research aims to assess the participation of Brazilian cities in global climate governance (GCG) through their engagement in transnational city networks (TCNs), and to understand the role of TNCs in the climate agenda of local governments in Brazil. Furthermore, the investigation on paradiplomatic activities of these metropoles aims to determine their contribution to Brazil´s mitigation efforts, from a multilevel governance approach. This research considers stakeholders´ perspective and local climate action to investigate GCG at subnational scale in Brazilian metropolises. Stakeholders from governmental and nongovernmental institutions interact in different spheres of government, thus integrating multilevel climate governance. Analysis focuses on the activities of Brazilian metropolises, especially Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, due to their scale and economic status in the country, besides being pioneers in climate action. Brazilian cities in this study understand the relevance of climate action to urban management, and their participation in GCG through engagement with TCNs, while collaborating with Federal Government. Managers and political entrepreneurs establish climate action priorities consistent with their municipalities´ context, at the same time being aware of the benefits of TCNs participation. Even though their engagement isn´t often spontaneous, it tends to last, encouraged by the networks, and by their own perception about the benefits. Municipal participation in agenda setting in Brazil is still restricted by the federative model and financial resource concentration at the federal level. Cities´ best opportunity for inclusion in Brazil´s climate governance is to act through national associations of municipalities, such as the National Mayors Front (FNP) and the forum of municipal environment authorities of Brazilian capital cities, CB27. It is expected that the role of municipalities will be better understood, and that their contribution will be integrated to climate governance in the implementation of Brazil´s NDCs. To attain this goal, it will be necessary to overcome technical and political difficulties in general challenging the country.
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Zacareli, Murilo Alves. "Recursos de uso comum, arranjos institucionais locais e governança ambiental global." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-15042015-170223/.
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O meio ambiente se apresenta como um dos desafios da governança global no que se refere às abordagens de Relações Internacionais e Ciência Política. Isso se deve ao fato de que os recursos naturais não se submetem à soberania direta do Estado e/ou das organizações internacionais formais como fonte de autoridade devido à transnacionalidade que o tema enseja. Neste sentido, os diferentes atores das relações internacionais, estatais e não estatais, precisam construir arenas de atuação, criar regulamentações onde os Estados (eventualmente) não estão presentes, e criar instrumentos de enforcement e compliance. No entanto, a centralidade das questões ambientais é colocada em xeque por teorias racionalistas de relações internacionais baseadas na autoridade do Estado e de sua capacidade de enforcement top-down. O meio ambiente é um assunto melhor considerado por arenas transnacionais em um contexto multinível e policêntrico. Neste sentido, a análise em nível local e a capacidade de organização de grupos sociais na constituição dos arranjos institucionais através da ação coletiva para solucionar a possível \"tragédia dos comuns\" tem atraído estudiosos que procuram demonstrar a sua efetividade e, consequentemente, a sua contribuição para a resolução das contendas ambientais globais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como a relação entre a governança dos recursos de uso comum em âmbito local vincula-se aos instrumentos de governança global definidos por governos e organizações internacionais formais para o uso da biodiversidade. Inicialmente, realiza-se revisão bibliográfica da literatura de Relações Internacionais e Ciência Política para articular as questões ambientais entre o local e o global para, posteriormente, revelar como a governança ambiental multinível e policêntrica é estabelecida para o caso do uso da biodiversidade em comunidades locais na Amazônia brasileira, como apresentado no trabalho empírico.<br>The environment is presented as one of the challenges of global governance with regard to the approaches of International Relations and Political Science. This is due to the fact that natural resources are not subjected to the direct sovereignty of the State and/or formal international organizations as a source of authority because of the transnationality that the subject entails. In this sense, the different actors of International Relations, State and non-State, need to build action arenas, create regulations where States (eventually) are not present, and create instruments of enforcement and compliance. However, the centrality of environmental issues is kept in check by rationalist theories of International Relations based on States\' authority and ability to top-down enforcement. The environment is a subject better considered in transnational arenas in a multilevel and polycentric context. In this sense, the analysis at the local level and the organizational ability of social groups in the constitution of institutional arrangements through collective action to address the possible \"tragedy of the commons\" has attracted scholars seeking to demonstrate its effectiveness and, consequently, their contribution for the resolution of global environmental issues. Thus, the aim of this study is to demonstrate how the relationship between the governance of the common-pool resources at the local level is linked to the global governance instruments set by governments and formal international organizations for the use of biodiversity. Initially, a literature review of International Relations and Political Science literature is carried out to articulate environmental issues between the local and the global to reveal how the multilevel and polycentric environmental governance is established in the case of the use of biodiversity in local communities in the Brazilian Amazon, as shown in the empirical work.
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Pereira, Daniel de Oliveira. "Governança multinível na gestão de resíduos sólidos no Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saneamento Básico da Região do Circuito das Águas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Klaus Frey<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016.<br>Trata-se de pesquisa sobre o Consórcio Intermunicipal de Saneamento Básico da Região do Circuito das Águas (CISBRA), em que se aborda a governança na gestão de resíduos sólidos. Na presente dissertação objetiva-se analisar o CISBRA sob a perspectiva da governança multinível, enfatizando a cooperação intermunicipal no âmbito do consórcio e os estímulos provenientes dos entes federal e estadual para a gestão consorciada de resíduos sólidos, identificar e analisar as contribuições das instâncias de participação presentes no consórcio e identificar a
influência das Políticas Nacional e Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos na gestão regional dos resíduos sólidos por meio do CISBRA. A pesquisa, portanto, busca saber em que medida a adoção de consórcios públicos pode contribuir para a melhoria na coordenação de políticas de resíduos sólidos entre os municípios e entre os entes federados, e quais as implicações e potencialidades da inclusão da perspectiva do cidadão e da sociedade civil na governança multinível de resíduos sólidos viabilizada por consórcios públicos. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados nesta pesquisa compreenderam pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores relevantes para o caso empírico. Os resultados indicam que os municípios reconhecem o CISBRA como instituição regional de resíduos sólidos, contudo, deve-se atentar para os problemas decorrentes das diferenças de capacidades entre os municípios e necessidade de maior integração com a sociedade.<br>This research is about the Intermunicipal Consortium of Basic Sanitation of the Water Circuit Region (CISBRA) in the State of São Paulo and addresses specifically the governance of solid waste management by means of the consortium. The dissertation aims to analyze the CISBRA from the perspective of multilevel governance, emphasizing inter-municipal cooperation as promoted by the consortium and the stimuli from federal and state entities to the formation and implementation of solid waste management consortium. Particularly, it identifies and analyzes the
contributions of participatory arrangements present in the consortium and identifies the influence of the National and State Solid Waste Policies in management of solid waste by CISBRA. The research therefore seeks to know to what extent the adoption of public consortia can contribute to improving the coordination of solid waste policies among municipalities and between federated entities, and what are the implications and potentials for the inclusion of the citizen and civil society perspective in multilevel governance of solid waste made possible by public consortia. The results indicate that the municipalities recognize CISBRA as a regional solid waste institution, however, attention must be paid to the problems arising from differences in capacities between municipalities and the need for greater integration with society.
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LEONARDI, Alessandro Pio. "Reframing a Damaged Regional Brand on a Global Scale through Cultural and City Diplomacy - the Case of Sicily under a Dynamic Performance Governance Approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/441395.
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Symonides, Michał. "L'Arctique comme enjeu de coopération internationale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH023/document.
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L’intérêt pour l’Arctique s’est développé à travers l’environnement et les changements climatiques, avec avant tout la question du réchauffement climatique, qui bouleversent grandement cette région. Ces évolutions amènent aussi bien de nombreuses menaces que des opportunités importantes, qui demandent toutes une coopération approfondie pour y répondre. La protection de l’environnement, l’accès et la gestion des ressources (naturelles, énergétiques, halieutiques, etc.), l’utilisation des routes maritimes, la délimitation des limites maritimes et limites extérieures du plateau continental, le respect des droits de l’homme et des droits des peuples autochtones, l’aspect stratégique et militaire sont des exemples des nombreux enjeux qui existent en Arctique. La coopération arctique, qui se structure de manière plus prononcée depuis la fin de la Guerre froide, se trouve devant des défis importants qui demandent son approfondissement. Tous ces enjeux dépassent la seule coopération entre les Etats arctiques, d’autant plus que les conséquences et les intérêts présents sont mondiaux. A la multitude de domaines de coopération s’ajoute donc une congruence d’acteurs, arctiques et non-arctiques avec, de manière classique, les organisations internationales, les organisations non-gouvernementales et les multinationales, mais également les régions, les organisations interparlementaires, les peuples autochtones ou encore les associations scientifiques. La complexité de la situation se traduit au niveau de la coopération, qui fait face aux tensions aussi bien entre les acteurs arctiques qu’entre les acteurs arctiques et non-arctiques. Deux processus contradictoires semblent donc structurer la coopération avec d’une part une régionalisation et d’autre part une internationalisation. La coopération entre les acteurs arctiques se bâtit ainsi autour de nombreuses institutions internationales dont la structure et le rôle sont voués à évoluer, avec comme institution centrale le Conseil de l’Arctique, tout en se fondant sur des coopérations internationales globales, avec comme instrument essentiel la Convention sur le droit de la mer de 1982. La coopération arctique semble constituer un modèle intéressant reposant sur une flexibilité qui doit permettre une adaptation, d’autant plus importante dans une région exposée à des évolutions rapides. Elle utilise une structure unique mettant en avant une action multiniveaux et multi-acteurs en gardant un équilibre entre hard law et soft law. Si la coopération arctique structure une véritable région arctique avec une importance grandissante sur l’arène internationale, les liens entre le monde et cette région restent incertains. L’ouverture aux acteurs extra-arctiques est nécessaire, mais fait face à la réticence de certains acteurs arctiques. L’Arctique se pose comme un nouvel objet des relations internationales et peut même en devenir un acteur, mais doit répondre aux dangers qui peuvent exister pour la coopération dans cette région, dangers qui semblent avant tout venir de causes exogènes. La coopération arctique nécessite donc une analyse approfondie des enjeux qu’elle présente ainsi que des contradictions et paradoxes qui semblent y exister. Cette thèse vise ainsi à étudier la coopération arctique en mettant en exergue ses mécanismes et spécificités tout en analysant les relations qu’elle peut entretenir avec les acteurs extra-arctiques et la manière dont elle s’intègre dans les relations internationales<br>The interest in the Arctic has grown through the environmental issues and climate change that deeply altered the region, especially with the impact of the global warming. These changes bring many threats but also important opportunities, and require a deeper cooperation to respond to them. The protection of the environment, the management of Arctic resources (natural, fishery, etc.), the use of sea routes, the delimitation of maritime boundaries, the respect of human rights and of indigenous peoples rights, the strategic and military aspects are all examples of the issues that coexist in the Arctic. They highlight the challenges that the cooperation in the Arctic is facing. None of these issues could solely be managed by the cooperation between the Arctic States, as their consequences and the interests at stake are global. In addition to the multitude of areas of cooperation, there is a congruence of actors: Arctic and extra-Arctic ones such as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, but also regions, inter-parliamentary organizations, indigenous peoples or scientific associations. The complexity of the situation is perceptible in the way the Arctic cooperation is established. Tensions exist both among the Arctic actors and between Arctic and extra-Arctic actors. Two contradictory processes seem to structure the cooperation with the regionalization on the one hand, and the internationalization on the other hand. Thus, cooperation between Arctic stakeholders is built around many international institutions, which structures and roles will certainly evolve. The central structure of the Arctic cooperation is the Arctic Council – a regional institution. At the same time, the cooperation in the Arctic region is based on global international cooperations, with essential instruments as the Convention on the law of the sea of 1982. Arctic cooperation seems to be an interesting model based on flexibility that should enable adaptation, which is especially important in a region so deeply exposed to fast changes. It is based on a unique structure emphasizing multi-level and multi-stakeholder actions, keeping a balance between hard and soft law. If the Arctic cooperation builds a real Arctic region with a growing importance in the international arena, the ties between the world and the region remains uncertain. The inclusion of extra-Arctic actors is necessary but it is facing resistance from a part of the Arctic actors. Arctic arises as a new object of international relations and may even become a new actor, but it must respond to the dangers that may exist for cooperation in this region, dangers that seem to come especially from exogenous causes. Therefore, Arctic cooperation requires a thorough analysis of the issues it is faced with as well as its contradictions and paradoxes. This thesis aims to study the Arctic cooperation highlighting its mechanisms and particularities as well as to analyze relationships that it can develop with extra-Arctic actors and how it incorporates into international relations
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Gustavsson, Eva. "Mellan det lokala och det globala : klimat, kommuner, nätverk." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2711.
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Between the local and the global: climate, local governments, networks The notion of an ongoing global warming is shared by a large number of researchers and decision-makers around the world. Through the act of signing the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change a majority of the world's naitons have accepted the idea of human induced climate change, and to develop national climate change mitigation programmes. The Kyoto protocol later quantified the commitments made by the nations. The issue of climate change has become a political issue of its own. In the European Union as well as in Sweden and other nations, climate mitigation goals, programmes and strategies are developed. This is also the situation on the local level, for example in Swedish municipalities, which is the context of this study. Local goverment is an important actor in climate mitigation, both as a political organization in its own right and as an arena involving actors from different sectors in society. Climate change mitigation measures conducted by local governments re partly shaped by national grant programmes. The study shows, however, that the local context - the palce - with its natural prerequisites, economic structures and composition of actors, is just as decisive for how the local climate policies are developed and implemented. It also shows that although responsibility for the environment is an important driving force in local climate mitigation there are at least two other dirving forces; local and regional development and the symbolic valute of being in the forefront of climate change mitigation. Another arena where actors in climate change mitigation meet is the network. Together wiht actors from different sectors and levels many municipalities participate in various networks, with local to global extension. The fact that the netsorks like climate change in inself transcends political and administrative borders, is alsö addressed theoretically in the study, focusing upon the concepts of re-scaling, multilevel governance and network governance, which constitute the theoretichal fram of the thesis.
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Escobar, Barzola Karla. "EU-kommuner? : En fallstudie om EU-handslaget." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175150.
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In 2014 the Swedish government concluded from an investigation that Swedish insights into the EU were lacking. Therefore, in 2016 the EU-handshake was an initiative from the government to strengthen the relationship between the local level and the EU. The EU handshake was non-mandatory and where municipalities joined. In 2018 the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) analysed the results of the municipalities and regions with the EU-handshake and concluded that 90 percent of the work was done in collaboration with actors from vertical-and horizontal levels. The study from SALAR did not however discuss how different actors from different levels made it possible for the municipalities to carry out their EU-handshake, and there is also no discussion on why the results of the EU-handshake differs. This study is going to concern itself with these knowledge gaps and investigate using a multilevel-governance theory as well as interviews with six municipalities´ from the south of Sweden. This study also provides new insights into municipalities role in EU-related work. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that: the relationship to EU has been strengthened through the execution of the municipalities´ EU-handshake with actors from the regional and local level.
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Major, Andreia Raposo Telo. "A contratualização enquanto instrumento de governação multinível : uma aplicação aos acordos celebrados em Portugal no âmbito do QREN e no Acordo de Parceria." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7966.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas<br>A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende avaliar o contributo da contratualização para a execução dos Fundos Estruturais (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional e Fundo Social Europeu) e de Coesão no âmbito do QREN. A questão central que se quer responder decorre desta avaliação, no sentido de aferir se a contratualização foi um mecanismo de execução dos fundos importante e adequado ou, por outro lado, se a sua utilização não foi preponderante para a execução global dos fundos.<br>This paper seeks to evaluate the contribution of contractualisation to the implementation of Structural (European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund) and Cohesion Funds within the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). Its main objective is to ascertain whether contractualisation was an appropriate mechanism or if, on the contrary, it was not essential for the overall fund implementation.
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Vieira, Larissa Haddad Souza. "Arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) no estado do Espírito Santo: política pública, processo decisório e percepção de atores." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15985.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-22<br>The study of productive agglomerations points the State as the protagonist in supporting inter-institutional cooperation in terms of increased competitiveness of companies in various sectors, promoting regional development through public policies. This research analyzed the design of Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs) in the state of Espírito Santo (ES) as instruments of public policy for local development, according to the perception of strategic actors about decision-making processes present throughout the implementation of the National Policy support to LPAs, from the analysis of LPAs of Agro Tourism, Metal-Mechanic and Ornamental Stones. The case of Cluster Quesero de Villa María complements the analysis, highlighting similarities and differences between productive agglomerations supported by public policies in Brazil and Argentina. The study used as a theoretical basis Decision-making Process and Veto groups acting in public policies, the incremental approach and multilevel governance, and the reference on LPAs. The research, qualitative, used interviews to capture the perceptions of relevant actors to the implementation of policies in ES and Villa María about the decision-making process, its members and relations. Bibliographic and documentary data sources were also used, and the information went through Content Analysis. The results indicate incremental characteristics throughout the operative chain formed by several different decision processes. There were identified a few effects of the National Policy in its implementation in ES, and a decline in the use of LPAs approach in the state. All productive agglomerations were organized by top-down initiatives; however, two of them developed bottom-up characteristics due to the appropriation of its members on the proposals in development. Productive agglomerations were analyzed as features such as: Performance of Governance; Heterogeneity of Decision Maker Group; LPA Organization flow; Relationship with Government; Existence of Workers Groups Participation Channels and Local Community. The study identifies the asymmetrical relations between the actors in decision-making processes, both in the Brazilian and the in Argentinean cases, derived asymmetries as to information, access to participation and decision-making by groups related to its development. Business, government and supporting institutions groups are protagonists in these decision-making processes, while social and labor representations, even though relevant to LPAs, do not participate in them. The inclusion of different actors with diverse interests in decision-making processes, on the one hand, can generate conflicts and decision-making slow, but, in contrast, tends to generate decisions, changes and more integrated actions to local realities, according to different points of view and, therefore, more effective and intelligent. Moreover, the purpose of local development, by encouraging the LPAs, can be achieved to the extent that these actors are included in decision-making, because only so, it would be possible to achieve development in its perspective association between economic dynamism and improve the population's quality of life with a view to sustainability.<br>O estudo de aglomerações produtivas aponta o Estado como protagonista no apoio à cooperação interinstitucional em função do aumento da competitividade de empresas dos mais diversos setores, favorecendo o desenvolvimento regional por meio de políticas públicas. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o desenho dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) no estado do Espírito Santo (ES) como instrumentos de política pública para o desenvolvimento local, segundo a percepção de atores estratégicos sobre processos decisórios presentes na implementação da Política Nacional de Apoio a APLs, a partir da análise dos APLs de Agroturismo, Metalmecânico e de Rochas Ornamentais. O caso do Cluster Quesero de Villa María complementa as análises, evidenciando semelhanças e diferenças entre aglomerações produtivas apoiadas por políticas públicas no Brasil e na Argentina. O estudo utilizou como base teórica o processo decisório e grupos de veto em políticas públicas, a abordagem incremental e de governança multinível, e o referencial sobre APLs. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou entrevistas para captar as percepções de atores relevantes à implementação das políticas no ES e em Villa María acerca dos processos decisórios, seus membros e relações; fontes de dados bibliográficos e documentais também foram utilizadas, e as informações passaram por Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicam características incrementais em toda a cadeia decisória, formada por vários processos de decisão diferentes. Foram identificados poucos efeitos da Política Nacional em sua implementação no ES, além de uma decadência do uso da abordagem de APLs no estado. As aglomerações produtivas foram organizadas mediante iniciativas top-down; mas duas desenvolveram características bottom-up, dada a apropriação de seus membros quanto às propostas em desenvolvimento. As aglomerações foram analisadas conforme características como: Atuação da Governança; Heterogeneidade do Grupo Decisor; Fluxo de Organização do APL; Relação com Governos; Existência de Canais de Participação de Grupos de Trabalhadores e da Comunidade Local. São identificadas relações assimétricas entre os atores em processos decisórios, nos casos brasileiros e no argentino, derivadas de assimetrias quanto a informações, acesso à participação e poder decisório por parte de grupos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento. Grupos empresariais, governamentais e de instituições de apoio são protagonistas nesses processos decisórios, enquanto representações sociais e trabalhistas, mesmo relevantes aos APLs, não participam dos mesmos. A inclusão de diferentes atores com interesses diversos nos processos decisórios, por um lado, pode gerar conflitos e morosidade decisória; em contrapartida, tende a gerar decisões, mudanças e ações mais integradas às realidades locais, segundo variados pontos de vista, e, portanto, mais efetivas e inteligentes. Além disso, o desenvolvimento local, mediante incentivo a APLs, poderá ser alcançado na medida em que esses atores sejam incluídos nas tomadas de decisão, pois o consideraria sob sua perspectiva de associação entre dinamismo econômico e melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, tendo em vista sua sustentabilidade.
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Faval, Cherie. "La Regione sostenibile. Forme giuridiche del regionalismo alla luce del principio di sostenibilità. Spunti comparativi dalle esperienze italiana, francese e spagnola = La Région durable. Formes juridiques du régionalisme au vu du principe de durabilité. Suggestions comparatives à partir des expériences italienne, française et espagnole." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/142899.
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The thesis aims to deal with a classical theme (regional territorial organisation), in a comparative perspective (comparing the Italian Regione, the French Région and the Spanish Comunidad Autónoma) and adopting a dimension that is widely spread (sustainability).
In this sense, the research, on the one hand, traces the reference framework of the whole work, introducing the basic concepts (Region; Regional State), not without having previously contextualised them in the perimeter in which it is (still) relevant to deal with them (the questions relating to territorialization and autonomy). Then, the thesis discusses certain characteristics ('static' and 'dynamic' variables of the 'regional state') which are described as emblematic, insofar as their function is both to provide a representative description of the 'regional state', abstractly considered, and to serve as a parameter of the comparative relationship between concrete regional experiences.
On the other hand, the thesis analyses the subject of sustainability, attempting, firstly, to trace the origins of the concept and the processes of its "juridicisation" and "constitutionalisation". Secondly, it asks whether it is possible to propose further interpretations of sustainability that could prove useful for an analysis of institutional nature.
This component of the work – a sort of "research within the research" – leads to the identification of a notion of institutional sustainability – and, in particular, of regional institutional sustainability – and of a series of potential indicators of sustainability. On this basis, the identified criterion is proposed as a key to interpret the experiences of 'regionalism', with a view not to give exhaustive and complete answers, but to provide useful elements for a fruitful reflection on the existence or not of conditions of permanent and future sustainability of the regional institution.
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Leprêtre, Nicolas. "Les transformations de l’action publique au prisme des réseaux électriques intelligents. Le cas des expérimentations de smart communities au Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN033/document.
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Dans un contexte de multiplication d’expérimentations de « réseaux électriques intelligents » (REI) et de « villes intelligentes » à travers le monde, cette thèse questionne les reconfigurations qui affectent l’action publique liée à l’énergie depuis l’émergence de ces innovations technologiques. À partir d’une analyse de l’instrumentation des politiques énergétiques et de la gouvernance de quatre démonstrateurs de « smart communities » au Japon, nous souhaitons saisir la reformulation du rôle de l’État et de ses modes d’interaction avec les collectivités territoriales et avec les acteurs privés. Nous défendons la thèse que la pratique de l’expérimentation tend à devenir un instrument privilégié de la conduite des politiques locales, en réponse à d’importantes transformations qui affectent les politiques énergétiques. En nous appuyant sur une analyse néo-institutionnaliste, nous montrons que l’introduction des REI est marquée par des permanences dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques et dans les cadres cognitifs mobilisés, mais aussi par un « changement graduel transformateur » dans les instruments déployés. À travers l’étude des quatre premiers démonstrateurs de smart community mis en place entre 2010 et 2015 par le Ministère de l’Économie, du Commerce et de l’Industrie (METI) à Yokohama, Toyota, Kyōto Keihanna et Kitakyūshū, nous procédons à une analyse de l’influence de la pratique expérimentale sur la production de politiques énergétiques locales et sur les modes d’interaction entre l’État et les acteurs locaux. Il apparaît alors que la pratique expérimentale est appropriée par les acteurs locaux volontaristes comme un moyen de valoriser leurs « bonnes pratiques » et d’ériger leur territoire en vitrine de l’exemplarité. Cette démarche s’inscrit dans une perspective stratégique visant à capter les financements privés et publics, mais elle résulte aussi d’un repositionnement de l’appareil étatique visant à renforcer son contrôle au sein de politiques énergétiques territorialisées par la promotion d’expérimentations en phase avec ses stratégies. Nous mobilisons en particulier les notions de « méta-gouvernance » et de « gouvernement à distance » pour qualifier les dispositifs déployés par l’État pour conférer des marges de manœuvre aux acteurs locaux et accorder des concessions ponctuelles qui s’inscrivent dans ses perspectives stratégiques, tout en effectuant un contrôle sur ce processus afin de maintenir la structure du réseau<br>As smart grids’ experiments and smart cities are spreading through the world, this doctoral thesis questions the reconfigurations that have been affecting public action about energy issues since the appearance of these technological innovations. Through an analysis of energy policy tools and case studies of the governance of four ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects in Japan, my goal is to understand how the State redefines its role and its process of interaction with local governments and private actors. My main contribution is to analyze the practice of experimentation as an emerging tool of local policies, in response to major transformation that affect energy policies. Based on a neo-institutionalist approach, I highlight that the introduction of smart grids is based on continuities in terms of policymaking process and cognitive frames, while the policy tools used to implement smart grids are characterized by a ‘gradual institutional change’. Through an analysis of the first ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects that have been implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) between 2010 and 2015 in Yokohama, Toyota, Kyōto Keihanna et Kitakyūshū, I study the influence of experimentations in the implementation of local energy policies and in the interactions between the State and local actors. My case studies show that proactive local actors took over experiment as a way of enhancing the exemplariness of their territory and “best practices”. From a strategic point of view, this approach aims at attracting public and private funding, but in an institutional perspective, it also reveals how the State positions itself in order to increase its control over territorialized energy policies by promoting experimentation projects according to its strategies. I use the notion of ‘meta-governor’ and ‘governing by distance’ as a way of describing the measures implemented by the METI and other ministries to give room for manoeuvre to local actors and to grant concessions that fits with their strategies, while controlling over this process in order to maintain the general structure of the grid
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MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Full textAbstract:
Negli ultimi decenni si segnalano due linee di tendenza in Europa: il ravvicinamento delle normative che interessano gli Enti territoriali minori (Comuni, Province e Città metropolitane), con una valorizzazione di tali realtà (ad eccezione della fase successiva alla recente crisi economica) ed un processo di progressivo spostamento delle decisioni dagli Stati membri all’Unione europea.
È interessante comprendere, e lo si è fatto nel presente lavoro, come i due fenomeni si correlino ed in particolare, quanto influisca l’Unione europea sulle articolazioni interne degli Stati membri.
La ricerca si concentra quindi sull’evoluzione della disciplina degli Enti territoriali minori non solo in Italia, ma anche negli altri Stati membri dell’Unione europea, al fine di apprezzarne le differenze e per evidenziare le linee di tendenza che accomunano i diversi ordinamenti (anche alla luce delle più recenti riforme).
Quanto alla disciplina dell’Unione europea un’attenzione particolare viene dedicata, oltre che ai principi generali espressi nelle fonti primarie, anche all’analisi di specifiche politiche che prendono in considerazione la posizione dei livelli locali (ed in primo luogo le politiche di coesione economica, sociale e territoriale).
Si è potuto così confrontare i dati per comprendere se ed in quale misura le riforme che hanno interessato gli Enti territoriali minori siano state indotte dalla normativa, dalle politiche e dalle azioni dell’Unione europea.
Si è cercato infine di delineare il possibile e futuro ruolo degli Enti territoriali minori nell’architettura europea, in un’ottica di possibile federalismo multilivello.<br>During last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union.
It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States.
In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union,
Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion).
In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent.
Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
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MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Full textAbstract:
Negli ultimi decenni si segnalano due linee di tendenza in Europa: il ravvicinamento delle normative che interessano gli Enti territoriali minori (Comuni, Province e Città metropolitane), con una valorizzazione di tali realtà (ad eccezione della fase successiva alla recente crisi economica) ed un processo di progressivo spostamento delle decisioni dagli Stati membri all’Unione europea.
È interessante comprendere, e lo si è fatto nel presente lavoro, come i due fenomeni si correlino ed in particolare, quanto influisca l’Unione europea sulle articolazioni interne degli Stati membri.
La ricerca si concentra quindi sull’evoluzione della disciplina degli Enti territoriali minori non solo in Italia, ma anche negli altri Stati membri dell’Unione europea, al fine di apprezzarne le differenze e per evidenziare le linee di tendenza che accomunano i diversi ordinamenti (anche alla luce delle più recenti riforme).
Quanto alla disciplina dell’Unione europea un’attenzione particolare viene dedicata, oltre che ai principi generali espressi nelle fonti primarie, anche all’analisi di specifiche politiche che prendono in considerazione la posizione dei livelli locali (ed in primo luogo le politiche di coesione economica, sociale e territoriale).
Si è potuto così confrontare i dati per comprendere se ed in quale misura le riforme che hanno interessato gli Enti territoriali minori siano state indotte dalla normativa, dalle politiche e dalle azioni dell’Unione europea.
Si è cercato infine di delineare il possibile e futuro ruolo degli Enti territoriali minori nell’architettura europea, in un’ottica di possibile federalismo multilivello.<br>During last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union.
It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States.
In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union,
Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion).
In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent.
Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
47
Adler, Martin, Stefanie Peer, and Tanja Sinozic. "Autonomous, connected, electric shared vehicles (ACES) and public finance: An explorative analysis." Elsevier, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7200/1/main.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the implications of autonomous-connected-electric-shared vehicles (ACES) for public finance, which have so far been widely ignored in the literature. In OECD countries, 5-12% of federal and up to 30% of local tax revenues are currently collected from fuel and vehicle taxation. The diffusion of ACES will significantly reduce these important sources of government revenues and affect transport-related government expenditures, unless additional policies are introduced to align the new technological context with the tax revenue requirements. We argue that the realization of socioeconomic benefits of ACES depends on the implementation of tailored public finance policies, which can take advantage of the increase in data availability from the further digitalization of transportation systems. In particular, the introduction of road tolls in line with "user Pays" and "polluter Pays" principles will become more feasible for policy. Moreover, innovation in taxation schemes to fit the changing technological circumstances may alter the relative importance of levels of governance in transport policy making, likely shifting power towards local, in particular urban, governmental levels. We finally argue that, given the risk of path-dependencies and lock-in to sub-optimal public finance regimes if policies are implemented late, further research and near-term policy actions taken during the diffusion process of ACES are required.
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Faval, Cherie. "La regione sostenibile. Forme giuridiche del regionalismo alla luce del principio di sostenibilità. Spunti comparativi dalle esperienze italiana, francese e spagnola." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0152.
Full textAbstract:
Les collectivités territoriales, notamment celles régionales, font souvent l'objet - dans divers contextes - de propositions de réforme et de réorganisation, en renouvelant ainsi constamment les nombreuses questions concernant le bien-fondé de la permanence des articulations territoriales infra-étatiques de type régional, à court, moyen et long terme.À partir de ce constat, la thèse vise à traiter un thème classique (l’organisation territoriale régionale), dans une perspective comparative (en confrontant la Regione italienne, la Région française et la Comunidad Autónoma espagnole) et en adoptant une dimension désormais largement répandue (celle de la durabilité), en en proposant – tel est le souhait – une lecture autant que possible innovante.En ce sens, la recherche trace, d'abord, le cadre de référence de l'ensemble du travail, en introduisant les concepts de base (Région ; État régional), non sans les avoir préalablement contextualisés dans le périmètre dans lequel il résulte (encore) pertinent de les traiter (en effet, les questions relatives à la territorialisation et à l'autonomie semblent être plus que jamais d'actualité, bien que dans des perspectives différentes de celles « classiques »). Toujours en guise d’introduction, la thèse aborde certaines caractéristiques (variables « statiques » et « dynamiques » de l'« État régional ») qualifiées d'emblématiques, dans la mesure où elles ont pour fonction à la fois de fournir des déclinaisons représentatives de l'« État régional », abstraitement considéré, et de servir de paramètre du rapport de comparaison entre des expériences régionales concrètes. Une comparaison qui est ensuite effectuée - après l'illustration du fondement et des principales évolutions des cadres juridiques respectifs - par rapport aux Regioni, aux Régions et aux Comunidades Autónomas. La recherche se consacre ensuite au thème de la durabilité, en essayant, en premier lieu, de remonter aux origines du concept et d’en retracer les processus de « juridicisation » et de « constitutionnalisation ». Une fois le concept exploré et exploité dans les différentes formes juridiques apparues au fil du temps - à travers une démarche qui part de la durabilité en tant que principe du «droit de l'environnement» pour arriver à la considérer désormais une composante «de l'environnement du droit» - l'étude s'interroge sur la possibilité de proposer des déclinaisons ultérieures de la durabilité qui puissent s'avérer utiles pour une analyse de nature institutionnelle. Cette composante du travail - qui nécessairement s'éloigne des frontières du droit régional comparé pour ouvrir une « recherche dans la recherche » avec des contributions de branches très différentes du droit (mais pas seulement du droit, en fait) - amène à l'identification d'une notion de durabilité institutionnelle - et, notamment, de durabilité institutionnelle régionale - et d'une série d'indicateurs potentiels de durabilité. Sur cette base, le critère identifié est proposé comme clé de lecture pour interpréter les expériences de « régionalisme » et de « régionalisation », dans la perspective non pas de donner des réponses exhaustives et complètes, mais de fournir des éléments utiles pour une réflexion fructueuse sur l'existence ou non de conditions de viabilité permanente et future de l'institution régionale. Cet objectif est poursuivi par l'application, aux variables susmentionnées du régionalisme, du principe de durabilité institutionnelle régionale et des indicateurs de durabilité qui lui sont associés, à travers l'utilisation d'exemples tirés des dynamiques régionales que l'on retrouve dans les trois systèmes juridiques considérés et dans des contextes ordinaires et - la recherche étant un processus évolutif qui ne peut s'abstraire complètement de la réalité - dans des contextes extraordinaires, tel celui engendré par l'impact de l'urgence Coronavirus sur les collectivités territoriales et sur les relations entre celles-ci et le niveau national<br>Territorial authorities, especially regional ones, are often concerned - in various contexts - by reform and reorganisation proposals, thus constantly renewing the many questions concerning the appropriateness of the permanence of sub-state territorial articulations of the regional type, in the short, medium and long term.Based on this observation, the thesis aims to deal with a classical theme (regional territorial organisation), in a comparative perspective (comparing the Italian Regione, the French Région and the Spanish Comunidad Autónoma) and adopting a dimension that is now widely spread (that of sustainability), proposing - as much as possible - an innovative reading.In this sense, the research first of all traces the reference framework of the whole work, introducing the basic concepts (Region; Regional State), not without having previously contextualised them in the perimeter in which it is (still) relevant to deal with them (indeed, the questions relating to territorialisation and autonomy seem to be more topical than ever, albeit from different perspectives than the 'classic' ones). Again by way of introduction, the thesis discusses certain characteristics ('static' and 'dynamic' variables of the 'regional state') which are described as emblematic, insofar as their function is both to provide representative declensions of the 'regional state', abstractly considered, and to serve as a parameter of the comparative relationship between concrete regional experiences. This comparison is then made - after illustrating the basis and main developments of the respective legal frameworks - in relation to the Regioni, the Regions and the Comunidades Autónomas. The research then turns to the subject of sustainability, attempting, firstly, to trace the origins of the concept and the processes of its "juridicisation" and "constitutionalisation". Once the concept has been explored and exploited in the various legal forms that have emerged over time - through an approach that starts from sustainability as a principle of "environmental law" and ends up considering it as a component of "the environment of law" - the study asks whether it is possible to propose further declensions of sustainability that could prove useful for an analysis of an institutional nature. This component of the work - which necessarily moves away from the boundaries of comparative regional law to open up a "research within the research" with contributions from very different branches of law (but not only law, in fact) - leads to the identification of a notion of institutional sustainability - and, in particular, of regional institutional sustainability - and of a series of potential indicators of sustainability. On this basis, the identified criterion is proposed as a key to interpret the experiences of 'regionalism' and 'regionalisation', with a view not to give exhaustive and complete answers, but to provide useful elements for a fruitful reflection on the existence or not of conditions of permanent and future sustainability of the regional institution. This objective is pursued by applying the principle of regional institutional sustainability and its associated sustainability indicators to the above-mentioned variables of regionalism, using examples drawn from the regional dynamics found in the three legal systems under consideration in ordinary and - since a research is an evolutionary process that cannot completely abstract from reality - extraordinary contexts, such as the one generated by the impact of the Coronavirus emergency on local and regional authorities and on their relations with the national level
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Sydow, Cristina Toth. "Os arranjos produtivos locais e o processo de coordenação intergovernamental: o papel dos governos dos estados como articuladores de políticas públicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9838.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-16<br>One of the big issues of the Brazilian Federalism is the role of the states in the field of public policies. If, on the one hand, this role in welfare-State systems is still facing a lack of definitions and the literature on aspects such as participation in the design and execution of policies in the fields of health, education, social assistance and housing is quite restricted, the current scene seems to be, on the other, quite different in regard to the policies of economic development, as the states count with a significant advantage vis-à-vis the municipalities and the federal government. This thesis is an attempt to show that the role of the states has expanded and has become more specialized in the functions connected to infrastructure and regional development. Through the works of analysis and planning, and with their capacity of linking through several actors of their development agencies and secretariats of economic development, the states can display a privileged view of their particularities and similarities in the productive and logistical activities, and of their specific needs. States are also taking up a variety of actions in the design, execution and implementation of policies that involve linkages with the other members of the Federation, with the private sector and the civil society, and they are furthering new socio-institutional architectures in the creation, development and maintenance of support instruments. Such institutional environment enables the study of the mechanisms of territorial associationism, and, particularly, the Local Productive Arrangements, which have been increasingly used as instruments of regional development by the states, with the support of the federal government. The Local Productive Arrangements have an associationist and voluntary nature, and they are instruments that can be employed and improved by the states, as the territorial basis on which they find themselves have a pre-existing productive vocation, and as the interventions towards stimulating, building capacities and professional training are among the possibilities of action by the states. From this premise, the present work analyzes the role that has been played by the states in the design, execution and articulation of policies for Local Productive Arrangements. Based on the assumption that the states do count with a better institutional structure than the municipalities and the federal government for specific policies that favor the Local Productive Arrangements, it seeks to understand how the three analyzed states – Pernambuco, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul – have dealt with the issue.<br>Uma das grandes questões do federalismo brasileiro é o papel dos estados no campo das políticas públicas. Se por um lado o papel dos estados nas políticas públicas para sistemas de welfare state ainda passa por indefinições e a literatura que discute seu papel na participação da formulação e execução de políticas nas áreas de saúde, educação, assistência social e habitação é bastante restrita, o cenário aparenta ser bastante distinto no que tange às políticas de desenvolvimento econômico, por possuir significativa vantagem frente aos municípios e governo federal. A presente tese busca mostrar que o papel dos estados têm ampliado e se especializado mais em funções relativas à infraestrutura e ao desenvolvimento regional. Por meio do trabalho de análise, planejamento e capacidade de articulação com vários atores das agências de desenvolvimento estaduais e secretarias de desenvolvimento econômico, os estados podem visualizar de forma privilegiada suas particularidades e semelhanças nas atividades produtivas, de logística e de necessidades específicas, e assumem uma gama de ações de formulação, execução e implementação de políticas que envolvem articulação com os demais entes da federação, setor privado e sociedade civil e novas arquiteturas socioinstitucionais para a criação, desenvolvimento e manutenção de instrumentos de apoio. Neste ambiente institucional advém o estudo de mecanismos de associativismo territorial, notadamente os Arranjos Produtivos Locais, crescentemente utilizados como instrumentos de desenvolvimento regional pelos estados, com o apoio do governo federal. De natureza associativista e voluntária, os Arranjos Produtivos Locais são instrumentos que podem ser aproveitados e incrementados pelos estados, uma vez que a territorialidade na qual estão inseridos possuem vocação produtiva pré-existente, e intervenções em direção ao incentivo, capacitação e profissionalização são algumas das possibilidades de ação dos estados. A partir de tal premissa que o presente trabalho busca analisar o papel que os estados têm assumido na formulação, execução e articulação de políticas públicas para Arranjos Produtivos Locais. Ao assumir que os estados são melhor dotados de estrutura institucional do que os municípios e o governo federal para políticas específicas para Arranjos Produtivos Locais, busca-se compreender como três estados selecionados Pernambuco, Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul têm tratado o tema.
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GIANNONI, PAOLA. "Labour market policies and youth unemployment: a comparative evaluation between Italy and Austria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1099275.
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Europe’s attention to youth policies has become more and more marked over time and this has been precisely in order to respond to the needs created by the unemployment and NEET phenomenon, which have become major issues at European level. This represents a challenge for the EU labour market, made even more urgent by socio-economic changes, the current political crisis, and the health emergency linked to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, cross-regional differences are remarkably high. Available evidence highlights the gap in youth labour market integration between the welfare regimes of Central-Northern Europe and those of the Mediterranean area. In this perspective, this PhD thesis examines the main theoretical constructs of youth policies by performing an extensive literature review to better understand the differences in regional contexts and the factors that hinder or promote their effectiveness. The traditional Italian family-based and sub-protective welfare system, when it comes to these phenomena, represents a more extreme case of general transformations that are traversing Europe, as Italy is one of the European countries with the highest rates of NEET s and unemployed young people. On the other hand, the corporatist Austrian welfare state is based on a strong role of social partners and is characterized by a long tradition of incremental reforms and continuity in social policies, which tend to favour the entry of young people into the labour market through an integrated school-to-work transition.
In this regard, Austria and Italy were selected as case studies, through a multi-level and multi-method comparative analysis that aims to evaluate different aspects of youth policies in their complexity. An exploratory study, analyzing the data collected through a survey to investigate the implementation of labour market policies in the territorial contexts considered, permitted the definition of the evaluative dimensions on which the subsequent qualitative research focused. In particular, in-depth interviews with key informants, such as policymakers and experts at national, regional, and local level in the Austrian and Italian contexts, have allowed to compare the different perceptions and meanings assigned by the stakeholders to the policies considered and to evaluate, through the investigation of governance mechanisms, how actors interact at various levels and whether they intervene in the negotiation of policy choices. The outcome of empirical research also provide insight into the specific ALMP s implemented by the EU, highlighting the limits inherent in the activation of standardized measures to combat complex and highly diversified phenomena such as youth unemployment and in particular NEET s. The different views that emerged underline the complexity both the implementation of youth policies and of the system’s multilevel governance.