Journal articles: 'Multiple Scripts'

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Usui, Toshinori, Yuto Otsuki, Tomonori Ikuse, Yuhei Kawakoya, Makoto Iwamura, Jun Miyoshi, and Kanta Matsuura. "Automatic Reverse Engineering of Script Engine Binaries for Building Script API Tracers." Digital Threats: Research and Practice 2, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3416126.

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Script languages are designed to be easy-to-use and require low learning costs. These features provide attackers options to choose a script language for developing their malicious scripts. This diversity of choice in the attacker side unexpectedly imposes a significant cost on the preparation for analysis tools in the defense side. That is, we have to prepare for multiple script languages to analyze malicious scripts written in them. We call this unbalanced cost for script languages asymmetry problem . To solve this problem, we propose a method for automatically detecting the hook and tap points in a script engine binary that is essential for building a script Application Programming Interface (API) tracer. Our method allows us to reduce the cost of reverse engineering of a script engine binary, which is the largest portion of the development of a script API tracer, and build a script API tracer for a script language with minimum manual intervention. This advantage results in solving the asymmetry problem. The experimental results showed that our method generated the script API tracers for the three script languages popular among attackers (Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript), and PowerShell). The results also demonstrated that these script API tracers successfully analyzed real-world malicious scripts.

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Zhang, Qian, Yang Cao, Qiwen Wang, Duc Vu, Priyaa Thavasimani, Timothy McPhillips, Paolo Missier, et al. "Revealing the Detailed Lineage of Script Outputs Using Hybrid Provenance." International Journal of Digital Curation 12, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v12i2.585.

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We illustrate how combining retrospective and prospectiveprovenance can yield scientifically meaningful hybrid provenancerepresentations of the computational histories of data produced during a script run. We use scripts from multiple disciplines (astrophysics, climate science, biodiversity data curation, and social network analysis), implemented in Python, R, and MATLAB, to highlight the usefulness of diverse forms of retrospectiveprovenance when coupled with prospectiveprovenance. Users provide prospective provenance, i.e., the conceptual workflows latent in scripts, via simple YesWorkflow annotations, embedded as script comments. Runtime observables can be linked to prospective provenance via relational views and queries. These observables could be found hidden in filenames or folder structures, be recorded in log files, or they can be automatically captured using tools such as noWorkflow or the DataONE RunManagers. The YesWorkflow toolkit, example scripts, and demonstration code are available via an open source repository.

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Grasso, Stephanie M., Diana F. Cruz, Rosa Benavidez, Elizabeth D. Peña, and Maya L. Henry. "Video-Implemented Script Training in a Bilingual Spanish–English Speaker With Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 2295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0048.

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Purpose This study examines the utility of Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA) for improving speech production and fluency in a Spanish–English bilingual speaker with aphasia. Method In this single-subject, multiple-baseline intervention study, VISTA was utilized to facilitate fluent and intelligible speech through training with an audiovisual speech model. Scripts were developed from personalized topics of interest, and training stimuli were tailored for speech rate and linguistic complexity. One trained script per language contained a high proportion of cognates in order to examine the potential for enhancing cross-linguistic transfer. Primary and secondary outcome measures for trained and untrained scripts were percent correct and intelligible scripted words, grammatical errors, speech rate, and total percent intelligibility. Results R . C . showed significant improvement in accuracy, intelligibility, and grammaticality of trained scripts. Results revealed cross-linguistic transfer for both languages of treatment. A significantly greater magnitude of cross-language transfer was observed for scripts that were not cognate dense. Conclusions VISTA is a viable treatment method for bilingual individuals with aphasia. Cross-linguistic transfer was diminished when incorporating scripts with a high proportion of cognates; however, this may not be true for all bilingual individuals with aphasia and should be explored with additional participants.

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Singh, Pawan Kumar, Supratim Das, Ram Sarkar, and Mita Nasipuri. "Line Parameter based Word-Level Indic Script Identification System." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 6, no. 2 (July 2016): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2016070102.

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In this paper, a line parameter based approach is presented to identify the handwritten scripts written in eight popular scripts. Since Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines are usually script-dependent, automatic text recognition in multi-script environment requires a pre-processing module that helps identifying the scripts before processing the same through the respective OCR engine. The work becomes more challenging when it deals with handwritten document which is still a less explored research area. In this paper, a line parameter based approach is presented to identify the handwritten scripts written in eight popular scripts namely, Bangla, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurumukhi, Manipuri, Oriya, Urdu, and Roman. A combination of Hough transform (HT) and Distance transform (DT) is used to extract the directional spatial features based on the line parameter. Experimentations are performed at word-level using multiple classifiers on a dataset of 12000 handwritten word images and Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier is found to be the best performing classifier showing an identification accuracy of 95.28%. The performance of the present technique is also compared with those of other state-of-the-art script identification methods on the same database. A combination of Hough transform (HT) and Distance transform (DT) is used to extract the directional spatial features based on the line parameter. Experimentation are performed at word-level on a total dataset of 12000 handwritten word images and Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier is found to be the best performing classifier showing an identification accuracy of 95.28%.

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CHOKSI, NISHAANT. "From Language to Script: Graphic practice and the politics of authority in Santali-language print media, eastern India." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 5 (September 2017): 1519–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000470.

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AbstractThis article discusses the way in which assemblages of technologies, political institutions, and practices of exchange have rendered both language and script a site for an ongoing politics of authority among Santals, an Austro-Asiatic speaking Adivasi (Scheduled Tribe) community spread throughout eastern India. It focuses particularly on the production of Santali-language print artefacts, which, like its dominant language counterparts, such as Bengali, has its roots in colonial-era Christian missions. However, unlike dominant languages, Santali-language media has been characterized by the use of multiple graphic registers, including a missionary-derived Roman script, Indic scripts such as Devanagari and Eastern Brahmi, and an independently derived script, Ol-Chiki. The article links the history of Santali print and graphic practice with assertions of autonomy in colonial and early post-colonial India. It then ethnographically documents how graphic practices, in particular the use of multiple scripts, and print technologies mediate a contemporary politics of authority along vectors such as class and generation within communities that speak and read Santali in the eastern state of West Bengal, India.

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Effendi, Rustam. "Similarities in Textual Contents between Burung Simbangan Poetry and Siti Zubaidah Poetry." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0909.14.

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One of the scripts stored in the Lambung Mangkurat Museum, Kalimantan Selatan Province, is Burung Simbangan Poetry. The interesting part is that this script has several similarities to Siti Zubaidah Poetry. This research is a philological study, of which the research aims to reveal the existence of a script amidst the owner’s ethnicity. The method applied to understand these scripts is a qualitative method using a content analysis technique. The data source comprises both of scripts documents. The findings of this study include several similarities in the narrative between Burung Simbangan Poetry and Siti Zubaidah Poetry. These similarities are the stories about (i) a protagonist who has multiple wives; (ii) a first wife (the oldest), who assists her husband in a war until victory; (iii) a first wife (the oldest), who disguises herself as a man; (iv) a protagonist who is imprisoned in a poisonous well; (v) a protagonist who is hit by a chained arrow; (vi) the oldest wife, who assists her husband in reclaiming a young wife kidnapped by an enemy; and (vii) a protagonist assisted by four loyal patih, or commanders.

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Gomes, Sandra R., Sharon A. Reeve, Kevin J. Brothers, Kenneth F. Reeve, and Tina M. Sidener. "Establishing a Generalized Repertoire of Initiating Bids for Joint Attention in Children with Autism." Behavior Modification 44, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 394–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445518822499.

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The current study evaluated whether multiple-exemplar training, auditory scripts, and script-fading procedures could establish a generalized repertoire of initiating bids for joint attention in four young children with autism. Stimuli drawn from each of three experimenter-defined categories were used during teaching to program for generalization of initiations of bids for joint attention from trained stimuli to novel stimuli. A fourth category was reserved for assessment of across-category generalization of bids for joint attention. The four categories were (a) visually enticing toys, (b) unusually placed items, (c) environmental sounds, and (d) pictures. Assignment of categories for teaching and assessment of generalization was counterbalanced across the participants. Three different auditory scripts were used during intervention for each of the training stimuli to program for response generalization. All four children learned to initiate bids for joint attention. After scripts were subsequently faded and reinforcement was thinned, bids for joint attention were maintained and also generalized to novel stimuli and settings.

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Cu̓ò̓ng, Nguyễ˜n Tuấn. "Research of square scripts in Vietnam: An overview and prospects." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 3, no. 3 (September 2019): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850219861167.

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This paper first assesses the achievements and limitations of square scripts research in Vietnam, and then progresses to sketch out necessary steps that should be undertaken in the near future. The paper argues that researchers in Vietnam need to face the reality that the field of grammatology (or graphology), specifically regarding the research of square scripts, on the whole remains weak in many areas, despite some achievements, such as in the aspect of Nom script. Within the present academic circumstances, a key issue will be entering into the international arena and co-operating on multiple levels with international academia in order to absorb the knowledge and experience of the international community, thereby creating a stable foundation on which this field can be developed in Vietnam.

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Conacher, Jean E. "Transformation and Education in GDR Youth Literature: A Script Theory Approach." International Research in Children's Literature 9, no. 1 (July 2016): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2016.0183.

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Youth literature within the German Democratic Republic (GDR) officially enjoyed equal status with adult literature, with authors often writing for both audiences. Such parity of esteem pre-supposed that youth literature would also adopt the cultural–political frameworks designed to nurture the establishment of socialism on German soil. In their quest to forge a legitimate national literature capable of transforming the population, politicians and writers drew repeatedly upon the cultural heritage of Weimar classicism and the Bildungsroman, Humboldtian educational traditions and Soviet-inspired models of socialist realism. Adopting a script theory approach inspired by Jean Matter Mandler, this article explores how directive cultural policies lead to the emergence of multiple scripts which inform the nature and narrative of individual works. Three broad ideological scripts within GDR youth literature are identified which underpin four distinct narrative scripts employed by individual writers to support, challenge and ultimately subvert the primacy of the Bildungsroman genre. A close reading of works by Strittmatter, Pludra, Görlich, Tetzner and Saalmann reveals further how conceptual blending with classical and fairy-tale scripts is exploited to legitimise and at times mask critique of transformation and education inside and outside the classroom and to offer young protagonists a voice often denied their readers.

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Chudzikowski, Katharina, and Stefanie Gustafsson. "Multiple Perspectives on Career Scripts: Theoretical and Empirical Advances." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 12445. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.12445symposium.

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Hundt, Gillian Lewando. "Multiple Scripts and Contested Discourse in Disseminating Research Findings." Social Policy and Administration 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00201.

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Stokes, Peter A. "Scribal Attribution across Multiple Scripts: A Digitally Aided Approach." Speculum 92, S1 (October 2, 2017): S65—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693968.

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Sng, Cheong Ying, Mark Carter, and Jennifer Stephenson. "Teaching a Student With Autism Spectrum Disorder On-Topic Conversational Responses With an iPad: A Pilot Study." Australasian Journal of Special Education 41, no. 1 (July 13, 2016): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2016.6.

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Scripts in written or auditory form have been used to teach conversational skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but with the proliferation of handheld tablet devices the scope to combine these 2 formats has broadened. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a script-based intervention, presented on an iPad conversational app, would be effective in teaching basic conversation skills within a school setting. A multiple baseline with probe design across scripts was employed to teach a student with ASD on-topic responses. Experimental control was demonstrated across 2 of the 3 baselines. Surprisingly, a substantial degree of generalisation was evident, which may have compromised demonstration of experimental control. This app may be a practical and effective tool for teaching on-topic responses to an individual with ASD, and further research is warranted.

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Goss, Seth. "Word recognition in a language with multiple orthographies: A semantic masked-priming study of L1 Mandarin learners of L3 Japanese." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 35, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2019-2012.

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Abstract This study explored the organization of the multilingual lexicon in L3 learners of Japanese from an L1 Mandarin Chinese background. Using a masked-priming paradigm, it examined whether native-language translations of Japanese words facilitated the recognition of native-morpheme hiragana words and katakana-script loanwords to a similar degree. Participants performed a lexical decision task on a series of hiragana and katakana words, which were preceded by three prime types: noncognate translations, same-script duplicates, and unrelated words. Results showed an equal magnitude of priming from L1 translations for L3 Japanese targets in both scripts, suggesting that conceptual information is made rapidly available for word recognition via an L1 prime. However, priming in the same-script duplicate condition differed numerically between hiragana and katakana, indicating that lower-familiarity katakana loanwords are not activated as rapidly as words in the more-familiar hiragana script. Findings are discussed in relation to models of the multilingual lexicon.

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Lazinger, Susan S., and Judith Levi. "Multiple non‐roman scripts in aleph—israel's research library network." Library Hi Tech 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047987.

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Hanif, Farheen, Fouzia Latif, and M. Sikandar Hayat Khiyal. "Unicode Aided Language Identification across Multiple Scripts and Heterogeneous Data." Information Technology Journal 6, no. 4 (May 1, 2007): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2007.534.540.

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Ainscough, Thomas L., homas E. DeCarlo, and homas W. Leigh. "Building expert systems from the selling scripts of multiple experts." Journal of Services Marketing 10, no. 4 (August 1996): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08876049610124563.

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Lu, Liqiong, Dong Wu, Ziwei Tang, Yaohua Yi, and Faliang Huang. "Mining discriminative patches for script identification in natural scene images." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200260.

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This paper focuses on script identification in natural scene images. Traditional CNNs (Convolution Neural Networks) cannot solve this problem perfectly for two reasons: one is the arbitrary aspect ratios of scene images which bring much difficulty to traditional CNNs with a fixed size image as the input. And the other is that some scripts with minor differences are easily confused because they share a subset of characters with the same shapes. We propose a novel approach combing Score CNN, Attention CNN and patches. Attention CNN is utilized to determine whether a patch is a discriminative patch and calculate the contribution weight of the discriminative patch to script identification of the whole image. Score CNN uses a discriminative patch as input and predict the score of each script type. Firstly patches with the same size are extracted from the scene images. Secondly these patches are used as inputs to Score CNN and Attention CNN to train two patch-level classifiers. Finally, the results of multiple discriminative patches extracted from the same image via the above two classifiers are fused to obtain the script type of this image. Using patches with the same size as inputs to CNN can avoid the problems caused by arbitrary aspect ratios of scene images. The trained classifiers can mine discriminative patches to accurately identify some confusing scripts. The experimental results show the good performance of our approach on four public datasets.

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Wettinger, Johannes, Tobias Binz, Uwe Breitenbücher, Oliver Kopp, and Frank Leymann. "Streamlining Cloud Management Automation by Unifying the Invocation of Scripts and Services Based on TOSCA." International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence 4, no. 2 (April 2014): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoci.2014040103.

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Today, there is a huge variety of script-centric approaches, APIs, and tools available to implement automated provisioning, deployment, and management of applications in the Cloud. The automation of all these aspects is key for reducing costs. However, most of these approaches are script-centric and provide proprietary solutions employing different invocation mechanisms, interfaces, and state models. Moreover, most Cloud providers offer proprietary APIs to be used for provisioning and management purposes. Consequently, it is hard to create deployment and management plans that integrate multiple of these approaches. The goal of our work is to come up with an approach for unifying the invocation of scripts and services without handling each proprietary interface separately. A prototype realizes the presented approach in a standards-based manner using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA).

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Hui, Zhi Xin. "Multiple LAMMPS Script of Graphene Crystal Cell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.32.

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It is the premise and foundation of numerical simulation to build models, because the optimal initial configuration of models can reduce the time of optimization and relaxation, and the ideal simulation results can be obtained. Nevertheless, as far as beginners are concerned, non interface operation of the LAMMPS system makes them more difficult to learn and manipulate, so they have no choice but to study the manual over and over again. Well, at least spend far too long in learning manual on account of less corresponding resources. Firstly, the basic concepts were presented in the paper such as lattice, unit cell, primitive cell, basis vector and lattice constant of crystal. Furthermore, what should be considered when compiling the LAMMPS script of lattice was described. Considering graphene, as material science and other areas of research focus at present, its lattice scripts were compiled respectively in the paper, including different chiralities of zigzag and armchair, different stacking ways of AA and AB. finally, the monolayer graphene models lattice structure of 2×2 and bilayer graphene models lattice structure of 2×2×2 were showed respectively using the VMD visual software, and this will provide beginners with a variety of ideas in modeling.

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Singh, Pawan Kumar, Ram Sarkar, and Mita Nasipuri. "A Study of Moment Based Features on Handwritten Digit Recognition." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2796863.

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Handwritten digit recognition plays a significant role in many user authentication applications in the modern world. As the handwritten digits are not of the same size, thickness, style, and orientation, therefore, these challenges are to be faced to resolve this problem. A lot of work has been done for various non-Indicscripts particularly, in case ofRoman, but, in case ofIndicscripts, the research is limited. This paper presents a script invariant handwritten digit recognition system for identifying digits written in five popular scripts of Indian subcontinent, namely,Indo-Arabic,Bangla,Devanagari,Roman, andTelugu. A 130-element feature set which is basically a combination of six different types of moments, namely, geometric moment, moment invariant, affine moment invariant, Legendre moment, Zernike moment, and complex moment, has been estimated for each digit sample. Finally, the technique is evaluated onCMATERand MNIST databases using multiple classifiers and, after performing statistical significance tests, it is observed that Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier outperforms the others. Satisfactory recognition accuracies are attained for all the five mentioned scripts.

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Sharif, Ahlam Ammar, and Andrew Karvonen. "Supporting, tinkering, adjusting and resisting: a typology of user translations of the built environment." Open House International 46, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-10-2020-0151.

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PurposeArchitectural theorists have a long tradition of acknowledging the centrality of building users to architectural production. This article contributes to the discourse on architecture, actor–network theory (ANT), and users by proposing a typology of user translations ranging from supporting to tinkering to adjusting to resisting.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilises an ANT-inspired ethnography of sustainable lighting scripts at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). It comprises semi-structured interviews with MIST designers and students, and site visits and participant observation to understand how the users interpret the scripts and how they interact and change them on a daily basis.FindingsThere is a shared understanding that users do not simply receive architectural designs but interpret and change them to suit their preferences. The findings reveal the multiple ways that users interpret and respond to the assumptions of designers and in the process, recast the relations between themselves and their material surroundings.Originality/valueThe research contributes to acknowledging the centrality of users to architectural design processes and the interpretation of design scripts, addressing the limitation in current literature in demonstrating the diversity of ways that users react to such scripts. The research suggests that user actions have significant implications on long-term building performance. It accordingly points to the need for devising multiple means of user involvement in the design process and allowing greater flexibility in design scripts to improve the alignment with user preferences.

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Evans, N. D., and M. K. Kundmann. "Plug-in scripts for EFTEM automation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165197.

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Post-column energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is inherently challenging as it requires the researcher to setup, align, and control both the microscope and the energy-filter. The software behind an EFTEM system is therefore critical to efficient, day-to-day application of this technique. This is particularly the case in a multiple-user environment such as at the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, visiting researchers, who may oe unfamiliar with the details of EFTEM, need to accomplish as much as possible in a relatively short period of time.We describe here our work in extending the base software of a commercially available EFTEM system in order to automate and streamline particular EFTEM tasks. The EFTEM system used is a Philips CM30 fitted with a Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The base software supplied with this system consists primarily of two Macintosh programs and a collection of add-ons (plug-ins) which provide instrument control, imaging, and data analysis facilities needed to perform EFTEM.

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Obaidullah, Sk Md, Chayan Halder, Nibaran Das, and Kaushik Roy. "Bangla and Oriya Script Lines Identification from Handwritten Document Images in Tri-script Scenario." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2016010103.

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In this paper, two popular eastern Indian scripts namely Bangla and Oriya are considered for Line-level script identification considering two Tri-script groups where Devnagari and Roman are kept common in each group. A 27 dimensional feature vector has been constructed using FD (Fractal Dimension) and IMT (Interpolated Morphological Transform). 600 Line-level handwritten document images of each Tri-script groups have been considered for experimentation. Promising results has been found using multiple classifiers where MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) Neural Network and LMT (Logistic Model Tree) perform best for BDR (Bangla-Devnagari-Roman) combinations with 97% accuracy and LMT outperforms over others for ODR (Oriya-Devnagari-Roman) combinations with 97.7% accuracy. Bi-script performance analysis has also been made where combinations BR (Bangla-Roman) and BD (Bangla-Devnagari) results with accuracy of 98% and 97.5% respectively for the first group. Whereas for the second group OD (Oriya-Devnagari) and OR (Oriya-Roman) shows an accuracy of 98.25% and 98% respectively.

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Kabuto, Bobbie. "Bilingual Writing as an Act of Identity: Sign-Making in Multiple Scripts." Bilingual Research Journal 33, no. 2 (August 25, 2010): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2010.503143.

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Timmermans, Stefan. "Saving Lives or Saving Multiple Identities?: The Double Dynamic of Resuscitation Scripts." Social Studies of Science 26, no. 4 (November 1996): 767–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631296026004003.

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Christanti Mawardi, Viny, Fendy Augusfian, Jeanny Pragantha, and Stéphane Bressan. "Spelling Correction Application with Damerau-Levenshtein Distance to Help Teachers Examine Typographical Error in Exam Test Scripts." E3S Web of Conferences 188 (2020): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018800027.

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This research was intended to create Spelling Correction Application to help teachers examine questions scripts with the capability to found typographical error and give suggestion for non-real word error. This application is built with simple Damerau-Levenshtein Distance method to detect errors and give word suggestions from the typo word. This application can be used by the teacher to examine documents in the form of short answer, essay and multiple choices then save them back in the form of original documents. This application is built using a dictionary lookup consist of 41 312 words in Indonesian. The first test result is the application can detect non-real word errors from 50 sentences that have non-real word error in each sentence and produce an accuracy of 88 %. The second test is try to detect typographical error in exam test script that consist of 15 sample questions, consisting of five essay questions, five short answer, and five multiple choices.

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Wang, Zhentao, and Kathleen M. Trauth. "Development of GIS-based Python scripts to calculate a water surface profile on a landscape for wetlands decision-making." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.167.

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Abstract Wetlands provide many benefits for humans and the natural environment, but land-use changes have reduced their number and areal extent. Interest has grown in examining the landscape to determine those locations where, with minimal effort, it might be possible to develop a mitigation wetland – a location with sufficient water over a sufficient period of time to develop and maintain wetland functioning. This paper proposes a methodology to support the examination of the landscape for mitigation purposes through the application of open channel hydraulics principles to flow over a landscape. The methodology is part of a larger research effort ultimately combining hydrology and hydraulics, along with the landscape processes of infiltration and evapotranspiration, to perform a water balance assessment. Specifically, the methodology is implemented through readily available geographic information system tools along with Python scripts written for this study. The Python scripts automatically extract landscape characteristics from a digital elevation model and calculate hydraulic parameters that are used to determine water surface profiles using the Modified Euler's method. Multiple tests show that the script accurately produces profiles of flow between depressions over a landscape. Such determinations are the first step in understanding where water might exist on the surface to support mitigation wetland functions.

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Plattner, Alain M. "GPRPy: Open-source ground-penetrating radar processing and visualization software." Leading Edge 39, no. 5 (May 2020): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39050332.1.

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GPRPy is an open-source ground-penetrating radar software compatible with a range of ground-penetrating radar systems. Data processing and plotting can be performed by using graphical user interfaces or scripts that are generated automatically from the graphical user interfaces. This makes learning the software easy, and it enables researchers to share their scripts as part of a publication to ensure reproducible research. GPRPy enables profile data processing and visualization, velocity analysis, interpolation of 3D data cubes from profile data, and 3D interpolation for interfaces visible in multiple profiles. The software is written in Python and runs on all major operating systems.

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Palmer, Andrew J., Peta L. Hitchens, Steve Simpson, Beth O’Leary, Sam Colman, and Bruce V. Taylor. "A novel method for calculating prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Australia." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 13 (April 15, 2013): 1704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513479841.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Australia in 2010 using a novel method based on Australia-wide prescription data for MS-specific disease modifying agents. The results obtained were validated against two other prevalence estimates. Methods: We obtained the total number of scripts for medications that were used exclusively for the treatment of MS written in Australia for the period January–December 2010. The percentage of MS patients using medications (42–55%) was taken from state-specific surveys of MS Society clients. To estimate prevalence we divided the annual number of scripts dispensed by 12 and adjusted for penetration of medications by state. Results: The prevalence of MS in Australia in 2010 calculated using the prescription method was 21,283 people (95.5/100,000). This compared to 21,200 people (95.2/100,000) obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) survey of 2009 and 20,471 people (91.9/100,000) using MS Society client numbers. Prevalence increased with increasing latitude, with the prevalence for Tasmania over seven times that of the Northern Territory. Results were sensitive to the percentage of people with MS being treated. Conclusions: Calculation of prevalence of MS using nation-wide prescription data is a novel method that generates results similar to other potentially more resource-intensive methods.

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Liu, Zhiji. "Optical character recognition and the smart ancient script database." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 4, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850220967758.

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The initial success of optical character recognition (OCR) for ancient scripts has opened the floodgates for ‘smart’ ancient script research. ‘Smart’ ancient script research requires the support of a smart ancient script database. In order to compile the big data necessary for this smart research, smart ancient script database software must be able to recognize all aspects and all levels of all ancient script materials. Therefore, in addition to the integration of OCR functionality into this software, the other primary imperative moving forward is to innovate a new digitized ancient script data system, one that includes full-scale supplementation to include all available materials, as well as newly inputted image data. This data must include variant graphic forms, variant written forms, handwriting, graphic components, calligraphic styles, and other of the inexhaustible different variations in script construction. This database must contain a multi-level framework with an annotated arrangement of the fullest range of meanings for words within linguistic context. It must also contain a digitally integrated multiple-path indexed arrangement of the important paleographical interpretations in the field. Our strategy for the construction of this smart ancient script database is to push forward with both algorithm writing and data input work simultaneously and in mutual support, following an open-sourced community supported model, making this project an exercise in interdisciplinary collaboration within the paleography community.

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Washington, Jonathan North, Francis Morton Tyers, and Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu. "Multi-script morphological transducers and transcribers for seven Turkic languages." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 5, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v5i1.4783.

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This paper describes ongoing work to augment morphological transducers for seven Turkic languages with support for multiple scripts each, as well as preliminary work adding IPA transcription systems. Evaluation demonstrates that our approach yields coverage equivalent to or not much lower than that of the base transducers.

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Chambers, Morgan, Jeffrey Miller, Bruce Brod, and Jordan Lim. "Tele-dermatology Recruitment during COVID-19: An Application of Behavioral Economic Principles." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.4.4.

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In the ever-changing state of healthcare during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, our system has innovated rapidly using tele-dermatology in acute and chronic patient management. To combat barriers such as low patient enrollment, behavioral economics theories were implemented. Underlying principles in choice architecture, include choice inertia, the way in which humans favor the status quo; and choice overload, where humans fail to make an optimal choice when presented with multiple options. Using these theories, we modified support-staff scripts in our dermatology clinic used when rescheduling appointments. Our baseline script group allowed for patients to choose from a list of options whereas our improvement script applied behavioral economic principles and used tele-dermatology as the default. This quality improvement initiative was employed with the hypothesis that the “improvement” group would lead to an increase in tele-dermatology enrollment over an 8-week period. Our results are clinically significant and demonstrate the effect behavioral economics has on patient enrollment in tele-dermatology, which will serve as an asset during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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Jung, Dietrich. "Modern Muslim Subjectivities: Religion and Multiple Modernities within Islam." Numen 66, no. 4 (June 18, 2019): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341543.

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AbstractThis article presents the overarching theoretical framework and some tentative findings of the Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project (MMSP). It discusses some of its conceptual tools and presents strategies for studying the role of religion in modern Muslim subjectivity formation. The core rationale of this research program is to explore the role of religious traditions in the construction of modern forms of Muslim subjectivity and social order. It investigates the ways in which Muslims have imagined specifically Islamic modernities in combination with non-religious and globally relevant cultural scripts. In criticizing the alleged Western origin and secular nature of modernity, the MMSP aims at making original contributions both to conceptual discussions of modernity in the study of religions and to our knowledge of modern Muslim societies.

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Pothineni, Sudhir Babu, Nagarajan Venugopalan, Craig M. Ogata, Mark C. Hilgart, Sergey Stepanov, Ruslan Sanishvili, Michael Becker, et al. "Tightly integrated single- and multi-crystal data collection strategy calculation and parallelized data processing inJBluIcebeamline control system." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 6 (November 18, 2014): 1992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714022730.

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The calculation of single- and multi-crystal data collection strategies and a data processing pipeline have been tightly integrated into the macromolecular crystallographic data acquisition and beamline control softwareJBluIce. Both tasks employ wrapper scripts around existing crystallographic software.JBluIceexecutes scripts through a distributed resource management system to make efficient use of all available computing resources through parallel processing. TheJBluIcesingle-crystal data collection strategy feature uses a choice of strategy programs to help users rank sample crystals and collect data. The strategy results can be conveniently exported to a data collection run. TheJBluIcemulti-crystal strategy feature calculates a collection strategy to optimize coverage of reciprocal space in cases where incomplete data are available from previous samples. TheJBluIcedata processing runs simultaneously with data collection using a choice of data reduction wrappers for integration and scaling of newly collected data, with an option for merging with pre-existing data. Data are processed separately if collected from multiple sites on a crystal or from multiple crystals, then scaled and merged. Results from all strategy and processing calculations are displayed in relevant tabs ofJBluIce.

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Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne. "Cultural scripts for multiple and concurrent partnerships in southern Africa: why HIV prevention needs anthropology." Sexual Health 6, no. 2 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08032.

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Background: Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships have been identified as southern Africa’s key behavioural driver of HIV, resulting in calls to make partner reduction programming central to an intensified HIV prevention focus. Various efforts are currently being made in the region in response to this call. Such efforts will likely have as limited success as past prevention efforts if the cultural milieu in which sexual partnering practices are located and reproduced remains poorly understood, unaccounted for, and unaddressed in prevention programming. Methods: Focussed ethnographic discussions were held between October 2007 and November 2008 with 228 members of southern African non-government organisations representing seven countries. Discussions formed part of follow-up activities to a high level regional meeting and were aimed at exploring contextual factors in HIV transmission, most especially the role of culture in relation to multiple and concurrent partnerships. Results: Common patterns in cultural scripts for the performance of sexuality were discernable. Several predominant scripts that tend to affirm and lend cultural legitimacy to multiple and concurrent partnering were identified, discussed and analysed. Conclusion: Effectuating change at the level of cultural scripting to discourage multiple and concurrent partnerships is required for sustainable long-term protection of people and communities against HIV. The success of partner reduction programs will be largely determined by the extent to which they are informed by anthropological knowledge and work with cultural logics to allow people to envision how they can transform obstacles into support for risk reduction.

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Prasad, Gopal, Atul Kumar Singh, and Pawan Kumar. "A Multiple Feature based Novel Approach for Identification of Printed Indian Scripts at Word Level." International Journal of Computer Applications 85, no. 15 (January 16, 2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14916-3462.

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Stafford, Jane, and Steven Jay Lynn. "Cultural scripts, memories of childhood abuse, and multiple identities: A study of role-played enactments." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 50, no. 1 (January 2002): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207140208410091.

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Zavala, Julia, and Deanna Kuhn. "Solitary Discourse Is a Productive Activity." Psychological Science 28, no. 5 (March 13, 2017): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616689248.

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Young adults received information regarding the platforms of two candidates for mayor of a troubled city. Half constructed a dialogue between advocates of the candidates, and the other half wrote an essay evaluating the candidates’ merits. Both groups then wrote a script for a TV spot favoring their preferred candidate. Results supported our hypothesis that the dialogic task would lead to deeper, more comprehensive processing of the two positions, and hence a richer representation of them. The TV scripts of the dialogue group included more references to city problems, candidates’ proposed actions, and links between them, as well as more criticisms of proposed actions and integrative judgments extending across multiple problems or proposed actions. Assessment of levels of epistemological understanding administered to the two groups after the writing tasks revealed that the dialogic group exhibited a lesser frequency of the absolutist position that knowledge consists of facts knowable with certainty. The potential of imagined interaction as a substitute for actual social exchange is considered.

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JINDAL, MANISH KUMAR, GURPREET SINGH LEHAL, and RAJENDRA KUMAR SHARMA. "ON SEGMENTATION OF TOUCHING CHARACTERS AND OVERLAPPING LINES IN DEGRADED PRINTED GURMUKHI SCRIPT." International Journal of Image and Graphics 09, no. 03 (July 2009): 321–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467809003460.

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Character segmentation plays a very important role in a text recognition system. The simple technique of using inter-character gap for segmentation is useful for fine printed documents, but this technique fails to give satisfactory results if the input text contains touching characters. In this paper, we have proposed two algorithms to segment touching characters, and one algorithm to segment overlapping lines in degraded printed Gurmukhi document. Various categories of touching characters in different zones, along with their solutions, have been proposed. The solution methodology extensively uses the structural properties of Gurmukhi script. The algorithm proposed for segmenting horizontally overlapping lines uses a heuristics based upon the height of a character. The problem of multiple horizontally overlapping lines may occur in a number of situations such as printed newspapers, old magazines and books etc. Similarity among Indian scripts allows us to use these algorithms for solving the segmentation problems in other Indian languages also.

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Kıyak, Yavuz Selim, Işıl İrem Budakoğlu, Serdar Kula, and Özlem Coşkun. "ContExtended Questions (CEQ) to Teach and Assess Clinical Reasoning: A New Variant of F-Type Testlets." Revista Española de Educación Médica 2, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/edumed.467921.

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This study introduces ContExtended Questions (CEQ), which is a tool both to teach and assess clinical reasoning particularly in the preclinical years, and the web-based program to implement. CEQ consists of text-based case-based multiple-choice questions that provide patient data in a fixed and predetermined sequence. It enables the examinees to develop and reshape their illness scripts by using feedback after every question. Feedback operates to transform the examinee’s failure into a “productive failure”. The preliminary results of the randomized controlled experiment of teaching clinical reasoning to preclinical students through CEQ is quite satisfactory. In the medical education literature, this would be the first time that students, who have no or very limited clinical experience, developed their illness scripts just by taking formative multiple-choice tests. The approach would be named “test-only learning”. The complete results of the experiment and then more experiments in other contexts and domains are necessary to establish a more powerful assessment tool and software. Furthermore, by changing the content of the questions, it is possible to use CEQ in every period of medical education and health professions education.

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Woydack, Johanna. "Language management and language work in a multilingual call center: An ethnographic case study." Revista Internacional de Organizaciones, no. 23 (July 17, 2019): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/rio23.79-105.

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Drawing on long-term ethnography and interviews, this paper investigates language work and language management in the context of a multilingual call center. It looks at how language issues are managed on a day-to-day basis, specifically in three areas that have been previously overlooked: i) the recruitment process for multilingual agents, ii) how agents are trained in language management, and iii) how their performance on the phone in multiple languages is evaluated and monitored. The paper re-examines the value of scripts, particularly in relation to knowledge management, challenging the idea that working language fluency on the phone is the principal skill required. Rather, the paper demonstrates that successful agents utilize a variety of skills which are learned with the help of scripts, concluding that ‘interactive professional’ rather than ‘language worker’ better describes the skill set required by agents for this work.

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Ellingson, Sally R., and David W. Fardo. "Automated quality control for genome wide association studies." F1000Research 5 (July 29, 2016): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9271.1.

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This paper provides details on the necessary steps to assess and control data in genome wide association studies (GWAS) using genotype information on a large number of genetic markers for large number of individuals. Due to varied study designs and genotyping platforms between multiple sites/projects as well as potential genotyping errors, it is important to ensure high quality data. Scripts and directions are provided to facilitate others in this process.

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Nehrbass, Kenneth. "Managing missionary identity in the digital age: How missionaries utilize digital media among multiple social groups." Missiology: An International Review 46, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829617748939.

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The way that missionaries manage their identities has changed significantly since the days they mailed out several printed newsletters a year to a small audience “back home.” The space for this negotiation of identity has moved from private to public; and the interlocutors who access these blogs, emails, and posts are no longer homogenous. This original research study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how missionaries avow the multiple layers of their identities in the digital age. I conclude that missionary updates are encoded along indexical “cultural scripts” that can be decoded idiosyncratically by various audiences.

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Zhu, Tiantian, Zhengqiu Weng, Lei Fu, and Linqi Ruan. "A Web Shell Detection Method Based on Multiview Feature Fusion." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 6274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186274.

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Web shell is a malicious script file that can harm web servers. Web shell is often used by intruders to perform a series of malicious operations on website servers, such as privilege escalation and sensitive information leakage. Existing web shell detection methods have some shortcomings, such as viewing a single network traffic behavior, using simple signature comparisons, and adopting easily bypassed regex matches. In view of the above deficiencies, a web shell detection method based on multiview feature fusion is proposed based on the PHP language web shell. Firstly, lexical features, syntactic features, and abstract features that can effectively represent the internal meaning of web shells from multiple levels are integrated and extracted. Secondly, the Fisher score is utilized to rank and filter the most representative features, according to the importance of each feature. Finally, an optimized support vector machine (SVM) is used to establish a model that can effectively distinguish between web shell and normal script. In large-scale experiments, the final classification accuracy of the model on 1056 web shells and 1056 benign web scripts reached 92.18%. The results also surpassed well-known web shell detection tools such as VirusTotal, ClamAV, LOKI, and CloudWalker, as well as the state-of-the-art web shell detectionmethods.

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Settle, Brett, David Otasek, John H. Morris, and Barry Demchak. "aMatReader: Importing adjacency matrices via Cytoscape Automation." F1000Research 7 (June 21, 2018): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15146.1.

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Adjacency matrices are useful for storing pairwise interaction data, such as correlations between gene pairs in a pathway or similarities between genes and conditions. The aMatReader app enables users to import one or multiple adjacency matrix files into Cytoscape, where each file represents an edge attribute in a network. Our goal was to import the diverse adjacency matrix formats produced by existing scripts and libraries written in R, MATLAB, and Python, and facilitate importing that data into Cytoscape. To accelerate the import process, aMatReader attempts to predict matrix import parameters by analyzing the first two lines of the file. We also exposed CyREST endpoints to allow researchers to import network matrix data directly into Cytoscape from their language of choice. Many analysis tools deal with networks in the form of an adjacency matrix, and exposing the aMatReader API to automation users enables scripts to transfer those networks directly into Cytoscape with little effort.

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Settle, Brett, David Otasek, John H. Morris, and Barry Demchak. "aMatReader: Importing adjacency matrices via Cytoscape Automation." F1000Research 7 (August 10, 2018): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15146.2.

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Adjacency matrices are useful for storing pairwise interaction data, such as correlations between gene pairs in a pathway or similarities between genes and conditions. The aMatReader app enables users to import one or multiple adjacency matrix files into Cytoscape, where each file represents an edge attribute in a network. Our goal was to import the diverse adjacency matrix formats produced by existing scripts and libraries written in R, MATLAB, and Python, and facilitate importing that data into Cytoscape. To accelerate the import process, aMatReader attempts to predict matrix import parameters by analyzing the first two lines of the file. We also exposed CyREST endpoints to allow researchers to import network matrix data directly into Cytoscape from their language of choice. Many analysis tools deal with networks in the form of an adjacency matrix, and exposing the aMatReader API to automation users enables scripts to transfer those networks directly into Cytoscape with little effort.

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Viollaz, Julie, Barney Long, Cao Tiến Trung, Josh Kempinski, Benjamin M. Rawson, Hoàng Xuân Quang, Nguyễn Ngọc Hiền, et al. "Using crime script analysis to understand wildlife poaching in Vietnam." Ambio 50, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): 1378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01498-3.

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AbstractPoaching can contribute to the failure of biodiversity conservation efforts and inflict diverse harms on human livelihoods. We applied crime script analysis to the case of snare poaching—an illegal hunting activity—in three Vietnamese protected areas. Our goal was to enhance the understanding about the opportunity structure underlying snare poaching to advance the suite of community-based crime prevention activities. We analyzed crime scripts for three types of poachers across nine stages of the poaching process using expert-based elicitation with 13 workshop participants in Vinh, Vietnam, 2018. Five stages were similar, clustered toward the early stages, and two were different, clustered around middle crime stages. Analysis produced systematic crime-specific insight about the procedural aspects and requirements for poaching from preparation to hunt to selling one’s catch. Stages identify multiple entry points to apply prevention techniques and match techniques with different types of snare poaching or poachers. Although this research focused on protected areas, the interdisciplinary approach applied herein may be adapted to other conservation contexts.

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Smith, Simon. "Multiple temporalities of knowing in academic research." Social Science Information 54, no. 2 (February 16, 2015): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414566421.

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Based on ethnographic research at five Czech universities from 2011 to 2013, this article explores how academics make sense of and claims to three qualitatively distinct temporal regimes in which their activities as knowledge producers are inscribed: disciplinary time, career time and project time. This conceptual framework, a modification of Shinn’s distinction between disciplinary, transitory and transversal knowledge-production regimes, seeks to replace images of competition and succession between regimes with images of their recombination and intersection. It enables an interpretation of the empirical findings beyond the indigenous complaint that excessive speed is compromising the quality of knowledge production. The relationship between projects, careers and disciplines emerges from the study as problematic rather than synergistic. In this respect the paper does not contradict the claim by critical theorists that we are witnessing the disintegration of what used to be a functional relationship between the multiple temporalities of academic knowledge production based on standardized career scripts, nor the related claim that this may reflect a deeper crisis of modernity as a predictive regime for the production of futures. It proposes, however, that transversal projects can still be mediators of ‘disciplinary respiration’ insofar as their timeframes are available for variable calibration commensurate with the increasingly heteronomous ways of knowing and knowledge routines that academic researchers practise.

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Nam, Seo, A. de la Mata, and James Harynuk. "Automated Screening and Filtering Scripts for GC×GC-TOFMS Metabolomics Data." Separations 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8060084.

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex mixtures, and it is ideally suited to discovery studies where the entire sample is potentially of interest. Unfortunately, when unit mass resolution mass spectrometers are used, many detected compounds have spectra that do not match well with libraries. This could be due to the compound not being in the library, or the compound having a weak/nonexistent molecular ion cluster. While high-speed, high-resolution mass spectrometers, or ion sources with softer ionization than 70 eV electron impact (EI) may help with some of this, many GC×GC systems presently in use employ low-resolution mass spectrometers and 70 eV EI ionization. Scripting tools that apply filters to GC×GC-TOFMS data based on logical operations applied to spectral and/or retention data have been used previously for environmental and petroleum samples. This approach rapidly filters GC×GC-TOFMS peak tables (or raw data) and is available in software from multiple vendors. In this work, we present a series of scripts that have been developed to rapidly classify major groups of compounds that are of relevance to metabolomics studies including: fatty acid methyl esters, free fatty acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, amino acids, and carbohydrates.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple Scripts'

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