Academic literature on the topic 'Mutual integration'

The present dissertation focuses on the impact of the adoption of common European currency on trade of the eurozone countries. There have been several studies published on the subject of the possible euro's pro-trade impact on economies of the first eurozone participants, most of those studies use sample periods prior to 2003. This thesis contributes to the literature by adding six more years of eurozone data to 2011, capturing two further enlargements of the European Union and four eurozone expansions. The results of the models estimate the effect of common currency on trade to be insignificant. On the other hand, membership in the European Union proved to have significant and important trade enhancing effect of 13 % - 25 %.

The Swedish policy for integration has been accused of wrongly targeting only immigrants and therefore resembling assimilation. In this bachelor thesis I show that there seems to be a general understanding between academics and politicians of how integration should be achieved. If integration is the opposite of assimilation an integrated society has to be achieved trough mutual adaptation. The purpose of this thesis is to identify if the Swedish government design their policy for integration according to the idea of integration as mutual adaptation or not. A frame analysis is used to identify the de target populations in the Swedish strategy for integration. Through analysing the choice of target populations I conclude that the Swedish policy for integration does not fulfil the idea of integration as mutual adaptation. Another important conclusion is that there can be two different target populations for every policy, one tied to the causal story and one tied to the solution of the problem with integration.<br>Den svenska integrationspolitiken har anklagats för att felaktigt riktas mot endast invandrare och på så sätt mer likna assimilationspolitik. I den här kandidatuppsatsen visar jag att forskare och politiker på en övergripande nivå verkar vara överens om hur integration bör uppnås. Om integration är motsatsen till assimilation måste ett integrerat samhälle uppnås genom ömsesidig anpassning. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på om den svenska regeringen utformar sin integrationspolitik efter idén om integration som ömsesidig anpassning eller inte. Frameanalys används för att identifiera målgrupperna i den svenska strategin för integration. Genom att analysera valet av målgrupper drar jag slutsatsen att den svenska integrationspolitiken inte uppfyller idéen om integration som ömsesidig anpassning. En annan viktig slutsats är att det kan finnas två målgrupper för varje åtgärd, en knuten till orsaksförklaringen och en knuten till lösningen på problemet.

This thesis investigates financial integration, market efficiency, and financial contagion in frontier markets in order to evaluate the potentiality of portfolio diversification. The first essay evaluates Asian frontier and emerging equity markets’ regional and global integration using Gregory and Hansen co-integration tests and detrended cross correlation analysis (DCCA). The results suggest that Asian emerging markets show some evidence of integration with both regional and global markets. From Asian frontier markets, Pakistan is the only one with evidence of integration with both benchmarks. The second essay appraises weak form efficiency of frontier markets to investigate the global correlation and long-range dependence, applying mutual information and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). The results indicate that Slovenia is the only case where there is evidence compatible with weak form efficiency. The third essay investigates contagion from the US subprime financial crisis to frontier stock markets using Copula models to investigate dependence structures between US and frontier stock markets, before and during US subprime financial crisis. The results show that Croatia and Romania are the ones, most affected by the US subprime crisis. Subsequently, the forth essay investigates the contagion from both recent crises; US subprime financial crisis and European debt crisis to frontier stock market, applying DCCA correlation coefficients to investigate the linkage between crisis originating country stock markets (US and Greece) and those of frontier markets, to assess whether the correlation coefficients significantly increase with the crises. The results indicate that from US subprime crisis, European frontier markets are the ones most affected, followed by Middle Eastern markets. In case of European debt crisis (originated in Greece), the findings show that contagion effect is weaker in frontier markets; Ensaios sobre Mercados de Fronteira: Integração Financeira, Eficiência de Mercados, Contágio Financeiro Sumário: Esta tese investiga a integração financeira, eficiência de mercado e contágio financeiro nos chamados “mercados de fronteira”, a fim de avaliar o respetivo potencial de diversificação internacional de carteiras. O primeiro ensaio avalia a integração regional e global dos mercados de capitais emergentes e globais Asiáticos, sendo utilizados o teste de cointegração de Gregory e Hansen e a detrended cross correlation analysis (DCCA). Os resultados sugerem que os mercados emergentes asiáticos mostram algumas evidências de integração com os mercados regional e global. Dos mercados de fronteira asiática, o Paquistão é o único com evidências de integração com os dois benchmarks. O segundo ensaio avalia a eficiência da forma fraca dos mercados de fronteira para investigar a correlação global e a dependência longa, aplicando a informação mútua e a Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). Os resultados indicam que a Eslovénia é o único caso em que há evidências compatíveis com a hipótese d eficiência na forma fraca. O terceiro ensaio investiga o contágio da crise financeira subprime dos EUA para os mercados de fronteira, sendo usados modelos Copula para investigar as estruturas de dependência entre os mercados de ações dos EUA e os mercados de fronteira, antes e durante a crise financeira dos Estados Unidos. Os resultados mostram que a Croácia e a Roménia são os mercados mais afetados pela crise do subprime dos EUA. Posteriormente, o quarto ensaio investiga o contágio de ambas as crises recentes; crise financeira subprime dos EUA e crise da dívida europeia para os mercados de fronteira, aplicando coeficientes de correlação DCCA para investigar a ligação entre os mercados de ações de países EUA e Grécia e mercados de fronteira. Os resultados indicam que, relativamente à crise do subprime nos EUA, os mercados de fronteira europeus são os mais afetados, seguidos pelos mercados do Médio Oriente. Relativamente à crise da dívida soberana (originada na Grécia), os resultados mostram que o efeito de contágio é menor nos mercados de fronteira analisados.

La investigació ha posat de manifest que les iniciatives d'integració de treball i vida personal tenen efectes positius sobre la conciliació i sobre el benestar general dels empleats quan, a més del suport estructural, es tenen en compte altres variables. La cultura organitzacional ha estat identificada com un d'aquests factors clau per a la conciliació efectiva de treball i vida personal. Però per si sola aquesta variable cultural no dóna compte de la diversitat d'experiències de conciliació treball- vida a les organitzacions. Aquesta tesi parteix d'una constatació i d'una sospita: D'una banda, es basa en l'observació de l'existència de subgrups diferenciats dins d'una mateixa organització que poden adoptar posicions diferents pel que fa a determinats valors de la cultura general de l'organització. Per altra, s'inspira en la sospita que les subcultures organitzacionals són la dimensió oculta que permet explicar aquella multiplicitat d'experiències pel que fa a la conciliació. Se suposa que el nivell de suport a la integració de treball i vida personal varia entre subcultures, influint en la conciliació. Des d'un enfocament multinivell (organitzacional, interindividual i individual), s'ha estudiat el paper de les subcultures en la conciliació dels empleats de la seu central i de diverses delegacions d'una empresa espanyola del sector de les assegurances, que gestiona contingències d'accidents de treball i malalties professionals. Es van utilitzar diverses tècniques qualitatives de col · lecció de dades: recerca documental, grup de discussió (amb l'equip de recursos humans), 44 entrevistes semiestructurades en profunditat i observacions de camp. Els resultats mostren com els individus construeixen les seves experiències d'integració de vida laboral i personal dins de les subcultures i influenciats a més per factors contextuals macroeconòmics i legals. El model conceptual construït mitjançant la integració dels resultats posa de manifest que la subcultura organitzacional va tenir el major impacte en l'experiència de conciliació, en la consegüent gestió dels límits entre diferents facetes de la vida i en les estratègies d'afrontament utilitzades. Diversos nivells de context s'afegeixen a la complexitat dels fenòmens estudiats. El context nacional amb els seus supòsits bàsics, que abasten la ideologia del treball i la visió de gènere sobre la conciliació, van influir en les '"opcions" que tenien els empleats al voltant de la integració de la vida amb el treball. Així mateix, els contextos macro econòmics i jurídics i les característiques del treball van ser els factors contextuals que van orientar addicionalment les decisions dels individus. Els supervisors i companys de treball van tenir una influència directa en la integració de la vida laboral i personal, ja que van promoure els supòsits subculturals subjacents, influint en les estratègies dels individus mitjançant el nivell del suport mostrat i els permisos concedits. El nivell d'interdependència laboral i la possibilitat de coincidir durant les hores de treball van facilitar també les conductes de suport i les seves contràries exhibides pels supervisors i col · legues, posant en evidència la importància de les variables professionals i contextuals en l'estudi de la conciliació. Finalment, les persones van descriure la seva integració de treball- vida en funció de diversos nivells de context. D’aquesta manera, l'estudi de les subcultures i l'enfocament de múltiples nivells van permetre descobrir, més enllà de la resiliència individual i de l'avaluació positiva, barreres existents per a la integració de la vida laboral i personal en diferents nivells, aportant suggeriments per a futures investigacions i intervencions.<br>La investigación ha puesto de manifiesto que las iniciativas de integración de trabajo y vida personal tienen efectos positivos sobre la conciliación y sobre el bienestar general de los empleados cuando, además del apoyo estructural, se tienen en cuenta otras variables. La cultura organizacional ha sido identificada como uno de estos factores clave para la conciliación efectiva de trabajo y vida personal. Pero por si sola esta variable cultural no da cuenta de la diversidad de experiencias de conciliación trabajo-vida en las organizaciones. Esta tesis parte de una constatación y de una sospecha: Por una parte, se basa en la observación de la existencia de subgrupos diferenciados dentro de una misma organización que pueden adoptar posiciones distintas con respecto a determinados valores de la cultura general de la organización. Por otra, se inspira en la sospecha de que las subculturas organizacionales son la dimensión oculta que permite explicar aquella multiplicidad de experiencias en cuanto a la conciliación. Se supone que el nivel de apoyo a la integración de trabajo y vida personal varía entre subculturas influyendo en la conciliación. Desde un enfoque multinivel (organizacional, interindividual e individual), se ha estudiado el papel de las subculturas en la conciliación de los empleados de la sede central y de diversas delegaciones de una empresa española del sector de los seguros, que gestiona contingencias de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales. Se utilizaron diversas técnicas cualitativas de colección de datos: investigación documental, grupo de discusión (con el equipo de recursos humanos), 44 entrevistas semi-estructuradas en profundidad y observaciones de campo. Los resultados muestran cómo los individuos construyen sus experiencias de integración de vida laboral y personal dentro de las subculturas e influenciados además por factores contextuales macroeconómicos y legales. El modelo conceptual construido mediante la integración de los resultados pone de manifiesto que la subcultura organizacional tuvo el mayor impacto en la experiencia de conciliación, en la consiguiente gestión de los límites entre diferentes facetas de la vida y en las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas. Varios niveles de contexto se añaden a la complejidad de los fenómenos estudiados. El contexto nacional con sus supuestos básicos, que abarcan la ideología del trabajo y la visión de género sobre la conciliación, influyeron en las '"opciones" que tenían los empleados en torno a la integración de la vida con el trabajo. Asimismo, los contextos macro económicos y jurídicos y las características del trabajo fueron los factores contextuales que orientaron adicionalmente las decisiones de los individuos. Los supervisores y compañeros de trabajo tuvieron una influencia directa en la integración de la vida laboral y personal, ya que promovieron los supuestos subculturales subyacentes, influyendo en las estrategias de los individuos mediante el nivel del apoyo mostrado y los permisos concedidos. El nivel de interdependencia laboral y la posibilidad de coincidir durante las horas de trabajo, facilitaron también las conductas de apoyo y sus contrarias exhibidas por los supervisores y colegas, poniendo en evidencia la importancia de las variables profesionales y contextuales en el estudio de la conciliación. Finalmente, las personas describieron su integración de trabajo-vida en función de diversos niveles de contexto. De este modo, el estudio de las subculturas y el enfoque de múltiples niveles permitió descubrir, más allá de la resiliencia individual y de la evaluación positiva, barreras existentes para la integración de la vida laboral y personal en diferentes niveles, aportando sugerencias para futuras investigaciones e intervenciones.<br>Research in the work-life field has shown that work-life initiatives positively affect employees’ integration attempts and overall well-being, when other variables, beyond structural support, are considered. Culture has been identified as a key factor for employees’ work-life integration. However, even with organizational culture considered, research still falls short on being able to explain the variance in the experience of work-life balance in organizations. This thesis combines a confirmatory and exploratory approach. On one hand, it is known that within one organization there can exist various subgroups that share the same values and behaviors, which can differ or even oppose the organizational culture. On the other hand, we suspect that organizational subcultures are the missing dimension that allows understanding the vast array of work-life experiences. We suppose that the level of work-life support can vary within subcultures and thus influence employees’ work-life integration. This thesis adopted a multi-level approach (organizational, interindividual and individual) to study the role of subcultures in employees’ work-life balance in the headquarters and various branches of an insurance non-profit Spanish organization, administrating contingencies of work-related accidents and illnesses. Multiple sources of data collection were used to compile evidence, including archival research, a focus group (with the HR team), 44 in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations. The results show how individuals construct their work-life integration experiences within subcultures, also when influenced by different contextual macroeconomic and legal factors. The conceptual model constructed through the integration of these results shows that the immediate subculture had the strongest impact on the work-life experience and consequent boundary management and coping strategies used. Various layers of context added to the complexity of the studied phenomenon. National context with its assumptions, encompassing the ideology of work and the gendered view of work-life issues, affected employees’ “choices” around work-life integration. The macro economic and legal contexts and job characteristics represented the contextual factors that further directed individuals’ decisions. Supervisors and colleagues had a direct influence on work-life integration as they enacted the existing subcultural assumptions, directing individuals’ work-life strategies by their supportive behaviors and allowance decisions. The level of job interdependence and possibility to coincide during working hours, further influenced supportive and unsupportive behaviours exhibited by supervisor and colleagues, emphasizing the importance of occupational and other contextual variables, when studying work-life issues. Finally, individuals described their experience of work-life integration in function of multiple layers of context. This way, additionally to individual resilience and positive assessment, the study of subcultures and the multi-layered approach allowed uncovering existing barriers for work-life integration at different levels, providing suggestions for future research and practice.

Le contentieux du mandat d’arrêt européen offre un éclairage sur la conciliation entre le respect des droits fondamentaux et l’effectivité de l’outil de coopération pénale européenne par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne. L’articulation de ces impératifs contradictoires, néanmoins caractéristiques de la coopération pénale européenne, révèle les résistances à l’émergence d’un espace pénal européen. Après avoir opéré un premier travail de conciliation des intérêts en présence, la Cour devra dépasser ces contradictions pour mettre ce contentieux au service du processus d’intégration pénale européenne. Dans un contexte de crise des valeurs, ce contentieux, tantôt outil de résistance tantôt matériau résilient à la construction d’une Europe pénale, confère au juge un rôle déterminant dans la conduite de la politique pénale européenne. En effet, en répondant aux velléités souverainistes au moyen des principes de reconnaissance mutuelle et de confiance mutuelle, il contribue à la réalisation de l’objectif de rapprochement des législations pénales nationales imposé par les Traités. Le juge participe également au renforcement de la protection des droits fondamentaux par l’Union européenne et cristallise les prémices d’une harmonisation pénale européenne<br>The litigation of the European arrest warrant sheds light on the reconciliation between respect for fundamental rights and the effectiveness of the European criminal cooperation instrument by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The articulation of these contradictory imperatives, which are nevertheless characteristic of European criminal cooperation, reveals resistance to the emergence of a European criminal area. After having carried out an initial work of reconciling the interests involved, the Court will have to overcome these contradictions in order to put this litigation at the service of the European criminal integration process. In a context of a crisis of values, this litigation, sometimes a tool of resistance and sometimes a resilient material for the construction of a criminal Europe, gives the judge a decisive role in the conduct of European criminal policy. Indeed, by responding to sovereignist impulses through the principles of mutual recognition and mutual trust, it contributes to the achievement of the objective of approximating national criminal legislation imposed by the Treaties. The judge also contributes to the strengthening of the protection of fundamental rights by the European Union and crystallizes the foundations of European criminal harmonisation

Los sensores M/NEMS resonantes, gracias a su pequeño tamaño, a su bajo consumo y a su carácter quasi-digital (siendo generalmente la señal de salida un tono frecuencial), se han convertido en herramientas muy usadas en sistemas embebidos portátiles y de a bordo tales como en telefonía móvil (es decir, en smartphones) o en la industria aeroespacial. Sin embargo, dichos sensores sufren desajustes provenientes de perturbaciones del entono que les rodea y, a pesar de la posibilidad de disminuir tales efectos mediante el uso de diferentes técnicas, en según qué escenarios, es imperativo el uso de arquitecturas diferenciales para remover tales desajustes y así asegurar un correcto y fiable funcionamiento incluso en los entornos más severos en cuanto a perturbaciones. En esta tesis se estudia una novedosa técnica de medida diferencial, que consiste en sincronizar dos resonadores, uno siendo una referencia y el otro actuando como sensor. Ambos resonadores oscilan a la misma frecuencia estando en un mismo lazo realimentado. Cuando se produce un desajuste entre ambos, procedente de la magnitud física a medir, se genera un desfase. Tal desfase permite teóricamente capturar la magnitud física a medir totalmente libre de desajustes procedentes de perturbaciones externas. Además, esta técnica es fácilmente integrable, lo cual la hace un candidato prometedor para su futura integración a gran escala. Después del estudio del marco teórico de la sincronización de resonadores, varias directrices se plantean para el diseño de tal arquitectura, las cuales se usan para realizar la fabricación de un prototipo para probar el concepto. Dicho prototipo se caracteriza experimentalmente y se comprara con los resultados teóricos calculados inicialmente, mostrando muy buen ajuste, con una mejora de la sensibilidad del orden del factor de calidad Q de los resonadores MEMS, y un thermal drift rejection ratio del orden de 200.<br>M/NEMS resonant sensors, due to their small size, consumption and quasi-digital output (a frequency most of the time) are useful tools for on-board systems, from smartphones to aeronautic technology. However, they suffer from environmental drifts, and even though the effect of these drifts can be limited by the design, it is sometimes necessary to use differential architectures to properly remove the drifts from the measurements and ensure the output reliability even in harsh environments. In this work, a special technique for differential measurement is studied and implemented, consisting in the synchronization of two resonators, one reference and one sensor. Placed in a single feedback loop, they oscillate at the same frequency and eventual phase shift when the physical quantity to be sensed is applied. This phase shift is a theoretically drift-free way to measure this physical quantity. This technique also benefits from its ease of integration, making it a good candidate for large scale integration. After studying the theoretical framework of the synchronization of two resonators, several design guidelines are found for the architecture, which are used in the fabrication of a proof of concept. The theoretical performances are found as well, and compared to the experimental ones. A very good agreement is found between experiment and theory, with a sensitivity enhancement of the order of the MEMS resonators quality factor, and a thermal drift rejection ratio of the order of 200.

The main objectives of the study was to determine the exclusivity of the objectives of the regional groupings within the SADC region and to assess the impact that membership overlaps has on the realization of specific regional grouping objectives.A qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured in-depth expert interviews were used to determine the issues arising from regional membership overlaps in the SADC region.Due to limited literature around the subject of regional integration in the SADC region, work done by my supervisor Dr Jannie Rossouw were cited in some instances.Recent developments in the Western economies that have resulted in the refocusing of the SADC region have resulted in polarization amongst the regional groupings in Africa. Furthermore, existing regional groupings within the Southern Africa, have endenvoured on an ambitious regional integration agenda which has resulted in membership overlaps within the existing regional bodies. The study found that these regional overlaps are costing the affected member states in the form of monetary subscription and through the deployment of the rare human skilled resources to regional secretariats. The advent of the European Partnership Agreements has caused polarization within the SADC region through the signing of various bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements. Most importantly, this study found that structural overlaps exist within SADC itself. A lack of sufficient political will amongst SADC member states was also noted as an impediment to regional integration.However, the study also noted some positive performances of existing regional grouping despite membership overlaps. The Common Monetary Area was highlighted as a grouping that was performing in line with prescribed regional integration convergence indicators.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>Unrestricted

<p> Given the intolerance of homosexuality in many religions and religious communities, particularly Muslim American communities, many LGBTQ-identified individuals who grow up in Muslim families and societies struggle with the two oft perceived incompatible identities. Numerous researchers have examined this phenomenon among Christian and Jewish gay men in the United States, but minimal research has addressed men who identify as gay and Muslim. These individuals face an even greater risk of psychological and physical harm due to the cultural and religious proscriptions that gay Muslims face and the lack of social and psychological resources available to them. By further examining how gay Muslim men cope with their sexual and religious identities, and how personal traits, experiences, and situations mitigate or enhance the conflict that many experience, my intent with this study was to contribute to the nascent psychological framework that mental health providers, especially therapists, could access when working with clients who identify as gay and Muslim. Using a social constructionist paradigm and thematic analysis, the lived experiences, attitudes, and beliefs of nine men all of whom are between the ages of 24 and 35, were raised in Muslim families, and are attracted to other men were examined in this qualitative study. The analysis of the interviews focused on religion, sexuality, identity negotiation, relationships, and mental health. Particular efforts were invested in looking at how the participants negotiate their religious and sexual identity development and, if present, how they resolve their identity conflict. The majority of the participants rejected their Muslim identities with a few participants maintaining their Muslim and gay identities. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.</p>