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1
Kumari, Sangeeta, Raj Pal Singh, Nayaku N. Chavan, Shivendra V. Sahi, and Nilesh Sharma. "Characterization of a Novel Nanocomposite Film Based on Functionalized Chitosan–Pt–Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051275.
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The development of organic—inorganic hybrids or nanocomposite films is increasingly becoming attractive in light of their emerging applications. This research focuses on the formation of a unique nanocomposite film with enhanced elasticity suitable for many biomedical applications. The physical property measurement system and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze Pt–Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles. These nanohybrids exhibited magnetic effects. They were further exploited to prepare the nanocomposite films in conjunction with a chitosan-g–glycolic acid organic fraction. The nanocomposite films were then examined using standard techniques: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Tensile strength testing demonstrated a significantly greater elastic strength of these nanocomposite films than pure chitosan films. The water absorption behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated by measuring swelling degree. These nanocomposites were observed to have substantially improved physical properties. Such novel nanocomposites can be extended to various biomedical applications, which include drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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You, Yong, Siyi Chen, Shuang Yang, Lianjun Li, and Pan Wang. "Enhanced Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Nanocomposites Incorporated with BN/TiO2-Based Hybrids for Flexible Dielectrics." Polymers 15, no. 21 (2023): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214279.
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Outstanding high-temperature resistance, thermal stability, and dielectric properties are fundamental for dielectric materials used in harsh environments. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles are decorated on the surface of BN nanosheets by internal crosslinking between polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), forming three-dimensional novel nanohybrids with a rough surface. Then, an ether nitrile (PEN) matrix is introduced into the polyarylene to form polymer-based nanocomposite dielectric films. Meanwhile, the structure and micromorphology of the newly prepared nanohybrids, as well as the dielectric and thermal properties of PEN nanocomposites, are investigated in detail. The results indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles tightly attach to the surface of BN, creating a new nanohybrid that significantly enhances the comprehensive performance of PEN nanocomposites. Specifically, compared to pure PEN, the nanocomposite film with a nanofiller content of 40 wt% exhibited an 8 °C improvement in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and a 162% enhancement in the dielectric constant at 1 kHz. Moreover, the dielectric constant–temperature coefficient of the nanocomposite films remained below 5.1 × 10−4 °C−1 within the temperature range of 25–160 °C, demonstrating excellent thermal resistance. This work offers a method for preparing highly thermal-resistant dielectric nanocomposites suitable for application in elevated temperature environments.
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Kojuch, Luana Rodrigues, Keila Machado de Medeiros, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Hélio de Lucena Lira. "Obtaining of Polyamide 6.6 Plane Membrane Application in Oil-Water Separation." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.460.
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Nanocomposites are a class of materials formed by hybrids of organic and inorganic materials, where the inorganic phase is dispersed at the nanometer level in a polymeric matrix. Several polymers have been used as matrices for the preparation of polymer / clay nanocomposite, among which, polyamide 6.6, by presenting excellent chemical, thermal and mechanical. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent properties the point of view optical, electrical and barrier, and reduced flammability. In this research, micro-porous membranes were obtained from the polyamide 6.6/argila montmorillonite nanocomposite, in order to verify its application in the separation water / oil. The results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the obtained membranes have a dense layer and a porous layer, and that after the test oil-water separation was observed that the relative flow (J/J0) was greater in compositions with 3% clay, 1.5 bar pressure.
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Fu, Huei-Kuan, Shiao-Wei Kuo, Ding-Ru Yeh, and Feng-Chih Chang. "Properties Enhancement of PS Nanocomposites through the POSS Surfactants." Journal of Nanomaterials 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/739613.
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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-clay hybrids of polystyrene are prepared by two organically modified clays using POSS-NH2andC20-POSS as intercalated agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show the formation of these POSS/clay/PS nanocomposites in all cases with the disappearance of the peaks corresponding to the basal spacing of MMT. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the morphology of these nanocomposites and indicates that these nanocomposites are composed of a random dispersion of exfoliated clay platelets throughout the PS matrix. Incorporation of these exfoliated clay platelets into the PS matrix led to effectively increase in glass transition temperature(Tg), thermal decomposition temperature(Td), and the maximum reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is ca. 40% for theC20-POSS/clay nanocomposite.
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Mihai, Mihaela, and Minh-Tan Ton-That. "Novel bio-nanocomposite hybrids made from polylactide/nanoclay nanocomposites and short flax fibers." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 1 (2017): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717743293.
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This article aims to formulations and properties of novel hybrid biomaterials containing unique four-phase combinations of polylactide (PLA), nanoclays, flax fibers, and coupling agents. A PLA-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA- g-MA) masterbatch containing 10 wt% PLA- g-MA was obtained by reactive extrusion and was further used, after dilution, as a coupling agent. In addition, three PLA masterbatches containing 10 wt% of three different grades of nanoclays, one untreated nanoclay and two organonanoclays, were also compounded. In a subsequent extrusion step, the nanoclay masterbatches were diluted in PLA down to 4 and 2 wt% while simultaneously incorporating in each one 20 wt% of short flax fibers. Those bio-nanocomposites were compounded without and with an equivalent content of PLA- g-MA, that is, with 4 and 2 wt%, respectively, through the dilution of 10 wt% PLA- g-MA masterbatch. The effects of the nanoclay chemistries, PLA- g-MA, and of flax fibers presence on the properties of bio-nanocomposite hybrid materials were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, rheology, mechanical properties (tension, flexural, and Izod impact), and reprocess ability tests were used to characterize the bio-nanocomposite hybrid materials. In a second step, PLA- g-MA was replaced by an epoxy/styrene/acrylic copolymer for comparison purpose of their respective effect in bio-nanocomposite performances. Mechanical properties of bio-nanocomposites containing the second coupling agent were also evaluated. The effect of the epoxy/styrene/acrylic copolymer is discussed in comparison with the effect of PLA- g-MA.
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Kourtidou, Dimitra, Dimitrios Karfaridis, Thomas Kehagias, George Vourlias, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris, and Konstantinos Chrissafis. "Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets and Carbon Nanotubes in Biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate): Fillers’ Effect on the Matrix’s Structure and Lifetime." Polymers 15, no. 2 (2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020401.
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Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) nanocomposites reinforced with Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in situ synthesized in this work. PEF is a biobased polyester with physical properties and is the sustainable counterpart of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Its low crystallizability affects the processing of the material, limiting its use to packaging, films, and textile applications. The crystallization promotion and the reinforcement of PEF can lead to broadening its potential applications. Therefore, PEF nanocomposites reinforced with various loadings of GNPs, CNTs, and hybrids containing both fillers were prepared, and the effect of each filler on their structural characteristics was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology and structural properties of a hybrid PEF nanocomposite were evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The thermo-oxidative degradation, as well as lifetime predictions of PEF nanocomposites, in an ambient atmosphere, were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results showed that the fillers’ incorporation in the PEF matrix induced changes in the lamellar thickness and increased crystallinity up to 27%. TEM analysis indicated the formation of large CNTs aggregates in the case of the hybrid PEF nanocomposite as a result of the ultrasonication process. Finally, the presence of CNTs caused the retardation of PEF’s carbonization process. This led to a slightly longer lifetime under isothermal conditions at higher temperatures, while at ambient temperature the PEF nanocomposites’ lifetime is shorter, compared to neat PEF.
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Saber, Osama, Aya Osama, Nagih M. Shaalan, and Mostafa Osama. "Nanolayered Structures and Nanohybrids Based on a Ternary System Co/Ti/Zn for Production of Photo-Active Nanocomposites and Purification of Water Using Light." Nanomaterials 14, no. 1 (2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14010093.
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Water pollution has emerged as a major challenge for the scientific community because of the rapid expansion of the population and the industrial sector in the world. The current study focuses on introducing a new track for designing new optical nanocomposites for purifying water in addition to providing a new additive for building new nanohybrids. These targets were achieved through building a ternary system of Co/Ti/Zn nanocomposites and nanolayered structures. The Co/Ti/Zn nanolayered structures were prepared and intercalated by different kinds of organic acids: monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Long chains of organic acids were used to construct series of organic–inorganic nanohybrids. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanolayered structures and nanohybrids. The optical properties of the nanolayered structure showed that the Co/Ti/Zn LDH became photo-active compared with the usual Al/Zn LDH because of the reduction in the band gap energy from 5.3 eV to 3.3 eV. After thermal treatment, a highly photo-active nanocomposite was produced through observing more reduction for the band gap energy to become 2.8 eV. In addition, the dye of Acid Green 1 completely decomposed and converted to water and carbon dioxide during 17 min of UV radiation by the dual Co/Ti-doped zinc oxide nanocomposite. In addition, the kinetic study confirmed that the high optical activity of the dual Co/Ti-doped zinc oxide nanocomposite accelerated the degradation of the green dyes. Finally, from these results it could be concluded that designing effective nanocomposite for purification of water was accomplished through converting 2D nanolayered structures to a 3D porous structure of Ni/Ti/Zn nanocomposites. In addition, a new additive was achieved for heterostructured hybrids through building new Co/Ti/Zn/organic nanohybrids.
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Khalil, Khaled D., Sayed M. Riyadh, Nazeeha S. Alkayal, Ali H. Bashal, Khadijah H. Alharbi, and Walaa Alharbi. "Chitosan-Strontium Oxide Nanocomposite: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Potency in Thiadiazoles Synthesis." Polymers 14, no. 14 (2022): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142827.
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Recently, Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles (NPs) and hybrids outperformed older commercial catalysts in terms of catalytic performance. Herein, we present a microwave-assisted easy in situ solution casting approach for the manufacture of strontium oxide nanoparticles doped within a naturally occurring polymer, chitosan (CS), at varying weight percentages (2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% SrO/chitosan). To construct the new hybrid material as a thin film, the produced nanocomposite solutions were cast in petri dishes. The aim of the research was to synthesize these hybrid nanocomposites, characterize them, and evaluate their catalytic potential in a variety of organic processes. The strontium oxide-chitosan nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. All the results confirmed the formation of chitosan–strontium oxide nanocomposite. FTIR spectrum of nanocomposite showed the presence of a characteristic peak of Sr-O bond. Furthermore, XRD revealed that SrO treatment increased the crystallinity of chitosan. The particle size was calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula, and it was determined to be around 36 nm. The CS-SrO nanocomposite has been proven to be a highly efficient base promoter for the synthesis of 2-hydrazono [1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. To optimize the catalytic method, the reaction factors were investigated. The approach has various advantages, including higher reaction yields, shorter reaction durations, and milder reaction conditions, as well as the catalyst’s reusability for several applications.
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Alzraikat, H., MF Burrow, GA Maghaireh, and NA Taha. "Nanofilled Resin Composite Properties and Clinical Performance: A Review." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 4 (2018): E173—E190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-208-t.
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SUMMARY The aim of this review was to compile recent evidence related to nanofilled resin composite materials regarding the properties and clinical performance. Special attention was given to mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, abrasive wear, water sorption, and solubility. The clinical performance of nanocomposite materials compared with hybrid resin composites was also addressed in terms of retention and success rates, marginal adaptation, color match, and surface roughness. A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature (2003-2017) from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted using the terms “nanocomposites” or “nanofilled resin composite” and “clinical evaluation.” The list was screened, and 82 papers that were relevant to the objectives of this work were included in the review. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites are generally comparable to those of hybrid composites but higher than microfilled composites. Nanocomposites presented lower abrasive wear than hybrids but higher sorption values. Their clinical performance was comparable to that of hybrid composites.
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Min, Chunying, Zengbao He, Haojie Song, et al. "Fabrication of Novel CeO2/GO/CNTs Ternary Nanocomposites with Enhanced Tribological Performance." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010170.
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Increasing demands of multi-functional lubricant materials with well distributed nanoparticles has been generated in the field of oil lubrication. In this study, one-dimensional (1-D) acidified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional (2-D) graphene oxide (GO) sheets were dispersed together under an ultra-sonication condition to form CNTs/GO hybrids and the corresponding CNTs/GO hybrids decorated with uniform zero-dimensional (0-D) cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The tribological performance of CeO2/CNTs/GO ternary nanocomposite was systematically investigated using a MS-T3000 ball-on-disk tester. The results demonstrated that CeO2/GO/CNTs nanocomposites can effectively reduce the friction of sliding pairs in paraffin oil. Moreover, the oil with 1 wt% of CeO2/GO/CNTs exhibited the best lubrication properties with the lowest friction coefficient and wear scar diameters (WSD) compared with adding only GO nanosheet, CeO2, and CeO2/CNTs hybrid nanocomposite as lubricant additives. It is concluded that due to the synergistic effect of 0D CeO2, 1D CNTs, and 2D GO during sliding process, a dimensionally mixed CeO2/GO/CNTs nanocomposite exhibits excellent lubricating properties, providing innovative and effective additives for application in the field of lubrication.
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Zhang, Mi, Yu Gao, Yixing Zhan, Xiaoqing Ding, Ming Wang, and Xinlong Wang. "Preparing the Degradable, Flame-Retardant and Low Dielectric Constant Nanocomposites for Flexible and Miniaturized Electronics with Poly(lactic acid), Nano ZIF-8@GO and Resorcinol Di(phenyl phosphate)." Materials 11, no. 9 (2018): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091756.
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Degradable, flame retardant, and flexible nanocomposite films with low dielectric constant were prepared with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), nano ZIF-8@GO, and degradable flame-retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP). The SEM results of the fractured surfaces indicated that ZIF-8@GO and RDP were dispersed uniformly in the PLA matrix. The prepared films had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of the film with 1.5 wt% of ZIF-8@GO was increased to 48.2 MPa, compared with 38.5 MPa of pure PLA. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite films were flexible due to the toughing effect of RDP. Moreover, above 27.0% of limited oxygen index (LOI) and a VTM-0 rating were achieved for the nanocomposite films. The effects of nano ZIF-8@GO hybrids and RDP on the dielectric properties were investigated, and the results showed that ZIF-8@GO and RDP were beneficial in reducing the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanocomposites.
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Liao, Chengzhu, Yuchao Li, and Sie Chin Tjong. "Antibacterial Activities of Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites with Silver Nanoparticles and/or Graphene Oxide Sheets." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (2019): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081102.
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Aliphatic polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) copolymers have been widely used as biomaterials for tissue engineering applications including: bone fixation devices, bone scaffolds, and wound dressings in orthopedics. However, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters are prone to bacterial infections due to the lack of antibacterial moieties in their macromolecular chains. In this respect, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), graphene oxide (GO) sheets and AgNPs-GO hybrids can be used as reinforcing nanofillers for aliphatic polyesters in forming antimicrobial nanocomposites. However, polymeric matrix materials immobilize nanofillers to a large extent so that they cannot penetrate bacterial membrane into cytoplasm as in the case of colloidal nanoparticles or nanosheets. Accordingly, loaded GO sheets of aliphatic polyester nanocomposites have lost their antibacterial functions such as nanoknife cutting, blanket wrapping and membrane phospholipid extraction. In contrast, AgNPs fillers of polyester nanocomposites can release silver ions for destroying bacterial cells. Thus, AgNPs fillers are more effective than loaded GO sheets of polyester nanocomposiites in inhibiting bacterial infections. Aliphatic polyester nanocomposites with AgNPs and AgNPs-GO fillers are effective to kill multi-drug resistant bacteria that cause medical device-related infections.
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Shireesha, Konda, Thida Rakesh Kumar, Tumarada Rajani, et al. "Novel NiMgOH-rGO-Based Nanostructured Hybrids for Electrochemical Energy Storage Supercapacitor Applications: Effect of Reducing Agents." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091144.
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This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites made using a chemical co-precipitation technique with various reducing agents (e.g., NaOH and NH4OH) and reduced graphene oxide at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 percent by weight. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a particle size analyzer, and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the composite materials. The formation of the NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposite with crystallite sizes in the range of 10–40 nm was inferred by X-ray diffraction patterns of materials, which suggested interlayers of Ni(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2. The interactions between the molecules were detected using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, while optical properties were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy. A uniform average particle size distribution in the range of 1–100 nm was confirmed by the particle size analyzer. Using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements in a 6 M KOH solution, the electrochemical execution of NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites was investigated. At a 1 A/g current density, the NiMgOH-rGO nanocomposites prepared with NH4OH as a reducing agent had a higher specific capacitance of 1977 F/g. The electrochemical studies confirmed that combining rGO with NiMgOH increased conductivity.
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Sarigamala, Karthik Kiran, Shobha Shukla, Alexander Struck, and Sumit Saxena. "Graphene-Based Coronal Hybrids for Enhanced Energy Storage." Energy Material Advances 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/7273851.
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Functional materials with designer morphologies are anticipated to be the next generation materials for energy storage applications. In this manuscript, we have developed a holistic approach to enhance the surface area and hence the properties of nanostructures by synthesizing coronal nanohybrids of graphene. These nanohybrids provide distinctive advantages in terms of performance and stability over vertically stacked nanocomposites reported in literature. Various double hydroxide materials self-assembled as coronal lamellae on graphene shells have been synthesized and systematically studied. These coronal nanohybrids result in about a threefold increase in energy storage capacity as compared to their traditionally synthesized nanocomposite counterparts. The 3D graphene-based nanofibrils in the synthesized coronal nanohybrids provide mechanical support and connect the nodes of the double hydroxide lattices to inhibit restacking. Complex morphologies such as coronal nanostructures increase the interaction surface of the nanostructure significantly. Such an approach is also expected to bring a paradigm shift in development of functional materials for various applications such as sensors, energy storage, and catalysis.
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Kumar, Vineet, Md Najib Alam, Amutheesan Manikkavel, Minseok Song, Dong-Joo Lee, and Sang-Shin Park. "Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142322.
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Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.
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Joel, Edith Flora, and Galina Lujanienė. "Progress in Graphene Oxide Hybrids for Environmental Applications." Environments 9, no. 12 (2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9120153.
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Graphene-oxide-based metal hybrids (GM) are used for the rapid and efficient reduction and removal of toxic adulterants in the environment. The exceptionally high specific surface area, versatile surface chemistry, and exceptional customization efficiency of graphene oxide nanosheets combined with the adaptable chemistry of metal nanoparticles enable the formation of GM hybrid nanocomposites. However, little is known about the architecture of GM nanocomposite engineering, interaction mechanisms, and environmental compatibility. This review aims to describe the environmental performance of graphene oxide–metal hybrids for the removal of environmental pollutants, carbon capture, EMI shielding efficiency, and microbial elimination of engineered graphene oxide composites anchored with metal particles. We also developed an essential link between the material properties of GM nanohybrids and their performance, which identified the fundamental parameters that influence the contaminant removal capability and EMI resistance efficiency. The influence of the thermodynamic parameters of GM on the adsorption of radioisotopes, heavy metals, organic pollutants, and dyes was considered. Finally, we comment on the remaining challenges and provide suggestions for future developments in this field.
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Kurc, Beata, Marita Pigłowska, Łukasz Rymaniak, and Paweł Fuć. "Modern Nanocomposites and Hybrids as Electrode Materials Used in Energy Carriers." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020538.
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Over the past decades, the application of new hybrid materials in energy storage systems has seen significant development. The efforts have been made to improve electrochemical performance, cyclic stability, and cell life. To achieve this, attempts have been made to modify existing electrode materials. This was achieved by using nano-scale materials. A reduction of size enabled an obtainment of changes of conductivity, efficient energy storage and/or conversion (better kinetics), emergence of superparamagnetism, and the enhancement of optical properties, resulting in better electrochemical performance. The design of hybrid heterostructures enabled taking full advantage of each component, synergistic effect, and interaction between components, resulting in better cycle stability and conductivity. Nowadays, nanocomposite has ended up one of the foremost prevalent materials with potential applications in batteries, flexible cells, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, and photocatalysis. The main goal of this review is to highlight a new progress of different hybrid materials, nanocomposites (also polymeric) used in lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion (NIBs) cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, and fuel cells and their electrochemical performance.
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Shojaie, Sahar, Ali Vahidifar, Ghasem Naderi, Elham Shokri, Tizazu H. Mekonnen, and Elnaz Esmizadeh. "Physical Hybrid of Nanographene/Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Agents of NR-Based Rubber Foam." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142346.
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Natural rubber (NR) foams reinforced by a physical hybrid of nanographene/carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a two-roll mill and compression molding process. The effects of nanographene (GNS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were investigated on the curing behavior, foam morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of the NR nanocomposite foams. Microscope investigations showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid fillers acted as nucleation agents and increased the cell density and decreased the cell size and wall thickness. Simultaneously, the cell size distribution became narrower, containing more uniform multiple closed-cell pores. The rheometric results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrids accelerated the curing process and decreased the scorch time from 6.81 to 5.08 min and the curing time from 14.3 to 11.12 min. Other results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid improved the foam’s curing behavior. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites at 5 wt.% and 50 wt.% weight loss increased from 407 °C to 414 °C and from 339 °C to 346 °C, respectively, and the residual ash increased from 5.7 wt.% to 12.23 wt.% with increasing hybrid nanofiller content. As the amount of the GNS/CNT hybrids increased in the rubber matrix, the modulus also increased, and the Tg increased slightly from −45.77 °C to −38.69 °C. The mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposite foams, including the hardness, resilience, and compression, were also improved by incorporating GNS/CNT hybrid fillers. Overall, the incorporation of the nano hybrid fillers elevated the desirable properties of the rubber foam.
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Čech Barabaszová, Karla, Sylva Holešová, Kateřina Šulcová, Marianna Hundáková, and Barbora Thomasová. "Effects of Ultrasound on Zinc Oxide/Vermiculite/Chlorhexidine Nanocomposite Preparation and Their Antibacterial Activity." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (2019): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091309.
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Microbial infection and biofilm formation are both problems associated with medical implants and devices. In recent years, hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites based on clay minerals have attracted significant attention due to their application potential in the field of antimicrobial materials. Organic drug/metal oxide hybrids exhibit improved antimicrobial activity, and intercalating the above materials into the interlayer of clay endows a long-term and controlled-release behavior. Since antimicrobial activity is strongly related to the structure of the material, ultrasonic treatment appears to be a suitable method for the synthesis of these materials as it can well control particle size distribution and morphology. This study aims to prepare novel, structurally stable, and highly antimicrobial nanocomposites based on zinc oxide/vermiculite/chlorhexidine. The influence of ultrasonic treatment at different time intervals and under different intercalation conditions (ultrasonic action in a breaker or in a Roset’s vessel) on the structure, morphology, and particle size of prepared hybrid nanocomposite materials was evaluated by the following methods: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, carbon phase analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, specific surface area measurement, particle size analysis, and Zeta potential analysis. Particle size analyses confirmed that the ultrasonic method contributes to the reduction of particle size, and to their homogenization/arrangement. Further, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that ultrasound intercalation in a beaker helps to more efficiently intercalate chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CH) into the vermiculite interlayer space, while a Roset’s vessel contributed to the attachment of the CH molecules to the vermiculite surface. The antibacterial activity of hybrid nanocomposite materials was investigated on Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) bacterial strains by finding the minimum inhibitory concentration. All hybrid nanocomposite materials prepared by ultrasound methods showed high antimicrobial activity after 30 min, with a long-lasting effect and without being affected by the concentration of the antibacterial components zinc oxide (ZnO) and CH. The benefits of the samples prepared by ultrasonic methods are the rapid onset of an antimicrobial effect and its long-term duration.
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Bhattacharya, Mithun, Madhuchhanda Maiti, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Influence of Different Nanofillers and their Dispersion Methods on the Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 5 (2008): 782–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548232.
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Abstract The effects of varying morphological and chemical constitution of nanofillers and various dispersion methods on natural rubber nanocomposites prepared by conventional processing techniques were determined by incorporating various nanofillers like montmorillonite, sepiolite (SP), hectorite, carbon nanofiber (F) and expanded graphite. When compared with the gum, SP filled (4 phr) nanocomposite exhibited an increment of 26% in the modulus and F (6phr) increased the tear strength by 18%, over the gum. Nanofiller dispersion was enhanced by various compatibilization and dispersion techniques which helped SP introduce 56 and F 113% increment in the modulus of the nanocomposites, over the gum rubber vulcanizate. It also rendered 28% improvement in the tear strength of F filled system. Deeper insights into the material properties were obtained through dynamic mechanical and swelling studies. Property-morphology correlation of the hybrids was performed through X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Surface energy (SE) studies exhibited that the higher surface energy of SP (38 mJ/m2) and F (44 mJ/m2) than the rubber (35 mJ/m2) ensured necessary wetting and hence was responsible for improvement of the properties. Using SE, cleavage energy and work of adhesion data, a new mechanism based on adsorption followed by shear of polymer-bound nanofillers was suggested.
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Hong, Gwang-Wook, Sivalingam Ramesh, Joo-Hyung Kim, Hyeon-Ju Kim, and Ho-Saeng Lee. "Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Functionalized POSS-SiO2/TiO2 Hybrid Composites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (2015): 8048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11237.
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The mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and morphological properties of cellulose, an excellent natural biomaterial, can be improved by organic-inorganic hybrid composite methods. Based on the pristine properties of cellulose, the preparation of cellulose-metal oxide hybrid nanocomposites using a dispersion process of nanoparticles into the cellulose host matrix by traditionalmethods, has limitations. Recently, the functionalized cellulose-polymer-basedmaterials were considered to be an important class of high-performance materials, providing the synthesis of various functional hybrid nanocomposites using a sol-gel method. Transparent cellulose-POSS-amine-silica/titania hybrids were prepared by an in-situ sol-gel process in the presence of γ-aminopropyltrimethoxylsilane (γ-APTES). The methodology involves the formation of covalent bonding between the cellulose- POSS amine and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite material. An analysis of the synthesized hybrid material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the silica/titania nanoparticles were bonded covalently and dispersed uniformly into the cellulose-POSS amine matrix. In addition, biological properties of the cellulose-POSSsilica/titania hybrid material were examined using an antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus (F481072) and E.coli (ATCC35150) for the bacterial effect.
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Singh Rathore, Bharatraj, Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Perumal Panneerselvam, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ch-PANI-Fe2O3 Nanocomposite and Its Water Remediation Applications." Water 14, no. 22 (2022): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223615.
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Using the batch adsorption technique, an eco-friendly polymer composite made of chitosan, polyaniline, and iron (III) oxide was developed for removal of dye contamination from wastewater. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis), and thermogravimetric-derived thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) techniques were used to characterize the sample. According to EDX, the Ch-PANI-Fe2O3 hybrid composite has the following weight ratios: C 34.25%, N 0.48%, O 50.51%, and Fe 3.08%. The nanocomposite’s surface was rough with pleats, which was evident from the SEM and TEM images. This surface structure likely contributed to the nanocomposite’s higher dye adsorption rate (91.5%). According to SEM analysis, the proportion of Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the chitosan–polyaniline composite changed the hybrids’ morphology from granular to an irregular, globular-like structure, which was supported by EDX. The results demonstrated that this polymer matrix (chitosan-PANI-Fe2O3) nanocomposite can be employed as an adsorbent for the effective removal of methyl orange dye, as well as for the removal of dye contamination from wastewater with reusability.
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Liu, Lu, Wei Wang, Yongqian Shi, Libi Fu, Lulu Xu, and Bin Yu. "Electrostatic-Interaction-Driven Assembly of Binary Hybrids towards Fire-Safe Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020229.
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Manganese dioxide (MnO2), as a promising green material, has recently attracted considerable attention of researchers from various fields. In this work, a facile method was introduced to prepare binary hybrids by fabricating three-dimensional (3D) zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) cubes on two-dimensional (2D) MnO2 nanosheets towards excellent flame retardancy and toxic effluent elimination of epoxy (EP) resin. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the morphologies and structures of MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids were well characterized, implying the successful synthesis. Additionally, the morphological characterization indicated that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could achieve satisfactory interfacial interaction with the EP matrix and be well dispersed in nanocomposites. Cone calorimeter test suggested that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids effectively suppressed the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of EP nanocomposites, performing better than MnO2 or ZHS alone. Condensed-phase analysis revealed that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could promote the char density and graphitization degree of char residues and thereby successfully retard the permeation of oxygen and flammable gases. Moreover, through the analysis of gas phase, it can be concluded that MnO2@ZHS binary hybrids could efficiently suppress the production of toxic gases during the degradation of EP nanocomposites. This work implies that the construction of 2D/3D binary hybrids with an interfacial interaction is an effective way to fabricate high-performance flame retardants for EP.
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Singh, Sudhanshu, Deepshikha Rathore, and Umesh Kumar Dwivedi. "Metal Oxide Hybrids and their Polymer Nanocomposites with its Various Properties." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10-SPECIAL ISSUE (2019): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp10/20192893.
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Suvarli, Narmin, Max Frentzel, Jürgen Hubbuch, Iris Perner-Nochta, and Michael Wörner. "Synthesis of Spherical Nanoparticle Hybrids via Aerosol Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization and Their Bioconjugation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (2022): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030577.
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Hybrid nanomaterials possess the properties of both organic and inorganic components and find applications in various fields of research and technology. In this study, aerosol photopolymerization is used in combination with thiol-ene chemistry to produce silver poly(thio-ether) hybrid nanospheres. In aerosol photopolymerization, a spray solution of monomers is atomized, forming a droplet aerosol, which then polymerizes, producing spherical polymer nanoparticles. To produce silver poly(thio-ether) hybrids, silver nanoparticles were introduced to the spray solution. Diverse methods of stabilization were used to produce stable dispersions of silver nanoparticles to prevent their agglomeration before the photopolymerization process. Successfully stabilized silver nanoparticle dispersion in the spray solution subsequently formed nanocomposites with non-agglomerated silver nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix. Nanocomposite particles were analyzed via scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the degree of agglomeration of silver nanoparticles and their location inside the polymer spheres. The nanoparticle hybrids were then introduced onto various biofunctionalization reactions. A two-step bioconjugation process was developed involving the hybrid nanoparticles: (1) conjugation of (biotin)-maleimide to thiol-groups on the polymer network of the hybrids, and (2) biotin-streptavidin binding. The biofunctionalization with gold-nanoparticle-conjugates was carried out to confirm the reactivity of -SH groups on each conjugation step. Fluorescence-labeled biomolecules were conjugated to the spherical nanoparticle hybrids (applying the two-step bioconjugation process) verified by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy. The presented research offers an effective method of synthesis of smart systems that can further be used in biosensors and various other biomedical applications.
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Chernev, Georgi, Bisserka Samuneva, Petar Djambaski, Isabel Salvado, and Helena Fernandes. "Silica hybrid nanocomposites." Open Chemistry 4, no. 1 (2006): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11532-005-0006-9.
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AbstractIn this work we present experimental results about the formation, properties and structure of sol — gel silica based biocomposite containing Calcium alginate as an organic compound. Two different types of silicon precursors have been used in the synthesis: tetramethylortosilicate (TMOS) and ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS). The samples have been prepared at room temperature. The hybrids have been synthesized by replacing different quantitis of the inorganic precursor with alginate. The structure of the obtained hybrid materials has been studied by XRD, IR Spectroscopy, EDS, BET and AFM. The results proved that all samples are amorphous possessing a surface area from 70 to 290 m2/g. It has also been established by FT IR spectra that the hybrids containing TMOS display Van der Walls and Hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions between the organic and inorganic components. Strong chemical bonds between the inorganic and organic components in the samples with ETMS are present. A self-organized nanostructure has been observed by AFM. In the obtained hybrids the nanobuilding blocks average in size at about 8–14 nm for the particles.
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Al-Asbahi, Bandar. "Influence of SiO2/TiO2 Nanocomposite on the Optoelectronic Properties of PFO/MEH-PPV-Based OLED Devices." Polymers 10, no. 7 (2018): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070800.
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The influence of SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on poly(9,9′-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and various amounts of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) was investigated. Prior to the fabrication of the OLEDs on indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates, the hybrids of PFO/MEH-PPV, in the presence and absence of the SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites, were prepared via the solution blending technique. Improvement of the performances of the devices in the presence of the SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites was detected. The existence of the SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites led to better charge carrier injection and, thus, a significant reduction in the turn-on voltage of the devices. The enhancement of MEH-PPV electroluminescence peaks in the hybrids in the presence of SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites is not only a result of the Förster resonance energy transfer, but also of hole-electron recombination, which is of greater significance. Moreover, the existence of the SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites led to a shift of the CIE chromaticity coordinates of the devices.
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Patel, S., A. Bandyopadhyay, V. Vijaybaskar, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Preparation and Properties of New in-situ Acrylic Copolymer/Terpolymer- Clay Hybrid Nanocomposites." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 4 (2006): 820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547963.
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Abstract Acrylic copolymer- and 5% acrylic acid (AA) modified terpolymer-hybrids with unmodified montomorilonite clay (Cloisite Na) and organo-modified clay (Cloisite 10A) were synthesized by in-situ free radical bulk polymerization. Hybrid nanocomposites were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties. XRD results suggested polymer intercalation in both unmodified and organo-modified clay in the copolymer and terpolymer hybrids. AFM analysis further confirmed these results. Cloisite 10A hybrids and the terpolymeric nanocomposites demonstrated superior mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Terpolymer-clay hybrids with 9 wt% Cloisite 10A also showed higher thermal stability. The possible reasons for improvement of mechanical properties and thermal stability were discussed with reference to the structure and interaction.
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Alenazi, Mashal. "Synthesis of Nanocomposite Hybrids." IJIREEICE 4, no. 5 (2016): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice.2016.45119.
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Al-Saleh, Mohammed H., and Walaa H. Saadeh. "Hybrids of conductive polymer nanocomposites." Materials & Design (1980-2015) 52 (December 2013): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.072.
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Popova, Victoriya, Elena Dmitrienko, and Alexey Chubarov. "Magnetic Nanocomposites and Imprinted Polymers for Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 1 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010012.
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Magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) combine the features of magnetic nanoparticles and a second material, which provide distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. The magnetic core for nanocomposite synthesis is extensively used due to its high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), hyperthermia, and targeted drug and gene delivery by an external magnetic field. Numerous composing units exist, which leads to the outstanding application of composites. This review focuses on nucleic acid-based bioapplications of MNCs with polymeric, organic, inorganic, biomolecules, and bioinspared surface coating. In addition, different forms, such as core–shell, doping, multilayer, yolk–shell, and Janus-shaped hybrids, are discussed, and their unique properties are highlighted. The unique types of nanocomposites as magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) properties are presented. This review presents only the synthesis of MNCs using ready-made magnetic cores. These restrictions are associated with many materials, the quantitative and qualitative magnetic core composition, and synthesis procedures. This review aims to discuss the features of nucleic acid-based MNC information available to researchers in this field and guide them through some problems in the area, structure variation, and surface functionalization possibilities. The most recent advancements of MNCs and imprinted polymers in nucleic acid-based therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, biocatalytic, and biosensing are introduced.
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Kudryavtsev, Pavel, Oleg Figovsky, and Nikolai Kudryavtsev. "Advance in Nanocomposites Based on Hybrid Organo-Silicate Matrix." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.01.045.
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Jain, Priya, and Pravin P. Ingole. "Designing Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts Using Prussian Blue Analogue and Carbon Nanostructure Hybrids: Understanding the Role of Individual Components for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02138mtgabs.
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The incorporation and identification of active sites for OER and ORR is required for designing an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for low cost and high activity of electrochemical devices such as metal air batteries and regenerative fuel cells. In this work, we synthesized CoHCF/GO/f-CNT nanocomposite which showed excellent bi-functional activity with a low overvoltage of 0.8 V between the oxygen evolution reaction (E10 mA/cm 2) and the oxygen reduction reaction (E1/2). The specific functions of CoHCF and GO/f-CNT were described using hydrodynamic voltammetry measurements. For comparison, the pristine CoHCF and the composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CoHCF/f-CNT) and graphene oxide (CoHCF/GO) were also synthesized and thoroughly characterised for physico-chemical and electrochemical properties. It was observed that CoHCF itself had poor ORR activity which increased on addition of GO/f-CNT. Electrochemical analysis suggested that CoHCF is primarily responsible for the OER activity in nanocomposites. The carbon nanostructure, due to strong metal support interactions (SMSI) and electrical conductivity helped in maximising the utilization of PBA active sites on the surface along with acting like a co-catalyst for ORR. The nanoscale geometries of the PBA and GO/CNT further enhanced the metal support and charge transfer interactions, thereby enhancing the activity. The findings of this study provide an insight for developing more effective PBA based nanocomposites for bifunctional OER/ORR electrocatalysis.
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Maiti, Pralay, and Jaya P. Prakash Yadav. "Biodegradable Nanocomposites of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate): The Effect of Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (2008): 1858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18251.
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Copolymer of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate, P(HB-HV)/layered silicate or hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were prepared via melt extrusion. The nanostructure, as observed from wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, indicate intercalated hybrids for layered silicates. Hydroxyapatite of nanometer dimension is uniformly distributed in matrix copolymer. The nanohybrids show significant improvement in thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymer as compared to the neat copolymer. The layered silicate nanocomposites exhibit superior mechanical properties as compared to hydroxyapatite nanohybrid. The thermal expansion coefficient is significantly reduced in nanohybrids. The biodegradability of pure copolymer and its nanocomposites were studied at room temperatures under controlled conditions in compost media. The rate of biodegradation of copolymer is enhanced dramatically in the nanohybrids. Hydroxyapatite hybrid shows highest rate of biodegradation. The change in biodegradation is streamlined in terms of nature of nanoparticles used to prepare hybrids.
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Zhang, Hao, Jun Zhang, Rongping Yun, Zhiguo Jiang, Haimei Liu, and Dongpeng Yan. "Nanohybrids of organo-modified layered double hydroxides and polyurethanes with enhanced mechanical, damping and UV absorption properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04398d.
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Nishimura, Shunichi, Tomoyuki Tajima, Tatsuki Hasegawa, et al. "Synthesis of a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer having a 1,10-bis(decyloxy)decane core and its use in fabrication of carbon nanotube/calcium carbonate hybrids through biomimetic mineralization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 9 (2017): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0022.
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A new dendritic dispersant of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was synthesized and applied for the noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The 1,10-bis(decyloxy)decane core of the poly(amidoamine) dendrimer strongly adhered to the sidewalls of CNTs to form CNT/dendrimer supramolecular nanocomposites having many carboxyl groups (–COOH) on the surface. Then, crystallization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by the CO2 diffusion technique in aqueous environments using the CNT/dendrimer supramolecular nanocomposites as scaffolds afforded monodisperse spherical CNT/CaCO3 nanohybrids consisting of CNTs and calcite nanocrystals. The morphologies of the SWCNT/CaCO3 hybrids and MWCNT/CaCO3 hybrids were almost the same.
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de Carvalho, Thamyres Cardoso, Erbertt Barros Bezerra, Renê Anísio da Paz, Amanda Melissa Damião Leite, Vanessa Nóbrega Medeiros, and Edcleide Maria Araújo. "Study of the Degradability of PA6/Organoclay Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.288.
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The study of the degradability of PA6 / organoclay nanocomposites was evaluated to minimize the effects of plastic waste in the environment. The use of clays usually accelerates the degradation of nanocomposites. A regional clay (polyamide 6, Polyform - B300) and a quaternary ammonium salt (Cetremide (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) were used. The hybrids were obtained in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and the tensile and the impact specimens were obtained through injection. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of the salt molecules in the modified bentonite and its organophilization. The XRD results of the hybrids indicate that the peak of the organophilic clay disappeared when incorporated into the polyamide, showing that all systems were exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structure. The nanocomposites showed higher tensile mechanical properties when compared to the properties of pure polyamide, and the various conditions of aging influenced the degradation of these materials.
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Li, Aijiao, Suoxiao Wang, Zhe Chen, Hong Liu, and Hongding Wang. "The synergistic effect of SiC/R-GO composite on mechanical and tribological properties of thermosetting polyimide." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 2 (2021): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211049288.
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The effective means to solve material wear is to develop self-lubricating composite materials with excellent tribological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Herein, the composites of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) nanosheet decorated with Silicon Carbide (SiC) were facilely prepared with employing a silane coupling agent, and the corresponding r-GO/SiC/thermosetting polyimide (r-GO/SiC/TPI) nanocomposite films were obtained by in situ polymerization method. The mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of these nanocomposite films were investigated. When the content of r-GO/SiC was at 1.0 wt%, the compression strength and compression modulus of the composite increased by 37.7% and 47.3%, respectively, which were much higher than that of TPI composites addition of r-GO or SiC alone. Furthermore, r-GO/SiC/TPI composites also exhibited the lowest wear rate and friction coefficient in these reinforced TPI nanocomposites. When the content of r-GO/SiC was 0.8 wt%, particularly, the friction coefficient and wear rate of r-GO/SiC/TPI decreased by 22.8% and 79.8% compared to pure TPI, respectively. Additionally, trace amount r-GO/SiC hybrids also significantly enhance the thermal stability of TPI matrix. Compared to the polyimide composites reinforced by common nano-scale inorganic fillers, the outstanding mechanical and tribological properties of this r-GO/SiC/PI composites could be attributed to the ball on plane structure of GO/SiC, which lead to crack reflection, strength increment. These r-GO/SiC/TPI composites demonstrate the promising potential to be used as high-performance tribological materials in industry applications.
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Karatrantos, Argyrios V., Clement Mugemana, Lyazid Bouhala, Nigel Clarke, and Martin Kröger. "From Ionic Nanoparticle Organic Hybrids to Ionic Nanocomposites: Structure, Dynamics, and Properties: A Review." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010002.
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Ionic nanoparticle organic hybrids have been the focus of research for almost 20 years, however the substitution of ionic canopy by an ionic-entangled polymer matrix was implemented only recently, and can lead to the formulation of ionic nanocomposites. The functionalization of nanoparticle surface by covalently grafting a charged ligand (corona) interacting electrostatically with the oppositely charged canopy (polymer matrix) can promote the dispersion state and stability which are prerequisites for property “tuning”, polymer reinforcement, and fabrication of high-performance nanocomposites. Different types of nanoparticle, shape (spherical or anisotropic), loading, graft corona, polymer matrix type, charge density, molecular weight, can influence the nanoparticle dispersion state, and can alter the rheological, mechanical, electrical, self-healing, and shape-memory behavior of ionic nanocomposites. Such ionic nanocomposites can offer new properties and design possibilities in comparison to traditional polymer nanocomposites. However, to achieve a technological breakthrough by designing and developing such ionic nanomaterials, a synergy between experiments and simulation methods is necessary in order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry. Although there are a few coarse-grained simulation efforts to disclose the underlying physics, atomistic models and simulations that could shed light on the interphase, effect of polymer and nanoparticle chemistry on behavior, are completely absent.
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Ramesh, Sivalingam, Jaehwan Kim, and Joo-Hyung Kim. "Characteristic of Hybrid Cellulose-Amino Functionalized POSS-Silica Nanocomposite and Antimicrobial Activity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/936590.
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Recently, cellulose has much attention as an emerging renewable nanomaterial which holds promising properties having unique piezoelectricity, insulating, and biodegradable nature for various applications. Also, the modified properties of cellulose by appropriate chemical modifications in various functional groups with outstanding properties or significantly improved physical, chemical, biological, and electronic properties will widen the way for it to be utilized in different usages. Therefore, in this paper, cellulose-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) based materials were considered an important class of high-performance hybrid nanocomposite materials. To functionalize the regenerated cellulose, amino functionalized POSS material was synthesized via sol-gel covalent crosslinking process in presence of amino coupling agent. In this reaction, tetraethoxsilane (TEOS) andγ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (γ-APTES) as coupling agent for metal precursors were selected. The chemical structure of cellulose-amine functionalized bonding and covalent crosslinking hybrids was confirmed by FTIR and1H NMR spectral analysis. From the TEM results, well-dispersed hybrid cellulose-functionalized POSS-silica composites are observed. The resulting cellulose-POSS-silica hybrid nanocomposites materials provided significantly improved the optical transparency, and thermal and morphological properties to compare the cellulose-silica hybrid materials. Further, antimicrobial test against pathogenic bacteria was carried out.
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Cobianu, Cornel, Niculae Dumbravescu, Bogdan-Catalin Serban, et al. "Sonochemically synthetized ZnO-Graphene nanohybrids and its characterization." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (2020): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0013.
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AbstractThe paper presents the morphological, structural and compositional properties of the sonochemically prepared ZnO-1.4wt% Graphene (Z-G) nanocomposites as a function of pH value of suspension varying from 8.5 to 14 and thermal annealing at 450°C in nitrogen or air ambient. The SEM analysis of the Z-G hybrids dried at 150°C in air has shown a nano-flower like nanostructure for a pH value of 14. The XRD analysis of dried Z-G hybrids revealed a crystallite size increase from 3.5 nm to 18.4 nm with pH increase, and this result was explained in terms of colloids zeta potential evolution with pH value. The Raman and EDS spectroscopy have shown a split of the G band (1575 cm−1) of graphene into two bands (1575 cm−1 and 1605 cm−1), an increased height of D (1323 cm−1) band, and an additional amount of carbon due to CO2 absorption from the air, respectively. The carbon incorporation increased with the decrease of pH, and was associated with a hydrozincite phase, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6. The formation of dried Z-G nanocomposite was clearly demonstrated only at a pH value equal to 14, where two ZnO Raman active bands at 314.9 cm−1 and 428.2 cm−1 appeared. This result may indicate the sensitivity of the Raman spectroscopy to the nanoflower-like nanostructure of dried Z-G hybrids prepared at pH=14. The thermal treatment of Z-G hybrids in N2at 450°C has increased the number of ZnO Raman bands as a function of pH value, it has decreased the amount of additional carbon by conversion of hydrozincite to ZnO and preserved the graphene profile. The thermal treatment in air at 450°C has increased the crystalline symmetry and stoichiometry of the ZnO as revealed by high and narrow Raman band from 99 cm−1 specific to Zn optical phonons, but it has severely affected the graphene profile in the Z-G hybrid, due to combustion of graphene in oxygen from the ambient.
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Zong, Peisong, Jifang Fu, Liya Chen, et al. "Effect of aminopropylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane functionalized graphene on the thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties of epoxy composites." RSC Advances 6, no. 13 (2016): 10498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24885j.
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To obtain homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interaction in epoxy nanocomposites, an effective approach is proposed to prepare ApPOSS-graphene enhancement epoxy hybrids with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulating property.
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Abellán, G., H. Prima-García, and E. Coronado. "Graphene enhances the magnetoresistance of FeNi3nanoparticles in hierarchical FeNi3–graphene nanocomposites." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 11 (2016): 2252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04445f.
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An increase in the giant magnetoresistance of FeNi<sub>3</sub>nanoparticles of 20 times has been observed in FeNi<sub>3</sub>–graphene nanocomposites synthesized using NiFe-layered double hydroxide hybrids as precursors.
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Farag, Reem K., Ahmed Labena, Sahar H. Fakhry, Gehan Safwat, Ayman Diab, and Ayman M. Atta. "Antimicrobial Activity of Hybrids Terpolymers Based on Magnetite Hydrogel Nanocomposites." Materials 12, no. 21 (2019): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213604.
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In the past few years, the development of hydrogel properties has led to the emergence of nanocomposite hydrogels that have unique properties that allow them to be used in various different fields and applications such as drug delivery, adsorption soil containing, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and especially antimicrobial applications. Thus, this study was conducted in order to fabricate a novel crosslinked terpolymer nanocomposite hydrogel using the free radical copolymerization method based on the usage of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), and acrylic acid (AA) monomers and iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles and using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The structure of the synthesized composite was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. Furthermore, the surface morphology and the magnetic nanoparticle distributions were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement. In addition, the swelling capacity of the hydrogel nanocomposite was measured using the swelling test. Lastly, the efficiency of the produced composite was evaluated as an antimicrobial agent for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and a fungal strain.
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Velmurugan, R., and T. P. Mohan. "Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites and Hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 28, no. 1 (2008): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684407081439.
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Arrigo, Rossella, Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva, Vitangelo Pampalone, Elisabetta Morici, Monica Guenzi, and Cristian Gambarotti. "Advanced nano-hybrids for thermo-oxidative-resistant nanocomposites." Journal of Materials Science 51, no. 14 (2016): 6955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9983-7.
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Shin, Hyeon Il, and Jin-Hae Chang. "Transparent Polyimide/Organoclay Nanocomposite Films Containing Different Diamine Monomers." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010135.
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Poly (amic acid) s (PAAs) were synthesized using 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropyl-idene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and two types of diamines—bis(3-aminophenyl) sulfone (BAS) and bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (BAS-OH). Two series of transparent polyimide (PI) hybrid films were synthesized by solution intercalation polymerization and thermal imidization using various concentrations (from 0 to 1 wt%) of organically modified clay Cloisite 30B in PAA solution. The thermo-mechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the hybrid films were observed. The transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) results showed that some of the clays were agglomerated, but most of them showed dispersed nanoscale clay. The effects of -OH groups on the properties of the two PI hybrids synthesized using BAS and BAS-OH monomers were compared. The BAS PI hybrids were superior to the BAS-OH PI hybrids in terms of thermal stability and optical transparency, but the BAS-OH PI hybrids exhibited higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) and mechanical properties. Analysis of the thermal properties and tensile strength showed that the highest critical concentration of organoclay was 0.50 wt%.
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Zhu, S. J., M. Okazaki, A. Usuki, and M. Kato. "OS15-3-2 Fatigue behavior in an inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _OS15–3–2——_OS15–3–2—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._os15-3-2-.
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Ma, Ruixue, Bo Zhu, Qianqian Zeng, et al. "Melt-Processed Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanotubes/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties." Materials 12, no. 3 (2019): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030525.
Full textAbstract:
The agglomeration problem of nanofillers, for instance, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix, is still a challenging assignment due to the intrinsic inert nature of PEEK to organic solvents. In this work, organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) was introduced as a second filler for improving the dispersion of CNTs in the PEEK matrix and enhancing the mechanical properties, as well as reducing the cost of the materials. The nanocomposites were fabricated through melt-mixing PEEK with CNTs/MMT hybrids, which were prepared in advance by mixing CNTs with MMT in water. The introduction of MMT improved the dispersion stability of CNTs, as characterized by sedimentation and zeta potential. The CNTs/MMT hybrids were maintained in PEEK nanocomposites as demonstrated by the transmission electron microscope. The mechanical and thermomechanical measurements revealed that CNTs together with MMT had a strong reinforcement effect on the PEEK matrix, especially at high temperature, although it had a negative effect on the toughness. A maximum increase of 48.1% was achieved in storage modulus of PEEK nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% CNTs and 2 wt% MMT at 240 °C, compared to that of neat PEEK. The differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that CNTs accelerated the crystallization of the PEEK matrix while a further addition of MMT played an opposite role. The nucleation activity of the fillers was also evaluated by the Dobreva method.
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Chen, Wei-Cheng, Yuan-Tzu Liu, and Shiao-Wei Kuo. "Highly Thermal Stable Phenolic Resin Based on Double-Decker-Shaped POSS Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092151.
Full textAbstract:
In this study we incorporated various amounts of a double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) into phenolic/DDSQ hybrids, which we prepared from a bifunctionalized phenolic DDSQ derivative (DDSQ-4OH), phenol, and CH2O under basic conditions (with DDSQ-4OH itself prepared through hydrosilylation of nadic anhydride with DDSQ and subsequent reaction with 4-aminophenol). We characterized these phenolic/DDSQ hybrids using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; 1H, 13C, and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal decomposition temperature and char yield both increased significantly upon increasing the DDSQ content, with the DDSQ units providing an inorganic protection layer on the phenolic surface, as confirmed through XPS analyses. We obtained carbon/DDSQ hybrids from the phenolic/DDSQ hybrids after thermal curing and calcination at 900 °C; these carbon/DDSQ hybrids displayed electrochemical properties superior to those of previously reported counterparts.