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Zakiyah, Diana, Ruslan Effendy, and Edhie Arif Prasetyo. "The effect of glycerin on the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite." Conservative Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v8i2.2018.104-111.
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Background: Present research studied the surface hardness and roughness dependence on polymerization. Polymerization of composites occurs through chain reaction that is induced by free radicals. Oxygen in the air decreases the excitability of the photo initiator, causing polymerization interference. Oxygen inhibition layer (OIL) is formed on the surface. OIL can be reduced by curing the composite through by application of glycerin to the surface. Purpose: To determine the effect of glycerin on the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite. Material and Methods: 64 specimens of composite (Z350 XT, 3M) were prepared using a disc-shaped acrylic. The groups were divided into group A surface hardness (N=32) and group B surface roughness (N=32). Group A1, the specimen was coated with glycerin and light cured for 20 s and group A2, the specimen was exposed to air and light cured for 20 s. Group B1 was coated with glycerin and light cured for 20 s and Group B2 was exposed to air and light cured for 20 s. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 370. Measuring with Vickers and surface roughness tester and. Data were statistically analyzed using Mean-whitney U Test. Results: There were statiscally significant difference between the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite coated with glycerin and without glycerin (p<0,05) Conclusion: The surface hardness of nanofill composite resin coated with glycerin is higher than composite without glycerin and the surface roughness of nanofill composite resin coated with glycerin is lower than composite without glycerin
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Berger, Sandrine Bittencourt, Alan Rodrigo Muniz Palialol, Vanessa Cavalli, and Marcelo Giannini. "Characterization of water sorption, solubility and filler particles of light-cured composite resins." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 4 (2009): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000400009.
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The goals of this study were to measure the water sorption (WS) and solubility (SO) of 3 composite resins containing different filler contents. Additionally, the size, shape, type and other characteristics of fillers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three composites, classified according to filler size, were selected: Filtek Supreme nanofill (3M/ESPE), Esthet-X minifill (Dentsply/Caulk) and Renamel microfill (Cosmedent Inc.). Ten disk-shaped specimens of each resin composite were made and stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then stored in water for 7 days, and the mass of each specimen was measured. The specimens were dried again and dried specimen mass determined. The WS and SO were calculated from these measurements. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (?=0.05). Composite filler particles were observed under SEM after removal of resin matrix by organic solvents. WS values were not significantly different among the resins; however, SO values were lower for Filtek Supreme. The materials presented differences in filler contents (e.g. particle size and shape). The composite resins had similar WS, while the SO was lower for the nanofill than for mini and microfill resins. The filler characteristics varied and were different among the materials.
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Ritter, AV, T. Sulaiman, A. Altitinchi, F. Baratto-Filho, CC Gonzaga, and GM Correr. "Effect of Tribochemical Coating on Composite Repair Strength." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 6 (2020): E334—E342. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-145-l.
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Clinical Relevance Tribochemical treatment of existing composite surfaces is highly effective for composite repair. When repairing an old composite restoration, the clinician should try to use the same composite originally used for the restoration. If the information about the original restoration is not known, a composite with strong mechanical properties should be used for the repair restoration. SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of tribochemical coating on composite-to-composite repair interfacial fracture toughness (iFT). Sixty beam-shaped specimens (21×4×3 ± 0.2 mm) were prepared with a nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra [FSU]) and a nanohybrid composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CME]) and aged for 50,000 thermocycles (5°C-55°C, 20-second dwell time) and then sectioned in half. The resulting 120 hemispecimens (60 for each composite) were randomly assigned to different repair methods (n=10): universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick [CUB]), sand-blasting followed by CUB, or tribochemical coating (CoJet, CoJet sand, Espe-Sil, and Visio-Bond). The repair surface was prepared with a diamond bur (Midwest #471271), rinsed, and dried. Each aged composite brand (FSU, CME) was repaired with either the same composite or the opposite composite. All adhesives and composites were light cured with a high-irradiance LED curing light (Elipar DeepCure-S). After postrepair storage in 100% humidity and at 37°C for 24 hours, iFT was measured as KIc (MPa m½). Data were analyzed for statistical significance using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honest significant difference post hoc test (α=0.05). Regardless of the substrate composite, ANOVA showed significant differences for surface treatment (p&lt;0.0001) and repair composite (p&lt;0.0001). Mean iFT values (SD) ranged from 0.91 (0.10) MPa·m½ to 2.68 (0.12) MPa·m½. Repairs made with FSU after CoJet resulted in significantly higher iFT (FSU: 2.68 MPa·m½; CME: 2.21 MPa·m½) when compared to the other experimental groups. The repair iFT was higher with CoJet treatment and when the nanofill composite FSU was used as the repair composite.
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Németh, Kinga Dorottya, Dóra Haluszka, László Seress, Bálint Viktor Lovász, József Szalma, and Edina Lempel. "Effect of Air-Polishing and Different Post-Polishing Methods on Surface Roughness of Nanofill and Microhybrid Resin Composites." Polymers 14, no. 9 (2022): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091643.
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Air-abrasion is a popular prophylactic procedure to maintain oral hygiene. However, depending on the applied air-abrasive powder, it can damage the surface of the tooth and restorations, making it susceptible to plaque accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 s and 10 s air-abrasion of calcium carbonate on surface roughness (Ra) of enamel, nanofill, and microhybrid resin-composites and the effect of post-polishing with two-step rubber- (RP) or one-step brush polisher (BP) to re-establish the surface smoothness. Surface topography was visualized by scanning-electron-microscopy. The quantitative measurement of the Ra was carried out with atomic-force-microscopy. Air-abrasion for 10 s decreased the Ra of enamel as a result of abrasion of the natural surface texture. Post-polishing with RP after 10 s air-abrasion did not change the Ra or BP; however, Ra was increased significantly by scratching the surface. Air-abrasion increased the Ra of resin composites significantly, irrespective of the application time. While RP provided a similarly smooth surface to the control in the case of microhybrid resin composite, BP increased the Ra significantly. The Ra for the control group of the nanofill-resin composite was initially high, which was further increased by air-abrasion. RP and BP re-established the initial Ra with deeper and shallower scratches after BP. Both the material and treatment type showed a large effect on Ra.
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Mardianti, Ferriza Tri, Sukaton Sukaton, and Galih Sampoerno. "Benefit of Glycerine on Surface Hardness of Hybrid & Nanofill Resin Composite." Conservative Dentistry Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v11i1.2021.28-31.
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Background: Composite resins restoration is a treatment for tooth structure loss due to pathological conditions. Longevity of composite resins restoration can be affected by surface hardness restoration. Glycerin can increase surface hardness restoration with inhibit bond oxygen and free radicals on polymerization composite resins. Purpose: Analyze the increase surface hardness composite resins restoration after glycerin application before light-curing composite resins. Review(s): Of the six journals included in this literature review, five journals reported significant differences because of the obstacles in the polymerization process of the composite resin when composite contact with light-curing will activate the photoinitiator to produce highly reactive free radicals, free radicals will break the double chain carbon bonds of monomers and form single bonds of free radicals with monomers. Bonding of free radicals with monomers will produce polymeric bonds (degree of conversion) which affects the level of surface hardness of the filling. While one journal noted no significant difference in the surface hardness of composite resin after glycerin application. Conclusion: The use of glycerin before light-curing can increase the surface hardness composite resin restorations.
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Taher, Manal, Nsar Aziz, and Intesar Toma. "Effect of bleaching materials and whitening mouth wash on surface roughness of two types of composite resin materials nanohybrid and nanofill: an In‐vitro Study." Erbil Dental Journal 4, no. 2 (2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/edj.2021.16.
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Background and objective: Bleaching teeth is one of the effective, comparatively safe, aesthetic treatments in dentistry. Many systems are available now in clinical practice that has a peroxide mechanism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different bleaching system on the surface roughness of two different composite resin materials (nanohybride and nanofilled). Methods: A total of 60 samples of two types of composite resin were used (nanohybrid and nanofill), 30 samples for each material were prepared. The total samples then divided into six groups, ten samples for each group. Each group were analyzed and tested before exposing to bleaching system that considered as control, by using surface roughness (Ra) machine using atomic force microscopy. Three bleaching system then used, hydrogen peroxide 35% with laser and carbamide peroxide 10% three times each time for 15 min‐ utes while whitening mouth wash for 1 minute/ day for one month. After bleaching ended, the surface roughness of all the samples were re‐evaluated. Results:Whiting mouth wash thtcontaing peroxide bleaching agents showed a significant differences for the two composite materials(nano hybrid and nano filled). While for the another bleaching systems(hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide) there is no significant differences Conclusion:Whiting mouth wash showed more surface roughness for the two materials when compared with the another bleaching materials and Increased surface roughness of composites as a result of bleaching appears to be dependent on the bleaching agent used as well as the composite material types.
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Baseren, Meserret, Filiz Yalcin, and Yonca Korkmaz. "The Effect of Two Different Polishing Techniques on Microleakage of New Composites in Class V Restorations." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 5 (2006): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-5-18.
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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polishing systems on the microleakage of a nanofill, a nanohybrid, and a microhybrid composite in Class V cavities. Methods and Materials Preparations were made at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of 36 extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups and restored with new resin composites according to the manufacturers’ instructions as follows: Group 1, Filtek Supreme & Single Bond; Group 2, Grandio & Solobond; and Group 3, Artemis & Excite. The restorations were finished with diamond finishing burs. The restored/finished teeth were randomly divided into two groups and polished using the following systems: Super-Snap (Al2O2 coated, abrasive disc system, fine grit, and extra fine grit) and Astropol/Astrobrush (silicon-based abrasive polisher point and polisher brush). All specimens were thermocycled 1000 times with a 10 second dwell time. They were immersed in 0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours and then sectioned buccal-lingual-longitudinally through the center of both restorations of each tooth and evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 30X magnification. The degree of dye penetration was quantified. Result No significant difference in leakage scores was observed in enamel margins (p=0.456, Kruskall Wallis test), but dentin margins were significantly affected by the different polishing systems (p=0.037, Kruskall Wallis test). The lower leakage scores were recorded for Astropol/Astrobrush polishing systems. The nanofill composite showed the least leakage among the test groups in this study. The most leakage was observed in nanohybrid composite resin (p<0.05, Mann Whitney U test). Conclusions Under the conditions of this in vitro study: the microleakage resistance of composites at enamel margins is not significantly affected by the different polishing systems; the lowest leakage scores were recorded for Astropol/Astrobrush polishing techniques in different types of composites; and the ranking of the composite materials from most to least leakage at the dentin margins according to polishing techniques was Grandio >Artemis > Filtek Supreme. Citation Yalcin F, Korkmaz Y, BasŞeren M. The Effect of Two Different Polishing Techniques on Microleakage of New Composites in Class V Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:018-025.
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Salehi, Arman, Mostafa Sadeghi, and Negar Salehi. "The Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel with and without Remineralizing Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Composites to Enamel." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 06 (2024): 107–16. https://doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-06-10.
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Introduction Carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, along with remineralizing agents, can induce changes in the structure and mineral content of enamel, potentially leading to a decrease in the bond strength of resin composite to the enamel. Therefore, this laboratory study aimed to determine the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel with and without remineralizing agents on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of resin composites with microhybrid and nanofill structures to enamel. Materials and Methods Thirty extracted third molar teeth were randomly divided into five groups, each group subdivided into two equal subgroups: Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Bleaching gel without fluoride, Group 3: Bleaching gel containing fluoride, Group 4: Bleaching gel containing CPP-ACP, and Group 5: Bleaching gel containing fluoride and CPP-ACP. In the first subgroups, nanofilled resin composite Filtek Z350, while in the second subgroups, microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250 were bonded to enamel surface. After specimen preparation, µTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (P value<0.05). Results The highest µTBS of resin composite to enamel was observed in the control group, while the lowest bond strength was seen in the fluoride-containing bleaching group. Comparisons of µTBS between the study groups pairwise, except for the comparison between the control group and the bleaching group, the bleaching group with (CPP-ACP+Fluoride), and the (CPP-ACP) group with the fluoride group, showed significant differences in bond strength. Although, the mean µTBS of the Filtek …
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Salehi, Arman, Mostafa Sadeghi, and Negar Salehi. "The Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel with and without Remineralizing Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Composites to Enamel." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 06 (2024): 107–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13334617.
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Introduction Carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, along with remineralizing agents, can induce changes in the structure and mineral content of enamel, potentially leading to a decrease in the bond strength of resin composite to the enamel. Therefore, this laboratory study aimed to determine the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel with and without remineralizing agents on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of resin composites with microhybrid and nanofill structures to enamel. Materials and Methods Thirty extracted third molar teeth were randomly divided into five groups, each group subdivided into two equal subgroups: Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Bleaching gel without fluoride, Group 3: Bleaching gel containing fluoride, Group 4: Bleaching gel containing CPP-ACP, and Group 5: Bleaching gel containing fluoride and CPP-ACP. In the first subgroups, nanofilled resin composite Filtek Z350, while in the second subgroups, microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250 were bonded to enamel surface. After specimen preparation, µTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (P value<0.05). Results The highest µTBS of resin composite to enamel was observed in the control group, while the lowest bond strength was seen in the fluoride-containing bleaching group. Comparisons of µTBS between the study groups pairwise, except for the comparison between the control group and the bleaching group, the bleaching group with (CPP-ACP+Fluoride), and the (CPP-ACP) group with the fluoride group, showed significant differences in bond strength. Although, the mean µTBS of the Filtek …
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Salehi, Arman, Mostafa Sadeghi, and Negar Salehi. "The Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel with and without Remineralizing Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Composites to Enamel." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 06 (2024): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-06-10.
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Introduction: Carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, along with remineralizing agents, can induce changes in the structure and mineral content of enamel, potentially leading to a decrease in the bond strength of resin composite to the enamel. Therefore, this laboratory study aimed to determine the effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel with and without remineralizing agents on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of resin composites with microhybrid and nanofill structures to enamel. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted third molar teeth were randomly divided into five groups, each group subdivided into two equal subgroups: Group 1: Control group, Group 2: Bleaching gel without fluoride, Group 3: Bleaching gel containing fluoride, Group 4: Bleaching gel containing CPP-ACP, and Group 5: Bleaching gel containing fluoride and CPP-ACP. In the first subgroups, nanofilled resin composite Filtek Z350, while in the second subgroups, microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250 were bonded to enamel surface. After specimen preparation, µTBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (P value<0.05). Results: The highest µTBS of resin composite to enamel was observed in the control group, while the lowest bond strength was seen in the fluoride-containing bleaching group. Comparisons of µTBS between the study groups pairwise, except for the comparison between the control group and the bleaching group, the bleaching group with (CPP-ACP+Fluoride), and the (CPP-ACP) group with the fluoride group, showed significant differences in bond strength. Although, the mean µTBS of the Filtek Z250 composite was higher than the Filtek Z350 composite in all groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of carbamide peroxide bleaching gel with remineralizing agents leads to a decrease in µTBS of the resin composite to the enamel.
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A. Majeed, Manhal. "Microleakage Evaluation of a Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Packable and Nanofill Posterior Composites (in vitro comparative study)." Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.2.1.4.
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This study compared in vitro the microleakage of a new low shrink silorane-based posterior composite (Filtek™ P90) and two methacrylate-based composites: a packable posterior composite (Filtek™ P60) and a nanofill composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) through dye penetration test. Thirty sound human upper premolars were used in this study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared at the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were then divided into three groups of ten teeth each: (Group 1: restored with Filtek™ P90, Group 2: restored with Filtek™ P60, and Group 3: restored with Filtek™ Supreme XT). Each composite system was used according to the manufacturer's instructions with their corresponding adhesive systems. The teeth were then thermocycled, immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 hours at room temperature, embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and sectioned longitudinally bucco-lingually. Microleakage was evaluated by assessing the linear dye penetration at the tooth/restoration interface occlusally and gingivally. The highest microleakage score occlusally or gingivally was recorded and the results were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 13. The results of this study showed that the silorane-based posterior composite Filtek™ P90 showed significantly less microleakage than the methacrylate-based packable composite (Filtek™ P60) and the nano-filled composite (Filtek™ Supreme XT) when the tooth-restoration interface is located in enamel.
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Korkmaz, Yonca, and Nuray Attar. "Dentin Bond Strength of Composites with Self-etching Adhesives Using LED Curing Lights." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 5 (2007): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-5-34.
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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) compared with halogen LCUs on the shear bond strength (SBS) of one nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme) and one microhibrid composite (Artemis) with self-etch adhesives. Methods and Materials The buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human molars were flattened to expose dentin and, subsequently, polished for 60 seconds with 600-grit wet silicon carbide abrasive paper. Specimens were assigned into six groups (n=10) according to composite material, self-etch adhesive, and curing light used as follows: Group 1: Adper Prompt L-Pop (AP) and Filtek Supreme (FS) using an Elipar Free Light (EFL); Group 2: AP and FS using an Elipar Free Light 2 (EFL2); Group 3: AP and FS using a Hilux Expert (HE) light, Group 4: AdheSE (AS)+Artemis (AR) using an EFL; Group 5: AS+AR using an EFL2; and Group 6: AS+AR using a HE light. The specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5°C–55°C) and then loaded to failure in a Zwick universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. SBS values were calculated as megapascals (MPa) and statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a significance level of 0.05. Results Mean SBS (± standard deviations) values were as follows: Group1: 15.99±5.18; Group 2: 18.76±6.71; Group 3: 17.70±5.04; Group 4: 16.93±3.99; Group 5: 18.01±5.19, and Group 6: 17.46±5.40. There were no statistically significant differences for SBS to dentin among the groups tested. Conclusion The LED curing lights used in the study seem to be comparable with the halogen curing light for nanofill and microhybrid composites used in conjunction with self-etching systems in dentin. The EFL2 reduces curing time, which can be considered as an advantage. Citation Korkmaz Y, Attar N. Dentin Bond Strength of Composites with Self-etching Adhesives Using LED Curing Lights. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:034-042.
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Fontes, Silvia Terra, María Raquel Fernández, Claudia Modena de Moura, and Sônia Saeger Meireles. "Color stability of a nanofill composite: effect of different immersion media." Journal of Applied Oral Science 17, no. 5 (2009): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572009000500007.
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Yazici, AR, SA Antonson, ZB Kutuk, and E. Ergin. "Thirty-Six-Month Clinical Comparison of Bulk Fill and Nanofill Composite Restorations." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 5 (2017): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-220-c.
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SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanofill and a bulk fill resin composite in class II restorations. Methods and Materials: In accordance with a split-mouth design, 50 patients received at least one pair of restorations, restored with a nanofill resin composite (Filtek Ultimate [FU]) and with a bulk fill resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill [TB]). Each restorative resin was used with its respective adhesive system according to the manufacturers' instructions. A total of 104 class II restorations were placed by two operators. The restorations were blindly evaluated by two examiners at baseline and at six, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months using modified US Public Health Service Ryge criteria. The comparison of the two restorative materials for each category was performed with the chi-square test (α=0.05). The baseline scores were compared with those at the recall visits using the Cochran Q-test. Results: At six, 12, 18, and 24 months, the recall rate was 100%, 98%, 94%, and 82%, respectively, with a retention rate of 100%. At 36 months, 81 restorations were evaluated in 39 patients with a recall rate of 78%. For marginal adaptation, four restorations from the TB group and 10 from the FU group rated as Bravo. Two restorations from the TB and eight restorations from the FU group showed marginal discoloration. There were statistically significant differences between the two restorative resins in terms of marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration (p&lt;0.05). No differences were observed between the restorative resins in terms of retention (p&gt;0.05). One restored tooth from the FU group was crowned. The retention rates for the TB and the FU groups were 100%. In the FU group, two restorations showed slightly rough surfaces, and two showed a slight mismatch in color. None of the restorations showed postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, or loss of anatomic form. Conclusions: The tested bulk fill restorative resin demonstrated better clinical performance in terms of marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation.
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Rodrigues, Sinval A., Susanne S. Scherrer, Jack L. Ferracane, and Álvaro Della Bona. "Microstructural characterization and fracture behavior of a microhybrid and a nanofill composite." Dental Materials 24, no. 9 (2008): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.006.
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Demirci, M., S. Tuncer, HS Sancaklı, N. Tekçe, and C. Baydemir. "Clinical Performance of Different Solvent-based Dentin Adhesives With Nanofill or Nanohybrid Composites in Class III Restorations: Five Year Results." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 4 (2017): E111—E120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-326-c.
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SUMMARY Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of water, acetone, ethanol, and ethanol-water solvent-based dentin adhesives with nanofill or nanohybrid composites in Class III restorations. Methods and Materials: A total of 22 patients aged between 14 and 48 years (mean age: 25.2 years) participated in the study. Each patient received four Class III restorations, which were performed using water (Scotchbond Multipurpose), acetone (Prime&Bond NT), ethanol (XP Bond) and ethanol-water (Xeno V) solvent-based dentin adhesive systems with a nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) or nanohybrid composite (CeramX Duo). Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations with regard to retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture at baseline and at one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year recalls. Results: The five-year survival rates were 100% for Scotchbond Multipurpose, Prime&Bond NT, and XP Bond and 81.2% for Xeno V–bonded restorations. Only three Xeno V–bonded restorations failed. With the exception of marginal discoloration, there were no statistically significant differences among the four adhesive-bonded restorations in any of the evaluation periods in terms of the evaluation criteria. Conclusions: With the exception of marginal discoloration and marginal integrity deterioration of Xeno V–bonded restorations, all four adhesive-bonded restorations exhibited good long-term results. However, adhesion strategy (such as self-etch or etch-and-rinse) is more important than the solvent content of dentin adhesive systems in the success of Class III restorations.
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de Andrade, Ana Karina Maciel, Rosângela Marques Duarte, Severino Jackson Guedes Lima, Tibério Andrade Passos, Kenio Costa Lima, and Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende Montes. "Nanohybrid versus nanofill composite in class I cavities: Margin analysis after 12 months." Microscopy Research and Technique 74, no. 1 (2010): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20867.
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Kim, Haesong, Juhyun Lee, Haeni Kim, and Howon Park. "Surface Roughness and Cariogenic Microbial Adhesion after Polishing of Smart Chromatic Technology-based Composite Resin." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 50, no. 1 (2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2023.50.1.65.
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This study compared the surface roughness and microbial adhesion characteristics of Omnichroma, a novel composite resin developed using “smart chromatic technology”, with those of two other conventional composite resins with different filler compositions. A total of 144 specimens were fabricated using 3 types of composite resins: Omnichroma (nano-spherical), Filtek Z350XT (nanofill), and Tetric N-Ceram (nanohybrid) and, divided into 3 groups of 48. Finishing was performed using tungsten carbide burs. Specimens were then divided into 3 subgroups using different polishing methods: Control, SofLex, and PoGo. Surface roughness was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Microbial adhesion was assessed by culturing <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on the specimens for 24 hours and then measuring colony-forming units attached to the upper surface. The surface roughness (Ra) of Omnichroma was 0.123 μm after finishing, and it exhibited a smooth surface compared to the other resins. However, after polishing, there were no significant differences in the surface roughness between the three composite groups, regardless of the polishing methods. The surfaces of the Control subgroups were significantly rougher than those of the SofLex subgroups in all 3 composite groups. However, except for Tetric N-Ceram, there were no significant differences between the Control and PoGo subgroups in the other composite groups. Microbial adhesion assessment showed no significant differences between any of the 3 composite resin subgroups; however, Omnichroma exhibited higher microbial adhesion than the other two composites. No significant correlation was observed between surface roughness and microbial adhesion.
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Brian, Merchantara, Abidin Trimurni, Dennis, Agusnar Harry, and A. Gani Basri. "Influence of the Nanoparticles Chitosan High Molecular on the Degradation of Nanofill and Nanohybrid Composite Resins inVarious pH Saliva." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 7 (2022): 464–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6956148.
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Composite resin is a filling or restoration material that has a similar color to the teeth, is insensitive to dehydration, and is relatively easy to manipulate. One of the nanotechnology developments in dentistry is nano fill and nanohybrid composite resin with minute particle sizes, which has a different value in its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. In the oral cavity, composite resin restoration material comes in contact with various salivary pH, acidic or alkali that can affect physical property changes, including surface roughness. Chitosan is a biomaterial continuously being developed because it has many medical benefits and has proven safe to use on people. This study analyzes composite resin restoration strength when nanoparticle chitosan high molecular is added 1% to its surface degradation. Samples are 36 human premolar teeth randomly classified into 12 groups (r=3). Each group is classified based on different filling materials and salivary pH. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) samples are tested to see the surface degradation. The result of this study shows that using composite resin, either nanofiller or nanohybrid, will go through salivary degradation on pH 3, 5, 7, dan 10. The lower the pH, the higher the degradation, Adding 0,1% chitosan on nano fill and nano hybrid shows that there is still degradation in the restoration surface. 0,1% Chitosan added in nano hybrid composite resin on pH 7 offers surface stability, although degradation is still found. The 0,1% chitosan added into nano fill composite resin shows a different value although still lower than nano hybrid composite added with 0,1% chitosan on surface degradation. Adding 0,1% high molecular Chitosan to both nanocomposite resins shows a better value when compared to the composite resin that is not infused with Chitosan.
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Ekrikaya, Semiha, and Özcan Karataş. "Effect of Different Beverages and Polishing Systems on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of a Smart Chromatic Composite Resin and Methacrylate Composites." Current Research in Dental Sciences 35, no. 1 (2025): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.17567/currresdentsci.1618999.
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Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of smart chromatic composite resin and methacrylate composite resins with applying different polishing systems and stored in different solutions. Methods: In the study, 120 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from a smart chromatic composite, a nanofill composite, and a nanohybrid composite. The specimens were separated into 12 groups with a specimen size of 10, and the two different polishing systems were utilized. The initial color values of the specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer and the surface roughness values were measured with a profilometer. Then, the specimens were stored in two different beverage solutions, and color and roughness measurements were repeated. The mean color change values of the specimens were calculated in ΔE, and the surface roughness values were recorded in Ra. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (P =.05). Results: Statistically significant variations were observed in the mean color change values among the groups, as a consequence of the utilization of various polishing systems and exposure to different solutions (P.05), significant distinctions were identified among the groups to which different polishing systems were employed (P
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Acuña, Eric Dario, Leyla Delgado-Cotrina, Francisco Aurelio Rumiche, and Lidia Yileng Tay. "Effect of the Purple Corn Beverage “Chicha Morada” in Composite Resin during Dental Bleaching." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2970548.
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During dental bleaching the staining potential of the surface would increase. This study aims to evaluate the staining susceptibility of one bleached composite resin after the exposure to three different beverages: Peruvian purple corn based beverage (chicha morada), green tea, and distilled water. Thirty disk-shaped specimens of one nanofill composite resin were prepared. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n=5): purple corn (P), purple corn + bleaching (PB), green tea (T), green tea + bleaching (TB), distilled water (W), and distilled water + bleaching (WB). In groups that received bleaching, two sessions of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide were done. Following bleaching, specimens were exposed to each liquid thirty minutes daily. Color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. For statistical analysis, color measurement differences between the obtained results were used: during bleaching, after bleaching, and during + after bleaching. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the color changes in the resins of all groups (p<0.05). We conclude that all the evaluated beverages produced changes of color in the composite resin regardless of the bleaching procedure. However, purple corn was the only beverage that caused a perceptible color change (ΔE>3.3).
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Darwich, Ayham, Abeer Aljareh, Omar Aladel, Szabolcs Szávai, and Hasan Nazha. "Influence of Inlays/Onlays and Their Material on Stress Distribution in Mandibular Molars: Finite Element Analysis." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, no. 4 (2022): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.578.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of inlays/onlays and their material on stress distribution in mandibular molars with large cavities, using finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: 3D models of the first mandibular molar were created. Then, a mesio-occluso-distal cavity was created, and cusps were reduced (1.5 mm for buccal cusps and 1 mm for lingual cusps). The restorations were: inlay, onlay that covered buccal cusps (B models), and onlay that covered all cusps (LB models). Inlays and onlays were represented by two materials: nanofill composite resin and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN). Vertical load of 600 N was applied and von Mises stresses were calculated. Results: Inlay models showed higher stress concentration in tooth structures than onlay models. Composite resin inlays and onlays transmitted most of the stress to adjacent structures. On the other hand, PICN inlays/onlays absorbed most of stress and transmitted less stress to dental structures than composite resin restorations. Moreover, stress concentrations in PICN onlay models (B-buccal cusps and LB-all cusps) were similar, while composite resin LB onlay showed higher stress concentration in dental structures than composite resin B onlay. Conclusions: Onlays showed better stress distribution than inlays. PICN might be a suitable choice as a restorative material of inlay/onlay for large cavities in molars, while the composite resin is unfavorable material for such restorations in terms of stress redistribution in dental structures.
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Ramadhani, A. M., E. Herda, and S. Triaminingsih. "The effect of brushing with toothpaste containing nano calcium carbonate upon nanofill composite resin surface roughness." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 884 (August 2017): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012103.
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St-Pierre, L., C. Martel, H. Crépeau, and MA Vargas. "Influence of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness of Composite Resins: Polishability of Composite Resins." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 3 (2019): E122—E132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-140-l.
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SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare, with a threshold value of 200 nm, the surface roughness obtained when using 12 different polishing systems on four different composite resins (microfill, nanofill, and two nanohybrids). Methods and Materials: A total of 384 convex specimens were made using Durafill VS, Filtek Supreme Ultra, Grandio SO, and Venus Pearl. After sandblasting and finishing with a medium-grit finishing disc, initial surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester. Specimens were polished using 12 different polishing systems: Astropol, HiLuster Plus, D♦Fine, Diacomp, ET Illustra, Sof-Lex Wheels, Sof-Lex XT discs, Super-Snap, Enhance/Pogo, Optrapol, OneGloss and ComposiPro Brush (n=8). The final surface roughness was measured, and data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using protected Fisher least significant difference. Results: There were statistical differences in the final surface roughness between polishing systems and between composite resins (p&lt;0.05). The highest surface roughness was observed for all composite resins polished with OneGloss and ComposiPro Brush. Enhance/Pogo and Sof-Lex Wheels produced a mean surface roughness greater than the 200-nm threshold on Filtek Supreme Ultra, Grandio SO, and Venus Pearl. Data showed that there was an interaction between the composite resins and the polishing systems. Conclusions: A single polishing system does not perform equally with all composite resins. Except for Optrapol, multi-step polishing systems performed generally better than one-step systems. Excluding Enhance/Pogo, diamond-impregnated polishers led to lower surface roughness. Durafill VS, a microfill composite resin, may be polished more predictably with different polishers.
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Hatanaka, Gabriel Rodrigues, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, Antonio Alves de Almeida-Junior, and Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz. "Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Composite Resin Flexural Strength and Microhardness." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 3 (2013): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302155.
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This study investigated the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) on the Vickers microhardness and flexural strength of the restorative composites Filtek Z100 (hybrid), Filtek Z350 (nanofill), Brilliant (micro-hybrid) and Opallis (micro-hybrid). Disc-shaped (4x2 mm; n=5) and bar-shaped (12x2x1 mm; n=10) specimens of each restorative material were randomly divided into 2 groups: (G1) 16 weeks stored in distilled water; (G2) 16 weeks stored in distilled water, with 16% carbamide peroxide application during 6 h per day for the last 4 weeks. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester and a mechanical testing machine. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's (HSD) post-hoc test (α=0.05). Filtek Z100 presented the highest microhardness value, followed by Filtek Z350 and finally by Brilliant and Opallis (p=0.00). Filtek Z100 and Brilliant exhibited the highest flexural strength value, followed by Filtek Z350 and Opallis (p=0.00). Bleaching treatment decreased significantly microhardness of Brilliant and Opallis (p=0.00). The flexural strength of all studied materials was not affected by the home bleaching (p=0.28).
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Prasada L, Krishna, Jyothsna S Jathanna, Naveen Kumar, Ramya M.K, and Elizabeth Issac. "Comparative evaluation of surface roughness and texture of polished nanofill and nanohybrid composites using profilometer and scanning electron microscope: in - vitro study." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 9, no. 2 (2017): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.9_2_3.
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BACKGROUND: To determine the effectiveness of three polishing systems on three different composite materials by evaluating surface roughness using a Profilometer and Scanning electron microscope. METHODOLOGY: A total of Sixty-three resin composite disks were prepared in rectangular acrylic mould of 8×2mm dimension, with 4mm thickness. Specimens were made of light activated resin composite Filtek Z-250-XT, Tetric-N-Ceram bulkfill, Ceram X Duo. The sixty-three samples were divided into three groups of twenty-one samples each i.e. Group A (Filtek Z-250-XT), Group B (TetricN-Ceram bulkfill) and Group C (Ceram-X-Duo).Out of 21 samples of each of the material, 7 specimens were polished with multi enhance polishing agents, 7 specimens were polished with super snap polishing agents and 7 specimens were polished with sof-lexdiscs.Surface roughness of each sample after polishingwasevaluatedusingProfilometer and Scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: One-way anova and kruskalwallis test was used for statistical analysis. Ceram-X-Duo gave least roughness average value with Super snap polishing system when compared to multi enhance and sof-lex polishing system. CONCLUSION: Super snap polishing system is a better polishing system than multi enhance and soflex and Ceram-X-Duo composite material offers better polishability compared to Filtek Z-250-XT and Tetric-N-Ceram bulk fill.
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de Andrade, Ana Karina Maciel, Rosângela Marques Duarte, Fábia Danielle Sales Cunha Medeiros e Silva, et al. "30-Month randomised clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanofill and a nanohybrid composite." Journal of Dentistry 39, no. 1 (2011): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.09.005.
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Abdulateef, Omar F., and Nevin ÇOBANOĞLU. "12- months color stability of direct resin composite veneers in anterior teeth: Clinical trial." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 34, no. 3 (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v34i3.3216.
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Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Participants were divided into four groups based on the type of composite resin used for restorations. Group 1 nanohybrid Ips Empress direct (Ivoclar Vivadent)](IPS) (13 restorations/6 patients), group 2 microfilled [Essentia (GC cooperation Japan)](ES) (14 restorations / 7 patients), group 3 supra-nano filled [ Estelite ∑ Quick (Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan)](EQ) (17 restorations / 7 patients) and group 4 nanofill [Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE)](FU) (13 restorations / 5 patients). Baseline Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer immediately after finishing and polishing (baseline), and after one year of recall, color change (ΔE) from baseline values and after one year of follow-up of DCVs were calculated according to CIELab color coordinates. For this, a silicone mold was fabricated for each patient and used as a guide for each measurement to standardize the site of the readings. Statistical analysis of the data was applied using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc test after controlling the distribution of data in terms of normality with the Shapiro Wilk test. Results: At the end of one year,25 participants(57restorations) were followed up. The mean ΔE of IPS, EQ, and FU composites were higher than the ES composite resin, but there was no statically significant difference between all types of composites (P> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ΔL* between any types of composite resin (p> 0.05). There was a significant change in Δa* and Δb* after a one-year recall for all the types of DCV restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After one year of follow-up, the spectrophotometer measurements of direct resin composite veneer restorations, it was concluded no difference between the mean ΔE of ES, IPS, FU, and EQ resin composite. ES (Microfilled hybrid) showed a lower mean ΔE value compared to the other groups. All groups of resin composite showed color changes within clinically acceptable levels after a one-year follow-up.
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Assed Bezerra Silva, Raquel, Fernanda Regina Ribeiro Santos, Augusto Cesar Cropanese Spadaro, et al. "Profile of Fluoride Release from a Nanohybrid Composite Resin." Dentistry 3000 3, no. 1 (2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/d3000.2015.29.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the amount and profile of fluoride release from a fluoride-containing nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric® N-Ceram) by direct potentiometry. Thirty specimens (5 mm diameter x 3 mm high; n=10/material) were made of Tetric® N-Ceram, Vitremer® resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (positive control) or Filtek® Z350 nanofill composite resin (negative control). The specimens were stored individually in plastic tubes containing 1 mL of artificial saliva at 37°C, which was daily renewed during 15 days. At each renewal of saliva, the amount of fluoride ions released in the solution was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode with ion analyzer, and the values obtained in mV were converted to ppm (µg/mL). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the resins Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek® Z350 did not release significant amounts of fluoride during the whole period of evaluation (p>0.05). Only Vitremer® released significant amounts of fluoride ions during the 15 days of the experiment, with greater release in first 2 days (p<0.05) and stabilization in the subsequent days (p>0.05). In conclusion, the nanohybrid composite resin Tetric® N-Ceram did not present in vitro fluoride-releasing capacity throughout the 15 days of study.
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Virgiani, Yasmin Safira, Adioro Soetojo, and Nanik Zubaidah. "DISCOLORATION OF NANOHYBRID AND NANOFILLER RESIN COMPOSITES AFTER EXPOSURE TO TURMERIC." Conservative Dentistry Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v11i1.2021.46-49.
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Background: Recently, the demand of aesthetic restorative has greatly increased and enchourages the development of composite resin material. The latest technology of composite is nanohybrid and nanofiller composites. However, color stability of nanohybrid and nanofiller resin composites can be influence by intrinscic and (or) extrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor depends on the composition on the resin composite and extrinsic factor such as colored food and beverages. Turmeric as a food ingredients, that is often consumed by Indonesians can cause discoloration in composites, because it contains the active pigment curcuminoid. The discoloration of nanohybrid and nanofilles composites can caused by the process of water sorbstion and curcumin particles. Purpose: Explain the discoloration of nanohybrid and nanofiller resin composites after exposure to turmeric and the factor that influence. Review(s): The reaction between the curcumin contained in turmeric and nanohybrid as well as nanofiller composites can cause discoloration in both composites. One of the reasons behind the discoloration on composite resin is that the composite resin can absorb water and its substances are carried by the water. Discoloration of composites was influence by the concentration of turmeric solution, pH of the solution, finishing and polishing process, temperature, time of exposure, composition of filler and matrix. Conclusion: Turmeric as an extrinsic factor can cause color changes in nanohybrid and nanofiller composites (ΔE>3,3), where the level of color change can be obtained by intrinsic factors, such as composition of filler and matrix, and other extrinsic factors.
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Bilge Büber, Tuğba, and Elif Pınar Bakır. "Effect of mouthwash on color change and solubility of composite resins." Journal of Dental Sciences and Education 1, no. 1 (2023): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/jdse-0002.
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Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of currently available mouthwashes on color changes and solubilities of composite resins by comparing them. Methods: Three different types of composite resins, namely nanofill, nanohybrid, and microhybrid resins (Filtek Ultimate, Estelite Sigma Quick, and Filtek Z250, respectively), were used in thisstudy. A total of 120 samples, with 40 foreach composite material, were prepared. The composite resins were placed in plastic molds of 10 mm × 2 mm with round disc shapes and polymerized with an LED light device. After finishing and polishing them with a polishing disc, the prepared samples were stored in distilled water. Initial color measurements were performed using the VITA Easyshade V device (VITA, Germany) for color stability evaluations. For solubility measurements, the dry weights of the samples were measured and their diameters and thicknesses were recorded with a caliper. Samples from each group were then immersed in three different mouthwashes (Kloroben, Listerine Advanced White, and Colgate Plax) twice a day for 2 minutes for 14 days. After 14 days, color and weight measurements were repeated for all samples. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Significant color changes were detected in all samples as a result of color measurements (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed for all solution groups in terms of color change, but the lowest amount of color change was observed with the Colgate Plax solution. Comparisons of composite groups revealed that Filtek Ultimate was the composite with the lowest amount of color change. Positive solubility values were recorded for all samples as a result of solubility measurements. Although no significant difference was observed among composite groups in terms of solubility, higher solubility levels were detected with the Kloroben, Listerine Advanced White, and Colgate Plax solutionscompared to the control group. Conclusion: In thisstudy, in all evaluated composite groups, acceptable levels of color change and solubility were detected, with values varying depending on the composite material after immersion in the mouthwashes.
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Alturki, Basem N., Wjoud W. Albishi, Fahad M. Alsadi, and Khaled M. El-Tubaigy. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Two Different Resin-based Materials: A Comparative Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 10 (2017): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2147.
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ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of two different resin-based composite materials (nanofill composite and ormocer) and correlate it with some mechanical properties of these two restorative materials. Materials and methods Two different resin-based materials (Filtek Supreme XT and Admira) were tested. A total of 30 samples of each type of selected composite were prepared. Specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours. Then, the specimens were subjected to DC, hardness, and diametral tensile strength (DTS) measurements. The data obtained were tabulated for statistical analysis. The t-test was used to detect the significant difference among the variables tested in this study. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the studied parameters was investigated using a simple correlation coefficient statistical test. Results Statistically significant differences were observed regarding DC, hardness, and DTS. Filtek Supreme XT presented the highest values. There was a positive correlation between DC and hardness. Also there was a correlation between DC and DTS, but it was not significant. Conclusion Under the tested experimental conditions, the DC of Filtek Supreme XT was higher than that of Accordingly, Filtek Supreme XT showed better mechanical properties. Clinical significance Filtek Supreme XT showed superior mechanical properties. Therefore, orthodontic bracket-based composite combinations may also be expected to perform well clinically over the lifetime of a bonded orthodontic appliance. How to cite this article Baeshen H, Alturki BN, Albishi WW, Alsadi FM, El-Tubaigy KM. Mechanical and Physical Properties of Two Different Resin-based Materials: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):905-910.
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Rocha, Ana Carolina de Carvalho, Cecília Santiago Araújo de Lima, Maria do Carmo Moreira da Silva Santos, and Marcos Antonio Japiassú Resende Montes. "Evaluation of surface roughness of a nanofill resin composite after simulated brushing and immersion in mouthrinses, alcohol and water." Materials Research 13, no. 1 (2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392010000100016.
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Viwattanatipa, Nita, Walaitip Jermwiwatkul, Rochaya Chintavalakorn, and Nuntinee Nanthavanich. "The effect of different surface preparation techniques on the survival probabilities of orthodontic brackets bonded to nanofill composite resin." Journal of Orthodontics 37, no. 3 (2010): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/14653121043065.
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Celik, Cigdem, Bulem Yuzugullu, Selim Erkut, and Kıvanc Yamanel. "Effects of Mouth Rinses on Color Stability of Resin Composites." European Journal of Dentistry 02, no. 04 (2008): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697388.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials.Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable lowshrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic compositeresin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value ΔE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05.Results: All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05).Conclusions: It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:247-253)
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Veera, Y. Anshu Minocha Bhanu pratap Singh. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MARGINAL LEAKAGE AMONG TOOTH COLORED DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS (CENTION N, ACTIVA BIOACTIVE RESTORATIVE AND NANOFILL COMPOSITE) IN CLASS II RESTORATIONS USING STEREOMICROSCOPE: AN IN-VITRO STUDY." International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review 05, no. 05 (2022): 368–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7047231.
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Abstract Composite restorations occupied commendable place among direct restorative materials<sup>1</sup> .The esthetic properties and bonding to the tooth structure and command setting are the unique features of composite restorations<sup>2,3</sup>.The other advantages of composite’s availability of desired consistencies based on shape, size and volume of the filler particles, such as flowable, packable, bulk filled resins also available site specific demand subjected to withstand various levels of occlusal loads. Based on curing type, chemically cured, light cured and dual cured systems which made possible to control setting time as well as minimise shrinkage stresses and also duel and chemical cured resins can be restored where curing light inaccessable<sup>4</sup>. Commercial dentin adhesives are usually provided by the manufacturers for corresponding composite materials because interchanging of adhesives can produce incompatibility, which may impair the marginal seal and the performance of the restoration. This incompatibility may also account for the conflicting results of the in vitro marginal seal obtained with some dentin bonding agents. Consistent, long-lasting, nonleaking margins have not yet been achieved in composite resin restorations that are finished in dentin. There is a need for an effective, durable dentin adhesive agent. Even though the composite restorations having a wide range of merits, equally demerits also evident, such as least wear resistance, polymerization shrinkage and higher thermal expansion ultimately responsible for marginal leakage, postoperative discomfort due to sensitivity, secondary caries and finally clinical failure of the restoration<sup>5,6</sup> . Larry Hench in 1969 was the first to use the term bioactive materials in describing a new material for bone reconstruction that could be able to form a bond to body tissues. The early concept of bioactivity was limited to a biomaterial that elicits a specific biological response at the material tissue interface which results in the formation of a bond between them. Till now, the concept of bioactive materials had extremelyexpanded . Bioactivity arises when a material could be elicits combination of an intracellular and extracellular response through its interface. These materials are used mainly for repair, reconstruction and regeneration of dental insults. For example, glass ionomer has been described as bioactive material due to their ability to remineralize of tooth structure, in addition to continuous dynamic release of fluoride which delay the secondary caries around the restoration margins<sup>7</sup>.
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Tuncer, Safa, Mustafa Demirci, Evren Öztaş, Neslihan Tekçe, and Ömer Uysal. "Microhybrid versus nanofill composite in combination with a three step etch and rinse adhesive in occlusal cavities: five year results." Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics 42, no. 4 (2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.253.
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JUNIOR, S., J. FERRACANE, and A. BONA. "Flexural strength and Weibull analysis of a microhybrid and a nanofill composite evaluated by 3- and 4-point bending tests." Dental Materials 24, no. 3 (2008): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.013.
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Baseren, Meserret. "Surface Roughness of Nanofill and Nanohybrid Composite Resin and Ormocer-based Tooth-colored Restorative Materials after Several Finishing and Polishing Procedures." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 19, no. 2 (2004): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328204044011.
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Chen, Zhen, Huiqi Xie, Linfeng Hu, Min Chen, and Limin Wu. "Fabrication of novel lamellar alternating nitrogen-doped microporous carbon nanofilm/MoS2 composites with high electrochemical properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 43 (2017): 22726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta07136a.
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Nitrogen-doped microporous carbon nanofilm/MoS<sub>2</sub> composites (NMC-nanofilm@MoS<sub>2</sub>) were synthesized by immersing MOP nanofilms in (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>MoS<sub>4</sub> methanol solution and a subsequent annealing process.
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Hodobet, Cristina, Anna Maria Pangica, Anamaria Florescu, Violeta Hancu, and Florentina Cornelia Biclesanu. "In vitro Comparative Study on the Marginal Adaptation of Direct, Semi-direct and Indirect Composite Resins Restorations to Dentine and Dental Cementum." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 11 (2018): 3138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.11.6699.
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The aim of the present study is to compare the marginal adaptation of direct, semi-direct and indirect restorations made with nanofill and microhybrid composite materials and ormocers materials bonded with SE adhesives at the dentin and cementum. 120 standardized class II cavities were prepared (40 for each techniques- RD, RSD, RI) with the gingival margin over and below to the cementum-enamel junction. The teeth (n= 20) were restored using one of three adhesive systems (OptiBond XTR, G-Premio Bond bottle refill, Futurabond U) with incrementally placed composite restorations and ormocers. After applying the various restorations, the teeth were prepared for SEM analysis to check the marginal adaptation by the presence of continuous margins or gaps. Comparative analysis of treatment methods and materials used was performed by statistical analysis of Chi-square test data, the statistical significance was p [0.05 and Fisher�s Exact Test for validation of results. It was found that among the three materials used for RD, RSD, RI both at the dentin and the cementum, there are no significant differences (RD d = 0.661, RSD/d = 0.755, RSD/c = 0.942; RI/d = 0.739; RI/c = 0.985). Comparison between the presence of continuous margins/gaps subgingivally and supragingivally at the three types of restorations shows that there are significant differences between the marginal adaptation at the cementum and dentin to all the restoration techniques used (p [0.05). Direct and indirect restorations with nanocomposites and ormocers bonded with 1-step SE adhesive are the best solutions for restoring the posterior teeth.
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Fortuna, Gloria, Bintoro Kardinoto, and Sari S. Pandita. "Pengaruh Perendaman Resin Komposit Nanofil dalam Obat Kumur Probiotik Non-Alkohol terhadap Kekerasan Permukaan." e-GiGi 14, no. 1 (2025): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.v14i1.61690.
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Abstract: Recently, composite resin has become the most desired restorative materials. Due to its small filler particle, nanofilled resin composite deliver a superb result in esthetical aspect. However, composite’s mechanical properties could be affected by various factors, for example by using mouthwash. Mouthwash with probiotics has been popular these day, which results in positive effect on oral hygiene, such as lower plaque index. However, the effect of probiotic mouthwash to mechanical properties of nanofilled resin composite is yet to be researched. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanofilled resin composite immersion in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash on surface hardness. Samples were nanofilled resin composite Filtek Z350 XT mould into silindrical shape and cured. The samples were immersed in fabricated saliva and their surface hardness were measured with Vickers hardness test (pre-test). There were four sample groups: 12-hour and 24-hour saliva immersed group, and 12-hour and 24 hour non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash immersed group. After the immersion of each group, surface hardness of each sample was tested with Vickers hardness test (post-test). This results showed that there was significantly reduction of hardness between pre-test and post-test samples in each group, and real reduction of hardness between samples immersed in saliva and non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash. There was no significant difference between samples immersed in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash for 12 hours and 24 hours. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in nanofilled resin composite hardness between before and after immersion in non-alcohol probiotic mouthwash. Keywords: nanofilled-resin composite; surface hardness; probiotic mouthwash Abstrak: Resin komposit merupakan bahan restorasi yang sangat digemari saat ini. Ukuran partikel filler resin komposit nanofil memberikan hasil yang sangat memuaskan dalam segi estetika, namun terkadang sifat mekanik resin komposit dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hal, salah satunya yaitu penggunaan obat kumur. Saat ini, telah beredar obat kumur yang mengandung probiotik yang dapat memberikan efek positif, seperti adanya penurunan plak indeks, namun, efek obat kumur probiotik terhadap sifat fisik resin komposit nanofil masih perlu diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perendaman resin komposit nanofil dalam obat kumur probiotik non-alkohol terhadap kekerasan permukaan. Sampel penelitian ialah resin komposit nanofil Filtek Z350 XT yang dibentuk menjadi silinder dan disinar. Sampel direndam dalam saliva buatan sebagai pre-test, kemudian kekerasan permukaan diukur dengan Vickers hardness test (pretest). Setelah itu sampel dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: kelompok saliva 12 dan 24 jam, dan kelompok obat kumur probiotik 12 jam dan 24 jam. Sampel direndam sesuai dengan waktu yang ditentukan pada tiap kelompok, kemudian dilakukan Vickers hardness test kembali (post-test). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terjadi penurunan nilai kekerasan yang bermakna antara sampel pre-test dengan sampel post-test pada setiap kelompok. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perendaman 12 jam dan 24 jam dalam obat kumur probiotik non-alkohol. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kekerasan permukaan resin komposit nanofil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan obat kumur probiotik non-alkohol. Kata kunci: resin komposit nanofil; kekerasan permukaan; obat kumur probiotik
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Hamdi, K., Z. Aboura, W. Harizi, and K. Khellil. "Improvement of the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer by incorporation of nanofillers and the resulting thermal and mechanical behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (2017): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726588.
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This work tends to characterize the effect of carbon black nanofillers on the properties of the woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers. First of all, composites from nanofilled Polyamide 6 resin reinforced by carbon fibers were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed to localize the nanoparticles and showed that particles penetrated the fiber zone. In fact, by reaching this zone, the carbon black nanofillers create a connectivity's network between fibers, which produces an easy pathway for the electrical current. It explains the noticed improvement of the electrical conductivity of the carbon black nanofilled composites. Electrical conductivity of neat matrix composite passed from 20 to 80 S/cm by adding 8 wt% of carbon black and to 140 S/cm by adding 16 wt% of the same nanofiller. The addition of nanofillers modifies the heating and cooling laws of carbon fiber reinforced polymer: the nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced polymer with 16 wt% is the most conductive so it heats less. Based on these results, the use of the composite itself as an indicator of this mechanical state might be possible. In fact, the study of the influence of a mechanical loading on the electrical properties of the composite by recording the variance of an electrical set is possible.
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Yang, Guoqing, Junda Cui, Yoshimichi Ohki, Deyi Wang, Yang Li, and Kai Tao. "Dielectric and relaxation properties of composites of epoxy resin and hyperbranched-polyester-treated nanosilica." RSC Advances 8, no. 54 (2018): 30669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05846f.
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Ferrari, Beatriz, María Asueta, Laura Fusaro, and Andrea Kaplan. "Mechanical and bonding properties of different combinations of nanohybrid and bulk-fill composites." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 34, no. 3 (2021): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.34/3/221.
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The aim of this research was to determine compressive and shear bond strength of blocks prepared with bulk-fill and nanofill composite resin combinations. Materials used were Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF) and Z350 (both 3M-ESPE) and Surefil SDR flow (SFF) - Dentsply. To determine shear bond strength, cylindrical specimens 10 mm thick were prepared with composite consisting of thicknesses of 6 mm of one material and 4 mm of the other, in the following combinations: G1: FBF- FBF; G2: Z350-Z350, G3: FBF-Z350, G4: Z350-SFF and G5: SFFSFF. Materials were cured using a 1100 mw/cm2 light for 20 seconds for each layer. Samples were stored for 24 hours at 37 °C in distilled water and shear bond strength was determined. To assess compressive strength, cylindrical samples 4 mm diameter and 6 mm thick consisting of 4 mm + 2 mm were used in the same combinations as described above, stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hours, after which compressive strength was determined. Both tests were performed with a Universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 mm/min. Results were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Means and standard deviations in MPa for each group were the following: Shear bond strength: G1: 435.87 (65.86), G2: 233.6 (108.15), G3: 279.2 (22.05), G4:449.1 (109.35) and G5: 196.6 (51.16). Compressive strength: G1:160.07(4.27), G2: 149.49 (14.06), G3: 156.10 (29.99), G4: 199-30(39.28), G5: 171.23 (28.71). Evaluation with ANOVA showed no significant differences among combinations for compressive strength (p>0.05) and significant differences for bond strength (p<0.05). Tukey’s test showed three homogeneous groups. Under these experimental conditions, it can be concluded that the study combinations have adequate mechanical behavior, equivalent to materials used individually. However, shear bond strength was affected by the combinations analyzed.
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Reszka, Kazimierz, Jan Rakoczy, and Jerzy Morgiel. "Application of SEM/TEM to Tests on Pt Distribution in Al2O3 Films Obtained by Oxidising FeCrAl Steel Foil Coated with Pt-Al Nanofilms." Advances in Science and Technology 66 (October 2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.66.23.
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Good dispersion of active catalytic elements, their uniform distribution on the carrier’s surface and availability for neutralised combustion gases are key factors that determine the usability of catalyst cartridges for automotive catalytic reactors. By examining the morphology of oxide films, with SEM/STEM method, obtained by oxidation of foil coated with Pt/Al two-layered system (like laminate), where an Al nanofilm is situated between steel foil and a Pt nanofilm, one can observe forked and plate whiskers growing directly of substrate. Oxide films obtained from Pt+Al composite nanofilms were formed differently (where components are intermixed). These films are marked by chaotic, mutually penetrating fine equiaxed solids and whiskers. In case of composite nanofilms the grain system obtained in the course of deposition contributed to good Pt grain refining, and due to that mostly particles from 3 to 9 nm in conventional diameter were formed. Direct contact between Pt particles and Al particles caused the partial occlusion of Pt particles with oxide in the process of Al oxidation to be effected.
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Yin, Wei. "Assembling of Composite of Ag/TiO2/Eu-MCM with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.593.
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Ag/TiO2/Eu-MCM composite was prepared by a nanofilm of silver coating on a nanofilm of anatase TiO2assembled onto the internal and external pore surface of a hierarchical micro/meso/macroporous molecular sieve Eu-MCM. The composites Ag/TiO2/Eu-MCM exhibited significant photocatalytic characteristics with more than four times higher UV-Vis-induced catalytic degradation for phenol than that of pure TiO2. The result is attributed to the composites possess vast specific surface areas, big pore width in favor of mass transfer, strong absorbance of nanofilm silver to UV-Vis light, rapid photoelectron transfer from excited nanofilm of TiO2to silver nanofilm, and reduction of the recombination probability of hole and photoelectron. There exists an excellent linear correlation with a correlation coefficient 0.979 between photocatalysis and fluorescence of the composite. A photocatalytic intermediate benzoquinone was measured using HPLC techniques during the process of photocatalytic degradation phenol under a weak UV-Vis radiation condition that indicated organic phenol was first oxidized into benzoquinone and finally degraded into inorganic species of carbon dioxide and water.
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Hartini, I. Gusti Agung Ayu, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tista, and Sang Ayu Made Dharmayanti Pratiwi. "The effect of imposing apple (Malussylvestris Mill) juice on discoloration of nanofiller and nanohybrid composites." Makassar Dental Journal 12, no. 2 (2023): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v12i2.777.
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Composite resin can undergo discolouration if exposed to dyes. The use of apples can whiten teeth because they contain ma-lic acid. True experiment research with pretest-posttest with control group design using 24 samples divided into 6 treatments, namely sample groups 1 and 2 (nanofiller and nanohybrid composite groups that have been discoloured soaked in apple fruit juice (Malus sylvestris Mill) 80% concentration, groups 3 and 4 (negative control group, discoloured nanofiller and nanohy-brid composites soaked in distilled water) and groups 5 and 6 (positive control group, discoloured nanofiller and nanohybrid composites soaked in 10% carbamide peroxide). The colour change was determined with a shade guide (Vitapan Classical). The results were normally distributed and homogeneous. One-way Anova test showed there was a significant difference in each group. In the independent t-test, there was a significant difference in colour change between nanofiller and nanohybrid composite resins that experienced discoloration in 80% apple juice immersion. It was concluded that nanofiller composite resin had lower discolouration compared to nanohybrid.
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Dewi, Ni Nyoman Sri Satya Sai Savitri Laksmi, Ni Kadek Fiora Rena Pertiwi, and I. G. A. Sri Pradnyani. "Perbedaan tingkat kekerasan permukaan mikrofiller resin komposit dan nanofiller resin komposit setelah direndam larutan kopi." Bali Dental Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/bdj.v4i2.52.
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Background: Acid content in coffee such as chlorogenic acid cause the coffee has a low pH and lead a decrease in the surface hardness of the composite resin. The acid content in coffee that is absorbed by the composite resin will break the bond between matrix and filler, so that the matrix becomes detached and decompose resulting resin in lower strengh and resin become plastic. The aim of this research was to know how the difference in surface hardness level of microfilled resin composite and nanofilled resin composite after soaking in coffee.
 Methods: Laboratory experimental research was conducted on 32 composite specimen which were devide into 2 groups, group I was a microfilled resin composite and group II was a nanofilled resin composite. Each group consist of the control group and the intervention group. The control group was soaked with salin for 9 hours, and the intervention group soaked with coffeee dissolved in 100ml waters for 9 hours and then place in an incubator at 37° Celsius. Before and after the intervention, surface hardness of the sample was measures using a Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The data were analyzed by Shapiro Wilk to know the normality of sample and followed by Mann Whitney test.
 Result: Mann Whitney test result showed that p value > 0,05, indicated that there was no significant difference of reduction in surface hardness between microfilled and nanofilled resin composite after soaked in coffee.
 Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is there are the difference in the surface hardness level between microfilled resin composite and nanofilled resin composite after soaking in coffee
 
 Latar Belakang: Kandungan asam didalam kopi seperti asam klorogenat menyebabkan kopi memiliki pH rendah dan menyebabkan penurunan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit. Kandungan asam pada larutan kopi yang diserap oleh resin komposit akan merusak ikatan antara matrix dan filler, sehingga matrix menjadi terlepas dan terurai yang menyebabkan menurunnya kekuatan resin dan resin menjadi plastis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui baagaimana perbedaan tingkat kekerasan permukaan mikrofiller resin komposit dan nanofiller resin komposit setelah perendaman pada larutan kopi.
 Metode: Telah dilakukan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik pada 32 buah sampel resin komposit yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok dimana kelompok I merupakan sampel mikrofiller resin komposit dan kelompok II merupakan sampel nanofiller resin komposit. Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol direndam menggunakan salin selama 9 jam, dan Kelompok Perlakuan direndam menggunakan kopi yang dilarutkan dalam 100ml air selama 9 jam lalu diletakkan didalam incubator dengan suhu 37° celcius. Sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, kekerasan permukaan sampel diukur menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis, dimana uji normalitas dengan menggunakan Shapiro wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan Mann Whitney.
 Hasil: Dari hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan nilai p = 0,529>0,05 menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penurunan kekerasan yang signifikan antara mikrofiller dan nanofiller setelah direndam pada larutan kopi.
 Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat penurunan kekerasan permukaan mikrofiller resin komposit dan nanofiller resin komposit setelah direndam pada larutan kopi.
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Ahmad, Mohammad Asraf Alif, Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Mohamad Reda A. Refaai, Cheng Ee Meng, and Maslinda Abu Bakar. "Damage self-sensing and strain monitoring of glass-reinforced epoxy composite impregnated with graphene nanoplatelet and multiwalled carbon nanotubes." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (2022): 1977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0117.
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Abstract The damage self-sensing and strain monitoring of glass-reinforced epoxy composites impregnated with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging methods were used to fabricate the composite. Mechanical stirrer, high shear mixer, and ultrasonic probe were used to mix the nanofiller and epoxy. The loadings of the nanofiller used were 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5 wt%. The specimens were tested using in situ electromechanical measurements under mechanical tests. The results show that the type and weight content of the nanofiller affect the electrical properties, damage self-sensing behaviour, and mechanical properties of the composites. The electrical conductivity of the GNP-glass and MWCNT-glass composites increased with nanofiller content. The tensile and flexural strengths of the composite improved with the addition of GNP and MWCNT nanofillers from 0.5 to 3 wt%. The 3 wt% nanofiller loading for GNP and MWCNT produces better mechanical–electrical performance. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the dispersion of GNP and MWCNT nanofillers in the composites.