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Journal articles on the topic 'Necessity and sufficiency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Puiu, Fatulescu. "Mathematics in Economics: Necessity or Sufficiency?" International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 01, no. 04 (2012): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/01/04/2012/01.

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2

Kim, Yong Chan. "MODAL, NECESSITY, SUFFICIENCY AND CO-SUFFICIENCY OPERATORS." Korean Journal of Mathematics 20, no. 3 (2012): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11568/kjm.2012.20.3.293.

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3

O'Brien, David P., and George M. Davidson. "Evaluation of Evidence for Sufficiency, for Necessity, and for Necessity-and-Sufficiency." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, no. 3 (1989): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402381.

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We report two experiments with 120 undergraduate subjects. The tasks presented clearly articulated hypotheses concerning necessity, sufficiency, and necessity-and-sufficiency, together with possible combinations of treatment conditions, and required subjects to judge whether, according to the hypotheses, the relevant outcomes will occur, will not occur, or might occur. The patterns of responses reveal how subjects understand the extensions of the concepts, i.e. what each hypothesis permits, requires, and excludes. Only necessity-and-sufficiency hypotheses generally led to logically adequate re

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4

Nadathur, Prerna. "Causal necessity and sufficiency in implicativity." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 26 (December 14, 2016): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v26i0.3863.

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Karttunen's (1971) implicative verbs are notable for generating inferences over their complements. English "manage to X", for instance, entails the truth of X: the entailment reverses with matrix negation and seems tied to the elusive presuppositional contribution of the implicative predicate (Coleman 1975). Building on Baglini & Francez (2015), and drawing on insights provided by implicative data from Finnish, I propose an account of the implicative class which links the lexical presuppositional content of an implicative verb to inferences over the truth-value of its complement via a mode

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5

Verschueren, Niki, Walter Schaeken, and Walter Schroyens. "Necessity and sufficiency in abstract conditional reasoning." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 18, no. 2 (2006): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440540000176.

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6

Takeshita, Jun-ichi, and Hidefumi Kawasaki. "NECESSITY AND SUFFICIENCY FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A PURE-STRATEGY NASH EQUILIBRIUM." Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 55, no. 3 (2012): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15807/jorsj.55.192.

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7

OLIVEIRA, ROGEL ESTEVES DE. "The sufficiency and necessity of (Swinburne’s) Natural Theology." Revista Brasileira de Filosofia da Religião 2, no. 1 (2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2358-82842015e17380.

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The conclusion of Swinburne’s book The existence of God is that “On our total evidence theism is more probable than not”. I will not dispute that conclusion, as others have done. I will concede that the conclusion is supported by Swinburne’s argument and that the argument is in fact “good”. I will question, however, the impact of that conclusion ”“ with the use of the argument that supports it - for the epistemological enterprise of justifying theistic belief, that is, the belief that God exists. Developing criticism given by Alvin Plantinga (2001), I will question the sufficiency and necessit

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8

SOKOLOVA, EKATERINA S., and ANASTASIA I. FILIMONOVA. "NFT FINANCIAL AND LEGAL REGULATION: NECESSITY AND SUFFICIENCY." Lobbying in the Legislative Process 3, no. 3 (2024): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2782-7372-2024-3-3-35-38.

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The article raises the question of the need to create a legal framework capable of regulating new financial elements; examines the diversity of the nature of a non-interchangeable token; analyzes the relationship of NFT with classical structures such as the object of civil relations, copyright and others; concludes the importance of distinguishing the essence of NFT in each case; the result of the study is a proposal to regulate individual manifestations NFT through the adoption of special legislation.

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9

Mayrhofer, Ralf, and Michael R. Waldmann. "Sufficiency and Necessity Assumptions in Causal Structure Induction." Cognitive Science 40, no. 8 (2015): 2137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12318.

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10

She, Yiyuan, and Pengwei Hao. "On the necessity and sufficiency of PLUS factorizations." Linear Algebra and its Applications 400 (May 2005): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2004.11.024.

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11

Garg, Naval. "Exploring role of gratitude in developing teacher leadership in Indian universities." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 5 (2020): 881–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-07-2019-0253.

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PurposeThe benefits of teacher leadership have attracted the attention of policymakers, practitioners and researchers. It is increasingly advocated as one of the most crucial and indispensable components of the school, college and university administration. The present study tends to investigate the role of gratitude in developing teacher leadership through examining sufficiency and necessity of thankfulness for educational leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores sufficiency and necessity of gratitude for seven dimensions of educational leadership with the help of correlation,

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12

Аршинский, Вадим, Vadim Arshinskiy, Леонид Аршинский, Leonid Arshinskiy, Сергей Бахвалов, and Sergey Bakhvalov. "THE PRINCIPLES OF NECESSITY AND SUFFICIENCY TO SYSTEMATIZE SOFTWARE." Automation and modeling in design and management of 2019, no. 2 (2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5cf2d1f855d980.40342469.

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The paper presents a possible approach to the systematization (including classification) of modern software. Most authors in the systematization implicitly proceed from the principle of sufficiency: the program is enrolled in a particular class based on what it can do, what tasks it is able to solve. This blurs the boundaries of the classes, since the same program object sometimes corresponds to different tasks. The paper proposes to proceed from the principle of necessity: the program belongs to the class, what tasks it needs to solve. Then the secondary capabilities of the software recede in

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13

Xu, Jinya, and Zhengyi Lu. "Sufficient and Necessary Center Conditions for the Poincaré SystemsP(2,2n)(n≤5)." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2011 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/762762.

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We obtain sufficient and necessary center conditions for the Poincaré systemP(2,2n)(n≤5). The necessity of the condition is derived from the first 2nfocal values by symbolic computation with Maple, and the sufficiency is proved by Volokitin's method.

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14

Savchenkova, L. V., M. N. Saidova, and N. S. Sanginova. "ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY OF COMMUNITY-ACKUIRED PNEUMONIA: NECESSITY AND SUFFICIENCY." Journal Infectology 8, no. 4 (2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2016-8-4-58-65.

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15

Fairley, Neil, Ken Manktelow, and David Over. "Necessity, Sufficiency, and Perspective Effects in Causal Conditional Reasoning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 52, no. 3 (1999): 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755829.

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16

Tong, Eddie M. W. "The sufficiency and necessity of appraisals for negative emotions." Cognition & Emotion 24, no. 4 (2010): 692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854040902933601.

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17

Lazarus, Arnold A. "On necessity and sufficiency in counseling and psychotherapy (revisited)." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 44, no. 3 (2007): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.3.253.

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18

Van De Putte, Frederik. "“That Will Do”: Logics of Deontic Necessity and Sufficiency." Erkenntnis 82, no. 3 (2016): 473–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9829-3.

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19

Arshinskiy, L. V., and V. L. Arshinsky. "Necessity and sufficiency in aggregation based on non-decreasing functions." Ontology of Designing 12, no. 1 (2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2022-12-1-93-105.

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The paper introduces the concept of aggregation of indicators as a mapping of a set of their values into a single numer-ical value (named aggregate) using a bounded non-decreasing and non-constant function U(X). The concepts of aggre-gation by necessity and sufficiency are introduced and it is shown that there are no other options for such aggregation. The properties of aggregation by necessity and sufficiency are investigated. The concepts of value and utility of a sub-set of indicators as measures of its necessity and sufficiency are introduced. The value is related to the decrease amount of

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20

Watson, David S., Limor Gultchin, Ankur Taly, and Luciano Floridi. "Local Explanations via Necessity and Sufficiency: Unifying Theory and Practice." Minds and Machines 32, no. 1 (2022): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11023-022-09598-7.

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AbstractNecessity and sufficiency are the building blocks of all successful explanations. Yet despite their importance, these notions have been conceptually underdeveloped and inconsistently applied in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), a fast-growing research area that is so far lacking in firm theoretical foundations. In this article, an expanded version of a paper originally presented at the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Watson et al., 2021), we attempt to fill this gap. Building on work in logic, probability, and causality, we establish the central role

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21

Nadathur, Prerna, and Sven Lauer. "Causal necessity, causal sufficiency, and the implications of causative verbs." Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5, no. 1 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.497.

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22

Winner, Ellen. "Talent: Don't confuse necessity with sufficiency, or science with policy." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 3 (1998): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98501239.

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Howe et al. fail to provide evidence that practice is sufficient and ignore evidence of high ability before instruction. They unsuccessfully discount savants; provide weak evidence against heritability of music, criticize retrospective evidence selectively, using it when it supports their position; and ultimately both accept and deny talent. Finally, they conflate a scientific question with one of policy.

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23

Searle, John R. "The causal powers of the brain: The necessity of sufficiency." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (1990): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00078092.

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24

Ruben, Robert J., and Richard Schwartz. "Necessity versus sufficiency: the role of input in language acquisition." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 47, no. 2 (1999): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(98)00132-3.

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25

McGraw, Kathleen M. "Conditions for assigning blame: The impact of necessity and sufficiency*." British Journal of Social Psychology 26, no. 2 (1987): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00771.x.

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26

Edwards, Alistair. "Causes of bewilderment: Necessity, sufficiency and facilitating conditions for democratization." Democratization 1, no. 2 (1994): 444–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510349408403403.

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27

Harvey, Frank P. "Rigor Mortis or Rigor, More Tests: Necessity, Sufficiency, and Deterrence Logic." International Studies Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1998): 675–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00102.

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28

Hilscher, Roman, and Vera Zeidan. "Coupled intervals in the discrete calculus of variations: necessity and sufficiency." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 276, no. 1 (2002): 396–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-247x(02)00495-x.

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29

Kuppens, Peter, Iven Van Mechelen, Dirk J. M. Smits, and Paul De Boeck. "The appraisal basis of anger: Specificity, necessity and sufficiency of components." Emotion 3, no. 3 (2003): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.3.254.

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30

Leischnig, Alexander, Kati Kasper-Brauer, and Sabrina C. Thornton. "Spotlight on customization: An analysis of necessity and sufficiency in services." Journal of Business Research 89 (August 2018): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.038.

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31

Yang, Hao, та Hong-Xu Li. "On the connection between S ^p-almost periodic functions defined on time scales and ℝ". Open Mathematics 20, № 1 (2022): 1819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2022-0550.

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Abstract It is well known that a sufficient and necessary condition for a continuous function g g to be almost periodic on time scale T {\mathbb{T}} is the existence of an almost periodic function f f on R {\mathbb{R}} such that f f is an extension of g g . The purpose of this article is to extend these results to S p {S}^{p} -almost periodic functions. We prove that the necessity is true, that is, an S p {S}^{p} -almost periodic function on T {\mathbb{T}} can be extended to an S p {S}^{p} -almost periodic function on R {\mathbb{R}} . However, a counterexample is given to show that the suffici

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32

TANG, CHAO-HONG, and HONG-XU LI. "THE CONNECTION BETWEEN PSEUDO ALMOST PERIODIC FUNCTIONS DEFINED ON TIME SCALES AND ON THE REAL LINE." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 95, no. 3 (2017): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972717000041.

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A necessary and sufficient condition for a continuous function $g$ to be almost periodic on time scales is the existence of an almost periodic function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $f$ is an extension of $g$. Our aim is to study this question for pseudo almost periodic functions. We prove the necessity of the condition for pseudo almost periodic functions. An example is given to show that the sufficiency of the condition does not hold for pseudo almost periodic functions. Nevertheless, the sufficiency is valid for uniformly continuous pseudo almost periodic functions. As applications, we give

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33

Tullmann, Katherine. "Questioning the necessity of the aesthetic modes." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 2 (2013): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001811.

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AbstractI question both the necessity and the sufficiency of Bullot & Reber's (B&R's) aesthetic modes. I argue that they have not shown how the aesthetic modes are truly “aesthetic” – how they concern our experience of artworks as opposed to other kinds of experiences or why the modes are individually necessary for one. I suggest the causal dependence of the modes should be modified.

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34

Deng, Jiale, and Yanyan Shen. "Self-Interpretable Graph Learning with Sufficient and Necessary Explanations." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 10 (2024): 11749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i10.29059.

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Self-interpretable graph learning methods provide insights to unveil the black-box nature of GNNs by providing predictions with built-in explanations. However, current works suffer from performance degradation compared to GNNs trained without built-in explanations. We argue the main reason is that they fail to generate explanations satisfying both sufficiency and necessity, and the biased explanations further hurt GNNs' performance. In this work, we propose a novel framework for generating SUfficient aNd NecessarY explanations (SUNNY-GNN for short) that benefit GNNs' predictions. The key idea

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35

MEI, Hong-yan. "Approach for finding optimized rules based on strength of necessity and sufficiency." Journal of Computer Applications 28, no. 3 (2008): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.00761.

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36

Nzioka, John Mosu, Dynesius Nyangau, and Dickson Nkonge Kagema. "Necessity and Sufficiency of Belief, Justification and Truth as Conditions for Knowledge." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VIII (2024): 696–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.808056.

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Philosophers have always considered knowledge in an epistemological perspective to entail propositional knowledge, not skill acquisition or possession or acquaintance. In order for information to qualify as knowledge, it must meet three necessary and sufficient conditions; belief, justification and truth. A necessary condition in knowledge is one without which we cannot validly claim to know. A necessary condition is that which offers enough basis to guarantee the existence of knowledge. However, some scholars have cast doubt as to whether these three conditions are necessary and sufficient fo

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37

Ilagan, Michael John, and Welfredo Patungan. "The relationship between intelligence and creativity: On methodology for necessity and sufficiency." Archives of Scientific Psychology 6, no. 1 (2018): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/arc0000050.

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38

Su, Lanlan, Peter Seiler, Joaquin Carrasco, and Sei Zhen Khong. "On the necessity and sufficiency of discrete-time O’Shea–Zames–Falb multipliers." Automatica 150 (April 2023): 110872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2023.110872.

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39

Chevaleyre, Yann, Ulle Endriss, and Nicolas Maudet. "Simple negotiation schemes for agents with simple preferences: sufficiency, necessity and maximality." Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 20, no. 2 (2009): 234–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-009-9088-7.

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40

Bennett, Andrew. "Process tracing with bayes: Moving beyond the criteria of necessity and sufficiency." Qualitative & Multi-Method Research 12, no. 1 (2014): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.894552.

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Social scientists have long recognized the study of evidence from within individual cases as a fundamental tool for causal inference. This evidence helps guard against the inferential errors that can arise from making causal inferences based only on comparisons among cases. Process tracing, the systematic study of evidence from within a single case to assess alternative explanations of that case, is a key method of within-case analysis.

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41

Garg, Naval, and Ayatakshee Sarkar. "Vitality among university students: exploring the role of gratitude and resilience." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 7, no. 3 (2020): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-03-2020-0041.

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PurposeVitality is an occurrence of having extremely high energy, stamina, physical or mental vigor. This study tends to investigate whether gratitude and resilience lead to vitality. In particular, it tends to examine the necessity and sufficiency of gratitude and resilience for vitality among Indian university students.Design/methodology/approachThe collected data are analyzed with the help of different statistical tools like the measure of central tendency, standard deviation, correlation, linear and multiple regression, and necessary condition analysis.FindingsThe results establish both gr

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42

Beaver, Joseph E. "Identifying Necessity and Sufficiency Relationships in Skeletal-Part Representation Using Fuzzy-Set Theory." American Antiquity 69, no. 1 (2004): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128351.

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Traditional approaches to the analysis of skeletal representation in faunal assemblages that employ correlation analyses work well when there is a linear or curvilinear relationship or no relationship at all between the variables under investigation. However, in taphonomic applications in zooarchaeology, these approaches can mask meaningful variation in certain cases where the relationship between the causal variable and skeletal-part representation is one of limitation rather than absolute determination. Such relationships are typified by triangular distributions of points in scatter plots. U

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43

Ginley-Hidinger, Matthew, Julia B. Carleton, Adriana C. Rodriguez, Kristofer C. Berrett, and Jason Gertz. "Sufficiency analysis of estrogen responsive enhancers using synthetic activators." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 5 (2019): e201900497. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900497.

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Multiple regulatory regions bound by the same transcription factor have been shown to simultaneously control a single gene’s expression. However, it remains unclear how these regulatory regions combine to regulate transcription. Here, we test the sufficiency of promoter-distal estrogen receptor α-binding sites (ERBSs) for activating gene expression by recruiting synthetic activators in the absence of estrogens. Targeting either dCas9-VP16(10x) or dCas9-p300(core) to ERBS induces H3K27ac and activates nearby expression in a manner similar to an estrogen induction, with dCas9-VP16(10x) acting as

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44

COCKAYNE, JOSHUA. "Empathy and divine union in Kierkegaard: solving the faith/history problem in Philosophical Fragments." Religious Studies 51, no. 4 (2015): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412515000116.

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AbstractSøren Kierkegaard's account of faith in Philosophical Fragments claims that the historical Incarnation is necessary for faith, but that historical evidence for the Incarnation is neither necessary nor sufficient for faith. It has been argued that the defence of these two claims gives rise to a faith/history problem for Kierkegaard and that it is incoherent to defend an account of faith which affirms both the necessity of the historical Incarnation and rejects the necessity and sufficiency of the historical evidence for the Incarnation. I argue that this problem can be solved by applyin

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45

Khong, Sei Zhen, and Lanlan Su. "On the necessity and sufficiency of the Zames–Falb multipliers for bounded operators." Automatica 131 (September 2021): 109787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109787.

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46

McGill, Ann L. "Relative use of necessity and sufficiency information in causal judgments about natural categories." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 1 (1998): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.70.

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47

ROBBINS, J. "Genetic modification of the heart: exploring necessity and sufficiency in the past 10Byears." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 36, no. 5 (2004): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.02.012.

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48

Ahn, Woo-kyoung, and Loranel M. Graham. "The Impact of Necessity and Sufficiency in the Wason Four-Card Selection Task." Psychological Science 10, no. 3 (1999): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00143.

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49

Rubtsova, O. S., and E. S. Gorbunova. "Necessity and Sufficiency of Facial Features in Categorization of Illustrated Surprise and Fear." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 94 (2024): 82–98. https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/94/5.

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The problem of illustrated emotions categorization plays an important role in many practical areas where illustrated or animated characters are used. It is necessary to understand the necessary features that lead to emotion recognition, considering the specifics of illustrated stimuli, so that the information can be perceived quickly and unambiguously. The present study aimed to expand the little-studied area of perception and categorization of illustrated emotions by studying the processing of illustrated emotions of surprise and fear in the “hidden-or-presented” paradigm, where images of emo

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50

Kawakami, Yuta, and Jin Tian. "Mediation Analysis for Probabilities of Causation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 25 (2025): 26823–32. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i25.34886.

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Probabilities of causation (PoC) offer valuable insights for informed decision-making. This paper introduces novel variants of PoC-controlled direct, natural direct, and natural indirect probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS). These metrics quantify the necessity and sufficiency of a treatment for producing an outcome, accounting for different causal pathways. We develop identification theorems for these new PoC measures, allowing for their estimation from observational data. We demonstrate the practical application of our results through an analysis of a real-world psychology dataset.

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