Relevant bibliographies by topics / Neolithic monuments

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Neolithic monuments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

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Telford, Denise. "The Mesolithic Inheritance: Contrasting Neolithic Monumentality in Eastern and Western Scotland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 68 (2002): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001547.

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Generalised socio-economic models have in the past been applied wholesale to Neolithic monuments throughout Scotland without taking the country's diverse physical landscape and cultural histories into account. This paper explores whether regional variations in Neolithic monumentality can be paralleled with earlier Mesolithic disparities, and considers to what extent, with the introduction of agriculture, contemporary social systems and thus the ideology underlying monumental construction was affected by geographical factors.It is suggested that:• Contrasts during the Mesolithic between the Western seaboard and the Eastern lowlands/South-east Scotland continue throughout the Neolithic.• The different functions of monuments during the Early Neolithic are generally dictated by divergent topography in Eastern and Western Scotland.• By the later Neolithic social hierarchies emerged in regions suited to agricultural development.
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Sims, Lionel, and David Fisher. "Through the Gloomy Vale: Underworld Alignments at Stonehenge." Culture and Cosmos 21, no. 1 and 2 (2017): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01221.0203.

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Three recent independently developed models suggest that some Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments exhibit dual design properties in monument complexes by pairing obverse structures. Parker Pearson’s1 materiality model proposes that monuments of wood are paired with monuments of stone, these material metaphors respectively signifying places of rituals for the living with rituals for the dead. Higginbottom’s2 landscape model suggests that many western Scottish megalithic structures are paired in mirror-image landscape locations in which the horizon distance, direction and height of one site is the topographical reverse of the paired site – all in the service of ritually experiencing the liminal boundaries to the world. Sims’3 diacritical model suggests that materials, landscapes and lunar-solar alignments are diacritically combined to facilitate cyclical ritual processions between paired monuments through a simulated underworld. All three models combine in varying degrees archaeology and archaeoastronomy and our paper tests them through the case study of the late Neolithic/EBA Stonehenge Palisade in the Stonehenge monument complex.
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Bates, C. Richard, Martin Bates, Chris Gaffney, Vincent Gaffney, and Timothy D. Raub. "Geophysical Investigation of the Neolithic Calanais Landscape." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 2975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242975.

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The northern and western isles of Scotland have proved fertile ground for archaeological investigation over the last 100 years. However, the nature of the landscape with its rugged coastlines and irregular topography, together with rapid peat growth rates, make for challenging surveying. Commonly, an archaeological monument or series of monuments is identified but little is known about the surrounding areas and, in particular, the palaeo-landscapes within which the monuments are located. This situation is exemplified by the standing stones of Calanais in Lewis. Here, surrounding peat bogs have buried a significant portion of the landscape around which the stones were first erected. This project identifies remote sensing geophysical techniques that are effective in mapping the buried (lost) landscape and thus aid better contextualisation of the stone monuments within it. Further, the project demonstrates the most appropriate techniques for prospecting across these buried landscapes for as yet unidentified stone features associated with the lives of the people who constructed the monuments.
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Was, John, and Aaron Watson. "Neolithic monuments: sensory technology." Time and Mind 10, no. 1 (2017): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1751696x.2016.1267922.

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Edwards, Benjamin. "A Henge Too Far? Reinterpreting the Neolithic Monument Complex at Milfield, Northumberland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027304.

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This paper reinterprets the archaeological evidence from the Neolithic monument complex in the Milfield Basin, Northumberland; a palimpsest landscape of earlier Neolithic enclosures, later Neolithic henges and Early Bronze Age burial monuments. Recent interpretative accounts of the Early Neolithic use of this complex have stressed economic factors as the driving-forces behind enclosure construction, whilst the six major later Neolithic henges have been integrated into a scheme of ritual processions. These interpretations are critically evaluated and the sites are placed in their regional and national context in an attempt to provide a new framework for the use and development of the complex. It is concluded that, far from having simplistic economic functions, the earlier Neolithic enclosures could be unique to the area. Representing the formalisation of a community's attempts to ensure social reproduction in times of change, through the articulation of the difference between circular and linear monumental forms. The re-examination of the later Neolithic evidence raises interesting questions as to how far we can ‘read’ monument complexes, and critically evaluates the extent to which we can argue a unity of purpose for these enigmatic accumulations of the past. Importantly, the reinterpretation of the Neolithic activity in this area exposes how readily archaeologists export social models from other regions, such as Wessex, and attempt to fit very diverse evidence into their framework. This paper concludes that we must continue the definition of the British Neolithic on a more regional basis and accept that core-periphery models, even if not explicitly articulated, have no place in archaeological explanation.
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Kipshidze, Shorena. "The Topography of Eastern and Western Georgian Monuments." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(532) (June 10, 2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2024-2-29-35.

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Today more than 70 Pre-farming cultural monuments are discovered on the territory of Transcaucasisa. On the territory of Eastern Georgia, The Pre-farming culture, known as The Shulaveri-Shomutepe culture is familiar, which is more developed and relatively better preserved than The Neolithic settlements of Western Georgia. The topography of Western Georgia with a range of peculiarities is radically different from the types of the Eastern Georgian Neolithic settlements. The Shulaveri-Shomutepe settlement, which is known as the Shulaveri culture, is discovered in Eastern Georgia. During the study of the monument the scientists discovered the homes built with muud-bricks. Their design is round or cone-shaped. The settlement types and dwelling environment proves the sign of long life of numerous populations. In Eastern Georgia only the Late Neolithic monuments are found. Because of the warm climate of Western Georgia, the Neolithic human must have lived in a wicker peasant typed house. This conditioned sign of structures is not evident in the West. Only the pits for posts and economical purposes are discovered. So, the remains found in the earth which were used for rebuilding the weaker peasant typed houses that were out of order, only helps the increase of cultural layers insignificantly. According to the topographical layout and scientific observation, consequential migration of the Neolithic settlements from the mountain to the plain is evident according to the epoch. This is the sign of the fast evolution of society. In terms of topography, Western Georgian Neolithic monuments greatly differ. Shulaveri-Shomutepe cultural settlements are presented on the man-made hills and are relatively more developed than the Eastern Georgian settlements. Only very thin layers are presented in Western Georgia. The main thing is that the monuments of all periods are confirmed in the West as well as in the East, which is very important. Today the peculiarities of Neolithic culture remain the subject of discussion and need the search of new resources. The discovery and study of new artifacts may cause the becoming out-of-date of the Neolithic Era and arising of new questions.
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Yudin, Aleksandr Ivanovich, and Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov. "New data about the early Neolithic of the steppe Volga Region." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 3 (2018): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873210.

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The issue of early Neolithic isolation in various territories is one of the most difficult to study. The early Neolithic steppe Volga Region was unknown for a long time. This is due to the small number of Neolithic monuments in the region of interest. The situation changed after the study of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The lower layer of this reference monument of the Orel culture belonged to the Middle Neolithic, layers 2B and 2A - to the late Neolithic. This version was based on a limited source base and a few radiocarbon dates, some of which were of a debatable nature. New field surveys in 2014-2017 on three excavations in Oroshaemoe Settlement and significant series of radiocarbon dates for various organic materials obtained in various laboratories (including AMS) allowed us to revise the periodization of both the Varfolomeevskaya site and the Oryol culture on the whole. This allows you to make a typological analysis of materials, as well as technical and technological analysis of ceramic implements. Thus, the earliest ceramics are made from silt with a natural admixture of shells of mollusks. The lower layer of the monument is now defined as Early Neolithic, layer 2B - the Middle Neolithic, layer 2A - late Neolithic.
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Roughley, Corinne. "The Neolithic Landscape of the Carnac Region, Brittany: New Insights from Digital Approaches." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 70 (2004): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001158.

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The typology and chronology of the Neolithic monuments of the Carnac region of Brittany have been much debated. However, the landscape of which they are a part has been under-researched, in part due to the difficulty of conducting landscape research in the field. Through complimenting fieldwork with digital approaches, this paper demonstrates that the Neolithic monuments were deliberately situated in distinct landscape settings. By investigating the characteristics of the locations of the various types of monuments, new insight can be shed on the ways in which the monuments were experienced and perceived.
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Pollard, Joshua. "Inscribing Space: Formal Deposition at the Later Neolithic Monument of Woodhenge, Wiltshire." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61 (1995): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003066.

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This paper presents evidence for intentionally structured deposition at the later Neolithic earthwork and timber setting of Woodhenge, near Amesbury, Wiltshire. Deposition is seen as a process through which a variety of connotations and symbolic references were incorporated in the monument, in addition to contributing towards a complex classification of space that served to order ceremonial and ritual practices. The evidence for formal deposition is also considered in the context of comparable, contemporary, activity at two other extensively excavated monuments in the region — Durrington Walls and Stonehenge I. Finally, complementarity and contrast in such special practices are viewed in relation to individual monument histories and the possiblity that, whilst the product of a general sacred tradition, the way in which each of the monuments was used was structured by different sets of meanings.
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Young, Andrew, and Andy M. Jones. "A Possible Cursus Monument at Lovington, Itchen Valley." Hampshire Studies 74, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2019001.

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This short paper reports on the discovery of a possible Neolithic cursus at Lovington. The potential cursus is a crop-mark site which was discovered on aerial photographs during the Hampshire South Downs Mapping project.<br/> This is a significant outcome as no other cursus monuments have previously been identified in Hampshire. Its relationship with the potential causewayed enclosure is also important given the apparent absence of Early Neolithic enclosures in Hampshire. The paper describes the crop-mark and reviews the evidence for the interpretation of the site as a cursus monument.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

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Loveday, Roy. "Cursuses and related monuments of the British Neolithic." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27649.

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Excavated sites provide the morphological criteria for cursus identification. Two principal plans exist: type A (convex terminals), type B (squared terminals); and three structural forms: ditched enclosures, pit (?post) defined enclosures and linearbanks. Application to cropmarks reveals a continuum from very short (5Om) to greatly elongated sites (564Om), divisible into groups titled MAJOR and MINOR CURSUSES and OBLONG DITCHES. The latter grade into cropmarks of ovate and trapeziform plan necessitating initially common treatment as ELONGATED DITCHES. Some may represent former multiple round barrows but the principal oblong ditch range is set apart. To an even greater degree than cursuses these are concentrated in the Midland/East Anglian region. Despite 1st millennium bc dates for three sites (two European) the majority can be ascribed to the Neolithic. Two types of monument are indicated: long mortuary enclosures and turf built long barrows. Long mortuary enclosures are distinguished from palisade enclosures(mound features) and regarded like shallow flanking ditches elsewhere (eg Dalladies) as delimiting the intended barrow precinct. Mounds probably stood within some priorto plough erosion but the heavy demands of turf construction ensured that they attained monumental permanence in the Midland / East Anglian region. Bank barrows with nominal mounds may also have been common there (extended oblong ditches). They represent the other element needed for Later Neolithic cursus development. It is suggested that this ancestry best explains cursus purpose: as a temenos associated with ancestral/mortuary practices. Extreme proportions ensured siting on extensively, rather than intensively, utilized land (in some cases wooded) but exceptional demands on land and labour are indicated only in Wessex and East Yorkshire. AIthough cursuses were probably the earliest pan tribal monuments, the form seems to have been refined during the 2nd millennium in their early heartland to the virtual exclusion of henges.
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Lewis, Jodie. "Monuments, ritual and regionality : the neolithic of northern Somerset." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340351.

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Harding, Jan. "Exploring space and time : the Neolithic monuments of lowland England." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319656.

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Prendergast, Kate. "The celestial orientation of monuments and social practice in Neolithic Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312924.

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McClanahan, Angela J. "monuments in practice : the heart of neolithic Orkney in its contemporary context." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490867.

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Murray, B. J. "The role of monuments in the Neolithic of the South of Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503680.

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Holyoak, Vincent Michael. "Neolithic and earlier Bronze Age monuments of Cornwall : their context and interpretation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269711.

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Millican, Kirsty Margaret. "Contextualising the cropmark record : the timber monuments of the Neolithic of Scotland." Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract. Move to record for print version, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/884/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.<br>Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Departments of Archaeology and History, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Fraser, Shannon Marguerite. "Physical, social and intellectual landscapes in the Neolithic contextualizing Scottish and Irish Megalithic architecture /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/787/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1996.<br>BLL : DX192053. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Art, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 1996. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
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Roughley, Corinne Frances. "Neolithic monuments in the southern Morbihan landscape : GIS and visualisation for archaeological interpretation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620443.

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Books on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

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D, Cummings Vicki Ph, and Pannett Amelia, eds. Set in stone: New approaches to Neolithic monuments in Scotland. Oxbow, 2004.

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Boujot, Christine. Carnac et environs: Architectures mégalithiques. Editions du patrimoine, Centre des monuments nationaux, 2012.

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Dienstag-Wu, Claire. Liangzhu, une culture néolithique du sud de la Chine. A.N.R.T., Université de Lille III, 2000.

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Mohen, Jean-Pierre. The world of megaliths. Cassell, 1989.

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Mohen, Jean-Pierre. The world of megaliths. Facts on File, 1990.

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Chinnian, P. A survey of the megalithic monuments in Periyar District, Tamil Nadu. Dept. of History, Sri Vasavi College, 1985.

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Caroline, Dyer, Barber Martyn, and English Heritage, eds. The creation of monuments: Neolithic causewayed enclosures in the British Isles. English Heritage, 2001.

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Barclay, Gordon. The Cleaven Dyke and Littleour: Monuments in the Neolithic of Tayside. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1998.

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Vicki, Cummings. Places of special virtue: Megaliths in the Neolithic landscapes of Wales. Oxbow, 2004.

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Garuti, Fabio. La civiltà ciociara nel Lazio pre-romano: Oltre 5.500 anni fa i grandi siti megalitico-poligonali, la dea madre, le stelle, i contatti con l'antica civiltà sarda. Anguana edizioni, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

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Grima, Reuben, and Simon Farrugia. "Landscapes, Landforms and Monuments in Neolithic Malta." In World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15456-1_7.

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Hayden, Christopher. "Houses and monuments: two aspects of settlements in Neolithic and Copper Age Sardinia." In Making Places In The Prehistoric World. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003421412-7.

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Harding, Jan. "The Neolithic and Bronze Age Monument Complex of Thornborough, North Yorkshire, UK." In Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_119.

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"Reading monuments." In Understanding the Neolithic. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203069561-5.

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Bradley, Richard, Julie Gardiner, and Rosamund Cleal. "The Earlier Neolithic." In Landscape, Monuments and Society. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511735578.003.

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Bradley, Richard, Julie Gardiner, Rosamund Cleal, et al. "The Later Neolithic." In Landscape, Monuments and Society. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511735578.004.

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Scarre, Chris. "The First Monuments." In Landscapes of Neolithic Brittany. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199281626.003.0004.

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Millican, Kirsty. "Seeing the Wood in the Trees: The Timber Monuments of Neolithic Scotland." In The Neolithic of Mainland Scotland. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748685721.003.0008.

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This paper presents an overview of evidence for timber monument in Scotland’s Neolithic, most of which have been found as cropmarks in the lowlands. The reviews looks at the impact of aerial survey (1976 onwards) and developer-funded excavations since the 1980s on this dataset, which has greatly expanded. Site categories discussed include timber cursus monuments, timber halls, mortuary structures, timber circles, palisaded enclosures and assorted miscellaneous sites. The author combines cropmark evidence, excavation results, radiocarbon dates and site visits to offering a fresh interpretation of this large group of monuments. They are also set within their broader social context.
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Younger, Rebecca K. "Making Memories, Making Monuments: Changing Understandings of Henges in Prehistory and the Present." In The Neolithic of Mainland Scotland. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748685721.003.0007.

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This paper offers a fresh insight into three of Scotland’s most complex henge monuments, based on a critical analysis of the term henge. The late Neolithic circular earthwork enclosures have undergone re-evaluation in Scotland as Early Bronze Age dates for some sites have emerged since the 1990s, and the author draws on the long-term nature of these monuments to explore what came before the earthworks. Case-study sites are Cairnpapple Hill, North Mains and Forteviot henge 1. Each is explored in terms of the centuries of re-use of the space for activities such as ceremony, deposition, fire-setting and monument construction, and viewed through a framework of social memory and commemoration,
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Richards, Colin. "Labouring with monuments:." In The Neolithic of the Irish Sea. Oxbow Books, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dq1n.14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

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Da Cruz, Tiffany Aires, Olivia Munoz, François Giligny, and Valérie Gouranton. "For a Perception of Monumentality in Eastern Arabia from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age: 3D Reconstruction and Multidimensional Simulations of Monuments and Landscapes." In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/vrw66409.2025.00018.

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Ivanischeva, M. "ВКЛАД ЛАБОРАТОРИИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИИМК РАН В РАЗРАБОТКУ ХРОНОЛОГИИ РАННЕГО НЕОЛИТА СЕВЕРА ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЛОСЫ". У Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-36-37.

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The report examines the results of long-term field research of monuments with cultural layers of the early Neolithic in the Vologda region and the problems of chronology of certain types of ceramics on the example of materials from the southern prionezh region.
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Бърлиева, Славия. "От неолита до ІХ век – паметници на предглаголическата графична култура по българските земи". У Кирило-методиевски места на паметта в българската култура. Кирило-Методиевски научен център, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59076/5808.2023.07.

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FROM THE NEOLITHIC TO THE 9th CENTURY – MONUMENTS OF THE PRE-GLAGOLIC GRAPHIC CULTURE IN THE BULGARIAN LANDS (Summary) The article presents the earliest monuments of written culture from Gradeshnitsa, Karanovo, and Dolnoslav, as well as the use of Greek, Latin and Gothic alphabets. Greek script in inscriptions in the Greek language has been recorded on a large number of epi¬graphic monuments in the Bulgarian lands, spanning more than a millennium. Latin writ¬ten culture came with the creation of the Roman provinces Macedonia, Thrace and Moe¬sia (after 86 AD, Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior). Geographically, Latin inscrip¬tions, containing public, religious and private texts, were scattered across the Bulgarian territory, having a greater density in the north of Bulgaria. Special attention is given to the Proto-Bulgarian runes and inscriptions as a specific phenomenon of profound significance. An assumption is made that they provided the basis for the Bulgarian literary tradition, laying the groundwork for a new written culture in an own language and letters.
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Дубовцева, Е. Н., Х. Пиецонка, and Т. Шрайбер. "NEW DATA ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS OF HUNTERS, FISHERMEN AND GATHERERS IN THE TAIGA ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA." In Материалы 23–25-го заседаний научно-методического семинара «Тверская земля и сопредельные территории в древности». Crossref, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70203/3919.2024.48.16.008.

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Таёжная зона Западной Сибири является территорией с длительной историей фортификационного строительства. Известны более тысячи укреплённых поселений и их прототипов. Большинство городищ относится к раннему железному веку и Средневековью, но первые укрепления датируются неолитом и появляются в регионе на рубеже VII–VI тыс. до н. э. Изучение этих объектов осложняется отсутствием надёжной хронологии. Для создания базы радиоуглеродного датирования памятников, связанных с различными типами оборонительных сооружений, проведён сбор образцов угля и нагара на посуде. Образцы отбирались как из музейных коллекций, так и в ходе полевых работ. Основным полигоном исследования являлось урочище Барсова Гора, памятники которого лежат в основе изучения культурных процессов и хронологии среднетаёжной подзоны Западной Сибири. Целью статьи является представление и анализ серии из 77 радиоуглеродных AMS-дат с 19 укреплённых и неукреплённых поселений от неолита до Средневековья. Для установления их надёжности проведена оценка дат по нескольким критериям, включающим в том числе стратиграфическое и тафономическое положение датируемого предмета, его связь с деятельностью человека, собственный возраст образца. Анализ серии показал, что около 17 % дат невалидны, что связано как с ошибками отбора и сложной стратиграфией, так и с проблемами метода, в том числе резервуарным эффектом. Многие памятники датировались впервые. The taiga zone of Western Siberia is an area with a long history of fortification construction. The number of known sites and their prototypes is more than 1000. Most of them belong to the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages, but the first fortifications are dated to the Neolithic period and appear in the region at the turn of 7th–6th millennium cal. BC. The study of this sites is impossible without the involvement of a reliable chronology. Unfortunately, the number of radiocarbon dates for monuments in the taiga zone of Western Siberia is extremely small. To create a reliable base for radiocarbon dating of monuments in the Surgut Ob’ region, associated with various types of defensive structures, we collected samples of charcoal charred food crusty on pottery. Samples were collected both from museum collections and in the course of new fieldwork. The main study area was the Barsova Gora archaeological complex, whose monuments form the basis for the study of cultural processes and the chronology of the Middle Taiga subzone of Western Siberia. As a result, a series of new 77 AMS radiocarbon dates from 19 fortified and unfortified settlements from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages was obtained. Critical analysis of the series showed that about 17 % of the dates are invalid, which is associated with both selection errors and complex stratigraphy, as well as problems of the method, including the freshwater reservoir eff ect. Many monuments were dated for the first time.
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Reports on the topic "Neolithic monuments"

1

Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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