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Journal articles on the topic 'Neotropical realm'
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1
Popovici, Ovidiu Alin, and Irinel Eugen Popescu. "Platyscelio hits again: the first record of this genus in the Dominican Republic." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 65, no. 2 (2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e98045.
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After the presence of the genus Platyscelio was noticed and confirmed in the Neotropical realm, in this paper the genus is recorded from the Panamanian realm, in Dominican Republic. In the Neotropical realm Platyscelio is represented through P. africanus Risbec, previously considered as being present only in the Afrotropical realm, but in the Panamanian realm we found a different species – P. pulchricornis Kieffer.
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Popovici, Ovidiu Alin, and Irinel Eugen Popescu. "Platyscelio hits again: the first record of this genus in the Dominican Republic." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 65, no. (2) (2022): 127–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e98045.
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After the presence of the genus <i>Platyscelio </i>was noticed and confirmed in the Neotropical realm, in this paper the genus is recorded from the Panamanian realm, in Dominican Republic. In the Neotropical realm <i>Platyscelio </i>is represented through <i>P. africanus </i>Risbec, previously considered as being present only in the Afrotropical realm, but in the Panamanian realm we found a different species – <i>P. pulchricornis </i>Kieffer.
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Menezes, Rodolpho S. T., Michael W. Lloyd, and Seán G. Brady. "Phylogenomics indicates Amazonia as the major source of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (2020): 20200480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0480.
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The Neotropical realm harbours unparalleled species richness and hence has challenged biologists to explain the cause of its high biotic diversity. Empirical studies to shed light on the processes underlying biological diversification in the Neotropics are focused mainly on vertebrates and plants, with little attention to the hyperdiverse insect fauna. Here, we use phylogenomic data from ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to reconstruct for the first time the evolutionary history of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). Using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree approaches we recovered a highly resolved phylogeny for epiponine wasps. Additionally, we estimated divergence dates, diversification rates, and the biogeographic history for these insects in order to test whether the group followed a ‘museum’ (speciation events occurred gradually over many millions of years) or ‘cradle’ (lineages evolved rapidly over a short time period) model of diversification. The origin of many genera and all sampled extant Epiponini species occurred during the Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene. Moreover, we detected no major shifts in the estimated diversification rate during the evolutionary history of Epiponini, suggesting a relatively gradual accumulation of lineages with low extinction rates. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Amazonian region played a major role in the evolution of Epiponini wasps. This spatio-temporal diversification pattern, most likely concurrent with climatic and landscape changes in the Neotropics during the Miocene and Pliocene, establishes the Amazonian region as the major source of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp diversity.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ, and MATEUSZ SAPIEJA. "A new species of Peplomicrus Bernhauer from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Micropeplinae)." Zootaxa 5239, no. 3 (2023): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5239.3.8.
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Peplomicrus nidicola sp. n., a new rove beetle species of the subfamily Micropeplinae is described and illustrated based on a series of males and females collected from nests of New World blackbirds (Icteridae) in northern Ecuador. It is the eleventh nominal species of this genus and the eighth known to occur in the Neotropical realm. A modification of Campbell’s key to the Neotropical species of Peplomicrus Bernhauer is given to include P. nidicola, as well as a list of co-occurring coleopterofauna.
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Mushtaq, Hafiz Muhammad Saqib, Jawwad Hassan Mirza, Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Ali, Muhammad Kamran, and Fahad Jaber Alatawi. "Morphotaxonomic Assessment of the pratensis Species Complex with Ontogenetic Development and Redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)." Diversity 16, no. 12 (2024): 765. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16120765.
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The Banks grass mite/New World date mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), is a globally distributed and economically significant agricultural pest. The present study comprehensively addresses the morphotaxonomic identification of globally reported populations of O. pratensis, to resolve ambiguities within the pratensis complex. Detailed morphological characterizations of all mobile stages (larva, protonymph, deutonymph, male, and female) of the Californian population of O. pratensis were provided, with key diagnostic traits utilized in this taxonomic assessment. The taxonomic notes are provided for worldwide populations of O. pratensis reported from six biogeographic realms. The taxonomic identity of the claimed populations of O. pratensis from South Africa (Afrotropical realm), El Salvador (Neotropical realm), China, Pakistan (Oriental realm), and Saudi Arabia (Palearctic realm) were found to either be “doubtful” or exhibit notable differences compared to the Californian population. Notably, the purported Chinese population of O. pratensis was identified as a cryptic species, likely a novel taxon within the gossypii species subgroup. Furthermore, the study confirmed the absence of O. pratensis in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, ontogenetic changes across developmental stages are documented. The findings of this study may contribute to a clearer understanding of the true distribution and global occurrence of O. pratensis, providing robust diagnostic characteristics to support future research.
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Ramos, Kimberly Silva, Renata Guimarães Netto, and Daniel Sedorko. "Termite nests in eolian backshore settings: An unusual record throughout the Quaternary in the Neotropical realm." Palaeontologia Electronica 24, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.26879/1146.
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Ramos, Kimberly Silva, Netto, Renata Guimarães, Sedorko, Daniel (2021): Termite nests in eolian backshore settings: An unusual record throughout the Quaternary in the Neotropical realm. Palaeontologia Electronica (a15) 24 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.26879/1146, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1146
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Zacca, Thamara, Olaf H. H. Mielke, Tomasz W. Pyrcz, Mirna M. Casagrande, André V. L. Freitas, and Pierre Boyer. "Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)." Zootaxa 3682, no. 2 (2013): 331–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.7.
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Zacca, Thamara, Mielke, Olaf H. H., Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Casagrande, Mirna M., Freitas, André V. L., Boyer, Pierre (2013): Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa 3682 (2): 331-350, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.7
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Antonelli, Alexandre, Alexander Zizka, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, et al. "Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 23 (2018): 6034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713819115.
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The American tropics (the Neotropics) are the most species-rich realm on Earth, and for centuries, scientists have attempted to understand the origins and evolution of their biodiversity. It is now clear that different regions and taxonomic groups have responded differently to geological and climatic changes. However, we still lack a basic understanding of how Neotropical biodiversity was assembled over evolutionary timescales. Here we infer the timing and origin of the living biota in all major Neotropical regions by performing a cross-taxonomic biogeographic analysis based on 4,450 species from six major clades across the tree of life (angiosperms, birds, ferns, frogs, mammals, and squamates), and integrate >1.3 million species occurrences with large-scale phylogenies. We report an unprecedented level of biotic interchange among all Neotropical regions, totaling 4,525 dispersal events. About half of these events involved transitions between major environmental types, with a predominant directionality from forested to open biomes. For all taxonomic groups surveyed here, Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical diversity, providing >2,800 lineages to other regions. Most of these dispersal events were to Mesoamerica (∼1,500 lineages), followed by dispersals into open regions of northern South America and the Cerrado and Chaco biomes. Biotic interchange has taken place for >60 million years and generally increased toward the present. The total amount of time lineages spend in a region appears to be the strongest predictor of migration events. These results demonstrate the complex origin of tropical ecosystems and the key role of biotic interchange for the assembly of regional biotas.
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Kamino, Luciana H. Y., João Renato Stehmann, Silvana Amaral, et al. "Challenges and perspectives for species distribution modelling in the neotropics." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (2011): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0942.
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The workshop ‘ Species distribution models: applications, challenges and perspectives ’ held at Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 29–30 August 2011, aimed to review the state-of-the-art in species distribution modelling (SDM) in the neotropical realm. It brought together researchers in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation, with different backgrounds and research interests. The application of SDM in the megadiverse neotropics—where data on species occurrences are scarce—presents several challenges, involving acknowledging the limitations imposed by data quality, including surveys as an integral part of SDM studies, and designing the analyses in accordance with the question investigated. Specific solutions were discussed, and a code of good practice in SDM studies and related field surveys was drafted.
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Caloca, Pablo, Daniel Suárez, Gustavo Peña, and Carlos Ruiz. "First report of Trichopoda pictipennis (Diptera, Tachinidae) for the Canary Islands." Biodiversity Data Journal 13 (February 5, 2025): e137821. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e137821.
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The genus <i>Trichopoda</i> Berthold, 1827 is distributed in the Neotropical and Nearctic Regions and some species are very important for biological control. During the last decades, the species <i>Trichopoda pictipennis</i> Bigot, 1876 has received much attention. It is of Neotropical origin, but it has been introduced throughout the western Palaearctic, probably through exchanges that transported its main host, the 'southern green stink bug' <i>Nezara viridula</i>.<i>Trichopoda pictipennis</i> is reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. To date, this introduced species has been detected throughout the island of Tenerife and in a single locality on the island of La Gomera. This finding confirms that this species of Neotropical origin is expanding its range across the Palaearctic realm of this species of Neotropical origin. Parasitised <i>Nezara viridula</i> were collected and reared under laboratory conditions to document the complete life cycle of <i>T. pictipennis</i>. Its potential effects on its main host, as well as on the Canary fauna, are discussed.
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PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, ABEL, LUIS E. ACOSTA, DANIEL N. PROUD, and JEFFREY W. SHULTZ. "Harvestmen in the first twenty years: a scientometric analysis of Zootaxa’s contribution to opilionology (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones)." Zootaxa 4979, no. 1 (2021): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.12.
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In its first twenty years of existence Zootaxa has been widely utilized among researchers of Opiliones, mainly those coming from Latin American countries, principally Brazil. During 2003–2020, a total of 141 papers on Opiliones were published in Zootaxa (no papers were published on Opiliones in the first two years, 2001–2002). The journal has greatly facilitated the dissemination of knowledge on Opiliones, especially with respect to the taxonomy and systematics of harvestmen from the Neotropical Realm. Those 141 papers in Zootaxa include almost a quarter (191) of the new species of Opiliones described between 2001 and 2020, as well as 112 new synonymies. Additionally, 27 of those papers proposed 182 new or restored combinations. A total of 108 authors working in 25 countries have contributed papers to Zootaxa focusing on Opiliones. There is clearly a predominance for collaborative contributions with more than twice as many papers authored by two or more authors compared to single-author publications. In general, the majority of papers deal within the local biogeographic realm (where the lead author resides). Studies of harvestmen from seven of the eight biogeographic realms were published in Zootaxa during 2003–2020. The largest portion of these contributions were by far focused on the Neotropical opiliofauna, but Australasian, Nearctic, Indomalayan, Palearctic, Afrotropical and Antarctic opiliofauna are covered as well. No papers on Opiliones have been published in Zootaxa by authors representing countries in Africa. We also recognize a strong gender bias in authorship and the current composition of Opiliones subject editors. We will strive to create an inclusive environment and aim to promote diversity of scientists who study Opiliones.
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DÍAZ, ANALÍA R., and ESTELA C. LOPRETTO. "A new species of Keysercypria Karanovic (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Argentina." Zootaxa 3063, no. 1 (2011): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3063.1.5.
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In her revision on Recent Cyclocypridinae, Karanovic (2011) erected the new genus Keysercypria, endemic of the Neotropical Realm. The aim of this study is to describe and illustrate a new species within the genus recorded from the lower Parana region, according to the recently proposed division of the world freshwater ecosystems (www.feow.org). The new species represents the most southern record of the genus.
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AILÁN-CHOKE, LORENA GISELA, GERALDINE RAMALLO, and DORA DAVIES. "New species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Rineloricaria steinbachi (Actinopterygii: Loricariidae) from Northwest Argentina." Zootaxa 4231, no. 1 (2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.10.
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During a parasitological survey, we reported specimens of a new species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) in Rineloricaria steinbachi from La Caldera River, province of Salta, Northwest Argentina. The new species, R. (S.) saltaensis sp. nov., is characterized by possessing 16 pairs of preanal papillae, lips with lateral protrusions and membranous elevations, and mature eggs rough-shelled with striations. This is the sixth species of the genus described in the Neotropical Region, and the second from Argentina. Rineloricaria steinbachi is reported as host of this nematode genus for the first time. A key to the species of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) in the Neotropical realm is provided. Also, zoogeographical and host information of the species, belonging to the subgenus Sprentascaris, is summarized.
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Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Alexander A. Khaustov, Alexander V. Petrov, and Pavel B. Klimov. "A NEW SPECIES OF WINTERSCHMIDTIA OUDEMANS (ACARI: ASTIGMATA: WINTERSCHMIDTIIDAE) FROM PERU." Acarina 31, no. 2 (2023): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/0132-8077-2023-31-2-193-198.
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Phoretic deutonymphs of Winterschmidtia tawantinsuyuca sp. n. (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) are described from Peru. This is the fourth species of the genus recorded in the Neotropical realm. Similar to the three other Peruvian species, the new species is phoretic on bark beetles, but this is the first finding of Winterschmidtia on the beetles of the genus Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The new species differs from all others in the ornamentation on of its prodorsal shield.
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Boll, Piter Kehoma, and Lucas Krüger. "Productivity and impact of the Unisinos’ Postgraduate Program in Biology and the consequences of its interruption for Brazilian science." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 18, no. 3 (2023): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.18.e103070.
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On 22 July 2022, the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), a private institution and community university in southern Brazil, announced the interruption of 12 of its postgraduate programmes, including the Postgraduate Program of Biology (PPG Biologia), whose professors founded the journal, Neotropical Biology and Conservation. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of papers published by PPG Biologia in the past 20 years to assess its impact on biological research at a national level. The number of publications and citations increased constantly over the years, with publications growing exponentially. Although most collaborations with other research programmes occurred inside Brazil, a significant number of studies were co-authored by researchers from other countries from at least four continents. The main research lines focused on biological sciences, ecology, sociology, education, environmental sciences and genetics. Despite being affected by the decrease in research funding and the reduction of personnel, PPG Biologia kept its high impact score according to the national evaluation, above that of most programmes in private universities and similar to public ones. With a team of renowned researchers working on different and sometimes unique research lines, the interruption of PPG Biologia will harm the progress of biological research and conservation across the Neotropical realm.
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Kontschán, Jenő, Sergey G. Ermilov, and Stefan Friedrich. "Notes on the genus Elegansovella Hirschmann, 1989 (Acari, Mesostigmata, Urodinychidae)." ZooKeys 1205 (June 19, 2024): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1205.125164.
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The genus Elegansovella Hirschmann, 1989 (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Urodinychidae) is resurrected for species of the Uroobovella elegans-group. This genus differs from the other taxa of Uroobovella Berlese, 1903 sensu lato based on the shape of the idiosoma and the caudal and dorsal setae. Three species from the Uroobovella elegans-group are transferred to the genus Elegansovella, as E. pectintata (Hirschmann, 1973), comb. nov., E. pectinatasimilis (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov. and E. serangensis (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov. The other seven species from this species group are transferred to Monstrobovellagen. nov., as M. crustosa (Vitzthum, 1926), comb. nov., M. enodis (Hiramatsu, 1985), comb. nov., M. faceta (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov., M. facetaoides (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov., M. imadatei (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov., M. incerta (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov. and M. incertaoides (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov. The new genus differs from Elegansovella by the shape of the idiosoma and the shape of marginal and dorsal setae. Six Monstrobovella species occur in the Oriental Realm and only one species is known from the Neotropical region. The present paper contains the description of a second Neotropical species of Monstrobovella (M. mancocapacisp. nov.) which was found in Peru. The new species differs from its Neotropical congener in the dorsal and marginal setation.
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Flores, K., A. A. Luna, C. Tapia, J. L. Rivera, C. G. Vásquez, and A. Shimada. "Productive behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) relocated to the Neotropical Realm." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 3 (2005): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2005.9513662.
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ESPEJO, YOLANDA M. G. PIÑANEZ, ANA MUNÉVAR, and JOHN A. KOCHALKA. "A new species of Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae) from South America." Zootaxa 5124, no. 1 (2022): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5124.1.5.
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Orthobula Simon, 1897 is a group of very small litter-dwelling spiders with a tropical and subtropical distribution. The genus comprises 18 species, without any records in the Neotropical realm yet. Here we describe O. sudamericana sp. nov., distributed in Argentina and Paraguay. The new species appears to be most closely related to O. chayuensis Yang, Song and Zhu, 2003. The male also resembles O. charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986). Orthobula sudamericana sp. nov. females differ from these species by the straight and parallel insemination ducts, and males by the centrally located, U-shaped sperm duct. Further, we summarize details on its natural history and habitat characteristics.
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Pinedo-Escatel, Jorge Adilson. "Description of the Fifth Species of the Neotropical Leafhopper Genus Andanus Linnavuori, 1959 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Peru, with an Updated Key to All Species." Taxonomy 5, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy5020025.
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Athysanini is one of the largest tribes within Deltocephalinae, which is a vast cosmopolitan subfamily of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with many genera known to occur in the Neotropical realm. Peruvian forests house up to 16 genera of Athysanini and, so far, are strongly restricted to this region. In this contribution, a new species of the leafhopper genus Andanus Linnavuori, 1959, Andanus acanthophallussp. nov., is described based on pinned museum specimens. Illustrations and a diagnosis for all species to segregate them in the genus are provided. A dichotomous key to all known species and distributional notes are also given. The new species can be easily separated from others by (1) overall color light orange to stramineous, (2) the pronotum lacking marks or transverse medial bands, (3) a row of very long fine setae on the outer lateral margin of the subgenital plate, (4) apophysis of style straight without lateral projection but minute tooth on inner side, and (5) an aedeagal apex bifid with a pair of processes directed anterad and posterad. The valid status and current position of Andanus based on similarities to other Neotropical genera is discussed.
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Kontschán, Jenő, Sergey G. Ermilov, and Stefan Friedrich. "Notes on the genus Elegansovella Hirschmann, 1989 (Acari, Mesostigmata, Urodinychidae)." ZooKeys 1205 (June 19, 2024): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1205.125164.
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The genus <i>Elegansovella</i> Hirschmann, 1989 (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Urodinychidae) is resurrected for species of the <i>Uroobovella elegans</i>-group. This genus differs from the other taxa of <i>Uroobovella</i> Berlese, 1903 sensu lato based on the shape of the idiosoma and the caudal and dorsal setae. Three species from the <i>Uroobovella elegans</i>-group are transferred to the genus <i>Elegansovella</i>, as <i>E. pectintata</i> (Hirschmann, 1973), comb. nov., <i>E. pectinatasimilis</i> (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov. and <i>E. serangensis</i> (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov. The other seven species from this species group are transferred to <i>Monstrobovella</i> gen. nov., as <i>M. crustosa</i> (Vitzthum, 1926), comb. nov., <i>M. enodis</i> (Hiramatsu, 1985), comb. nov., <i>M. faceta</i> (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov., <i>M. facetaoides</i> (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov., <i>M. imadatei</i> (Hiramatsu, 1980), comb. nov., <i>M. incerta</i> (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov. and <i>M. incertaoides</i> (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann, 1978), comb. nov. The new genus differs from <i>Elegansovella</i> by the shape of the idiosoma and the shape of marginal and dorsal setae. Six <i>Monstrobovella</i> species occur in the Oriental Realm and only one species is known from the Neotropical region. The present paper contains the description of a second Neotropical species of <i>Monstrobovella</i> (<i>M. mancocapaci</i> sp. nov.) which was found in Peru. The new species differs from its Neotropical congener in the dorsal and marginal setation.
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Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Andrés Puiggros, Ricardo A. Varela-Varela, Vicente Valdés-Guzmán, Andrés Ramírez-Cuadros, and Laura Pañinao-Monsálvez. "Updated catalog of the Chilean wedge-shaped beetles (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) with the first records of Macrosiagon flavipennis (LeConte) in Chile." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 (August 2, 2022): e202262043. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.043.
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The biology and ecology of wedge-shaped beetles (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) are scarcely known in the Neotropical realm. Chilean species of this beetle family are currently represented by two genera: Macrosiagon Hentz, 1830 and Ripiphorus Bosc, 1791, and three species, only known from their type localities. Here, we present an updated catalog of Chilean Ripiphoridae, along with the new distributional and biology records. Also, Macrosiagon flavipennis LeConte, 1866 (Ripiphorinae: Macrosiagonini) has been reported for the first time in Chile. We discuss the reasons for the presence of M. flavipennis in urban areas, the state of knowledge of the endemic species presents in Chile in relation to their distribution and the opportunity to use opportunistic records to better understand their natural history.
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Ailán-Choke, Lorena G., Geraldine Ramallo, and Dora Davies. "Further study on Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn et Fernandes, 1988) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Corydoras paleatus and Corydoras micracanthus (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from Salta, Argentina, with a key to congeneric species from Neotropical Realm." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (2018): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0068.
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Abstract This study describes the morphology of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn et Fernandes, 1988), isolated from the intestine of Corydoras micracanthus Regan, 1912 and C. paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (both Callichthyidae, Siluriformes) from Bermejo and Juramento River basins, respectively, province of Salta, Argentina. This is the first record of P. (S.) pintoi in C. micracanthus from Northwestern Argentina. The light and scanning electron microscopy observations of P. (S.) pintoi, revealed a few previously unreported morphological details of the cephalic region, vulva and caudal region of males. In addition, morphometric variability was observed in, mainly body size, glandular oesophagus length and position of the vulva between present specimens and those described in previous studies. A key to the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) from the Neotropical Realm is proposed.
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Güiris-Andrade, D. M., A. Oceguera-Figueroa, D. Osorio-Sarabia, et al. "Tziminema unachin. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae: Strongylinae) parasite of Baird's tapirTapirus bairdiifrom Mexico." Journal of Helminthology 92, no. 6 (2017): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17001055.
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AbstractA new genus and species of nematode,Tziminema unachin. gen., n. sp. is described from the caecum and colon of Baird's tapirTapirus bairdii(Gill, 1865), found dead in the Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo, Chiapas State, in the Neotropical realm of Mexico.Tzimineman. gen. differs from the other nine genera included in the Strongylinae by two main characteristics: having 7–9 posteriorly directed tooth-like structures at the anterior end of the buccal capsule, and the external surface of the buccal capsule being heavily striated. Phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase and nuclear DNA, including a partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S and a partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the new taxon, confirmed its inclusion in Strongylinae and its rank as a new genus.
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Contreras-Díaz, Rusby G., Manuel Falconi, Luis Osorio-Olvera, et al. "On the relationship between environmental suitability and habitat use for three neotropical mammals." Journal of Mammalogy 103, no. 2 (2022): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab152.
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Abstract Recent studies have used occupancy models (OM) and ecological niche models (ENM) to provide a better understanding of species’ distributions at different scales. One of the main ideas underlying the theoretical foundations of both OM and ENM is that they are positively related to abundance: higher occupancy implies higher density and more suitable areas are likely to have more abundant populations. Here, we analyze the relationship between habitat use measured in terms of occupancy probabilities from OM and environmental suitability derived from ENM in three different Neotropical mammal species: Leopardus wiedii, Cuniculus paca, and Dasypus novemcinctus. For ENM, we used climatic and vegetation cover variables and implemented a model calibration and selection protocol to select the most competitive models. For OM, we used a single-species, single-season model with site covariates for camera-trap data from six different sites throughout the Neotropical realm. Covariates included vegetation percentage, normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, and elevation. For each site, we fit OM using all possible combinations of variables and selected the most competitive (ΔAICc &lt; 2) to build an average OM. We explored relationships between estimated suitability and occupancy values using Spearman correlation analysis. Relationships between ENM and OM tended to be positive for the three Neotropical mammals, but the strength varied among sites, which could be explained by local factors such as site characteristics and conservation status of areas. We conjecture that ENM are suitable to understand spatial patterns at coarser geographic scales because the concept of the niche is about the species as a whole, whereas OM are more relevant to explain the distribution locally, likely reflecting transient dynamics of populations resulting from many local factors such as community composition and biotic processes.
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BORKENT, CHRISTOPHER J., and TERRY A. WHEELER. "Systematics and Phylogeny of Leptomorphus Curtis (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)." Zootaxa 3549, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3549.1.1.
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The world fauna of the genus Leptomorphus Curtis, 1831 is revised and a phylogeny of species relationships, based onmorphological characters, is presented. An updated genus diagnosis and description are given. Species descriptions,diagnoses, illustrations of general habitus, wings, male genitalia and distributions are provided for 37 valid species, alongwith a key to adults.Twelve new species are described; L. amorimi Borkent, n. sp., L. brandiae Borkent, n. sp., L. crassipilus Borkent, n.sp., L. eberhardi Borkent, n. sp., and L. waodani Borkent, n. sp., from the Neotropical realm, L. furcatus Borkent, n. sp.,and L. perplexus Borkent, n. sp., from the Nearctic realm, L. mandelai Borkent, n. sp., and L. stigmatus Borkent, n. sp.,from the Afrotropical realm, and L. tabatius Borkent, n. sp., L. tagbanua Borkent, n. sp., and L. titiwangsensis Borkent,n. sp., from the Oriental realm. Type specimens were studied for all but three species (L. ornatus, L. subforcipatus and L.talyshensis). Leptomorphus elegans Matile and L. lepidus Matile are considered junior synonyms of L. gracilis Matile, n.syns., and L. ypsilon Johannsen is a junior synonym of L. hyalinus Coquillett, n. syn. Lectotypes are designated for L.magnificus (Johannsen), L. neivai Edwards, and L. walkeri Curtis and a neotype is selected for L. bifasciatus (Say). Thisstudy brings the total number of extant Leptomorphus species to 45, including eight, unique (based on figures anddescriptions), recently described Oriental and northwestern Australasian species (Papp & Ševčík 2011), for whichmaterial was unavailable for this study. The phylogenetic analysis in this study supports the monophyly ofLeptomorphus. The western Nearctic species, L. perplexus, is the sister group to the remaining species, which fell intofour major monophyletic species groups (L. ornatus Brunetti group, L. grjebinei Matile group, L. walkeri group, L.furcatus group). The monophyletic relationships within each group are also discussed. The clades found in this study do not support the arrangement of species in to the Leptomorphus subgenera recognized by previous classifications.
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ELYMARIUS, Severine, Philippe JOSEPH, Stéphane SOPHIE, et al. "Contribution to the knowledge of the ecological profile of some Melastomataceae of the Lesser Antilles: the case of Martinique." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY 10, no. 2 (2017): 2108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jab.v10i2.6366.
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Melastomataceae are particularly diverse in the Neotropical realm. The study of the sylvatic formations of the Lesser Antilles made it possible to identify the dominant floristic corteges associated with the different bioclimates. Although there are many indications that Melastomataceae are not among the species structuring the climax formations of the forests of Martinique, their ecological chorology and profile within these formations can be specified. The analysis of the biodemographic data of eco-units of different bioclimates, obtained during floristic inventories, confirms the indications of the floras of the region. It also makes it possible to provide some specifications concerning the ecological profiles of certain Melastomataceae. Conostegia calyptrata and Conostegia icosandra display a temperament of a heliophilous species of the sylvatic gaps. Clidemia umbrosa is a species affinis of smaller gaps or of trails. Miconia trichotoma is a more forestal species.
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FRANCO, WESLLY, NATALIA LADINO, JACQUES H. C. DELABIE, et al. "First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana." Zootaxa 4674, no. 5 (2019): 509–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2.
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We provide here a checklist of the ants of French Guiana, an overseas department of France situated in northern South America, with a very low human population density and predominantly covered by old-growth tropical rainforests. Based on 165 scientific papers, specimens deposited in collections, and unpublished surveys, a total of 659 valid species and subspecies from 84 genera and 12 subfamilies is presented. Although far from complete, these numbers represent approximately 10% of the ant diversity known to occur in the Neotropical realm. Additionally, three ant genera and 119 species are reported for the first time for French Guiana. Finally, five species are recognized as erroneous records for the the department in the literature. This checklist significantly expands the basic knowledge of the ants in the Guiana Shield, one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots.
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LI, FASHENG, and XINGYUE LIU. "Discovery in China of Dorypteryx Aaron (Psocoptera: Trogiomorpha: Psyllipsocidae), with one new species." Zootaxa 1983, no. 1 (2009): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1983.1.5.
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The psocid genus Dorypteryx Aaron is a small group in the family Psyllipsocidae, comprising only three species until now. The first Dorypteryx species, D. pallida, was described from North America by Aaron (1883), and subsequently recorded in Europe by Dessart (1976). Smithers (1958) described Dolopteryx domestica from Zimbabwe as the only species in a new genus. However, this genus was later synonymized with Dorypteryx by Lienhard (1977), who re-defined Dorypteryx and redescribed the two known species. After that revision, a third species, D. longipennis, was described by Smithers (1991) from Australia on imported specimens. Despite the low species diversity of Dorypteryx, the geographical range of this genus is rather wide, from the West Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australian, Nearctic, and Neotropical realms. However, until now Dorypteryx had not been found in the Oriental realm. In the present paper, the genus Dorypteryx is recorded from a domestic habitat in Yunnan Province, China. Based on the contribution by Li (2002), there are three genera and 14 species of Psyllipsocidae in China (Pseudopsyllipsocus Li, Psyllipsocus Selys-Longchamps, and Psocathropos Ribaga). This discovery of Dorypteryx represents the first record of this genus in China, and also in Asia and the Oriental realm.The types of the new species described below, all females, are preserved in alcohol and deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing. The terminology of the adult generally follows Smithers (1972).
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González-Maya, José F., Enrique Martínez-Meyer, Rodrigo Medellín, and Gerardo Ceballos. "Distribution of mammal functional diversity in the Neotropical realm: Influence of land-use and extinction risk." PLOS ONE 12, no. 4 (2017): e0175931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175931.
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Silva, Sofia Marques, Ana Carolina Pavan, Souza Samara Alves Barroso De, Gilmax Gonçalves Ferreira, José De Sousa E. Silva, and Leonardo C. Trevelin. "Morphological and genetic diversity in a South American forest‐dependent bat." Zoologica Scripta 53, no. 3 (2024): 267–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522581.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Neotropical realm is vastly known for its richness, being the Amazon one of the main cradles of taxonomic diversity in the region. In the last decades, molecular analyses have been further increasing the number of Amazonian vertebrate species, hidden under traditional taxonomy due to morphological convergence. Bats represent an interesting example, as the number of recognized bat species is continuously expanding with the identification of numerous cryptic taxa. Studies combining different lines of evidence, such as morphometric and molecular approaches, have been playing an important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Neotropical bat diversity. Within the Phyllostomidae family, the dwarf little fruit bat Rhinophylla pumilio is a forest-d ependent species, with a disjunct distribution in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. Moreover, different karyotypes have been recovered across the species distribution, suggesting this might be one more example of cryptic diversity. Here, we test this assumption by identifying geographic patterns of morphological and molecular variation within the species' entire range of distribution. Our results point to an overall morphological and morphometric homogeneity, except between Atlantic Forest and Amazonian specimens, with significant dissimilarity among some cranial characters. Furthermore, genetic data suggest a rapid and recent diversification, with these two lineages most likely corresponding to speciating taxa. Within the Amazonian forest, our molecular analyses also recovered four additional lineages, likely encompassing intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, studies are required to confirm the need for a taxonomic rearrangement.
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Silva, Sofia Marques, Ana Carolina Pavan, Souza Samara Alves Barroso De, Gilmax Gonçalves Ferreira, José De Sousa E. Silva, and Leonardo C. Trevelin. "Morphological and genetic diversity in a South American forest‐dependent bat." Zoologica Scripta 53, no. 3 (2024): 267–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522581.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Neotropical realm is vastly known for its richness, being the Amazon one of the main cradles of taxonomic diversity in the region. In the last decades, molecular analyses have been further increasing the number of Amazonian vertebrate species, hidden under traditional taxonomy due to morphological convergence. Bats represent an interesting example, as the number of recognized bat species is continuously expanding with the identification of numerous cryptic taxa. Studies combining different lines of evidence, such as morphometric and molecular approaches, have been playing an important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Neotropical bat diversity. Within the Phyllostomidae family, the dwarf little fruit bat Rhinophylla pumilio is a forest-d ependent species, with a disjunct distribution in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. Moreover, different karyotypes have been recovered across the species distribution, suggesting this might be one more example of cryptic diversity. Here, we test this assumption by identifying geographic patterns of morphological and molecular variation within the species' entire range of distribution. Our results point to an overall morphological and morphometric homogeneity, except between Atlantic Forest and Amazonian specimens, with significant dissimilarity among some cranial characters. Furthermore, genetic data suggest a rapid and recent diversification, with these two lineages most likely corresponding to speciating taxa. Within the Amazonian forest, our molecular analyses also recovered four additional lineages, likely encompassing intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, studies are required to confirm the need for a taxonomic rearrangement.
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Silva, Sofia Marques, Ana Carolina Pavan, Souza Samara Alves Barroso De, Gilmax Gonçalves Ferreira, José De Sousa E. Silva, and Leonardo C. Trevelin. "Morphological and genetic diversity in a South American forest‐dependent bat." Zoologica Scripta 53, no. 3 (2024): 267–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522581.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Neotropical realm is vastly known for its richness, being the Amazon one of the main cradles of taxonomic diversity in the region. In the last decades, molecular analyses have been further increasing the number of Amazonian vertebrate species, hidden under traditional taxonomy due to morphological convergence. Bats represent an interesting example, as the number of recognized bat species is continuously expanding with the identification of numerous cryptic taxa. Studies combining different lines of evidence, such as morphometric and molecular approaches, have been playing an important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Neotropical bat diversity. Within the Phyllostomidae family, the dwarf little fruit bat Rhinophylla pumilio is a forest-d ependent species, with a disjunct distribution in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. Moreover, different karyotypes have been recovered across the species distribution, suggesting this might be one more example of cryptic diversity. Here, we test this assumption by identifying geographic patterns of morphological and molecular variation within the species' entire range of distribution. Our results point to an overall morphological and morphometric homogeneity, except between Atlantic Forest and Amazonian specimens, with significant dissimilarity among some cranial characters. Furthermore, genetic data suggest a rapid and recent diversification, with these two lineages most likely corresponding to speciating taxa. Within the Amazonian forest, our molecular analyses also recovered four additional lineages, likely encompassing intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, studies are required to confirm the need for a taxonomic rearrangement.
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Silva, Sofia Marques, Ana Carolina Pavan, Souza Samara Alves Barroso De, Gilmax Gonçalves Ferreira, José De Sousa E. Silva, and Leonardo C. Trevelin. "Morphological and genetic diversity in a South American forest‐dependent bat." Zoologica Scripta 53, no. 3 (2024): 267–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522581.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Neotropical realm is vastly known for its richness, being the Amazon one of the main cradles of taxonomic diversity in the region. In the last decades, molecular analyses have been further increasing the number of Amazonian vertebrate species, hidden under traditional taxonomy due to morphological convergence. Bats represent an interesting example, as the number of recognized bat species is continuously expanding with the identification of numerous cryptic taxa. Studies combining different lines of evidence, such as morphometric and molecular approaches, have been playing an important role in addressing knowledge gaps on Neotropical bat diversity. Within the Phyllostomidae family, the dwarf little fruit bat Rhinophylla pumilio is a forest-d ependent species, with a disjunct distribution in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. Moreover, different karyotypes have been recovered across the species distribution, suggesting this might be one more example of cryptic diversity. Here, we test this assumption by identifying geographic patterns of morphological and molecular variation within the species' entire range of distribution. Our results point to an overall morphological and morphometric homogeneity, except between Atlantic Forest and Amazonian specimens, with significant dissimilarity among some cranial characters. Furthermore, genetic data suggest a rapid and recent diversification, with these two lineages most likely corresponding to speciating taxa. Within the Amazonian forest, our molecular analyses also recovered four additional lineages, likely encompassing intraspecific diversity. Furthermore, studies are required to confirm the need for a taxonomic rearrangement.
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Carrillo-Muñoz, Aldo Isaac, and Oscar García-Miranda. "New records for the Chimalapas-Uxpanapa Region, Mexico (Odonata: Calopterygidae, Heteragrionidae, Polythoridae, Thaumatoneuridae, Coenagrionidae, Gomphidae, Libellulidae)." Notulae odonatologicae 9, no. 5 (2020): 196–203. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3823259.
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During a collecting trip to five tropical rainforest sites in the Chimalapas-Uxpana¬pa region in an altitudinal gradient of 155–499 m a.s.l., a total of sixteen species of odonates new to the region were recorded. Poorly studied species such as Erpetogomphus ophibolus Calvert, 1905, Hetaerina infecta Calvert, 1901, Heteragrion alienum Williamson, 1919, and Heteragrion tricellulare Calvert, 1901, were recorded. Ischnura demorsa Hagen, 1861, and Paraphlebia sp. are discussed in greater detail. These records add to the knowledge of odo¬nate distribution from Oaxaca and Veracruz.
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ZACCA, THAMARA, OLAF H. H. MIELKE, TOMASZ W. PYRCZ, MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE, ANDRÉ V. L. FREITAS, and PIERRE BOYER. "Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)." Zootaxa 3682, no. 2 (2013): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3682.2.7.
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Bogoni, Juliano André, Carlos A. Peres, and Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz. "Effects of mammal defaunation on natural ecosystem services and human well being throughout the entire Neotropical realm." Ecosystem Services 45 (October 2020): 101173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101173.
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Rowan, John, Lydia Beaudrot, Janet Franklin, et al. "Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (2019): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910489116.
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Studies of the factors governing global patterns of biodiversity are key to predicting community responses to ongoing and future abiotic and biotic changes. Although most research has focused on present-day climate, a growing body of evidence indicates that modern ecological communities may be significantly shaped by paleoclimatic change and past anthropogenic factors. However, the generality of this pattern is unknown, as global analyses are lacking. Here we quantify the phylogenetic and functional trait structure of 515 tropical and subtropical large mammal communities and predict their structure from past and present climatic and anthropogenic factors. We find that the effects of Quaternary paleoclimatic change are strongest in the Afrotropics, with communities in the Indomalayan realm showing mixed effects of modern climate and paleoclimate. Malagasy communities are poorly predicted by any single factor, likely due to the atypical history of the island compared with continental regions. Neotropical communities are mainly codetermined by modern climate and prehistoric and historical human impacts. Overall, our results indicate that the factors governing tropical and subtropical mammalian biodiversity are complex, with the importance of past and present factors varying based on the divergent histories of the world’s biogeographic realms and their native biotas. Consideration of the evolutionary and ecological legacies of both the recent and ancient past are key to understanding the forces shaping global patterns of present-day biodiversity and its response to ongoing and future abiotic and biotic changes in the 21st century.
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Câmara, Josenir Teixeira, and Jose Albertino Rafael. "New species of Metachela Coquillett (Diptera, Empididae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil and a key to the Neotropical species." ZooKeys 714 (November 7, 2017): 129–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.714.11503.
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Two new species of Metachela Coquillett from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, M. danitakiyae sp. n. from Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais and M. spinulosa sp. n. from Minas Gerais, are described and illustrated. A key to the Neotropical species is provided.
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Comoglio, Lorenzo, and Ronald Brechlin. "An updated checklist of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) of Colombia." ZooKeys 1178 (September 7, 2023): 191–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1178.72084.
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In recent years, the study of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) has increased exponentially due to the intense sampling effort and the use of molecular evidence for species delimitation, which led to the description of numerous new taxa especially from the Neotropic. Given these rapid advances, the checklist of the Colombian Saturniidae needs to be updated to cover the taxonomy, distribution, and diversity of these moths in the country. After an extensive review of literature, data repositories, and collections, an updated and comprehensive list of Saturniidae from Colombia is presented, including their occurrence status in each Colombian department. The checklist includes 7 subfamilies, 55 genera, and 790 taxa (766 in species rank) of Saturniidae in Colombia. Current distribution data show that the genus Winbrechlinia, the subgenus Darylesia, 379 species, and 18 subspecies are endemic to Colombia. Moreover, a dichotomic key to the Colombian subfamilies is provided. A few taxonomic changes are proposed based on a thorough taxonomic revision of the Colombian taxa. This revision also addresses the issue of outdated species names reported in the first checklist of Colombian Saturniidae (Amarillo-Suárez 2000) and excludes old records of taxa that are considered dubious for Colombia based on new evidence. By presenting an updated list of Colombian species, including the newly described taxa, this study aims at eliminating confusion stemming from outdated names and provides a useful resource for researching and conservating Saturniidae in Colombia. We wish to offer a common reference for future studies on the biodiversity and biogeography of moths in the Neotropical realm.
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Comoglio, Lorenzo, and Ronald Brechlin. "An updated checklist of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) of Colombia." ZooKeys 1178 (September 7, 2023): 191–264. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1178.72084.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the study of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) has increased exponentially due to the intense sampling effort and the use of molecular evidence for species delimitation, which led to the description of numerous new taxa especially from the Neotropic. Given these rapid advances, the checklist of the Colombian Saturniidae needs to be updated to cover the taxonomy, distribution, and diversity of these moths in the country. After an extensive review of literature, data repositories, and collections, an updated and comprehensive list of Saturniidae from Colombia is presented, including their occurrence status in each Colombian department. The checklist includes 7 subfamilies, 55 genera, and 790 taxa (766 in species rank) of Saturniidae in Colombia. Current distribution data show that the genus Winbrechlinia, the subgenus Darylesia, 379 species, and 18 subspecies are endemic to Colombia. Moreover, a dichotomic key to the Colombian subfamilies is provided. A few taxonomic changes are proposed based on a thorough taxonomic revision of the Colombian taxa. This revision also addresses the issue of outdated species names reported in the first checklist of Colombian Saturniidae (Amarillo-Suárez 2000) and excludes old records of taxa that are considered dubious for Colombia based on new evidence. By presenting an updated list of Colombian species, including the newly described taxa, this study aims at eliminating confusion stemming from outdated names and provides a useful resource for researching and conservating Saturniidae in Colombia. We wish to offer a common reference for future studies on the biodiversity and biogeography of moths in the Neotropical realm.
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Martins, Paulo Mateus, Robert Poulin та Thiago Gonçalves-Souza. "Drivers of parasite β-diversity among anuran hosts depend on scale, realm and parasite group". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, № 1837 (2021): 20200367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0367.
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A robust understanding of what drives parasite β-diversity is an essential step towards explaining what limits pathogens' geographical spread. We used a novel global dataset (latitude −39.8 to 61.05 and longitude −117.84 to 151.49) on helminths of anurans to investigate how the relative roles of climate, host composition and spatial distance to parasite β-diversity vary with spatial scale (global, Nearctic and Neotropical), parasite group (nematodes and trematodes) and host taxonomic subset (family). We found that spatial distance is the most important driver of parasite β-diversity at the global scale. Additionally, we showed that the relative effects of climate concerning distance increase at the regional scale when compared with the global scale and that trematodes are generally more responsive to climate than nematodes. Unlike previous studies done at the regional scale, we did not find an effect of host composition on parasite β-diversity. Our study presents a new contribution to parasite macroecological theory, evidencing spatial and taxonomic contingencies of parasite β-diversity patterns, which are related to the zoogeographical realm and host taxonomic subset, respectively. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe’.
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Sazima, Ivan. "What coatis and mongooses have in common?" Biota Neotropica 10, no. 3 (2010): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000300040.
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The coatis (Procyonidae) and some species of mongooses (Herpestidae) are diurnal, small to medium-sized carnivores that live in groups and feed opportunistically on small animals and fruits. A comparison of selected features is here presented for two coati species (Nasua narica and N. nasua) and the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo). The former two dwell in the Neotropical region, whereas the latter occurs in the Ethiopian realm. Both the coatis and the mongoose are apt to live near human settlements and capitalise on food refuse. Additionally, coatis and mongooses habituate to humans, and sometimes are a nuisance. These habits, plus their almost constant quest for food, lead these carnivores to meet other mammal types at feeders and garbage dumps and associate with these animals. White-nosed coatis associate with the Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and pick ticks on its body, whereas the banded mongoose does so with the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus). These seem to be the two sole recorded instances of mammals cleaning non-conspecific mammals, and illustrate a remarkable case of convergence.
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Pádua, Diego G., Andrés Moreira-Muñoz, Vanezza Morales-Fierro, and Rodrigo O. Araujo. "Chilean Darwin Wasps (Ichneumonidae): Biogeographic Relationships and Distribution Patterns." Insects 15, no. 6 (2024): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15060415.
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Ichneumonidae, or Chilean Darwin wasps, are an important component of South American hymenopteran diversity, but the taxonomic and distributional knowledge on this insect is still deficient. Taking advantage of recently updated taxonomic knowledge, we assessed biogeographic relationships at the genus level and biodiversity spatial patterns along the latitudinal gradient. The results show the presence of 264 species in Chile, arranged in 102 genera and 22 subfamilies. Biogeographic relationships are based on six elements (cosmopolitan (n = 50; 36%), endemic (n = 29; 21%), Neotropical (n = 22; 16%), Holarctic–Oriental (n = 19; 14%), south-temperate (n = 16; 11%) and Australasian) and composed of just three genera: Anacis, Labena, and Meringops. Species and genera show a bimodal distribution along the latitudinal gradient: around 34° and 38° S. From an ecoregional perspective, richness is concentrated in the Valdivian temperate forests, but when assessed at a 0.5 × 0.5 cell scale, several outstanding cells are in the contact zone between the temperate forests and the Chilean Matorral. On the other hand, the Atacama Desert shows little or no presence of Darwin wasps. The results agree with Charles Porter, who identified a northern province composed of Neotropical and cosmopolitan genera with their own representatives in the far north (11 genera), a distributional gap in the core of the Atacama Desert, and around 128 genera in Porter’s Neantarctic realm, covering all of Chile from 25° S to Cape Horn, including the Juan Fernandez islands. These results reinforce knowledge gaps and the need for more sampling and studies of available collections. Due to sampling gaps at this stage, identifying a continued increase or decrease in richness towards higher latitudes is not possible. More taxonomic and distributional information is also needed to assess potential threats to endemic genera and species.
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FERREIRA, ANTONIO CARLOS SANTOS, FABIANO MATOS VIEIRA, DIEGO CÉSAR NUNES DA SILVA, LEONARDO BARROS RIBEIRO, JAYELEN ALVES FERREIRA, and LUÍS CLÁUDIO MUNIZ-PEREIRA. "Parapharyngodon hispidus n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) in Tropidurus hispidus (Spix) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Caatinga Biome of the Vale do São Francisco, state of Pernambuco, Brazil with a key for the Neotropical species of the genus Parapharyngodon Chatterji." Zootaxa 4980, no. 1 (2021): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.12.
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One species of Parapharyngodon Chatterji (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), parasitizing the large intestine of Tropidurus hispidus (Spix) (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Caatinga biome from Brazil is described and illustrated . This new species differs from a part of its congeners by a set of characters in males: the presence of four pairs of caudal papillae, unpaired post cloacal papilla absent, and smooth anterior cloacal lip. Among the Parapharyngodon species with four pairs caudal papillae, unpaired post clocal papilla absent, and smooth cloacal lips, only P. hispidus n. sp. and P. jairaipurii Rizvi & Bursey (Oriental realm), features the same characteristics including sharp pointed tip of spicule, stout terminus or spike of tail of females, and punctate ornamentation of the eggshell. However, these two species are different by the size of spicules (spicules of P. jairaipuri are around 55% of the size spicules of P. hispidus n. sp.); and the arrangement of the caudal papillae (two pairs of adcloacal papillae in P. jaraipuri which are absent in P. hispidus n. sp.). Parapharyngodon hispidus n. sp. is the 55th species assigned to the genus and the 11th species of this genus described in Neotropical hosts.
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Cremonez, Paulo Sérgio Gimenez, Samuel Pagnoncelli Gouvea, Daniela Oliveira Pinheiro, et al. "Chitin Biosynthesis Inhibitors in Euschistus heros Fabr. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Morphometric Alterations in Testes and Nuclei of Testicular Accessory Cells of Adults." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 1 (2018): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p410.
Full textAbstract:
Euschistus heros is an important pest in Brazilian agriculture growing importance in the general Neotropical realm. Its reproductive potential is the key factor for its characterization as a pest in major crops such as soybean and cotton. The aims of this study were to characterize morphometric parameters of testicles and testicular accessory cells-TACs nuclei of adults E. heros treated with chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs). The insecticides lufenuron (Match&reg; 50 EC) and buprofezin (Applaud&reg; 250 WP) were applied individually in 4th instar nymphs, remained in controlled conditions until the emergence of adult males. The testicles were identified and removed 72 h after emergency, fixed, photographed for anatomic analysis, and processed for morphometric analyses of the TACs nuclei. It was possible to observe that lufenuron and buprofezin decreased the testicular area. Buprofezin decreased the mean nuclear area analyzed in the TACs, and nuclear hypertrophy can indicate an activity on support and nutrition of germ line cells, presenting a possible effect on protein synthesis. The intense reaction for Fast green in control compared to buprofezin treatment may indicate that total protein (histones and non-histones) has been altered. The tested insecticides, with special focus on buprofezin may affect the final stages of reproductive development of E. heros, with potential to be used in field to the control of this pest.
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Delgat, L., R. Courtecuisse, E. De Crop, et al. "Lactifluus (Russulaceae) diversity in Central America and the Caribbean: melting pot between realms." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 44, no. 1 (2020): 278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.10.
Full textAbstract:
Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus, and often entire sections, are typically unique to a single continent. Given these biogeographic patterns, an interesting region to study their diversity is Central America and the Caribbean, since the region is closely connected to and often considered a part of the North American continent, but biogeographically belong to the Neotropical realm, and comprises several regions with different geologic histories. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny and morphological study, this study shows that Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean harbour at least 35 Lactifluus species, of which 33 were never reported outside of this region. It was found that species from the Caribbean generally show affinities to South American taxa, while species from the Central American mainland generally show affinities to Northern hemispheric taxa. We hypothesise that host specificity and/or climate play a crucial role in these different origins of diversity. Because of these different affinities, Caribbean islands harbour a completely different Lactifluus diversity than the Central American mainland. The majority of species occurring on the islands can be considered endemic to certain islands or island groups. In this paper, detailed morphological descriptions are given, with a focus on the unique diversity of the islands, and identification keys to all hitherto described Lactifluus species occurring in Central America and the Caribbean are provided. One new section, Lactifluus sect. Nebulosi, and three new species, Lactifluus guadeloupensis, Lactifluus lepus and Lactifluus marmoratus are described.
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Culda, Carla Andreea, Romane Dionnet, Andra Celia Barbu, et al. "The Presence of Dirofilaria immitis in Domestic Dogs on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (2022): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111287.
Full textAbstract:
This study's concept was outlined around the principle of conservation medicine in a biodiversity hotspot from the Neotropical realm: the Galapagos Islands. The wildlife balance has been modified by multi-host parasites introduced with some domestic animals (dogs and cats). The endemic and endangered species, the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki), has been exposed to pathogens of canine and feline origin that could become a significant conservation problem for this species. One of these potential cases is the filarial heartworm infection, Dirofilaria immitis, which has been reported on other pinnipeds, with fatalities and clinical symptoms. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis in dogs from Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristobal Island, where the largest rookery of GSLs lives and where the proximity to domestic dogs is the most intimate compared to other rookeries of the archipelago. Between July and September 2021, 587 blood samples were collected from owned dogs of Puerto Baquerizo Moreno. Overall, 10 dogs (1.7%) were positive for the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis with a confidence interval of 0.7%–2.8%. No other filarial species were identified. Significant differences in prevalence between different dog categories were observed only for the age (p = 0.001). This study represents the first report of D. immitis, the agent of canine heartworm disease, in dogs from San Cristobal Island. Hence, the presence of the microfilaria of D. immitis in the blood of dogs could increase the risk of infection to which the GSL is exposed in the region.
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Hahn, Ingo, Uwe Römer, Gerardo Soto, Julia Baumeister, and Pablo Vergara. "Diversity, biogeography, abundance, and conservation of the birds of Mocha Island National Reserve, Chile." Vertebrate Zoology 66, no. 3 (2016): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.66.e31571.
Full textAbstract:
The avifauna of Mocha Island is analysed according to species richness, habitat use, and reproductive status, and the first quantitative population estimates of forest landbirds are presented basing on unbiased survey data as a basis for conservation. We recorded a total of 100 species, including non-breeders. Among all recorded taxa, landbirds (n = 48 spp. or 48 %) exhibit higher species numbers when compared to shore- and seabirds (38), and freshwater birds (14). Within the documented breeding avifauna (n = 54 spp.) landbirds take an even relative higher value, amounting to 88 % (or 42 spp.). Austral and Neotropical species are most numerous within the landbird assemblage, reflecting the closest biogeographical realm. When comparing different Chilean avifaunas, southern mainland ecosystems show the highest landbird richness (90), followed by Chiloe Island (61), Mocha Island (42), and remote Juan Fernandez Islands (11). From line transects surveyed, 884 bird individuals belonging to 18 resident forest landbird species were recorded (averaging 10.3 ind/ha). We calculated the total population size of forest landbirds in the reserve (2300 ha) being 23,681 individuals. Two of the three endemic taxa (Mocha Rayadito and Mocha Chucao) show relatively high population sizes of about 4,100 and 3,700 individuals, respectively. The Mocha Thrush shows a population of about 670 individuals in forests, but is equally abundant in anthropogenic pastures around. Future conservation management of Mocha Island should consider richness, composition, and abundance of landbirds reported in this study, with emphasis on breeding ecology of the three mentioned endemics. Priority should be put on controlling illegal timber extraction, bird hunting and chick collecting, as well as on sensitization of local people to avoid introducing alien species.
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Hahn, Ingo, Uwe Römer, Gerardo Soto, Julia Baumeister, and PABLO Vergara. "Diversity, biogeography, abundance, and conservation of the birds of Mocha Island National Reserve, Chile." Vertebrate Zoology 66 (December 13, 2016): 397–410. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.66.e31571.
Full textAbstract:
The avifauna of Mocha Island is analysed according to species richness, habitat use, and reproductive status, and the first quantitative population estimates of forest landbirds are presented basing on unbiased survey data as a basis for conservation. We recorded a total of 100 species, including non-breeders. Among all recorded taxa, landbirds (n = 48 spp. or 48 %) exhibit higher species numbers when compared to shore- and seabirds (38), and freshwater birds (14). Within the documented breeding avifauna (n = 54 spp.) landbirds take an even relative higher value, amounting to 88 % (or 42 spp.). Austral and Neotropical species are most numerous within the landbird assemblage, reflecting the closest biogeographical realm. When comparing different Chilean avifaunas, southern mainland ecosystems show the highest landbird richness (90), followed by Chiloe Island (61), Mocha Island (42), and remote Juan Fernandez Islands (11). From line transects surveyed, 884 bird individuals belonging to 18 resident forest landbird species were recorded (averaging 10.3 ind/ha). We calculated the total population size of forest landbirds in the reserve (2300 ha) being 23,681 individuals. Two of the three endemic taxa (Mocha Rayadito and Mocha Chucao) show relatively high population sizes of about 4,100 and 3,700 individuals, respectively. The Mocha Thrush shows a population of about 670 individuals in forests, but is equally abundant in anthropogenic pastures around. Future conservation management of Mocha Island should consider richness, composition, and abundance of landbirds reported in this study, with emphasis on breeding ecology of the three mentioned endemics. Priority should be put on controlling illegal timber extraction, bird hunting and chick collecting, as well as on sensitization of local people to avoid introducing alien species.
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Peyre, Gwendolyn, Bianca O. Andrade, Alejandro Velazquez, and Melisa A. Giorgis. "Vegetation classification in the Neotropics – Novel insights from Latin America and the Caribbean." Vegetation Classification and Survey 5 (October 21, 2024): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.133613.
Full textAbstract:
Our editorial introduces a Special Collection of scientific articles on current vegetation research in the most biodiverse of all biogeographic realms, the Neotropics. It contains nine scientific contributions dedicated to vegetation data, description and classification. Four research papers provide new vegetation classifications of important Neotropical biomes, namely the Arid Chaco in Argentina, Mexican temperate forests, and Andean wetlands in the Argentine Puna and southern Peru. Furthermore, one study provides a novel bioclimatic-vegetation classification approach applied to Mexican vegetation, while another proposes a new synthesis of the South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes. Finally, three vegetation databases are presented in the Special Collection: ArgVeg – Database of Central Argentina (GIVD ID: SA-AR-002), CACTUS – Vegetation database of the Dutch Caribbean Islands (GIVD ID: SA-00-004) and VegAndes: the vegetation database for the Latin American highlands (GIVD ID: SA-00-005). The Special Collection provides fundamental data and tools to better understand the diversity and complexity of Neotropical vegetation. Abbreviations: GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases, IAVS = International Association for Vegetation Science, IAVS-LACS = IAVS Regional Section for the Latin America and the Caribbean, VCS = Vegetation Classification and Survey