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Academic literature on the topic 'News Polarization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "News Polarization"

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Abril, Eulàlia P. "Subduing attitude polarization?" Politics and the Life Sciences 37, no. 1 (2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2017.11.

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Researchers have sought to understand the effects of like-minded versus contrary news exposure on attitude polarization, which can be a threat to democracy. The online news environment offers opportunities for exposure tobothtypes of news, albeit unequally. This study tests the effects of exposure to heterogeneous partisan news bundles (both like-minded and contrary news) on attitude polarization. Because media exposure can lead to bias, attitude polarization is tested as a directandindirect effect via hostile media perceptions. Data in this study are from a between-subjects experimental design about the issue of assisted suicide. Results indicate that even though the effect of the partisan news bundle on hostile media perceptions is significant, both direct and indirect effects on attitude polarization are null.

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Garimella, Kiran, Tim Smith, Rebecca Weiss, and Robert West. "Political Polarization in Online News Consumption." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15 (May 22, 2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18049.

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Political polarization appears to be on the rise, as measured by voting behavior, general affect towards opposing partisans and their parties, and contents posted and consumed online. Research over the years has focused on the role of the Web as a driver of polarization. In order to further our understanding of the factors behind online polarization, in the present work we collect and analyze Web browsing histories of tens of thousands of users alongside careful measurements of the time spent browsing various news sources. We show that online news consumption follows a polarized pattern, where users' visits to news sources aligned with their own political leaning are substantially longer than their visits to other news sources. Next, we show that such preferences hold at the individual as well as the population level, as evidenced by the emergence of clear partisan communities of news domains from aggregated browsing patterns. Finally, we tackle the important question of the role of user choices in polarization. Are users simply following the links proffered by their Web environment, or do they exacerbate partisan polarization by intentionally pursuing like-minded news sources? To answer this question, we compare browsing patterns with the underlying hyperlink structure spanned by the considered news domains, finding strong evidence of polarization in partisan browsing habits beyond that which can be explained by the hyperlink structure of the Web.

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Vicario, Michela Del, Walter Quattrociocchi, Antonio Scala, and Fabiana Zollo. "Polarization and Fake News." ACM Transactions on the Web 13, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3316809.

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Spohr, Dominic. "Fake news and ideological polarization." Business Information Review 34, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266382117722446.

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This article addresses questions of ideological polarization and the filter bubble in social media. It develops a theoretical analysis of ideological polarization on social media by considering a range of relevant factors. Over recent years, fake news and the effect of the social media filter bubble have become of increasing importance both in academic and general discourse. The article reviews the assumption that algorithmic curation and personalization systems place users in a filter bubble of content that decreases their likelihood of encountering ideologically cross-cutting news content. At the intersection of new media, politics and behavioural science, the article establishes a theoretical framework for further research and future actions by society, policymakers and industries.

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Martin, Gregory J., and Ali Yurukoglu. "Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization." American Economic Review 107, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 2565–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160812.

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We measure the persuasive effects of slanted news and tastes for like-minded news, exploiting cable channel positions as exogenous shifters of cable news viewership. Channel positions do not correlate with demographics that predict viewership and voting, nor with local satellite viewership. We estimate that Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position. We then estimate a model of voters who select into watching slanted news, and whose ideologies evolve as a result. We use the model to assess the growth over time of Fox News influence, to quantitatively assess media-driven polarization, and to simulate alternative ideological slanting of news channels. (JEL D72, L82)

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Hart, P. Sol, Sedona Chinn, and Stuart Soroka. "Politicization and Polarization in COVID-19 News Coverage." Science Communication 42, no. 5 (August 25, 2020): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547020950735.

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This study examines the level of politicization and polarization in COVID-19 news in U.S. newspapers and televised network news from March to May 2020. Using multiple computer-assisted content analytic approaches, we find that newspaper coverage is highly politicized, network news coverage somewhat less so, and both newspaper and network news coverage are highly polarized. We find that politicians appear in newspaper coverage more frequently than scientists, whereas politicians and scientists are more equally featured in network news. We suggest that the high degree of politicization and polarization in initial COVID-19 coverage may have contributed to polarization in U.S. COVID-19 attitudes.

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Fletcher, Richard, Alessio Cornia, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. "How Polarized Are Online and Offline News Audiences? A Comparative Analysis of Twelve Countries." International Journal of Press/Politics 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161219892768.

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Polarization is a key area of interest for media and communication scholars. We develop a way of measuring how polarized news audience behaviour is at the national level. Then, we analyze survey data from twelve countries and find (1) that cross-platform (online and offline) news audience polarization is highest in the United States, and within Europe, higher in polarized pluralist/southern countries than in democratic corporatist countries. Furthermore, (2) in most countries, online news audience polarization is higher than offline, but in a small number it’s lower. Taken together, our findings highlight that, despite the well-documented fears associated with algorithmic selection, news audience polarization is not inevitable in environments that are increasingly characterized by digital news consumption, and that the historical, economic, and political factors emphasized by the comparative tradition remain critically important for our understanding of global trends.

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McLaughlin, Bryan. "Commitment to the Team." Journal of Media Psychology 30, no. 1 (January 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000176.

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Abstract. Scholars have increasingly employed social identity theory to explain how and why political polarization occurs. This study aims to build off of this work by proposing that perception of intergroup conflict serves as a mechanism that mediates the effect of news media coverage on political polarization. Specifically, I argue that the news media’s emphasis on political animosity can cultivate partisans’ perception that the parties are in conflict, which provides a context that makes partisan identity salient and, ultimately, leads to higher levels of affective and ideological polarization. This hypothesis is tested with an experiment using an American national sample of Democrats and Republicans (N = 300). Participants read a news story in which the public believes the parties are in a state of either high or low conflict (or they did not receive a news story). Using mediation analysis, the results of the study provide evidence that news media coverage of political conflict leads to increased perception of intergroup conflict, which then leads to higher levels of (a) partisan identification, (b) affective polarization, and (c) ideological polarization.

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Han, Jiyoung, and Marco Yzer. "Media-Induced Misperception Further Divides Public Opinion." Journal of Media Psychology 32, no. 2 (April 2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000259.

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Abstract. Although there is growing evidence that partisans believe they are further apart than they actually are, the causes and consequences of this misperception are not always clear. Informed by the literature on news framing and self-categorization theory, we hypothesize that the media’s focus on partisan conflict increases partisans’ perceptions of public polarization, which fuels partisan attitude polarization on disputed issues in news coverage. Study 1 supports this contention in the political domain. By retesting the hypotheses in a gender context, Study 2 further demonstrates that the impact of conflict news framing on attitude polarization is not simply due to preexisting political polarization. The implications of the present study are discussed in light of its generalizability to varying political systems.

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Coscia, Michele, and Luca Rossi. "How minimizing conflicts could lead to polarization on social media: An agent-based model investigation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0263184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263184.

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Social media represent an important source of news for many users. They are, however, affected by misinformation and they might be playing a role in the growth of political polarization. In this paper, we create an agent based model to investigate how policing content and backlash on social media (i.e. conflict) can lead to an increase in polarization for both users and news sources. Our model is an advancement over previously proposed models because it allows us to study the polarization of both users and news sources, the evolution of the audience connections between users and sources, and it makes more realistic assumptions about the starting conditions of the system. We find that the tendency of users and sources to avoid policing, backlash and conflict in general can increase polarization online. Specifically polarization comes from the ease of sharing political posts, intolerance for opposing points of view causing backlash and policing, and volatility in changing one’s opinion when faced with new information. On the other hand, it seems that the integrity of a news source in trying to resist the backlash and policing has little effect.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "News Polarization"

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Woodard, Niki L. "Red state, blue state, red news, blue news." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3639.

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Akbaş, Ali İhsan. "Artificial Agendas: Polarization and Partisanship in the Turkish Mainstream Media through Fake News." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387894.

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This thesis revolves around the subject of fake news, a phenomenon that has been highly discussed with the advent of the internet-based media. It aims to shed light on the problem of fake news and its implications in the Turkish mainstream media by mainly departing from the discourse theory, as well as by using additional theoretical approaches over fake news and media in polarized settings. In that sense, five research questions were developed to understand how fake news items disseminate in the Turkish media ecosystem, and what this could mean for the Turkish mainstream media specifically from the contexts of political partisanship and polarization. In order to answer the research questions, a total number of 687 fake news items have been analyzed in three different data sets. After providing an overall picture of the problem of fake news in the Turkish media ecosystem, the thesis specifically focuses on fake news items that circulate within the Turkish mainstream media. Overall, 77 fake news items are further subjected to an analysis of discourse activity schema in order to find out the narratives that the fake news items are connected to the Turkish political and social context. The research shows that the use of fake news items in the Turkish mainstream media indicates divergent and conflicting epistemologies over certain social and political themes, which are government- opposition divide, secular religious divide, economy, and education. Moreover, the research also indicates that certain social and political themes are under the discursive hegemony of certain groups within the Turkish mainstream media organizations. These themes are found to be anti-immigration, anti-US, anti-Israel, and FETO. Eventually, two main points are discussed in relation to the given theoretical background. First, the problem of fake news in the Turkish mainstream media indicates a damaged understanding of journalism in the country, which requires a reorientation and reexamination. Second, media in polarized settings may increase partisan alignments and divergent epistemologies, which can lead to the use of fake news items in order to empower certain agendas.

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Wolken, Samuel. "National Media Systems, Affective Polarization, and Loyalty in Vote Choice: Contextualizing the Relationship Between News Media and Partisanship." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586952294107063.

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Anspach, Nicolas Martin. "The Facebook Effect: Political News in the Age of Social Media." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/368181.

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Political Science
Ph.D.
This dissertation extends the media effects literature into the realm of social media. Scholars have long known that partisan news contributes to political polarization, but claim that such effects are often limited to those who tune into politics. Social media, however, can filter political information to those typically uninterested in politics. Because social media feature entertainment and political news in the same space, entertainment-seekers may inadvertently see political news that they normally avoid in traditional media contexts. Through a combination of observational research, survey experiments, and field experiments, I demonstrate that social media facilitate personal influence, drawing new audiences to political news. This increased exposure to partisan media contributes to political polarization, regardless of the ideological congruence between source and receiver, or of news- or entertainment-seeking habits of the audience. But the most important contributions of this dissertation are how it demonstrates the need for scholars to use innovative methods that incorporate personal influence into social media studies, and that it draws scholarly attention to inadvertent media effects for entertainment-seeking audiences. Social media bring political news to new audiences numbering in the millions. Political communication scholars would be remiss not to investigate their influence.
Temple University--Theses

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Ichinose, Hiroki. "Examining Journalistic Discourses of Asian Americans in the News : A Qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis of News Coverage of the Atlanta Massage Parlor Shootings." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45974.

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This thesis examines the effects of discourses by journalists from six major media outlets in the United States covering the Atlanta massage parlor shootings. Through conducting critical discourse analysis, this research investigates the journalist's use of language, content selection, and positioning to understand journalistic reporting's role in influencing and promoting xenophobia towards Asian Americans and furthering the polarization of political ideologies. This research sampled news articles from various news outlets along a political spectrum, including the New York Times, The Washington Post, Fox News, CNN, NPR, and The Wall Street Journal. This analysis is conducted through analyzing observations and patterns found in 42 news articles by the selected news outlets, alongside a framework of communication theories including gatekeeping, framing, agenda-setting, and the representation of Asian Americans in media. This thesis is relevant to current events because there is an increase in anti-Asian sentiments due to the COVID- 19 pandemic. Overall, this study found that most journalists reporting the Atlanta massage parlor shootings utilized forms of framing and gatekeeping in the sampled articles. Observations found that the journalists practiced framing and gatekeeping, which displayed patterns of biases in their journalistic reporting. Additionally, this study found that the news media tended to use language that potentially dictates public discourse through agenda-setting practices. This thesis found that these biases attract specific audiences, which ultimately promote xenophobia and polarization. Journalists debated if a racial motive influenced the shooting. This debate between journalists was a crucial observation in identifying how framing and agenda-setting influenced furthered polarization of political ideologies. This thesis found patterns of language supporting a white racial frame that ultimately perpetuate a white hegemony. Moreover, patterns of journalistic reporting showed how representation, or lack of it, can contribute to xenophobic tendencies and increased anti-Asian sentiments. The results of this thesis signify the importance of language selection by journalists in reporting racially sensitive issues. This thesis displays the necessity for further research on how to promote journalistic language that minimizes biases.

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Carnahan, Dustin. "Why Motivations Matter: Information-Processing Goals and Their Implications for Selective Exposure to Political Information." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1427123218.

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Martins, Abreu Luis Carlos. "Essays in Applied Economic Theory of Online News and Networks." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU10015.

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Le premier chapitre de cette thèse considère une entreprise de médias financée par la publicité qui choisit l'emplacement idéologique de ses nouvelles et cible les consommateurs qui peuvent partager les nouvelles avec leurs abonnés sur les médias sociaux. Après avoir étudié comment l'incitation de chaque consommateur ciblé à partager les nouvelles est façonnée par l'emplacement des nouvelles et la distribution des emplacements idéologiques de ses abonnés, nous étudions la stratégie de l'entreprise pour maximiser l'étendue du partage des nouvelles et constatons que lorsque la moyenne (respectivement, la variance) des localisations idéologiques des suiveurs est une fonction convexe (respectivement concave) de la localisation d'un consommateur ciblé, l'entreprise est susceptible de produire des informations polarisées.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous considérons une plate-forme monopolistique fournissant un continuum de contenus différenciés verticalement et étudions la conception des contrats de filtrage optimaux lorsque les consommateurs ont des types binaires. Un contrat précise un ensemble de contenus, un prix et si la consommation de contenus fait ou non l'objet d'une publicité. Nous distinguons les allocations de contenu descendantes des allocations ascendantes et permettons le regroupement d'informations d'un ensemble de contenus. Nous constatons que la publicité peut inciter la plate-forme à utiliser une allocation ascendante pour les consommateurs de type faible, tandis que les contrats basés sur un abonnement utilisent toujours des allocations descendantes. La publicité a tendance à inciter la plateforme à augmenter la quantité de contenu consommée en recourant au regroupement d'informations, ce qui augmente le surplus du consommateur. Lorsque la consommation de contenu ne peut pas être subventionnée par un prix négatif, la plateforme peut trouver optimal de proposer un contrat freemium, qui étend (réduit) l'ensemble de consommation, par rapport au cas de la subvention à la consommation, pour des allocations ascendantes (allocations descendantes ) et augmente (réduit) ainsi le surplus du consommateur. Enfin, lorsque les types élevés subissent une nuisance publicitaire plus importante que les types faibles, la plate-forme peut avoir une incitation socialement excessive à montrer de la publicité aux types faibles afin d'extraire la rente d'information des types élevés.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions les réseaux de licences de brevets à l'équilibre qui surgissent entre des entreprises concurrentes symétriques. Nous envisageons des accords de licence qui ne peuvent pas spécifier de redevances mais qui peuvent utiliser des frais fixes et se concentrer sur des réseaux efficaces sur le plan bilatéral. Nous constatons que le réseau complet, qui génère le résultat le plus compétitif, est toujours efficace bilatéralement. Lorsqu'il y a trois firmes symétriques, nous fournissons une caractérisation complète de tous les réseaux de licences bilatéralement efficaces. Lorsque les brevets sont indépendants, nous constatons que le réseau en étoile menant au monopole n'est jamais bilatéralement efficace. En particulier, lorsque la réduction des coûts du brevet est suffisamment importante, il y a un grand contraste : bien qu'un accord de licence multilatéral permette aux entreprises de mettre en œuvre le résultat du monopole, le réseau complet est l'unique réseau bilatéralement efficace. Nous fournissons une condition générale dans laquelle le réseau complet est à la fois le résultat unique efficace sur le plan bilatéral et le résultat unique de maximisation des profits de l'industrie pour un nombre donné d'entreprises. Nos résultats offrent des implications politiques claires en faveur des licences à prix fixe par rapport aux licences à tarif en deux parties, y compris les redevances
The first chapter of this thesis considers an ad-financed media firm that chooses the ideological location of its news and targets consumers who can share the news with their followers on social media. After studying how each targeted consumer's incentive to share the news is shaped by the location of the news and the distribution of her followers’ ideological locations, we study the firm's strategy to maximize the breadth of news sharing and find that when the mean (respectively, the variance) of the followers' ideological locations is a convex (respectively, concave) function of a targeted consumer's location, the firm is likely to produce polarized news.In the second chapter, we consider a monopoly platform providing a continuum of vertically differentiated content and study the design of the optimal screening contracts when consumers have binary types. A contract specifies a set of content, a price and whether or not the content consumption is subject to advertising. We distinguish top-down content allocations from bottom-up allocations and allow for informational bundling of a content set. We find that advertising can induce the platform to use bottom-up allocation for low-type consumers while subscription-based contracts always use top-down allocations. Advertising tends to induce the platform to expand the amount of content consumed by resorting to informational bundling, which increases consumer surplus. When content consumption cannot be subsidized by a negative price, the platform may find it optimal to offer a freemium contract, which expands (reduces) the consumption set, relative to the case of consumption subsidy, for bottom-up allocations (top-down allocations) and thereby increases (reduces) consumer surplus. Finally, when high types experience larger ad nuisance than low types, the platform may have a socially excessive incentive to show advertising to low types in order to extract the information rent of high types.In the third chapter, we study equilibrium patent licensing networks that arise among symmetric competing firms. We consider licensing agreements that cannot specify royalties but can use fixed fees and focus on bilaterally-efficient networks. We find that the complete network, which generates the most competitive outcome is always bilaterally efficient. When there are three symmetric firms, we provide a complete characterization of all bilaterally-efficient licensing networks. When patents are independent, we find that the star network leading to monopoly is never bilaterally efficient. In particular, when the cost reduction from patent is large enough, there is a big contrast: although a multilateral licensing agreement allows the firms to implement the monopoly outcome, the complete network is the unique bilaterally-efficient network. We provide a general condition under which the complete network is both the unique bilaterally-efficient outcome and the unique industry-profit-maximizing outcome for any given number of firms. Our results offer clear-cut policy implications in favor of fixed-fee licensing relative to two-part tariff licensing including royalties

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Rosin, Lindberg Marcus, and Filip Magnusson. ""Hur kan en så skärpt kolumnist få så förvirrade kommentarer?" : En kritisk diskursanalys av svenska nyhetsmediers kommentarsfält på Facebook." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39183.

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Vår studie undersöker fenomenet ekokammare och hur den manifesterar sig på svenska nyhetsmediers Facebooksidor. Vårt material består av fem opinionsartiklar från fem olika dagstidningar, samt kommentarsfält tillhörande dessa opinionsartiklar. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av två huvudteorier: selektiv exponering och Faircloughs kritisk diskursanalytiska teori. Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys utgör också vår huvudmetod, som vi använder för att analysera den diskursiva praktiken som sker i opinionsartiklarna och dess tillhörande kommentarsfält. Resultatet visar att en ekokammare går att tyda på nästan alla kommentarsfält, vilket kan tyda på en politisk polarisering i hur läsare konsumerar svenska nyhetsmedier.
Our study examines the phenomenon echo chamber and how it manifests itself on Facebook pages of Swedish news media. Our material consists of five opinion articles from five different Swedish newspapers, as well as the comments section connected to the opinion articles. The study’s theoretical framework consists of two main theories: selective exposure and Fairclough’s theory of critical discourse analysis. Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis also constitute as our main method, which we use to analyse the discursive practice used in opinion articles and comments sections connected to them. The result shows that an echo chamber is observable in almost all of the comment sections, which indicates a political polarization in how readers consume Swedish news media.

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Thornberg, Elin, and Hanna Glössner. "Storbranden på nätet : En studie i hur kommentarsfält och forum på nätet använder sig av nyhetsartiklar för att skapa diskussion kring en mordbrand." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17031.

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The main purpose of this study has been to explore and determine how the journalistic work was used by internet users to start and keep a discussion on the internet going. We started in the aftermath of a local arson in a town of Sweden, where a discussion on the internet forum Flashback and the local newspapers commentary fields was raised. We have used these discussions to study what part the journalistic work play in these events. To do that we used a critical discourse analysis and a rhetoric analysis to investigate how these discussions use news articles to make their point. We divided the comments into four different categories, which are comments about understandings of the event, comments that talked about the matters of fact, criticism pointed at the newspaper and comments that identify the offenders. The result of the analysis shows that both forums use journalistic work as facts in their discussions. Both also use earlier articles that were written before the arson, to make their point in the discussion.

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Martínez, Amat Marc. "Media performance during the "Catalan process": trends in mainstream media audiences and news framing in the course of the independence debate in Catalonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669751.

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This thesis analyses the processes undergone by mainstream media during the independence debate in Catalonia, focusing on the relationship among media, their audiences and governments through different empirical perspectives. It is made up of three articles. The first examines the evolution of media audiences in Catalonia based on an unpublished compilation of data and evaluates changes in their consumption patterns coinciding with periods of greater political intensity since this debate reached the political arena. It defines and proves the existence of two stable media systems, the Catalan and the Spanish systems. The second article presents the results of a content analysis of the top twelve outlets with highest consumption in Catalonia in the period 2012-15 from a framing approach, and highlights the main differences between the two systems in the tone applied to the political actors and the predominance of two specific frames designed for the analysis from the political discourse (“right to decide” and “rule of law”). Finally, the third article analyses the polarization of media audiences coinciding with the independence debate and confirms the homogenization of media audiences towards the issue.
Aquesta tesi analitza els processos que han experimentat els mitjans de comunicació de masses durant el debat sobre la independència a Catalunya, centrant-se en la relació entre els mitjans de comunicació, els seus públics i els governs a través de diferents enfocaments empírics. Està format per tres articles. El primer examina l’evolució de les audiències dels mitjans de comunicació a Catalunya a partir d’una recopilació inèdita de dades i avalua els canvis en els seus patrons de consum coincidint amb períodes de major intensitat política des que aquest debat va arribar a l’àmbit polític. Defineix i demostra l’existència de dos sistemes de mitjans estables, el català i l’espanyol. El segon article presenta els resultats de l’anàlisi del contingut dels dotze mitjans amb més consum a Catalunya en el període 2012-15 des de la perspectiva del framing i destaca les principals diferències entre els dos sistemes en el to aplicat als actors polítics i en el predomini d’un dels dos marcs específics dissenyats a partir de l’anàlisi del discurs polític (“dret a decidir” i “estat de dret”). Finalment, el tercer article analitza la polarització de les audiències dels mitjans coincidint amb el debat sobre la independència i confirma l’homogeneïtzació de les audiències dels mitjans de comunicació sobre el tema.

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Books on the topic "News Polarization"

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The revolt of the elites: And the betrayal of democracy. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995.

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Hamilton, Bill. Killing Fox News, CNN and MSNBC: Shining the Light on Division Marketing and the Politics of Polarization. Independently Published, 2018.

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Asseraf, Arthur. Electric News in Colonial Algeria. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844044.001.0001.

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How do the things which connect us divide us at the same time? This book tells a different history of globalization by tracing how news circulated in a divided society: Algeria under French rule in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The years between 1881 and 1940 were those of maximum colonial power in North Africa, a period of intense technological revolution, global high imperialism, and the expansion of settler colonialism. Algerians became connected to international networks of news, and local people followed distant events with great interest. But once news reached Algeria, accounts of recent events often provoked conflict as they moved between different social groups. In a society split between its native majority and a substantial settler minority, distant wars led to riots. Circulation and polarization were two sides of the same coin. Looking at a range of sources in multiple languages across colonial society, this book offers a new understanding of what news is. News was a whole ecosystem in which new technologies such as the printing press, the telegraph, the cinema and the radio interacted with older media like songs, rumours, letters, and manuscripts. The French government watched anxiously over these developments, monitoring Algerians’ reactions to news through an extensive network of surveillance that often ended up spreading news rather than controlling its flow. By tracking what different people thought was new, this history of news helps us reconsider the relationship between time, media, and historical change.

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Levendusky, Matthew. Partisan Media and Polarization: Challenges for Future Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.50.

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Four potential mechanisms explore the linkages between partian media outlets and attitudinal polarization, as well as discusses how such outlets cause polarization and influence American politics more generally: partisan media outlets can have direct effects on their audience, indirect effects on the broader population, effects on the news media, and effects on political elites. Some challenges and questions remain to be answered in each area in the hopes of spurring more, and broader, work on these media institutions.

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How partisan media polarize America. The University of Chicago Press, 2013.

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Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. The Origins of Asymmetry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the origins of asymmetry in the American public sphere by charting the rise of second-wave right-wing media. Taking a political economy approach, this chapter investigates how institutions, politics, culture, and technology combine to explain why Rush Limbaugh, televangelism, and Fox News were able to emerge as mass media when they did, rather than remaining, as first-generation right-wing media after World War II had, small niche players. The chapter also considers how the emergence of the online right-wing media ecosystem followed the offline media ecosystem architecture because of the propaganda feedback loop. It shows that asymmetric polarization precedes the emergence of the internet and that even today the internet is highly unlikely to be the main cause of polarization, by comparison to Fox News and talk radio.

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Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011.

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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.

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Feldman, Lauren. The Hostile Media Effect. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.011_update_001.

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The “hostile media effect” occurs when opposing partisans perceive identical news coverage of a controversial issue as biased against their own side. This is a robust phenomenon, which has been empirically demonstrated in numerous experimental and observational studies across a variety of issue contexts and has been shown to have important consequences for democratic society. This chapter reviews the literature on the hostile media effect with an eye toward the theoretical explanations for it, its relationship to other psychological processes, and its broader implications for perceived public opinion, news consumption patterns, attitudes toward democratic institutions, and political discourse and participation. Particular attention is paid to how the hostile media phenomenon can help explain the public’s eroding trust in the news media and the recent polarization among news audiences. The chapter concludes with several suggestions for future research.

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Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. Epistemic Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0001.

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This chapter describes the contours of the epistemic crisis in media and politics that threatens the integrity of democratic processes, erodes trust in public institutions, and exacerbates social divisions. It lays out the centrality of partisanship, asymmetric polarization, and political radicalization in understanding the current maladies of political media. It investigates the main actors who used the asymmetric media ecosystem to influence the formation of beliefs and the propagation of disinformation in the American public sphere, and to manipulate political coverage during the election and the first year of the Trump presidency, , including “fake news” entrepreneurs/political clickbait fabricators; Russian hackers, bots, and sockpuppets; the Facebook algorithm and online echo chambers; and Cambridge Analytica. The chapter also provides definitions of propaganda and related concepts, as well as a brief intellectual history of the study of propaganda.

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Stanley, Jason. How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them. Random House Publishing Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "News Polarization"

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Barnes, Renee. "‘Fake news,’ Polarization and Fan-like Behaviours." In Fandom and Polarisation in Online Political Discussion, 107–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14039-6_6.

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Riverón, Raquel García, Alejandro Marrero Montero, and Yoan Karell Acosta González. "Multimodal Discourse Analysis of News according to Complexity Theory." In Discursive Approaches to Sociopolitical Polarization and Conflict, 310–36. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003094005-19.

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Das, Manideepto, Priya Singh, and Adrija Majumdar. "Investigating Dynamics of Polarization of YouTube True and Fake News Channels." In Causes and Symptoms of Socio-Cultural Polarization, 73–112. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5268-4_4.

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Bozdağ, Çiğdem, and Suncem Koçer. "Trust in News in the Context of Political Polarization." In Responsible Journalism in Conflicted Societies, 170–82. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003178217-15.

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Elmerot, Irene. "Constructing “Us” and “Them” through Conflicts – Muslims and Arabs in the News 1990–2018." In Discursive Approaches to Sociopolitical Polarization and Conflict, 122–36. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003094005-8.

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Villa-Cox, Ramon, Helen Shuxuan Zeng, Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh, and Kathleen M. Carley. "Linguistic and News-Sharing Polarization During the 2019 South American Protests." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 76–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19097-1_5.

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Adi Prasetya, Hafizh, and Tsuyoshi Murata. "Modeling the Co-evolving Polarization of Opinion and News Propagation Structure in Social Media." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 314–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05414-4_25.

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Ladd, Jonathan M., and Alexander R. Podkul. "Distrust of the News Media as a Symptom and a Further Cause of Partisan Polarization." In New Directions in Media and Politics, 54–79. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: New directions in American politics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203713020-4.

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Staender, Anna, and Edda Humprecht. "Content Analysis in the Research Field of Disinformation." In Standardisierte Inhaltsanalyse in der Kommunikationswissenschaft – Standardized Content Analysis in Communication Research, 339–48. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36179-2_29.

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AbstractVarious recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the European elections in 2019, were marked by the discussion about potential consequences of the massive spread of misinformation, disinformation, and so-called “fake news.” Scholars and experts argue that fears of manipulated elections can undermine trust in democracy, increase polarization, and influence citizens’ attitudes and behaviors (Benkler et al. 2018; Tucker et al. 2018). This has led to an increase in scholarly work on disinformation, from less than 400 scientific articles per year before 2016 to about 1’500 articles in 2019. Within social sciences, surveys and experiments dominated in the last few years. Content analysis is used less frequently and studies conducting content analyses mostly use automated approaches or mixed methods designs.

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Socas-Navarro, H., J. Trujillo Bueno, and B. Ruiz Cobo. "A New Diagnostic Tool for the Solar Chromosphere." In Solar Polarization, 263–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9329-8_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "News Polarization"

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Roy, Shamik, and Dan Goldwasser. "Weakly Supervised Learning of Nuanced Frames for Analyzing Polarization in News Media." In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.620.

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Kalisik, Todd, Pradip Majumdar, and John Shafer. "Comparison of Scattering Rates and Thermal Conductivity in Diamond Using Dispersion Curve Data." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72557.

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The understanding of the mechanism of thermal energy transfer in thin films ranging in thicknesses from micro-scale to nano-scale is becoming very important. Thin films must be modeled at the atomic level and this entails treating the heat transfer as vibrations in a crystal lattice. The concept of phonons can be used to model the vibrational energy of the crystal. Phonon scattering rates and thermal conductivity are investigated for Cubic C (diamond). Boundary scattering, Umklapp processes, and Normal processes are the mechanisms considered for heat flow resistance. The normal processes are included due to there indirect effect on resistance (through phonon redistribution). Three symmetry directions [001], [110], [111], and three polarizations for each direction in the first Brillouin zone are considered. The main purpose of the paper is to study the effect of the curvature of the phonon dispersion curves when computing the phonon scattering rates and thermal conductivity. A comparison of thermal conductivity for each polarization and symmetry direction is made between a continuum model, a linear curve fit and a polynomial curve fit of dispersion data. A comparison is also made between the scattering rates for each polarization, symmetry direction as well as the group velocity for each.

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Henderson, Bradley G. "PReMA: a new theoretical constraint to advance polarimetric remote sensing." In Polarization: Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing XV, edited by David B. Chenault and Meredith K. Kupinski. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2622423.

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Liu, Huilan, Lishuang Feng, Zhichao Jiao, and Ruya Li. "Polarization noise and reduction technology in micro optical gyroscope." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2011.6017513.

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Tornow, Werner. "New results in nucleon-nucleon scattering at low energies." In The 8th International symposium on polarization phenomena in nuclear physics. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48659.

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Spinka, H. "New results in nucleon-nucleon scattering at intermediate energies." In The 8th International symposium on polarization phenomena in nuclear physics. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.48660.

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Noda, Kohei, Heeyoung Lee, Kentaro Nakamura, and Yosuke Mizuno. "OCDR-Based Measurement of Polarization States." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.th4.13.

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We propose a new scheme for polarization-sensitive distributed fiber-optic sensing, termed as polarization optical correlation-domain reflectometry (POCDR). We experimentally demonstrate its fundamental operations by measuring full states of polarization.

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Pfütze, Christian. "Timber modification by radio wave technology." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1912.

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<p>The following paper describes how radio wave thermal modification at temperatures above 160°C can improve the durability of timber. It also broadens possible applications in areas where the timber decays faster under natural conditions. During the process, cellulose areas are modified to absorb less water. The treated timber is more resistant to decaying fungi. The heat required for this process is generated by polarization at a molecular level, similar to a microwave oven. However, the frequency of the radio and microwaves are different. (The frequency of radio and microwave are 13.56MHz and 2.45GHz respectively.) Radio waves have an advantage of higher permeability by several meters whereas microwaves can only heat a few centimeters. It is also possible to generate temperatures greater than 100°C, due to the frequency of radio waves polarizing water molecules and achieving ionic polarization. Therefore, it is possible to heat dry materials. The modified timber samples are analyzed for mechanical und hygric properties. The results show a positive influence on hydrologic properties by improving durability.</p>

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Holzapfel, Wolfgang, Ulrich Neuschaefer-Rube, and Stephan Neuschaefer-Rube. "Photoelastic microellipsometer: a new tool for high-resolution force vector measurements." In International Symposium on Polarization Analysis and Applications to Device Technology, edited by Toru Yoshizawa and Hideshi Yokota. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.246212.

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TAJIMA, KATSUSUKE, MASAHARU OHASHI, and YUTAKA SASAKI. "New single-polarization fiber." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1989.wi4.

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Reports on the topic "News Polarization"

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Azzimonti, Marina, and Marcos Fernandes. Social Media Networks, Fake News, and Polarization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24462.

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Martin, Gregory, and Ali Yurukoglu. Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20798.

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Bowen, Renee, Danil Dmitriev, and Simone Galperti. Learning from Shared News: When Abundant Information Leads to Belief Polarization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28465.

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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, and Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemics. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29471.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a pre-registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key policy variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly over-estimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility that are not clearly delineated.

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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, and Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemic. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25027.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Furthermore, most governments fell short of expectations in their management of the pandemic. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a preregistered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly overestimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility are not clearly delineated.

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Sadjadi, Firooz A., and Cornell S. Chun. New Experiments in the Use of Infrared Polarization in the Detection of Small Targets. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada431461.

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Choe, B.-H., A. Blais-Stevens, S. Samsonov, and J. Dudley. RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) InSAR preliminary observations of slope movements in British Columbia, Alberta, and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331099.

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The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC)mp;gt;'s Public Safety Geoscience Program (PSGP) has collaborated with the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) to assess the performance of new RCM data for monitoring slope movements. The PSGP has the mandate to study natural hazards and provide baseline geoscience information to help stakeholders and decision-makers mitigate against potential risk. This report provides preliminary results observed from new RCM InSAR data acquired over 21 sites in British Columbia (BC), Alberta (AB), and Nunavut (NU) from April 2020 to September 2021. , In some cases, comparisons with RCM imagery were made with RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1 observations. A total of 13 sites in BC, two sites in AB, and six sites in NU that are located close to communities and/or infrastructure were investigated. From these, we acquired a total of 1235 RCM single look complex (SLC) images of HH polarization (ascending: 514, descending: 721) from April 2020 to September 2021. Most were acquired with 3 m very-high-resolution and/or 5 m high-resolution modes. Based on the preliminary observations, the advantages and limitations of RCM InSAR for landslide monitoring are highlighted.

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J. Toulouse. Nanoscopic Study of the Polarization-Strain Coupling in Relaxor Ferroelectric and the Search for New Relaxor Materials for Transducer and Optical Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908152.

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Rossi, Ruggero, David Jones, Jaewook Myung, Emily Zikmund, Wulin Yang, Yolanda Alvarez Gallego, Deepak Pant, et al. Evaluating a multi-panel air cathode through electrochemical and biotic tests. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46320.

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To scale up microbial fuel cells (MFCs), larger cathodes need to be developed that can use air directly, rather than dissolved oxygen, and have good electrochemical performance. A new type of cathode design was examined here that uses a “window-pane” approach with fifteen smaller cathodes welded to a single conductive metal sheet to maintain good electrical conductivity across the cathode with an increase in total area. Abiotic electrochemical tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of the cathode size (exposed areas of 7 cm², 33 cm², and 6200 cm²) on performance for all cathodes having the same active catalyst material. Increasing the size of the exposed area of the electrodes to the electrolyte from 7 cm² to 33 cm² (a single cathode panel) decreased the cathode potential by 5%, and a further increase in size to 6200 cm² using the multi-panel cathode reduced the electrode potential by 55% (at 0.6 A m⁻²), in a 50 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS). In 85 L MFC tests with the largest cathode using wastewater as a fuel, the maximum power density based on polarization data was 0.083 ± 0.006Wm⁻² using 22 brush anodes to fully cover the cathode, and 0.061 ± 0.003Wm⁻² with 8 brush anodes (40% of cathode projected area) compared to 0.304 ± 0.009Wm⁻² obtained in the 28 mL MFC. Recovering power from large MFCs will therefore be challenging, but several approaches identified in this study can be pursued to maintain performance when increasing the size of the electrodes.

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Fanelli, Cristiano V. Measurements of Polarization Transfers in Real Compton Scattering by a proton target at JLAB. A new source of information on the 3D shape of the nucleon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221961.

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