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Journal articles on the topic 'NIOSH Guidelines'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Pugliese, Gina. "NIOSH to Issue User Guidelines." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 16, no. 9 (1995): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700002642.

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Steinbrecher, Suzanne M. "The Revised NIOSH Lifting Guidelines." AAOHN Journal 42, no. 2 (1994): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999404200202.

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McIlvaine, Devon, Michael Stewart, and Robert Anderson. "Noise Exposure Levels for Musicians During Rehearsal and Performance Times." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 27, no. 1 (2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2012.1006.

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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine daily noise doses and 8-hour time weighted averages for rock band musicians, crew members, and spectators during a typical rehearsal and performance using both Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) measurement criteria. DESIGN: Personal noise dosimetry was completed on five members of a rock band during one 2-hr rehearsal and one 4-hr performance. Time-weighted averages (TWA) and daily dose values were calculated using both OSHA and NIOSH criteria and compared to industry guidelines for enrollment in hearing conservation programs and the use of hearing protection devices. RESULTS: TWA values ranged from 84.3 to 90.4 dBA (OSHA) and from 90.0 to 96.4 dBA (NIOSH) during the rehearsal. The same values ranged from 91.0 to 99.7 dBA (OSHA) and 94.0 to 102.8 dBA (NIOSH) for the performance. During the rehearsal, daily noise doses ranged from 45.54% to 106.7% (OSHA) and from 317.74% to 1396.07% (NIOSH). During the performance, doses ranged from 114.66% to 382.49% (OSHA) and from 793.31% to 5970.15% (NIOSH). CONCLUSIONS: The musicians in this study were exposed to dangerously high levels of noise and should be enrolled in a hearing conservation programs. Hearing protection devices should be worn, especially during performances. The OSHA measurement criteria yielded values significantly more conservative than those produced by NIOSH criteria. Audiologists should counsel musician-patients about the hazards of excessive noise (music) exposure and how to protect their hearing.

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Eisenberg, Seth. "NIOSH Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs Guidelines Becomes State Law." Journal of Infusion Nursing 38 (2015): S25—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nan.0000000000000141.

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Eisenberg, Seth. "NIOSH Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs Guidelines Becomes State Law." Journal of Infusion Nursing 35, no. 5 (2012): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nan.0b013e31826596c4.

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Constantinus, Politis, Schuermans Annette, Lagrou Katrien, Putte Mia Vande, and Kruth Jean-Pierre. "Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental practice: why measures to be taken – the experience of an European University Hospital (part 2)." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 7, no. 4 (2020): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.7(4).art.6.

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic does not leave the dental practice unattended. In Part 1 the reason why measures should be taken was explored. Objective The objective is to review the measures that can be taken to minimize the risk of tranmission in the dental practice. Data Sources These measures can be classified according to the guidelines of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Study Selection A qualitative approach explores the applicability of these guidelines to the dental practice. Data Extraction In order to prevent aerosol transmission in the dental practice a large number of changes are needed. It concerns hygiene protocols, organizational protocols and architectural changes, none of which are backed by a legal framework. Conclusion Until a vaccination program is introduced to counter the COVID-19 pandemic in a country, the dental society will need to take measures to prevent aerosol transmission in the dental office. The pyramid of measures according to NIOSH offers a suitable frame to classify all measures. Any legal regulatory intervention could use this framework.

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Kennedy, Eugene R., Thomas J. Fischbach, Ruiguang Song, Peter M. Eller, and Stanley A. Shulman. "Summary of the NIOSH guidelines for air sampling and analytical method development and evaluation." Analyst 121, no. 9 (1996): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9962101163.

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GARG, ARUN. "An Evaluation of the NIOSH Guidelines for Manual Lifting, with Special Reference to Horizontal Distance." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 50, no. 3 (1989): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668991374453.

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Abell, Martin T., and Eugene R. Kennedy. "A Computer Program to Promote Understanding of the Monitoring Method Evaluation Guidelines Used at NIOSH." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 58, no. 3 (1997): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428119791012892.

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FREIVALDS, ANDRIS. "Comparison of United States (NIOSH Lifting Guidelines) and European (ECSC Force Limits) Recommendations for Manual Work Limits." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 48, no. 8 (1987): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668791385444.

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Sartz, Patrik, and Srijan Aggarwal. "Ambient Air Quality in the Vicinity of a Herder Mediated In-Situ Burn Field Test in Alaska." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2017149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000149.

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In-situ burning (ISB) is an efficient and important response tool in a wide range of conditions from open water and very open drift ice (herders) to consolidated ice (self-contained). Herding agents provide a means to thicken and then burn uncontained slicks that would otherwise be too thin to ignite. In this project we assessed the impacts on ambient air quality in the vicinity of the location following ISB tests on crude oil herded and ignited from the air in a large purpose built test pond outside of Fairbanks Alaska. We measured downwind and in-the-smoke-plume, concentrations of respirable particulate matter sizes (PM2.5) and seven different combustion gases (CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, & VOCs) during five ISB tests, with sampling instruments placed 6–12 m away from the source area. It was also investigated if the herding agent was detectable in the air borne plume. Although in this study we did not use instrument and methods specifically approved by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), to provide a context the study results were compared with exposure limits provided by these agencies. From our results downwind, in the smoke plume, concentrations of particulate matter and SO2 were found to significantly exceed (P &lt;0.01) NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits, while the remaining compounds measured were significantly below (P &lt;0.01) established NIOSH and OSHA exposure limits. In addition, GC/MS Analysis of aerosol samples collected utilizing a flow meter and carbon sorbent tubes in the smoke plume, the silicone based functional group of the applied OP-40 herding agent was not detected in the collected samples. The concentrations measured in this study in the vicinity of the ISB site, lasted for less than ten minutes, before drifting downwind and becoming greatly diluted. These results provide information which might be helpful towards developing guidelines for worker safety in spill response situations.

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Rempel, David M., Scott Schneider, Sean Gallagher, et al. "Updates on NORA Musculoskeletal Health Cross-Sector Council Activities." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (2020): 1279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641304.

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The National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) is a research framework for the nation and for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The NORA Musculoskeletal Health Cross-Sector (MUS) Council focuses on the mitigation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Two projects have been chosen by the MUS Council for disseminating existing information on ergonomic assessment methods and interventions. The first project involves collaboration with the AIHA Ergonomics Committee on the latest update of the AIHA Ergonomic Assessment Toolkit. The second project aims to post all-industry information on ergonomic solutions/interventions/guidelines in collaboration with the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). The MUS Council plans on leveraging the collaborative efforts for promoting widespread adoption of evidence-based workplace practices for the prevention of WMSDs.

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Zhang, He, and Ravi Srinivasan. "A Systematic Review of Air Quality Sensors, Guidelines, and Measurement Studies for Indoor Air Quality Management." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219045.

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The existence of indoor air pollutants—such as ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and total volatile organic compounds—is evidently a critical issue for human health. Over the past decade, various international agencies have continually refined and updated the quantitative air quality guidelines and standards in order to meet the requirements for indoor air quality management. This paper first provides a systematic review of the existing air quality guidelines and standards implemented by different agencies, which include the Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS); the World Health Organization (WHO); the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH); the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE); the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); and the California ambient air quality standards (CAAQS). It then adds to this by providing a state-of-art review of the existing low-cost air quality sensor (LCAQS) technologies, and analyzes the corresponding specifications, such as the typical detection range, measurement tolerance or repeatability, data resolution, response time, supply current, and market price. Finally, it briefly reviews a sequence (array) of field measurement studies, which focuses on the technical measurement characteristics and their data analysis approaches.

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Kandananond, Karin. "The incorporation of virtual ergonomics to improve the occupational safety condition in a factory." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 9 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2018013.

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Proper manual material handling (MMH) is the important step leading to the occupational safety of the workers on the shop floor as well as the productivity improvement of the manufacturing process. The objectives of this study are the application of different risk assessment methods, the redesign of the workstation to reduce the occupational risk and the utilization of software package to validate the proposed interventions. As a result, an assembly line of a product is selected as the case study to validate the proposed agenda. Afterwards, four lifting assessment methods, i.e. NIOSH lift equation, Snook Psychophysical Table, OSU Lift guidelines and ACGIH/TLV, are used to assess the hazard risk in the assembly line. After these methods are performed, the results are introduced to recommend the newly designed working conditions, i.e. postures, movements and the barriers. To validate the improved design, new configurations are simulated by the virtual ergonomic program and the ergonomic analysis is performed. The important results, e.g. low back compression and percent of population capable, are calculated by the software to determine the appropriate values which are used as the guidelines for a safe working condition. Moreover, the manufacturing process is also simulated to improve that the ergonomic redesign of the shop floor environment and another consequence of the implementation leads to the significant increase of the productivity.

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Weston, Eric B., Alexander Aurand, Jonathan S. Dufour, Gregory G. Knapik, and William S. Marras. "Biomechanically-Determined Guidelines for Occupational Pushing and Pulling." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601708.

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Background: In an attempt to reduce heavy lifting exposures, the manual materials handling burden has shifted towards pushing and pulling. Pushing and pulling may pose a biomechanical risk due to excessive loads placed onto the lumbar spine, particularly in anterior/posterior (A/P) shear (Knapik and Marras 2009). The only risk limits available in the scientific literature for pushing and pulling were psychophysically-determined, relying on the assumption that subjective perception of an individual’s maximum acceptable external forces corresponds to biomechanical tolerance (Snook and Ciriello 1991). However, individuals are unlikely able to sense biomechanical loading on critical tissues in the spine due to the lack of nociceptors in the intervertebral disc (Adams et al. 1996). As such, the objective of this study was to create a set of biomechanically-determined risk limits for occupational pushing and pulling that are protective of the low back. Methods: Sixty-two subjects (31 male, 31 female) performed occupational pushing and pulling tasks in a laboratory. Subjects performed three types of exertions (one-handed pull, two-handed pull, two-handed push) at three handle heights (32 in., 40 in., 48 in.) and in one of two directions (straight or turn). Subjects pushed or pulled on custom-built hand transducers connected to an overhead braking system via a rig while performing each exertion. To document a wide range of pushing and pulling exposures, the braking system incrementally increased the linear or rotational resistance proportional to the subject’s changes from the initial global position throughout each trial; subjects exerted up to a maximum voluntary exertion. Dependent measures consisted of the magnitude and direction of three-dimensional forces recorded at the hands, turning torques, net joint moments calculated at each shoulder, and three-dimensional spinal loads (compression, A/P shear, lateral shear) at the superior and inferior endplates of each spinal level extending from T12/L1 to L5/S1, as calculated by a dynamic EMG-driven biomechanical spine model (Knapik and Marras 2009; Hwang et al. 2016a; Hwang et al. 2016b). Multiple linear regression techniques correlated spinal loads with hand force or turning torque in order to develop biomechanically-determined hand force and turning torque limits. The values for straight two-handed pushing and pulling were also compared to psychophysically-determined thresholds developed by Snook and Ciriello (1991). Results and Discussion: The independent measures (exertion type, handle height, and exertion direction) and their interactions significantly influenced dependent measures of hand force, turning torque, shoulder moment, and spinal load. In agreement with Knapik and Marras (2009), spinal loads most frequently exceeded tissue tolerance limits for spinal loading (NIOSH 1981; Gallagher and Marras 2012) in A/P shear. The biomechanically-determined limits developed from this work are up to 30% lower than the closest psychophysically-derived equivalents (Snook and Ciriello 1991). Conclusion: Psychophysically-derived hand force limits are not protective enough of biomechanical risk imposed onto the lumbar spine during pushing and pulling. The biomechanically-determined pushing and pulling guidelines proposed herein provide a more objective and conservative indication of risk and should be implemented moving forward.

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Singh, Salvinder S. K., and Ahmad Rasdan Ismail. "Thermal Comfort Assessment in a Closed Air Conditioned ICT Laboratory at Ungku Omar Polytechnic, Malaysia." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5426.

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This paper presents an integrated experimental study of the thermal comfort in a Closed Air Conditioned ICT Laboratory at Ungku Omar Polytechnic, Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the level of thermal comfort in the ICT laboratory by using the Thermal Confort Measurement (TCM) equipment. The ICT laboratory is considered as an indoor environment and this study had been carried out by the use of the custom made TCM from 8.30 am till 4.30 pm. This TCM is able to investigate the level of thermal in this laboratory in aspects of the level of carbon dioxide (CO2), humidity, wind speed, ambient temperature, and globe temperature simultaneously. All the data were then compared to the standards or guidelines produced by National Institue Of Safety and Health of Malaysia (NIOSH), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the American Standards of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE 55), which is currently being practiced in Malaysia. From the study that was carried out it was revealed that the level of CO2 in the ICT Laboratory exceeded the hazardous level thus can produce the negative impact to the productivity of the end user which are the student that will be using this laboratory.

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Hudson, Heidi L., Anita L. Schill, and Reid Richards. "An Exploratory, Qualitative Study of How Organizations Implement the Hierarchy of Controls Applied to Total Worker Health®." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 10032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910032.

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Understanding of how Total Worker Health® (TWH) guidelines are implemented in employment organizations in the USA is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to explore how the principles of the Hierarchy of Controls Applied to NIOSH Total Worker Health (TWH HoC), have been implemented among organizations featured as Promising Practices for TWH between 2012–2019, with special focus on the work-related issues of fatigue, stress, sedentary work, and tobacco control. We also sought to identify benefits, obstacles, and lessons learned in the implementation of the TWH HoC. Eighteen organizations were identified to be included in the study. Using a qualitative cross-sectional design and purposive sampling, seven in-depth interviews were conducted with thirteen key informants. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide the thematic analysis and interpretation of qualitative data. Four themes identified include recognition of the TWH approach and TWH HoC, implementation of the TWH HoC, barriers and facilitators in addressing specific work-related issues, and implementation climate primes benefits, obstacles, and lessons learned. The inner setting (i.e., culture, implementation climate, readiness for implementation) of organizations was a prominent determinant of the implementation of integrated worker safety, health, and well-being interventions.

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Janardhanam, Vishnumohan, Akila Vishnumohan, and MG Karthic. "O4D.5 Left sided hearing loss among heavy equipment operators (HEOS) in mining industry." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A38.3—A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.105.

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IntroductionOpen surface mining is utilized to extract limestone for the production of cement. Using heavy motor vehicles (HMVs) and other earthmoving equipment, skilled personnel [HEOs] perform this operation. HEOs are exposed to significant noise (80–90 dBA) emitted by these HMVs for about 8 hours a day. We report the results of pure tone audiometry (PTA) conducted on HEOs as part of a health surveillance programme.MethodsIn this observational study, 108 HEOs working in a large scale mining industry in South India were assessed for noise induced hearing loss {NIHL}. Standard guidelines were followed and PTA was performed using a NIOSH approved audiogram machine. For this analysis, we selected HEOs between the ages of 45 and 57 years, with 10 or more years of service. These results were compared with 106 age matched employees, who were involved in non-mining activity in the same industry with the same amount of noise exposure but from different sources. Results were validated using standard statistical tools.ResultResults revealed 60% (64/108) of the HEOs suffered NIHL. Of these the impact on the left side was found to be more pronounced for 90% (58/64) versus 10% (6/64) in the right ear. In the comparative group of 106 non-mining employees 55% (59/106) had abnormal audiogram reports but with no specific inclination to the right or left side.DiscussionNIHL is common in the mining industry. The observed laterality in hearing loss among HEOs is likely multi-factorial and can be attributed to the presence of the engine on the left hand side in the Indian vehicles, the failure to sound proof the operator’s cabin and/or comply with the issued personal protective equipment {PPE}. Our results underscore the importance of the need for compliance with the use of PPEs and vehicular upgrade and maintenance.

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Parjo, U. K., Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar, Abdul Mutalib Leman, Paran Gani, Q. Emparan, and Chin Ming Er. "Coating Bio-Resistance Test of Different Wall Finishing for Isolated Indoor Fungal Treatment by Using Potassium Sorbate Biocide on Wood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1384.

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Malaysia is located on the equator has resulted in having two seasons wet and dry. Both of the seasons can influence indoor air quality of buildings promoting the growth of fungal. Fungal growth can occur with the combinations of temperature, relative humidity, substrate and others. Indoor and outdoor air quality is essential for building occupants to prevent the infection diseases caused by fungal. The goal of this study is to remediate the growth indoor fungal after treated with biocides on different types of wall finishing and evaluate the efficiencies of biocides to treat indoor fungal. In this study, the biocides are utilized as a coating for coating bio-resistance. The measurements of the fungal growth are made by growing the samples on realistic wood substrates on the different wall finishing such as paints and wallpapers. The mold that grew are affecting most of the rooms is selected. The air sampler that have been used to isolate the samples of indoor fungal according to NIOSH Manual Analytical Method (NMAM 0800), a guideline provided by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The fungal growth was evaluated using the ASTM D5590-00 standard measuring on the surface of substrate. The results show that potassium sorbate as biocide was able to reduce the indoor fungal growth depending on the type of material used in the building.

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Kuijer, Wietske, Pieter U. Dijkstra, Sandra Brouwer, Michiel F. Reneman, Johan W. Groothoff, and Jan H. B. Geertzen. "Safe Lifting in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Comparing FCE Lifting Task and Niosh Lifting Guideline." Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 16, no. 4 (2006): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10926-005-9010-3.

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Richards, John, and Todd Brozell. "Compilation and Evaluation of Ambient Respirable Crystalline Silica Air Quality Data near Sand Quarries and Processing Facilities." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070903.

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Ambient respirable crystalline silica air quality is of concern to many communities near mineral processing facilities and to regulatory agencies serving these communities. Accurate air quality data are needed to compare measured respirable crystalline silica concentrations at the fencelines of mineral processing facilities with the published health effect guideline published by the California Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). This article is a compilation and evaluation of air quality studies around a diverse set of nineteen sand producing facilities. The respirable crystalline silica air quality data compiled by Air Control Techniques, P.C. and most of the data compiled by other researchers cited in this article have been measured using EPA Reference Method samplers adjusted for respirable crystalline silica sampling and NIOSH Method 7500 X-ray diffraction analyses. The authors conclude that (1) the ambient concentrations in the diverse set of mineral processing facilities were consistently lower than the 3.0 microgram per cubic meter chronic reference exposure level (REL) adopted by OEHHA, (2) upwind-to-downwind fenceline concentration differences were small, and (3) the fenceline t concentrations were often at background concentration levels. The authors recommend additional sampling studies to better characterize background concentrations of ambient respirable crystalline silica.

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Chaffin, Don B. "A Biomechanical Basis for Low Back Injury Risk in High Exertion Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 14 (2005): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901417.

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Manual work is still very prevalent in many jobs today. This paper will explore the historic role that biomechanics has played in understanding these outcomes, as well as reviewing various prevention strategies used today. The focus of the presentation will be on occupational low back pain. The discussion begins with the fundamental biomechanical reality; that the lumbar spine is often subjected to extremely large compression forces when one stoops to pick up an object, even if the object is of moderate weight. The paper will discuss this outcome, as well as biomechanics research in the late 80s that lead to inclusion in 1994 of a torso twisting risk factor in the “NIOSH Lifting Guideline.” The growing use of mechanical aids (hoists, articulated arms and conveyors) has done a great deal to alleviate high levels of low back stress while lifting, but too often these same devices require people to twist and push and pull objects. High torso muscle antagonistic actions and vertebral shear forces were being predicted in such activities, especially when fast motions were involved. Concern also over shoulder injuries was growing related to the use of these devices, leading to the need to develop and use models of whole body exertions in industry to understand the full complexity of the problems for various groups of people. Recently some biomechanics research began to focus on another aspect of vertebral column function that makes it vulnerable to injury, particularly during fast motions with light loads. This vulnerability is due to the column's reliance on well coordinated torso muscle contractions to control its inherent dynamic instability.

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Sepadi, Maasago M., Martha Chadyiwa, and Vusumuzi Nkosi. "Platinum Mine Workers’ Exposure to Dust Particles Emitted at Mine Waste Rock Crusher Plants in Limpopo, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (2020): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020655.

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The South African mining industry is one of the largest producers of platinum (Pt) in the world. Workers in this industry are exposed to significant amounts of dust, and this dust consists of particles sizes that can penetrate deep inside the respiratory region. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate dust exposure risk at two Pt mine waste rock crusher plants (Facility A and B) in Limpopo, South Africa. Workers’ demographic and occupational information was collected through a structured questionnaire, a walk-through observation on facilities’ processes, and static dust sampling for the collection of inhalable and respirable dust particles using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOH) 7602 and the Methods for Determination of Hazardous Substance (MDHS) 14/4 as guidelines. Only 79% of Pt mine workers, used their respiratory protective equipment (RPE), sixty-five percent were exposed to work shifts exceeding the recommended eight hours and 8.8% had been employed for more than ten years. The mean time-weighted average (TWA) dust concentrations between Facility A and B showed a significant difference (p < 0.026). The Pt mine’s inhalable concentrations (range 0.03–2.2 mg/m3) were higher than the respirable concentrations (range 0.02–0.7 mg/m3), however were all below the respective international and local occupational exposure limits (OELs). The Pt mine’s respirable crystalline silica (SiO2) quartz levels were all found below the detectable limit (<0.01 mg/m3). The Pt miners had increased health risks due to accumulated low levels of dust exposure and lack of usage of RPE. It is recommended that an improved dust control program be put in place which includes, but is not limited to, stockpile enclosures, tire stops with water sprays, and education on the importance of RPE usage.

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"An evaluation of NIOSH guidelines for manual lifting." Applied Ergonomics 19, no. 1 (1988): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(88)90217-7.

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"Nanotechnology Law for Commercialization of Nano-Enabled Products." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 3, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jamser.03.02.03.

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This presentation begins with a very short overview of the emerging laws of nanotechnology and then moves forward to study the key trends in emerging nanoregulations. Now that nanomaterials are becoming part of the global codification of nanoregulations hundreds of emerging laws have begun to sprout like mushrooms in unexpected places all over the globe. Surrounding these mushrooms is a vague and treacherous swamp of new laws draft laws and pre-existing laws. Additionally there are rules emerging from powerful opinion leaders who have expertise but not regulatory authority, such as some USA federal government agencies and the World Health Organization (WHO). This overview of the emerging nanoregulations explores USA OSHA and EU REACh and NIOSH RELs (Recommended Exposure Limits) for carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, NIOSH documents such as TiO2 guidance for nanomaterials and an entire webpage full of sound approaches to nanomaterials should remove many questions about the methods for best practices but leaves legal authority unclear because NIOSH is not an enforcement authority and the concept of RELs itself does not appear anywhere in the OSH Act that created NIOSH. So too, WHO guidelines for workplace exposure to nanomaterials are an unprecedented well intended application of precautionary principles even though no data yet exists demonstrating a link between exposure to manufactured nanomaterials in the workplace and proven harm and WHO has no enforcement authority. This trend towards prevention in face of unquantifed risk is important. This presentation will examine what this means from the global health standpoint, regarding nanotechnology; what does this mean for global health law and governance of science and emerging technologies? This presentation concludes that the new nanomaterial rules focus on problems that haven’t happened yet but that experts believe are likely to occur. This unprecedented preventive phenomenon in nanoregulations impacts risk assessment, quality assurance for compliance and inevitably the acceptaable methods for preventing corporate or professional liability. Therefore nanoregulation is a dynamic process that will influence many health laws around the world.

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Ali, Kashif, Fakhsheena Anjum, Mehwish Wajdi, Zubeda Bhutto, Rida Naseem, and Tahir Sultan Shamsi. "Medication Usage Evaluation in Patients Prescribed with Ganciclovir in Bone Marrow Transplantation." RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/jpps.v8i3.402.

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Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the leading risks in bone marrow transplantation for which Ganciclovir is choice of therapy requiring monitoring due to its cytotoxic potential. Study objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the use of Ganciclovir in the management of CMV in hemato-oncologic patients. Methods: The study was designed to assess the usage pattern of Ganciclovir in concordance with the predefined assessment criteria. The medical record of patients was extracted by a senior clinical pharmacist from the specialty of hematology-Oncology in a hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients’ records of 2016-2017 (24 months) were collected both retrospectively and prospectively to review with CMV positive infection; the nurses’ performance regarding drug storage, handling, and preparation for administration was also observed. Assessment criteria were developed to evaluate the appropriateness of Ganciclovir use by applying standard treatment guidelines adapted from the Lexicomp drug monograph specifying its usage details, USP 800 (United States Pharmacopeia) and NIOSH Guidelines The collected data were categorized and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 16.0. Results: For this study, 42 cases with CMV positive infection were observed. Out of n= 42 cases, n= 23 (54.76%) had drug interaction with mycophenolate mofetil and n= 1 (2.38%) case had drug interaction with imipenem cilastatin. Ganciclovir was stopped in n= 8 (19.04%) patients due to development of adverse drug reaction (febrile neutropenia). It was observed by the senior clinical pharmacist that neither the pharmacists nor the nurses were aware of protocol for Ganciclovir handling as per standard treatment guidelines. Conclusion: Ganciclovir was inappropriately managed by the Nurses and Pharmacists which can be improved by developing and implementing local guidelines according to standard protocol.

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Rafeemanesh, E., F. Rahimpour, and M. Memarzadeh. "Approaches for Covid-19 infection control in the workplaces." Occupational Medicine, July 11, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/tkj.v11i4.3653.

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Introduction: Due to the spread of the new coronavirus around the world, workplaces are not safe against this disease. Different guidelines have been proposed by international organizations regarding high-risk jobs and the necessity of implementing health rules in the workplaces. According to the high incidence of this disease in our country, the aim of this review article was to evaluate the epidemiologic studies on prevention and control of new coronavirus in the workplaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2020 and CDC, NIOSH, OSHA, and WHO instructions were evaluated. Eighteen articles and 5 instructions were selected for this review article. Results: Investigations revealed that most of occupations such as healthcare workers, waste workers, and public transportation staff are at increased risk of this disease. Conclusion: All members of the society including employers, employees and laborers should be completely ready to overcome the virus, even if the epidemic has not been spreading in that country or area. This point can be effective on the reduction of lost workdays, work absenteeism and prevent the spread of the virus in the community.

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Yarahmadi, R., F. Bokharaei-Salim, S. Soleimani-Alyar, et al. "Occupational exposure of health care personnel to SARS-CoV-2 particles in the intensive care unit of Tehran hospital." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, February 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03095-z.

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AbstractThe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has attracted much attention to study its possible presence and airborne transmission. The possibility of COVID-19 airborne transmission in indoor environments is debatable. The present study examined the concentration of viral RNA-containing particles produced directly or indirectly by breathing or coughing of confirmed COVID-19 patients or by carriers without symptoms. Some studies do not accept this method of transmission (COVID-19 airborne transmission). The present study aimed to measure the possible exposure of health care personnel to SARS-CoV-2 particles that may have been suspended in the air to respond to the hypothesis of COVID-19 airborne transmission. Airborne particle sampling was performed using impingement method based on NIOSH (chapter BA) and ASHRAE. Selection of sampling sections was in line with the WHO guidelines. The samples were analyzed using RT-PCR technique. Based on the given results, airborne particles of COVID-19 may present in the air and affect the health of hospital personnel. In fact, the analysis of gene expression in ambient conditions and thereby aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through air is possible and may lead to occupational exposure of health care personnel. Furthermore, it was found that airborne emission of COVID-19 through the breathing zone of patients, particularly in ICU wards with confirmed cases of COVID-19, may be higher than in other ICU wards. Also, the demonstrated results showed that there is a possibility of reaerosolization (reintroduction) of previously airborne SARS-CoV-2 particles into the atmosphere due to health care personnel frequently walking between different wards and stations of ICU.

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"1433400 PB90-131889/XAB NIOSH (national institute for occupational safety and health) testimony on OSHA (occupational safety and health administration) guidelines on biotechnology to DOL (department of labor), by J. Donald Millar, August 1985." Biotechnology Advances 8, no. 2 (1990): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(90)91682-7.

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