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Broadbelt, Nalini V. "Regulation of iNOS expression : in response to pressure in proximal tubule epithelial cells /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619205731&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Olekhnovitch, Romain. "The antimicrobial activity of nitric oxide at the site of Leishmania infection." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC152.
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La production d'oxyde nitrique (NO) par l'enzyme iNOS (inducible NO synthase) est impliquée dans le contrôle de nombreuses infections causées par des pathogènes intracellulaires. Cependant, la nature des signaux nécessaires à l'induction d'iNOS in vivo et les mécanismes responsables de son activité antimicrobienne restent à définir. En particulier, plusieurs études suggèrent que le NO exerce son activité de manière intrinsèque : l'induction d'iNOS par les cellules infectées leur permettrait donc de contrôler individuellement leur charge microbienne. Alternativement, la capacité du NO à diffuser à travers les membranes cellulaires pourrait bien jouer un rôle déterminant dans le contrôle de ces infections à pathogènes intracellulaires. Les contributions respectives de ces deux modes d'action dans le contrôle de l'infection restent inconnues. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons dans le cadre de l'infection par Leishmania major que iNOS est rapidement induite en réponse à l'IFNy et le TNF par les phagocytes mononucléés recrutés au site d'infection mais ne confère aucune capacité intrinsèque à contrôler les parasites. Au contraire, nous démontrons que la diffusion du NO permet de tuer les parasites aussi bien dans les cellules exprimant iNOS que dans les cellules à proximité et que la production collective de NO par de nombreux phagocytes et nécessaire pour atteindre une activité antimicrobienne efficace. Finalement, en s'appuyant sur une méthode innovante impliquant une protéine photoconvertible, nous démontrons que ce milieu riche en NO limite le métabolisme et ainsi la prolifération du parasite in vivo, permettant ainsi de contrôler efficacement l'infection par Leishmania<br>The production of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) plays a critical role in the control of many infections with intracellular pathogens. However, the signais mediating iNOS induction in vivo and the precise mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial activity at the site of infection remain unclear. In particular, several studies have promoted the idea that NO production in infected cells may enable them to individually control their pathogen burden. Alternatively, the ability of NO to diffuse efficiently across cell membranes may be critical for the control of infection with intracellular pathogens. Whether pathogen control primarily depends on cell-intrinsic or cell-extrinsic activity of NO is unknown. In this thesis, we demonstrate that during Leishmania major infection, iNOS is rapidly induced in recruited mononuclear phagocytes in response to IFNy and TNF. We show that this rapid iNOS induction does not confer any cell-intrinsic ability to lower parasite content. Ln fact, we demonstrate that the diffusion of NO promotes equally effective parasite killing in producing and bystander cells and that the collective production of NO by numerous phagocytes is necessary to exert an effective antimicrobial activity. Altogether, we prOpose that in contrast to a cell-autonomous control of intracellular pathogens, this cooperative mechanism generates an antimicrobial milieu that provides the basis for pathogen containment at the tissue level. Finally, using a new method based on a photoconvertible protein, we demonstrate that this NO-rich microenvironment controls Leishmania infection in part by dampening parasite metabolism and subsequent proliferation in vivo
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Al-Dhaher, Zainab. "Angiotensin II produces endothelial dysfunction by simultaneously activating eNOS and NAD(P)H oxidase." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112371.
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Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system lowers the rate of cardiovascular events in patients at risk for vascular disease and also improves endothelial function but the mechanism remains unclear. HUVECs were stimulated with Ang II (100 nM). Ang II produced a 2-fold increase in O2- production, which was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. This increase was blocked by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI, but not by eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. Ang II increased monocyte adhesion to ECs by 4.5-fold, and this increase was blocked by candesartan (AT1 receptor antagonist), DPI, L-NAME, wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), dominant negative-AKT, and p22phox siRNA. Dominant active-AKT increased adhesion by 1.5-fold. Our findings indicate that the simultaneous activation by Ang II of eNOS and NAD(P)H oxidase leads to endothelial activation. This process can partially explain the therapeutic benefits of reducing the action of Ang II.
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Campbell, Holly R. 1976. "Chlorine-induced lung injury and the role of iNOS." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111574.
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Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), a form of irritant-induced asthma (IIA) has been observed in humans following acute chlorine (Cl 2) gas exposure in occupational and domestic settings. Following Cl 2 injury, subepithelial fibrosis, mucous hyperplasia, and non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness have been reported. Based on the disease profile, we hypothesized that pulmonary damage may be oxidative in nature.<br>The aim of this work was to develop a murine model of irritant-induced asthma in order to investigate the pathogenic processes and potential oxidative mechanisms involved in response to Cl2 exposure, with a secondary aim of examining the role of iNOS in response to Cl2 inhalation.<br>A/J, C57BI/6J (wild type) and iNOS-1- mice exposed to various concentrations of Cl2 were mechanically ventilated for measurement of lung mechanics and responses to i.v. methacholine (MCh). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to examine total protein, cell populations and nitrate/nitrates. Tissues were harvested for histology and immunocytochemistry for iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues. To examine the role of iNOS, a subset of animals were treated with a selective iNOS inhibitor (1400W) and non-selective NOS inhibitor LNAME.<br>Chlorine exposure caused airway hyperresponsiveness, which appeared to be mitigated by iNOS blockade with 1400W, however this was not the case in iNOS-1- mice. Cl2 exposure also caused increases in total BAL protein, total cells, NOx, neutrophils, iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues.<br>In conclusion, chlorine exposure causes lung injury, similar to reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, epithelial sloughing, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative injury and increases in both the activity and expression of iNOS. Chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is mitigated, in part, by selective blockade of iNOS with the use of pharmacological intervention.
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Halpern, Ilana. "Células dendríticas plasmocitoides, dendrócitos dérmicos fator XIIIa positivos, macrófagos e expressão da forma induzida da óxido nítrico sintase na resposta tecidual cutânea de leishmaniose tegumentar americana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-10102012-095334/.
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Em todas as formas clínicas da leishmaniose tegumentar americana os macrófagos são as células efetoras mais importantes na destruição do parasita intracelular. As células dendríticas são células apresentadoras de antígeno localizadas nos sítios de inoculação, como pele e mucosa. Os dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos são células derivadas de linhagem mielomonocítica e consideradas complementares às células de Langerhans no processo de apresentação de antígenos e indução da resposta imune. As células dendríticas plasmocitoides representam um subgrupo de células dendríticas precursoras presentes no sangue periférico e órgãos linfoides. Estas células são identificadas pela alta expressão de receptor da cadeia alfa da interleucina-3 (CD123) e são fortes produtoras de interferon tipo I. Elas são raramente observadas na pele humana normal, e foram demonstradas em dermatoses inflamatórias e virais. O óxido nítrico e seus derivados atuam como moléculas efetoras da citotoxicidade macrofágica contra parasitas. A expressão da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzida (iNOS) e a geração de óxido nítrico é importante no controle da infecção por diferentes espécies de Leishmania. Cinqüenta e dois espécimes de biópsias cutâneas de pacientes diagnosticados com leishmaniose tegumentar americana foram classificados histologicamente de acordo com o padrão de resposta tecidual, se granulomatoso ou inflamatório difuso não específico. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar e quantificar a presença de células dendríticas plasmocitoides em 36 das biópsias, através de estudo imuno-histoquímico com anticorpo anti-CD123, comparando os achados entre os diferentes tipos de resposta tecidual; verificar a expressão de iNOS por dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos e comparar com a expressão de iNOS por macrófagos nas lesões cutâneas, através de estudo imuno-histoquímico com dupla marcação pelos anticorpos antiCD68 e antiiNOS em 43 biópsias cutâneas, e pelos anticorpos anti-Fator XIIIa e antiiNOS em 34 amostras, comparando os achados entre os diferentes padrões de resposta tecidual. Foram evidenciadas células dendríticas CD123+ em todos espécimes de lesões cutâneas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana estudados. Em 22/36 amostras, as células dendríticas plasmocitoides estavam dispostas isoladamente entre outras células inflamatórias; em 14/36 amostras estavam agrupadas, pelo menos focalmente, principalmente no grupo granulomatoso (13 amostras) e em um caso do grupo não específico; dez amostras exibiram células na junção dermoepidérmica, sendo oito no grupo granulomatoso e duas no grupo não específico. Entretanto, não houve diferença no número de células CD123+/mm2 entre os dois grupos estudados. Esses resultados sugerem que as células dendríticas plasmocitoides participam da resposta imune nas lesões cutâneas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. A expressão de iNOS por dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos foi evidenciada em todos os espécimes estudados, sendo que a maioria dos macrófagos expressou iNOS. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o número de células CD68+/mm2 e CD68+iNOS+/mm2 nos diferentes padrões de resposta tecidual, tampouco no número de células Fator XIIIa+/mm2, mas o número de células FatorXIIIa+iNOS+/mm2 foi maior no grupo granulomatoso. Quando comparadas 34 amostras, todas elas submetidas a estudos com anticorpos anti-Fator XIIIa, anti-CD68, anti- FatorXIIIa/iNOS e anti-CD68/iNOS, foi maior o número total de macrófagos que dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos, expressando ou não iNOS, e a porcentagem de macrófagos coexpressando iNOS foi maior que a coexpressão de iNOS por dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos, mas esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os grupos histológicos separadamente. Os resultados demonstram que os dendrócitos dérmicos Fator XIIIa positivos expressam iNOS, menos que os macrófagos, mas proeminentemente no grupo granulomatoso, sugerindo a sua participação na patogênese de lesões cutâneas de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, como células com capacidade leishmanicida e/ou apresentadoras de antígeno<br>In all forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions, macrophages are the most important effector cells involved in intracellular parasite destruction. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that are localized at the entry sites, such as skin and mucosa. Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes are bone marrow-monocytic lineagederived cells and considered complementary cells to Langerhans cells in the process of antigen presentation and inducing immune response. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells constitute a subset of dendritic cells precursors in peripheral blood and organized lymphoid tissue. These cells are identified by their high levels of interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain (CD123) and are vigorous type I interferon producing cells. They are rarely present in normal human skin, and have been demonstrated in inflammatory and viral dermatoses. Nitric oxide radical and derivatives act as effector molecules of macrophage cytotoxicity against invading parasites. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and generation of nitric oxide is important in control of infection in different Leishmania species. Fifty-two samples of skin biopsies obtained from American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients were histologically classified as granulomatous reaction or non specific diffuse inflammatory reaction. The aim of the study was to demonstrate and quantify the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in thirty-six skin biopsies, by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD123, comparing findings in both patterns of tissue response; to verify the expression of iNOS by Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes and compare to the expression of iNOS by macrophages in cutaneous lesions, by doublestaining technique with antiCD68 and antiiNOS antibodies in forty-three skin biopsies and anti-factor XIIIa and antiiNOS antibodies in thirty-four biopsies, comparing findings between different tissue response patterns. Dendritic CD123+ cells were demonstrated in all specimens of American tegumentary leishmaniasis lesions. The number of CD123+ cells/mm2 in the two groups did not differ. In 22/36 samples, plasmacytoid dendritic cells were intermingled with other inflammatory cells, and were grouped, at least focally, in 14/36 samples. Thirteen cases from the granulomatous group and one non specific case showed clusters of cells in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Ten biopsies displayed plasmacytoid dendritic cells at the dermoepidermal junction, two in the non specific group and eight in the granulomatous group. The findings suggest that plasmacytoid dendritic cells participate in the immune response of American tegumentary leishmaniasis skin lesions. Expression of iNOS by Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes was shown in all specimens, and most of the macrophages expressed iNOS. The total number of CD68+ cells/mm2 and CD68+iNOS+ cells/mm2 in the two groups did not differ, nor the total number of FactorXIIIa+ cells/mm2, but the number of FactorXIIIa+iNOS+ cells/mm2 was higher in the granulomatous group. When comparing thirty-four samples that were all tested to anti-Factor XIIIa, anti-CD68, anti-FactorXIIIa/anti-iNOS and anti-CD68/anti-iNOS, it was higher the total number of macrophages, either non-expressing or expressing iNOS than iNOS-expressing Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes, and the total percentage of iNOS-expressing macrophages was higher than iNOSexpressing Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes, but this percentage was not significant when granulomatous and non specific groups were separately analyzed. The results demonstrate that FactorXIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes express iNOS, less than macrophages, but prominently in the granulomatous group, suggesting they play a role in the pathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis skin lesions as immune effectors and/or antigenpresenting cells
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Smith, Adrian Paul Lindsay. "Hypoxic regulation of preproendothelin-1 and nitric oxide synthase type III expression in the lung." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624334.
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Yannaccone, Andrew. "Spatial distribution and modulation of nitric oxide synthase in a hypertensive rat model." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2649.
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There are gaps in the fundamental understanding of the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the microvasculature. We examined co-localization of NOS1 (nNOS), NOS2 (iNOS) and NOS3 (eNOS) in the spinotrapezius muscle of young adult male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats according to fiber type using immunohistochemistry and brightfield microscopy. Data regarding fiber distribution, population and morphology data were collected. Alkaline phosphatase staining was used to determine capillary density and average number of capillaries around a fiber. Gel electrophoresis and Western blot techniques were used to compare myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression with fiber type population data and to determine NOS1-3 protein expression in whole muscle homogenate. This study should provide a more accurate understanding of differences in NOS expression between these two strains of rats.
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Corbin, Karen Davidowitz. "Multi-Level Regulation Of Argininosuccinate Synthase: Significance For Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002692.
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Ollerstam, Anna. "Macula Densa Derived Nitric Oxide and Kidney Function." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5293-0/.
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Sangüesa, Ferrer Juan F. "Modulation fonctionnelle et distribution du canal calcique Cav3. 2 : rôle de la nNOS." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T015.
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Le canal calcique Cav3. 2 joue un rôle capital dans de nombreux processus physiologiques, notamment dans la transmission de la douleur aigüe et chronique. Cependant, les mécanismes régulant la distribution et les propriétés de ces canaux restent encore mal connus. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai participé au développement d'un nouveau modèle pour étudier ces mécanismes : la souris knock-in Cav3. 2-GFPécliptique. Cette souris permettra d'étudier la localisation et la dynamique de Cav3. 2 in vivo grâce à une étiquette fluorescente insérée dans la partie extracellulaire du canal. Des sites de recombinaison loxP ont été également introduits dans le génome de cette souris afin d'effectuer des invalidations tissu-spécifiques et/ou inductibles du canal. En parallèle, une approche protéomique m'a permis d'identifier un nouveau partenaire de Cav3. 2 : la nNOS, une enzyme responsable de la production d'oxyde nitrique (NO). En effet, nous avons montré que Cav3. 2 possède un motif très conservé dans sa région C-terminale qui lui permet d'interagir avec le domaine de PDZ de la nNOS. Cette interaction a des conséquences fonctionnelles pour les deux protéines. D'une part, la présence de la nNOS induit une diminution de la densité des courants générés par le canal Cav3. 2, grâce à un mécanisme qui nécessite l'activité de l'enzyme et la présence d'un centre coordinateur d'ions métalliques dans la partie extracellulaire du canal. D'autre part, nous avons montré que Cav3. 2 est capable de modifier la distribution subcellulaire de la nNOS. L'enzyme est emmenée par le canal à proximité de la membrane plasmique où elle est plus facilement activée par l'entrée de calcium. Cette association fonctionnelle Cav3. 2-nNOS pourrait être impliquée dans des processus comme la nociception, la mémoire et la régulation du tonus vasculaire.
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Goodwin, Bonnie L. "The role and regulation of argininosuccinate synthase in endothelial function." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001368.
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Song, Dongzhe. "Cardiovascular function in animal models of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes : the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/822.
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Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and oxidative stress have been shown to be associated with compromised cardiovascular function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. The aim of the project is to investigate cardiovascular abnormalities in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetes fatty or ZDF rats) and two models of metabolic syndrome (fructose-fed rats and Zucker obese rats), and to provide direct evidence linking iNOS and oxidative stress to abnormal cardiovascular function in these disorders. Blood pressure, cardiac contractility, cardiac index, regional flow, vascular resistance and venous tone were measured in diseased as well as normal rats. Biochemical analyses such as activities of iNOS, immunostaining of iNOS and western-blot analysis of iNOS in the heart tissue were carried out. The results showed that cardiac contractile response to dobutamine was compromised in the ZDF rats, and this was associated with increased myocardial protein expression as well as activity of iNOS. The formation of peroxynitrite was increased in the heart tissue of the ZDF rats. Selective inhibition of iNOS by 1400W (N-3-aminomethyl-benzyl-acetamidine) did not alter responses to dobutamine in the control rats, but augmented the contractile effects of dobutamine in the diabetic rats. The regional blood flow was altered in the ZDF rats, and iNOS played a negligible role in regulating regional flow in the ZDF rats. Although venous response to noradrenaline was also altered in the Zucker obese rats, NOS may not be involved in venous tone regulation. Anti-oxidative treatment with N-acetylcysteine inhibited the development of insulin resistance, blood pressure elevation and the increase of 8-isoprostane formation in the fructose-fed rats. We conclude that heart function is compromised and regional blood flow is altered in the ZDF rats. Activation of iNOS plays an important role in suppressing heart dysfunction but does not affect regional blood flow. In Zucker obese rats with metabolic syndrome, iNOS may not be involved in changes of venous function. Oxidative stress is associated with both abnormality of heart dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (by formation of peroxynitrite due to iNOS activation) and development of hypertension and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome.
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Mulatz, Kirk James. "A PDZ-3 mediated physical and functional interaction between the CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel and neuronal nitric oxide synthase." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43790.
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T-type voltage-gated calcium channels are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in several non-neuronal tissues and contribute to variety of functions such as neuronal excitability, intracellular calcium influx, shaping action potentials, pace-making activity, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. Of the three T-type channel isoforms, Cav3.2 is uniquely sensitive to redox modulation with oxidizing reagents inhibiting and reducing compounds enhancing channel activity. This modulation has been shown to alter firing patterns of reticular thalamic neurons and to affect the nociceptive threshold in vivo suggesting that redox modulation of Cav3.2 may play an important role in regulating neuronal activity.
A potential source of oxidizing molecules in vivo is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a calcium dependent enzyme which synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) from arginine. Interestingly, the carboxyl terminus of Cav3.2 possesses a putative PDZ-3 binding ligand which is compatible with the PDZ-3 domain of nNOS. I hypothesize that Cav3.2 and nNOS physically interact via the PDZ-3 binding ligand of Cav3.2 and that this physical interaction mediates a functional interaction whereby Cav3.2 activity stimulates nNOS to produce NO which, in turn, inhibits Cav3.2 activity.
Cav3.2 and nNOS were expressed in a heterologous system which allowed us to examine the putative PDZ-3 mediated interactions between the two proteins. Immunoprecipitation experiments using Cav3.2 specific antibodies demonstrate that Cav3.2 and nNOS can interact via the carboxyl PDZ-3 ligand of Cav3.2 and that this interaction is disrupted when the PDZ-3 ligand is mutated. Utilizing a NO sensitive fluorometric assay we show that Cav3.2 activity can stimulate nNOS to produce NO and that disruption the PDZ-3 interaction precludes nNOS activation. We also demonstrate that the PDZ-3 mediated physical interaction facilitates the inhibition of Cav3.2 by nNOS derived NO.
Disruption of the Cav3.2/nNOS interaction in vivo using intraperitoneal injection of membrane permeable peptides designed to competitively disrupt the PDZ-3 interaction produces an exaggerated respiratory response to changes in available oxygen and a blunted response in the hyperoxic response test. These results indicate that Cav3.2 and nNOS physically and functionally interact to contribute to normal physiological processes.
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Brennan, Peter Andrew. "Expression of type 11 nitric oxide synthase and its correlation with p53, p21 and ki-67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399738.
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Loyer, Xavier. "Expression, rôle et régulation de l'isoforme neuronale NOS dans le myocarde sain et pathologique." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077072.
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L'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (HVG) est un élément majeur dans la survenue de l'insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Au cours de PIC, l'expression et l'activité de l'isoforme neuronale (NOS1) des NO synthases (NOS) sont augmentées. Cependant le rôle précis de NOS1 dans le processus hypertrophique est inconnu. Ce travail a consisté à :1- déterminer le patron d'expression de NOS1 lors de l'HVG en fonction du genre et/ou du statut œstrogénique et 2- définir son rôle à l'aide d'un modèle sur-exprimant NOS1 au niveau du cardiomyocyte. En réponse à une sténose de l'aorte thoracique (TAC) chez le rat, l'induction de NOS1 est une réponse précoce chez le mâle. Des différences cinétiques, liées au genre, sont mises en évidence. L'induction et l'activité de NOS1 dans le cœur hypertrophié dépendent de signaux mécaniques et sont indépendantes des oestrogènes. Le modèle murin sur-exprimant NOS1 dans le cardiomyocyte a permis de démontrer après une TAC, le rôle bénéfique d'une sur-expression de NOS1. Ces animaux développent une HVG supérieure aux animaux sauvages et conservent une fonction cardiaque normale. Le rôle protrophique de NOS1 est démontré avec la technique d'interférence par l'ARN sur des cardiomyocytes en culture. La recherche des signaux mis en jeu, in vivo et in vitro, révèle l'implication de la voie dépendante de la calcineurine. Le rôle de NOS1 sur la prévention de l'IC est du au maintien de l'homéostasie calcique via des effets de NOS1 sur les protéines du réticulum sarcoplasmique impliquées dans le cycle calcique. En conclusion, ce travail révèle le rôle pro-trophique et bénéfique de NO SI dans le cœur en réponse à une surcharge sévère de pression<br>Hypertrophy is crucial in the development of heart failure (HF). In failing hearts, NOS1 expression and activity are increased in cardiomyocytes,. However, the role of NOS1 in the setting of myocardial hypertrophy is unclear. Thus, the goals of the study were to 1- determine the pattern of NOS1 expression and 2- define its role in LVH. Using pressure overload-induced LVH in rats, we demonstrated that NOS1 expression and activity increased early in males and latter on in females, these regulations being only dependent on biomechanical stress. In vitro, the direct prohypertrophic role of NOS1 was confirmed on cultured cardiomyocyte, using RNA interference approach. In vivo, using a transgenic mouse with cardiac-specific overexpression of NOS1, we demonstrated that NOS1 protects against maladaptive remodeling and contractile dysfunction in response to pressure overload- Analyses of both in vivo and in vitro intracellular pathways showed that NO SI directly regulated the cardiac hypertrophic response through modulation of the calcineurin signalling pathway. Mechanistically, we showed that NOS 1 overexpression is beneficial in preventing the transition toward HF through the preservation of cardiomyocyte calcium cycling and contractility. In conclusion, our results suggest that targeting endogenous NOS1 could provide a useful strategy against adverse remodeling and functional deterioration during chronic pressure overload
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Huang, Mingchuan. "I: Study of protein-carbohydrate interaction on carbohydrate arrays II: Synthesis of analogues of sphingosine base, nitric oxide donors and HDAC inhibitors /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1194491186.
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Rydgren, Tobias. "Experimental Studies Aiming to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8292.
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<p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which T-cells and macrophages invade the islets of Langerhans and selectively destroy the insulin producing β-cells, either directly or through the secretion of e.g. cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). This thesis has studied possible strategies to prevent T1DM. In β-cells and macrophages, NO is produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). </p><p>In the first study, we found that 1400W, a highly selective inhibitor of iNOS could prevent interleukin (IL)-1β induced suppression of rat islet function <i>in vitro</i>, but not diabetes induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLDS), a well established animal model for autoimmune diabetes, <i>in vivo</i>. </p><p>Next, we wanted to test a new type of high affinity blocker of IL-1 action, called IL-1 trap, <i>in vitro</i>. Here we found that an IL-1 trap could prevent the suppressive effects by IL-1β on rat pancreatic islet function. Also, it was sufficient to block the action of IL-1β to prevent islet cell death induced by a combination of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ.</p><p>In study III, a murine IL-1 trap was found to prolong islet graft survival in the recurrence of disease (ROD) model, a T1DM model that involves syngeneic transplantation of healthy pancreatic islets to diabetic nonobese diabetic mice. Mice treated with IL-1 trap displayed an increased mRNA level of the cytokine IL-4 in isolated spleen cells. This suggests a shift towards Th2-cytokine production, which in part could explain the results. </p><p>Finally, simvastatin an anti-hypercholesterolemic drug that possesses anti-inflammatory properties e.g. by interfering with transendothelial migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation was studied. We found that the administration of simvastatin could delay, and in some mice prevent, the onset of MLDS-diabetes, and prolong islet graft survival in the ROD model. </p>
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Noonan, William Thomas. "RENAL FUNCTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN ALTERED FLUID BALANCE STATES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin971366946.
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Fitt, Jacqueline S. "Is the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene a susceptibility gene for coronary artery disease, hypertension and type 2 diabetes among North Indian populations?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9913.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD), Hypertension (Ht) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are all global health problems. This is particularly evident amongst South Asian population groups. The conventional risk factors do not fully explain the higher prevalence of these diseases among South Asians. The endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) gene is responsible for the production of Nitric Oxide (NO), which may contribute to the physiology of all three disease states. Endothelial dysfunction (which is characterised by a reduction in basal NO) has been shown to be present in, or prior to all three diseases. Numerous variations exist within the eNOS gene, of these variations three have been shown to have a possible functional effect. The first is the Glu298Asp polymorphism within the exon region of the gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of Glutamate (Glu) to Aspartate (Asp). The second, known as the T-786C polymorphism, is a thymine to cytosine mutation at position -786 in the promoter region. Finally a VNTR polymorphism in Intron 4 causes either a 4 27bp repeat or a 5 27bp repeat. It is hypothesised that these variations could have an effect on the ability of eNOS to produce NO and thus may increase the risk or contribute to the development of the diseases. Previous studies on these variants have shown conflicting results and further studies are warranted to understand and confirm the role of eNOS gene polymorphisms in cardio-metabolic diseases. There is very limited research into the distributions of these genetic variants and their interaction in diseases processes in North Indian populations. Objectives: 1. To analyse through a case control study three different polymorphisms of the eNOS gene for possible association with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertension (Ht) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in North Indian population groups. 2. To statistically evaluate descriptive statistics including; age, gender, smoking, dietary behaviours and lipid parameters for possible influence on disease and potential interaction with genetic polymorphisms. 3. To evaluate linkage disequilibrium between the three eNOS variants and carryout haplotype analysis to work out haplotype risk in different diseases. 4. To analyse through a case control study the deletion variant of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene for possible association with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertension (Ht) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in North Indian population groups. 5. To determine a possible interactive effect of the eNOS polymorphisms with the ACE polymorphism. Subjects and Methods: The Glu298Asp and Intron 4 variants were genotyped using a PCR-RFLP technique, the T-786C variant was genotyped using a real time-PCR technique. The ACE deletion variant was also genotyped using a standard PCR technique. The genotyping was undertaken in a total of 457 CAD patients and 220 matched controls from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in North India, 319 T2DM patients and 307 matched controls from Punjab, North India and 210 Ht and 162 matched controls, also from Punjab, North India. Results: CAD: The Glu298Asp was significantly associated with CAD among smokers (TT+GT vs. GG OR=2.84 (CI: 1.61-5.0), p<0.001). The Intron 4 variant was also significantly associated with CAD in a smoking dependent manner (4aa+4ab vs. 4bb OR=0.56 (CI: 0.33-0.96). The T-786C variant showed no overall influence on CAD risk. There was also evidence for both synergistic and haplotypic effects of the eNOS gene on CAD status (haplotype G-C-4b OR=4.76 (CI: 1.43-15.78), p<0.001). The ACE genetic variant was confirmed to be a strong independent risk factor for CAD under a dominant model (OR=2.18 (CI: 1.46-3.25), p<0.001). There was no evidence for an interactive effect between the ACE deletion and any of the three eNOS variants incorporated in the current study. Ht: The Glu298Asp variant was not shown to increase Ht risk, with a reduced risk association found under a recessive model (OR=0.316 (CI:0.089-1.116)), p=0.061). The T-786C variant s role in disease remained unclear with the findings showing a non significant increased risk. The Intron 4 variant was also shown to increase Ht risk, in a non significant manner. Sufficiently powered studies would be required to clarify these possible associations. The combined analysis, using logistic regression and haplotype analysis revealed no significant associations, but there was a possible protective effect of the T-C-4b haplotype (OR=0.46 (CI: 0.21-1.01), p=0.054). The ACE gene variant was confirmed to be a strong independent risk factor for Ht under a recessive model (OR=1.81 (CI: 1.20-2.74), p=0.01). Again there was no evidence for an interactive effect between the ACE deletion and any of the three eNOS variants in hypertension. T2DM: The Glu298Asp variant was found to be associated with T2DM under a dominant model, the protective effect remained significant following adjustment for conventional risk factors and other gene variants (OR=0.407 (CI: 0.231-0.717), p=0.002). The T-786C variant showed no overall influence on T2DM risk. The Intron 4 variant also found no overall influence. Haplotype analysis found the T-T-4b was found to be significantly protective for T2DM (OR=0.41 (CI: 0.26-0.65), p=0.0002). Finally the ACE gene variant was confirmed to be a risk factor for T2DM under a dominant model (OR=2.62 (CI: 1.51-4.54), p=0.001). Overall Conclusions: To conclude, this study successfully identified the frequency of three eNOS gene variants and the ACE deletion variant in three complex diseases within north Indian populations. There is a clear role of the eNOS gene in all three diseases and consequently the genetic variants have susceptible/protective associations. The association with disease was found to be present at an individual level, in association with risk factors and at a haplotypic level. These findings warrant further studies to confirm and untangle the genetics of complex diseases and genetic risk profiles calculations which will contribute to the field of medical genomics/personalised medicare and interventions among North Indian populations.
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FAURE, VIOLAINE. "Etude des mecanismes moleculaires impliques dans l'induction et la regulation de la nitric oxide synthase (nos-ii) dans les cellules epitheliales pigmentees de la retine." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112273.
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Dans les cellules de l'epithelium pigmente de la retine (epr) de buf, l'isoforme inductible nos-ii est exprimee apres stimulation par le lipopolysaccharide (lps) et l'interferon (ifn-) qui mettent en jeu des formes reactives de l'oxygene et des tyrosine kinases. Le lps et l'ifn- doivent etre presents en continu pour observer une accumulation maximale des arnm de nos-ii. Dans la premiere partie de ce travail nous avons montre que le lps active le facteur de transcription nf-b, constitutivement present dans les cellules, alors que l'ifn- active le facteur stat1 permettant ensuite l'activation transcriptionnelle du facteur irf-1. Ces trois facteurs, nf-b, stat1 et irf-1, sont necessaires mais pas suffisants a l'induction de nos-ii. Ce mecanisme met aussi en jeu des map kinases comme les kinases erk1/erk2 et p38. Dans la deuxieme partie de ce travail, nous avons mis en evidence l'effet de facteurs de croissance et d'interferons de type i sur l'induction de nos-ii. Il apparait que, dans les cellules epr de buf, le fgf inhibe l'accumulation des arnm de nos-ii, par un mecanisme transcriptionnel, alors que le tgf- a un effet potentialisateur. Par contre dans des cellules de rat ou d'humain, l'effet oppose est observe. Le fgf n'agit ni au niveau de nf-b ni au niveau d'irf-1. Dans les cellules epr de buf, les ifns de type i ont aussi un effet inhibiteur sur l'induction de nos-ii, en inhibant l'induction d'irf-1 mais pas l'activation de nf-b. Le mecanisme de regulation de l'induction de nos-ii est donc specifique de l'espece utilisee ainsi que de l'element inhibiteur etudie.
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Holstad, Maria. "Prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus in experimental studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4972-7/.
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Möllsten, Anna. "Factors influencing the risk of diabetic nephropathy : analyses of genes, smoking and diet /." Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-911.
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McNeely, Brendan. "The Roles of Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Regulating Cutaneous Blood Flow and Sweating During Prolonged Exercise in the Heat with and without Fluid Replacement." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36527.
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The current study evaluated whether NO synthase (NOS) contributes to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during prolonged exercise in the heat. In addition, we determined if prolonged exercise-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) impair heat loss responses. On two separate days, eleven young men completed 90-min of continuous cycling at ~600W of metabolic heat production followed by 40-min of recovery in the heat (40ºC). To evaluate the role of excess fluid loss via sweating, participants completed a second session of the same protocol while receiving fluid replacement (FR) determined during the first session (No-FR). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and local sweat rate (LSR) were measured at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites perfused with either: (1) lactated Ringer (Control); (2) 10 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NOS inhibition); (3) 10 mM ascorbate (non-selective anti-oxidant); or (4) 4.34 nM Losartan (AT1R inhibition). Ascorbate treatment increased CVC at 60- and 90-min of exercise versus Control during the FR (P < 0.02), but not the No-FR condition (P > 0.31). CVC was reduced at the L-NAME treated site (P < 0.02), but was not different relative to Control at the Losartan treated site (P > 0.19) irrespective of condition. LSR did not differ between sites or as a function of condition (all P > 0.10). We conclude that NO regulates cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating, irrespective of fluid replacement, and ascorbate sensitive ROS impair cutaneous vasodilation during prolonged exercise in the heat with FR.
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Pelat, Michel. "Conséquences d'une obésité nutritionnelle sur les fonctions cardiovasculaires et neurovégétatives chez le chien : approches physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T022.
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L'obésité s'associe fréquemment à une hypertension artérielle (HTA), à une insulinorésistance et à une hyperlipidémie. Les mécanismes physiopathologiques concourant à la morbidité de cette association restent mal compris. En utilisant un modèle d'obésité nutritionnelle développé chez le chien, nous avons étudié les conséquences de l'obésité sur les fonctions cardiovasculaires et neurovégétatives. Lors de l'installation de l'obésité et de I'HTA, nous observons une hyperadradrénergie transitoire ainsi qu'une diminution durable de la variabilité haute fréquence de la fréquence cardiaque reflétant la modulation vagale du rythme cardiaque. Nous montrons que la phase d'état du triptyque morbide, obésité-HTA-insulino-résistance, s'accompagne d'anomalies des réceptivités13- et a2-adrénergiques cardio-vasculaires pouvant résulter de cette hyperadrénergie. Parallèlement, nous avons montré que la réponse pressive à une activation cholinergique centrale, attribuée aux récepteurs muscariniques M1, s'avère amoindrie mais plus durable chez les chiens obèses-hypertendus. Ces observations soulignent l'existence d'altérations fonctionnelles du système nerveux autonome qui peuvent participer à la mise en place et/ou au. Maintien de I'HTA secondaire à l 'obésité. De plus nous montrons que les altérations de la variabilité à court et long terme de la fréquence cardiaque observées dans ce modèle s'expliquent en partie par des modifications de la réceptivité muscarinique cardiaque. Ainsi, nous avons attribué l'atténuation de la réponse chronotrope à la méthylscopolamine, à un effondrement du nombre et de l'affinité des récepteurs muscariniques auriculaires chez les chiens obèses hypertendus. L'étude de la transduction du signal muscarinique cardiaque révèle que les protéines Gi et l'adénylyl cyclase ne sont pas modifiées (ni dans leur expression, ni dans leur fonctionnalité propre). Par contre dans l'oreillette droite, nous montrons une modification de la voie de transduction NO-dépendante (surexpression de la nitric oxide synthase endothéliale (eNOS)) qui concourt à son hyperfonctionnalité. Cette surexpression de la eNOS ne concerne ni l'aorte, ni le ventricule gauche. Cette spécificité tissulaire illustre l'existence de particularités physiopathologiques de I'HTA associée à l'obésité<br>Obesity is often associated with hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and arterial hypertension (AH). Pathophysiological mechanisms participating to the morbidity of this syndrome remain to elucidate. Using an experimental model of nutritionnal obesity induced by an high-fat-diet (HFD) in dog we investigated the consequences reflects vagal modulation of heart rate. At steady state of this syndrome there are changes in cardio-vascular 13- and a2-adrenergic responsiveness. Pressor response related to central muscarinic M1 receptor is lower but of longer duration in obese-AH dogs than in controls. These observations underline the existence of dysfunctions in autonomie nervous system activity which could participate in the genesis and /or the maintenance of obesity-related AH. Moreover the changes in short- and long-term variabilities of heart rate observed in this mode! can be explained by cardiac muscari nic receptivity modifications. The attenuation of chronotropic response to methylscopolamine is associated with a decrease in both number and affinity of M2-cholinoceptors in right atria membranes. The study of cardiac muscarinic pathway shown that adenylyl cyclase activity and Gi protein expression remained unchanged after HFD. By contrast, expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cGMP basal levels were increased in right atria from obese dogs but was not found on left ventricule or on aorta preparation. Taking as the whole our results participated to the characterization of autonomie nervous system and cardiovascular abnormalities in AH associated to obesity
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Récalde, Alice. "Régulateurs de l'homéostasie des cellules médullaires et revascularisation post-ischémique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077035.
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Ischémique. Leur mobilisation ainsi que leur recrutement dans le tissu ischémique constituent des étapes importantes de ce processus angiogénique. La dopamine (DA) et la norépinephrine (NE), catécholamines du système nerveux sympathique (SNS), contrôlent la mobilisation des cellules de la MO. Nous avons ainsi montré que le SNS est activé par l'ischémie et induit la mobilisation des cellules de la MO via l'activation de la eNOS. La DA et la NE augmentent le recrutement dans le tissu ischémique et la différenciation des cellules de la MO en cellules à phénotype inflammatoire et endothéliale, et activent la revascularisation post-ischémique. Le recrutement des cellules de la MO est dépendant, de l'effet chimioattractant de la protéine CXCL-12 dont l'isoforme γ présente une meilleure capacité d'accrochage aux heparan-sulfates (HS) de la matrice extracellulaire que les isoformes α et ß. Nous avons ainsi montré que l' isoforme γ est l'isoforme qui induit la plus efficacement le recrutement des cellules de la MO, que sa surexpression dans le tissu ischémique active plus efficacement la revascularisation post-ischémique et que son activité reste dépendante de l'expression de ses domaines d'accrochage aux HS. Ce processus de revascularisation est dépendant de la eNOS et est altéré dans un contexte diabétique. Nous avons alors analysé les effets d'une thérapie cellulaire basée sur la surexpression de la eNOS dans les cellules de MO chez les souris diabétiques. Ce type de thérapie restaure efficacement la revascularisation post-ischémique dans un contexte diabétique<br>Bone Marrow cells (BMC) play a crucial role in post-ischemic revascularization. Their mobilization and recruitment to ischemic tissue are important steps in this angiogenic proces. Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrin (NE), catechilamines of the sympathetic nervous System (SNS) have been shown to control BMC egress. We showed that SNS is activated by ischemia and promote BMC egress through eNOS activation. DA and NE increase BMC recruitment and differentiation into ischemic muscle in cells with endothelial and inflammatory phenotype and then activate post-ischemic revascularisation. BMC recruitment to ischemic tissue depend on the chimioattractiv effect of CXC-12 protein whose γ isoform had better capacity to bind heparan-sulfates (HS) of the extracellular matrix than α and ß isoforms. We showed that γ is the isoform that induce the best BMC recruitment and that its up regulation in ischemic tissue activate post-ischemic revascularisation with the best efficiency. However, its activity depends on HS bonding domain expression. This process of revascularization depend on eNOS which is affected during diabetes. We then analyzed the effect of cellular therapy based on eNOS up regulation in BMC in diabetic mice. This kind of therapy restore post-ischemic revascularization during diabetes
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Gaskin, F. Spencer. "Mechanisms of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-induced preconditioning in ischemia/reperfusion." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4805.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "August 2007" Includes bibliographical references.
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Rivas, Gutiérrez José Carlos. "Avaliação da citotoxicidade de materiais obturadores de canais radiculares : influência na liberação de fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interferon-y e óxido nítrico em cultura de células murinas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104189.
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Orientador: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos<br>Banca: Idomeo Bonetti Filho<br>Banca: Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert<br>Banca: Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes<br>Banca: Abílio Albuquerque Maranhão de Moura<br>Resumo: Os macrófagos constituem uma população celular do sistema imune. Estas células podem ser ativadas por uma variedade de estímulos e suas principais funções incluem a fagocitose de partículas estranhas, apresentação de antígenos, produção de citocinas e compostos intermediários do nitrogênio (NO) e do oxigênio (H202). Os cimentos endodônticos são capazes de promover uma estimulação do sistema imune. Neste estudo, foram analisados os níveis de quantificação das citocinas, além do mediador óxido nítrico, como uma medida de estimulação de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos. Através de análise estatística dos dados, foram observados os níveis de citotoxicidade dos macrófagos de camundongos estimulados pelos diferentes cimentos endodônticos, meio RPMI-1640 (grupo controle -) e LPS (grupo controle +). Os diferentes cimentos testados apresentaram concentrações com diferentes citotoxicidades: Sealapex 35ug/ml, Polímero de Mamona 8,75 ug/ml, do Epiphany 17,5 ug/ml, do Epiphany + Primer 17,5 ug/ml, do Primer 35 ug/ml, do EndoRez 17,5 ug/ml e do AH Plus 70 ug/ml. Após a adequação das concentrações viáveis dos cimentos testados conclui-se que o material que mais estimulou a liberação de NO foi Primer, seguido do Endorez, AH Plus, Ephiphany, Sealapex, Epiphany + Primer. O Polímero de Mamona foi o que estimulou a uma menor produção de NO. Em relação à produção de TNF-alfa o material que estimulou maior produção foi o Primer, seguido de Epiphany, AH Plus, Epiphany + Primer, Sealapex e Polímero de Mamona. O EndoRez não foi capaz de estimular a produção de TNF-alfa. Nenhum dos cimentos testados induziu à liberação de IFN-y, sugerindo que outro mediadores tais como IL-1 e IL-12 possam estar envolvidos na liberação de NO observada no presente estudo.<br>Abstract: It was evaluated the citotoxicity of the sealers, Sealapex, Polímero de Mamona, Epiphany, EndoRez and AH Plus in relation to the release of Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor-Alpha and Interferon Gamma in murine cells culture. After the ideal concentration was found, according to MTT test, it was conduded that the sealers with higher release were Polímero de Mamona, EndoRez, Epiphany + Primer, Epiphany, Primer do Epiphany = Sealapex and AH Plus. All sealers reached lower levels of citotoxicity than control.<br>Doutor
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Börjesson, Andreas. "Investigations of Strategies to Counteract Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9306.
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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeted against the pancreatic β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines are considered to play a major role in the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. This thesis studied strategies to counteract proinflammatory cytokines in experimental T1D. Both animal models for T1D as well as β-cell preparations exposed in vitro to putative noxious conditions were examined. In the first study we observed that cytokine treatment of mouse pancreatic islets lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced a prolongation of the early stimulatory phase of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Various experiments led to the conclusion that this prolonged stimulatory effect may involve the DAG/PLD/PKC pathway. Next, we transplanted mouse islets deficient in iNOS to spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. We observed a normalization of hyperglycemia but not a delayed allograft rejection compared to transplanted wild type islets. Thus, absence of iNOS in the graft was not sufficient to prolong allograft survival. In paper III we found that sustained glucose stimulation of rat pancreatic islets was coupled to a decreased conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Islet treatment with IL-1β was also coupled to a decreased proinsulin conversion. Islet proconvertase activity may be a target in islet damage. In paper IV prolactin (PRL) was administered to mice in the multiple low dose streptozotocin model and we observed that PRL enhanced a Th2 response. This may contribute to the protective action by PRL in this model of autoimmune T1D. Finally, by examining β-cells overexpressing Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS-3) it was found that this could inhibit IL-1β induced signalling through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. SOCS-3 overexpression also inhibited apoptosis induced by cytokines in primary β-cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that SOCS-3 transgenic islets were protected in an allogeneic transplantation model.
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Lamrani, Myriam. "Etude de l'effet antitumoral de l'activation de la NO-synthase inductible dans un modèle de cancer du sein : analyse des mécanismes moléculaires." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS091/document.
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L’effet anti-tumoral d'un lipide A, l’OM-174 (partie lipidique des lipopolysaccharides) a été étudié dans un modèle de cancer mammaire chez la souris. In vivo, l’OM-174 augmente la survie de la souris alors qu’in vitro il n'est pas toxique pour les cellules cancéreuses. L’OM-174 se lie au récepteur TLR4 des cellules immunitaires induisant la production de cytokines comme l’IFNγ. In vitro, l’association de cette cytokine au lipide A est cytotoxique. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’en analyser les mécanismes moléculaires. Nous avons montré, aussi bien in vitro qu’in vivo, que la cytotoxicité du lipide A/IFNγ est dépendante du TLR4, du récepteur à l’IFNγ et de l’expression de la NOS II. Nous avons également montré que les espèces radicalaires, NO et anion superoxyde formant le peroxynitrite jouent un rôle crucial dans cette cytotoxicité. L’origine de ces espèces radicalaires se trouve être la NOS II selon un processus de découplage enzymatique. Nous avons également cherché d’autres mécanismes associés pouvant expliquer la cytotoxicité du lipide A/IFNγ. Nous avons ensuite montré que le NO est capable de réagir avec les résidus cystéine de certaines protéines, un processus appelé S-nitrosylation. Une analyse protéomique nous a permis d’identifier au moins une dizaine de protéines qui sont S-nitrosylées dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires en réponse au lipide A/IFNγ. Nous avons étudié l’impact de cette modification sur la fonction d’une des ces protéines, l’enzyme de conjugaison E2 de l’ubiquitine Ubc13, une protéine impliquée dans la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Nous avons confirmé la nitrosylation d’Ubc13 et identifié la cystéine 87 comme cible du NO. L’expression d’une forme mutée d’Ubc13 (remplacement de la cystéine 87 par une alanine) inhibe l’auto-ubiquitination de l’enzyme et sa capacité à ubiquitiner une de ses cibles IkBα. Nous avons montré que la S-nitrosylation d’Ubc13 induit sa migration vers le noyau et rend les cellules plus sensibles à l’effet cytotoxique du lipide A/IFNγ. En résumé, nos résultats révèlent un rôle majeur et insoupçonné de la NOS II et du NO dans l’effet antitumoral du lipide A OM-174 dans un modèle de cancer mammaire chez la souris ouvrant la voie pour la conception de nouveaux traitements anticancéreux<br>The anti -tumor effect of a lipid A, OM -174 (lipid portion of LPS) was studied in a model of breast cancer in mice. In vivo, OM- 174 increases the survival of mice whereas in vitro it is not toxic to cancer cells. OM -174 binds to TLR4 immune cells inducing the production of cytokines such as IFNγ. In vitro, the combination of IFNγ to lipid A is cytotoxic. The objective of this thesis is to analyze those molecular mechanisms. We have shown both in vitro and in vivo that the cytotoxicity of the lipid A / IFNγ is dependent of TLR4 and of the receptor for IFNγ, and the NOS II expression. We also showed that the radical species, NO and superoxide anion forming peroxynitrite play a crucial role in this cytotoxicity. The origin of these radical species is being NOS II enzyme in a process of decoupling. We also looked for other associated mechanisms that may explain the cytotoxicity of lipid A / IFNγ. We then showed that NO is able to react with the cysteine residues of certain proteins, a process called S- nitrosylation. A proteomic analysis allowed us to identify at least a dozen proteins that are S- nitrosylated in breast cancer cells in response to lipid A / IFNγ. We studied the impact of this change on the basis of one of these proteins, the E2 conjugating enzyme UBC13 ubiquitin, a protein involved in cell proliferation and survival. We confirmed the UBC13 nitrosylation on cysteine 87 and identified as a target of NO. The expression of a mutant of UBC13 (replacement of cysteine 87 with alanine) forms inhibits the auto-ubiquitination of the enzyme and its ability to ubiquitinylated one of its targets IkBα. We have shown that S- nitrosylation of UBC13 induced its translocation to the nucleus and greater sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of lipid A / IFNγ in cells. In summary, our results reveal an important and unexpected role of NOS II and NO in the antitumor effect of lipid A OM- 174 in a model of breast cancer in mice opening the way for the development of new cancer treatments
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Silva, Aleksandra Alves. "Efeito de inibidores farmacologicos da iNOS na sensibilidade e sinalização de insulina em animais obesos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311208.
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Orientador: Mario Jose Abdalla Saad<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T18:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: As óxido nítrico sintases (NOS) são divididas em dois grandes grupos de enzimas, NOS induzível (iNOS) e NOS constitutivas (cNOS). Embora o óxido nítrico (NO) seja um importante mediador de defesa do organismo, a produção excessiva de NO está envolvida na patogênese de muitas doenças inflamatórias e metabólicas. Alguns estudos demonstram que o óxido nítrico exógeno e o NO produzido pela iNOS pode induzir resistência à insulina em músculo e desempenha um papel importante na hiperglicemia de jejum. Este estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar e investigar o efeito de um potente e seletivo inibidor de atividade da iNOS, o Iodato de S-Metilisotiouréia (I-SMT) 5 mg/kg por dia, na hiperglicemia de jejum e na resistência à insulina em um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Foram observados os parâmetros metabólicos e de sinalização celular da Proteína quinase B/Akt (Akt) e os resultados fornecem evidências de que o grupo tratado com I-SMT foi protegido contra o desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina, e intolerância à glicose induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Portanto, propomos que potentes inibidores farmacológicos, com seletividade significativa pela iNOS podem representar uma nova abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento da resistência à insulina e suas complicações como o diabetes tipo 2.<br>Abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been divided into two major sub-enzymes, inducible NOS (iNOS) and constitutive NOS (cNOS). Although nitric oxide (NO) is an important defense mediator, the excessive production of NO has been involved in the pathology of many inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Some studies demonstrate that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and the NO produced by iNOS can induce insulin resistance in muscle and plays an important role in fasting hyperglycemia. This study investigates the effect of a potent and selective iNOS activity inhibitor, the S-Methylisothiourea Iodide (SMT-I) 5 mg/kg per day, in fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity model. We observed the metabolic parameters and Akt signalization and these findings provide evidence that the SMT-I treated group are protected against the development of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diet-induced obesity. Therefore, we propose that highly selective inhibitors of iNOS activity may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of insulin resistance and its complications as type 2 diabetes.<br>Mestrado<br>Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento<br>Mestre em Fisiopatologia Médica
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Möllsten, Anna. "Factors influencing the risk of diabetic nephropathy : analyses of genes, smoking and diet." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pediatrik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-911.
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Diabetic long-term complications, despite intensive treatment, cause serious handicaps at relatively young age in diabetic patients. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in up to 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Besides the eventual loss of kidney function, with need for dialysis treatment and transplantation, this complication also increases the risk of early death from cardiovascular disease. In addition to hyperglycaemia, the risk of developing DN is influenced by a number of life-style related factors, such as smoking and diet, but the mechanisms of action of these factors are largely unknown. The incidence of DN is not linearly related to diabetes duration. There is a peak incidence of DN at 15-20 years and this, together with results from family studies, shows that genetic factors are important contributors. Possible candidate genes are those involved in regulation of intraglomerular pressure and blood pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation. The main aims of this thesis were: ● To investigate the risk of DN associated with polymorphisms in; A) the endothelial NO-synthase gene (NOS3) and genes in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAAS) (all involved in the regulation of intraglomerular pressure). B) the manganese superoxide dismutase gene (SOD2) (involved in the regulation of oxidative stress). C) the ICAM1 gene (involved in activation and migration of lymphocytes) ● To investigate gene-smoking interactions ● To investigate the influence of normal diet on risk of microalbuminuria. The aims were addressed in different case-control settings, including 347 T1D patients from Sweden and 1163 patients from Finland, with or without DN, defined as; overt DN – having albumin excretion rate (AER) ≥200 μg/min, incipient DN – AER between 20 and 200 μg/min, non-DN controls – having AER <20 μg/min and at least 20 years of diabetes duration. In one study also non-diabetic healthy individuals were included to asses the risk of T1D associated with the ICAM1 gene. Results: The RAAS genes were investigated in the Swedish sample set and there was an association between a polymorphism in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) gene and overt DN, when adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, sex and smoking (adjusted OR=3.04, 99% CI=1.02-9.06). Also a synergistic interaction with smoking was indicated. The ICAM1 gene was investigated in the Swedish sample set, but no association with DN was found. There were, however, associations between T1D and two polymorphisms in this gene, rs281432 (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.14-2.38) and rs5498 (OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.59-3.80). In the combined Swedish/Finnish sample set, the Glu/Glu genotype of the Glu298Asp polymorphism in the NOS3 gene was associated with DN when age at diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, blood pressure, sex and smoking were taken into account (adjusted OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.12-1.91). There was also association between a polymorphism in the MnSOD gene and DN in this sample set. Homozygosity for the valine-allele of the Val16Ala polymorphism was associated with increased risk of DN in a model including age at diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, sex and smoking (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.00-1.74). Smoking was associated with DN (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.60-2.50) and in the Swedish sample set there were indications of interactions between smoking and the NOS3 and SOD2 genes, but these results could not be confirmed in the Finnish sample set. A high protein intake can enhance glomerular filtration rate and accelerate progression to DN, also other dietary components such as fat, fibres, vitamins and the ratio red/white meat have been discussed as important for DN development. In a nested case-control study including young T1D patients, the normal dietary intakes of protein and other nutrients were assessed using a semiquantitative questionnaire. The results showed that T1D patients consuming more than 6.5 g fish protein (>75th percentile) per day were at slightly lower risk to have microalbuminuria in both crude (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.25-0.97) and adjusted analyses (OR=0.26, 95% CI=0.09-0.76, adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, sex, HbA1c, mean arterial pressure, BMI, region, smoking, energy intake and fish fat intake). Conclusions: The risk of having diabetic nephropathy is influenced by at least two genes controlling blood pressure and one gene protecting against oxidative stress. Smoking also increases the risk of DN and our findings indicate that smoking may accentuate the effect of the AGTR1, NOS3 and SOD2 genes. Normal dietary intake of protein was not associated with risk of having microalbuminuria in young T1D patients, on the other hand, an intake of fish protein above the 75th percentile decreased the risk of microalbuminuria.
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Chanrion, Benjamin. "Modulation fonctionnelle de deux cibles des antidépresseurs, le transporteur de la sérotonine et le récepteur 5-HT2c : rôles respectifs de la NO-synthase neuronale et des agonistes inverses." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T012.
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Cette thèse, focalisée sur deux cibles sérotinergiques majeures des antidépresseurs, le récepteur 5-HT2c et le transporteur de la sérotonine (SERT), a eu un double objectif : 1) mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'action de différentes classes d'antidépresseurs sur le récepteur 5-HT2c ; 2) identifier de nouveaux partenaires protéiques du SERT grâce à une approche protéomique et caractériser leur rôle sur l'activité du transporteur. J'ai démontré que si de nombreux antidépresseurs, incluant des tricycliques, les dérivés du mCPP et les inhibiteurs spécifiques de la recapture de la sérotonine sont des antagonistes neutres du récepteur 5-HT2c, les tétracycliques, comme la miansérine et la mirtazapine, ont une activité agoniste inverse vis-à-vis des récepteurs 5-HT2c constitutivement actifs. De plus, un traitement chronique aux agonistes inverses, mais pas aux antagonistes neutres, induit une redistribution des récepteurs 5-HT2c vers la membrane plasmique, qui s'accompagne d'une augmentation de leur activité fonctionnelle. Grâce à une approche protéomique, j'ai identifié de nouveaux partenaires du domaine C-terminal du SERT. Ceux-ci incluent la NO-synthase neuronale (nNOS). J'ai démontré que l'interaction physique entre le SERT et la nNOS était à l'origine d'une régulation réciproque de leur activité fonctionnelle : elle inhibe le trafic du SERT vers la membrane plasmique et la recapture de sérotonine ; elle permet l'activation de la nNOS associée au SERT lors de la recapture de sérotonine, révélant un des premiers mécanismes de signalisation impliquant non pas un récepteur, mais un transporteur.
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Zambon, Renata Alvares Bagarolli 1984. "Investigação de polimorfismos em genes do sistema imune inato em uma população com diabetes tipo 2." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311210.
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Orientador: Mario Jose Abdalla Saad<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Atualmente, o DM2 constitui-se como um grande problema de saúde pública mundial devido à sua elevada prevalência, morbimortalidade, além do impacto que apresenta nos custos públicos com a saúde. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta doença têm se tornado cada vez mais evidentes, estando relacionados com o envolvimento exclusivo de células, receptores e mediadores do sistema imune inato. Dentre estes compostos destacam-se o TLR4, um receptor de antígenos deste sistema, responsável por ativar a transcrição de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, e a iNOS, uma enzima cálcio independente, que produz elevadas concentrações de NO. Ambas as proteínas estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina. Por esta razão, este presente trabalho investigou se 2 polimorfismos no promotor do gene da iNOS (NOS2) (deleção / inserção AAAT e (CCTTT)n) e 2 polimorfismos na seqüência codificadora do gene do TLR4 (TLR4) (Asp299Gly e Thr399Ile), tanto isolados como em conjunto, possuíam alguma associação com a susceptibilidade de desenvolvimento DM2. Além disso, também foi avaliado se os polimorfismos estavam associados com fatores de risco para a resistência à insulina e características clínicas do DM2. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 411 indivíduos, sendo 211 portadores de DM2 e 200 controles (doadores de sangue) saudáveis acima de 50 anos, de ambos os sexos. A glicemia de jejum foi determinada e o DNA de cada sujeito foi extraído para posterior amplificações dos 4 fragmentos desejados por PCR. Para a determinação dos genótipos, os 2 polimorfismos da iNOS - AAAT e (CCTTT)n - foram submetidos à eletroforese em seqüenciador automático e os 2 polimorfismos do TLR4 - Asp299Gly e Thr299Ile - foram submetidos a reação de digestão utilizando-se enzima de restrição. Além das análises estatísticas convencionais, os resultados foram avaliados pelo método MDR (multifactor-dimensionality reduction), que visa verificar interações entre polimorfismos. As freqüências genotípicas para os polimorfismos, considerando ambos os grupos, estão em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Para o polimorfismo de deleção / inserção AAAT nós encontramos que a presença da inserção resultou em um aumento de risco para a doença. A inserção também se associou com a história familiar de diabetes em homens diabéticos e fatores de risco para a resistência à insulina. Para o polimorfismo (CCTTT)n notamos que os genótipos que continham apenas as repetições longas (12-16 repetições) do microssatélite estavam associados com uma chance aumentada de desenvolver DM2, além destas mesmas repetições estarem relacionadas com colesterol total e nefropatia diabética. As freqüências dos polimorfismos Asp299Gly e Thr399Ile do TLR4 também foram avaliadas. Para ambas as mutações, os alelos menos prevalentes foram significativamente maior nos controles, mostrando um papel protetor para os alelos que codificam os aminoácidos 299Gly e 399Ile, respectivamente. Pelo método MDR também foi observado que existe uma forte interação entre os quatro polimorfismos estudados e que a combinação dos genótipos D/I do polimorfismo de deleção / inserção AAAT no gene NOS2, C/L (formas curtas / formas longas) do polimorfismo (CCTTT)n no gene NOS2 e Asp/Asp ou Thr/Thr dos polimorfismos Asp299Gly ou Thr299Ile, respectivamente, no gene TLR4 apresenta alto risco para o desenvolvimento do DM2. Sendo assim, as variações genéticas no promotor do gene NOS2 e na seqüência codificadora do TLR4, consideradas tanto isoladas como em conjunto, podem levar a efeitos deletérios ou protetores, respectivamente, que são oriundos de funções alteradas do sistema imune inato em pacientes com DM2.<br>Abstract: Background: The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are proteins from the innate immune system that, when activated, can induce insulin resistance. Polymorphisms in these genes could affect the immune response, as well as the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: The aims of the present study were: to investigate the contribution, isolated or together, of four polymorphisms (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile from TLR4; deletion / insertion AAAT and (CCTTT)n from NOS2) to susceptibility to T2DM in a southeast Brazilian population; and to verify if these polymorphisms are associated with risk factors for insulin resistance syndrome and clinical characteristics for T2DM. Design: A total of 211 patients with T2DM and 200 unrelated controls were genotyped for the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene and for the deletion / insertion AAAT and (CCTTT)n polymorphisms of the NOS2 promoter gene. Besides the conventional statistics analysis, the data was also analyzed for gene-to-gene interactions among the four polymorphic loci using the multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Results: With regard to the NOS2 promoter region, the data showed that the I allele of the deletion / insertion AAAT polymorphism was more prevalent in the T2DM group and also was related with some risk factors for insulin resistance syndrome (body mass index, waist circumference). Similarly, the L/L genotype of (CCTTT)n polymorphism were more frequent in the T2DM group and the L allele was associated with total cholesterol and diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, the 299Gly allele and the 399Ile allele from the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile TLR4 gene polymorphisms, respectively, were associated with protection of T2DM. The MDR analysis showed a significant gene-to-gene interaction between the four polymorphisms studied. Moreover, the combination of the NOS2 deletion / insertion AAAT heterozygote, the NOS2 (CCTTT)n (stratified in short and long forms) heterozygote and the TLR4 Asp299Gly Asp/Asp or Thr399Ile Thr/Thr, homozygotes was associated with a increased risk of T2DM. Conclusions: Genetic variations in the NOS2 gene promoter and TLR4 coding sequence, when analyzed together or isolated, may lead to deleterious and protective effects, respectively, arising from altered function of the innate immune system in patients with T2DM.<br>Mestrado<br>Medicina Experimental<br>Mestre em Fisiopatologia Médica
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Rivas, Gutiérrez José Carlos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da citotoxicidade de materiais obturadores de canais radiculares: influência na liberação de fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interferon-y e óxido nítrico em cultura de células murinas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104189.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2006-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
rivasgutierrez_jc_dr_arafo.pdf: 816322 bytes, checksum: ec255883d6c0c6ef8ebbe4d64cd79b98 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>Os macrófagos constituem uma população celular do sistema imune. Estas células podem ser ativadas por uma variedade de estímulos e suas principais funções incluem a fagocitose de partículas estranhas, apresentação de antígenos, produção de citocinas e compostos intermediários do nitrogênio (NO) e do oxigênio (H202). Os cimentos endodônticos são capazes de promover uma estimulação do sistema imune. Neste estudo, foram analisados os níveis de quantificação das citocinas, além do mediador óxido nítrico, como uma medida de estimulação de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos. Através de análise estatística dos dados, foram observados os níveis de citotoxicidade dos macrófagos de camundongos estimulados pelos diferentes cimentos endodônticos, meio RPMI-1640 (grupo controle -) e LPS (grupo controle +). Os diferentes cimentos testados apresentaram concentrações com diferentes citotoxicidades: Sealapex 35ug/ml, Polímero de Mamona 8,75 ug/ml, do Epiphany 17,5 ug/ml, do Epiphany + Primer 17,5 ug/ml, do Primer 35 ug/ml, do EndoRez 17,5 ug/ml e do AH Plus 70 ug/ml. Após a adequação das concentrações viáveis dos cimentos testados conclui-se que o material que mais estimulou a liberação de NO foi Primer, seguido do Endorez, AH Plus, Ephiphany, Sealapex, Epiphany + Primer. O Polímero de Mamona foi o que estimulou a uma menor produção de NO. Em relação à produção de TNF-alfa o material que estimulou maior produção foi o Primer, seguido de Epiphany, AH Plus, Epiphany + Primer, Sealapex e Polímero de Mamona. O EndoRez não foi capaz de estimular a produção de TNF-alfa. Nenhum dos cimentos testados induziu à liberação de IFN-y, sugerindo que outro mediadores tais como IL-1 e IL-12 possam estar envolvidos na liberação de NO observada no presente estudo.<br>It was evaluated the citotoxicity of the sealers, Sealapex, Polímero de Mamona, Epiphany, EndoRez and AH Plus in relation to the release of Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor-Alpha and Interferon Gamma in murine cells culture. After the ideal concentration was found, according to MTT test, it was conduded that the sealers with higher release were Polímero de Mamona, EndoRez, Epiphany + Primer, Epiphany, Primer do Epiphany = Sealapex and AH Plus. All sealers reached lower levels of citotoxicity than control.
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Soares, Edilene Siqueira 1989. "Envolvimento das cavéolas na permeabilidade da barreira hematoencefálica após envenenamento por Phoneutria nigriventer em ratos = Involvement of the caveolae in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier after envenoming by Phoneutria nigriventer in rats." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317752.
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Orientador: Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:36:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho investigamos a permeabilização da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) pela peçonha da aranha Phoneutria nigriventer (PNV) através da via transcelular no cerebelo de ratos. As cavéolas foram analisadas nas células endoteliais pela expressão de proteínas associadas à sua formação (caveolina-1, Cav-1 e dinamina-2, Din2) e internalização (caveolina-1 fosforilada, pCav-1 e quinase da família Src, SKF), e nos astrócitos com avaliação da caveolina-3 (Cav-3) e da conexina-43 (Cx43) (formadora de junções comunicantes). A ação do PNV sobre o endotélio também foi avaliada pela ativação (acoplamento) ou inativação (desacoplamento) da enzima eNOS, produtora de óxido nítrico (NO). As estruturas que compõe a BHE foram avaliadas através de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Inicialmente, o estudo de Cav-1 contemplou sua localização, expressão gênica e proteica após o envenenamento em diferentes idades, ratos neonatos eram mais suceptíveis ao envenenamento do que ratos adultos. Após PNV, a imunomarcação para Cav-1 foi mais evidente na camada granular e molecular e em neurônios de Purkinje. A expressão Cav-1 e Din2 (foramdoras das vesículas e seu gargalo, respectivamente) aumentou em períodos de envenenamento agudo (1 h), de recuperação (5 h) e na ausência de sinais clínicos (24 h); em contrapartida SKF e pCav-1 envolvidas na internalização caveolar foram superexpressas em períodos opostos (às 2 h e 72 h). O PNV induziu aumento da metaloproteinase-9 da matriz (MMP9), importante mediadora de quebra da BHE e aumentou a formação e o tráfego de vesículas no endótelio após envenenamento. A análise de eNOS revelou desacoplamento (aumento de monômeros) nos períodos de envenenamento agudo (1-2 h) com progressivo retorno e super-expressão de dímeros (re-acoplamento) às 72 h; essas alterações foram relacionadas à ação do PNV sobre os níveis intracelulares de cálcio investigado pelo aumento na expressão de calmodulina e confimado pela localização de calbindina-D28. Os dados revelam a interferência do PNV sobre a homeostase endotelial e função vascular ao afetar o sistema eNOS/NO, importante controlador do tônus vascular. Nos astrócitos, as cavéolas são formadas por Cav-3 e sua superexpressão é associada a doenças neurológicas. O PNV aumentou significativamente os níveis basais de Cav-3 em astrócitos GFAP positivos (astrogliose reativa) em períodos de aumento de Cx43 (às 1, 5 e 24 h), e na vigência de edema citotóxico nos pés astrocitários e alterações nos contatos sinápticos axo-dendríticos e axo-somáticos. Em conjunto os resultados revelam que: (a) a quebra da via transcelular da BHE pelo PNV tem aumento da endocitose via cavéolas; (b) componentes da unidade neurovascular, como endotélio, astrócitos e neurônios estão intimamente envolvidos; (c) no endotélio, os efeitos são mediados pelo sistema eNOS/NO; (d) a SKF ativa o sistema endocítico e de transporte vesicular; (e) nos astrócitos, a dinamica expressão de Cx43 e Cav-3 e o retorno aos níveis basais em paralelo com a ausência de sinais de intoxicação nos animais (72 h) dá evidências de que ambas as proteínas interagem na resposta astrocitária. Os dados permitem sugerir que a presença de peptídeos neurotóxicos no veneno de Phoneutria nigriventer estão no centro dos efeitos aqui relatados<br>Abstract: In this work, we investigated the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeabilization induced by Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) in the transcellular route of rats¿ cerebellum. Caveolae was analyzed in endothelial cells accessing the expression of proteins involved in caveolae formation (caveolin-1, Cav-1 and dynamin-2, Dyn2) and internalization (phosphorylated Caveolin-1, pCav-1 and Src kinase family, SKF), in astrocytes caveolae role were evaluated with caveolin-3 (Cav-3) and connexin-43 (Cx43) (gap-junction main protein). PNV action on the endothelium was also investigated through activation (coupling) or inactivation (uncoupling) of eNOS enzyme, responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production. BBB components were evaluated using transmission electron microcopy. Initially, Cav-1 study addressed its localization along with Cav-1 protein and gene expression after envenoming in different age animals, neonate rats were more susceptible to envenoming than adult rats. After PNV, Cav-1 labeling was intense in granular and molecular layers and in Purkinje neurons. Cav-1 and Dyn2 (responsible for caveolae vesicles formation and scission, respectively) expression increased in periods of acute envenomation (1 h), recovery (5 h) and in the absence of clinical signals (24 h); in opposition SKF and pCav-1 involved in caveolae internalization were overexpress in opposite periods (at 2 h and 72 h). PNV induced increases in matrix metaloproteinases-9 (MMP9) an important BBB breakdown mediator, and increases in vesicles formation and traffic in the endothelium after envenoming. The study of eNOS activity revealed uncoupling (increasing in eNOS monomers) in acute periods after envenomation (1 h and 2 h) and progressive return followed by overexpression of dimers (re-coupling) at 72 h; those alterations were related to PNV action on calcium intracellular levels confirmed by Calmodulin increased expression and confirmed using Calbindin-D28 localization. Data revealed PNV interference on endothelial homeostasis and vascular function once affects the eNOS/NO system, an important vascular tonus controller. In astrocytes, caveolae are formed by Cav-3 and its overexpression is related to neurological disorders. PNV increased the basal levels of Cav-3 in GFAP-positive astrocytes (reactive astrogliosis) in the same periods as increased Cx43 (at 1, 5 e 24 h), during cytotoxic edema in astrocytes end-feet and alterations in axo-dendrites and axo-somatic synaptic contacts. Together, the results revealed that: (a) the BBB breakdown in transcellular route by PNV involves upregulation of caveolae endocytosis (b) the neurovascular unit components such as the endothelium, astrocytes and neurons are intimal involved (c) in the endothelium the effects are mediated by the eNOS/NO system and (d) SKF activates endocytic system and vesicular transport; (e) in the astrocytes, Cx43 and Cav-3 dynamic expression and their return to basal level in parallel with the absence of toxic signals in the animals (72 h) provides evidence that both protein interacts in astrocytes response. The data allows us to suggest that the neurotoxic peptides presented in Phoneutria nigriventer venom are in the center of the effects reported here<br>Mestrado<br>Biologia Tecidual<br>Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Zago, Vanessa Helena de Souza 1984. "Efeitos do polimorfismo T-786C do gene da óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS) e/ou da atorvastatina sobre parâmetros do metabolismo lipídico em adultos assintmáticos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309030.
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Orientadores: Eliana Cotta de Faria, José Eduardo Tanus dos Santos<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T16:38:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: O óxido nítrico (NO) é produzido no endotélio vascular pela óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS), enzima regulada negativamente pela presença do polimorfismo T- 786C, levando à disfunção endotelial. A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) têm funções anti-aterogênicas bem estabelecidas, incluindo mecanismos que aumentam a atividade da eNOS. As estatinas são fármacos que possuem, dentre seus efeitos pleiotrópicos, a melhora na função do endotélio e na composição da HDL. Dada a importância tanto da expressão quanto da atividade da eNOS para a função endotelial, bem como dos efeitos pleiotrópicos das estatinas sobre estas duas variáveis, avaliamos os parâmetros bioquímicos e a composição das sub-frações de HDL (HDL2 e HDL3) após uso de placebo e atorvastatina em uma amostra populacional de 30 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos: 15 indivíduos portadores do polimorfismo T-786C do gene da eNOS (CC) e 15 não portadores (TT). Duzentos indivíduos foram genotipados, e pareamos conforme idade e IMC 15 indivíduos TT e 15 indivíduos CC, que receberam placebo e/ou atorvastatina na dose de 10mg/dia, por 14 dias. Os parâmetros séricos analisados foram determinados através de métodos bioquímicos enzimáticos, radiométricos, nefelométricos e microultracentrifugação. Mediu-se lípides, lipoproteínas, composição das sub-frações da HDL (HDL2 e HDL3), apolipoproteínas, atividade da proteína de transferência de colesteril éster, metabólitos do NO e proteína C reativa. Após o uso da estatina, como esperado, drásticos efeitos redutores foram observados tanto nos lípides, lipoproteínas, apolipoproteínas e de forma independente do polimorfismo, além da redução de ácidos graxos livres nos portadores do genótipo CC. Nas sub-frações a relação lípides/proteínas foi reduzida tanto em HDL2 quanto em HDL3.O aumento da atividade da CETP nos portadores foi corrigido pela estatina e os níveis de ácidos graxos livres reduziram-se de maneira polimorfismo-dependente, em oposição à redução observada do nitrito, que foi polimorfismo-independente. usPCR e Lp(a) não se modificaram. A atorvastatina pode ter atuado sobre o transporte reverso de
colesterol através da redução da atividade da lipase hepática e aumento de atividade da PLTP. Foram observadas interações genótipo/tratamento limítrofes para CETP e Lp(a). Estes resultados sugerem que o tratamento com estatinas pode ser relevante na prevenção primária da aterosclerose em portadores do polimorfismo, independentemente de modificações lipídicas séricas. Portanto estes indivíduos se beneficiariam com o uso de estatinas através da modulação da atividade da CETP e redução da concentração de ácidos graxos livres.<br>Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the vascular endothelium by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme negatively regulated by the presence of the T-786C polymorphism, leading to endothelial dysfunction. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have well-established anti-atherogenic functions, for example mechanisms that enhance eNOS activity. Statins are drugs that have pleiotropic effects, such as the improvement in endothelial function and beneficial composition of HDL. Taking into account both the activity of eNOS on endothelial function, and the validity of the pleiotropic effects of statins, we evaluated the biochemical parameters and the composition of subfractions of HDL (HDL2 and HDL3) after use of placebo and atorvastatin at a dose of 10mg/day for 14 days, in a population sample of 30 individuals divided into two genotype groups of the T-786C polymorphism of the eNOS gene: CC (carriers) or TT (non-carriers). Two hundred individuals were genotyped, and the selected groups paired by age and BMI. The serum parameters analyzed were determined using biochemical enzymatic, radiometric, nephelometric and microultracentrifugation methods. We measured lipids, lipoproteins, the composition of sub-fractions of HDL (HDL2 and HDL3), apolipoproteins, activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, NO metabolites and hsCRP. After statin, as expected, drastic effects were observed both in lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, independently of the polymorphism. In HDL sub-fractions the ratio lipid/protein was smaller in both HDL2 and HDL3. CETP activity and free fatty acids were reduced in a polymorphism-dependent manner, and the reduction of nitrite was polymorphism-independent. hsCRP did not change. Atorvastatin may have acted on the reverse cholesterol transport by reducing the activity of hepatic lipase, increased PLTP activity and reducing CETP. There was a genotype/drug interaction effect on CETP and Lp(a). These results suggest that statin treatment may be relevant for primary prevention of atherosclerosis in patients with the polymorphism, irrespective of serum lipid changes. These individuals would benefit from the use of statins because of reduction of CETP activity and free fatty acids.<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Faria, Larissa Oliveira Melloni de 1985. "Participação da sintase neuronal de óxido nítrico (nNOS) na consolidação e reconsolidação da memória do condicionamento clássico aversivo em pombos (Columba livia)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314128.
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Orientador: Elenice Aparecida de Moraes Ferrari<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: O óxido nítrico (NO) é um neurotransmissor não convencional o qual tem papel importante em processos neurobiológicos de comportamento e de memória. Sua síntese é mediada por três isoformas de sintase do óxido nítrico (NOS): a neuronal (nNOS), a endotelial (eNOS) e a induzível (iNOS). Este trabalho investigou os efeitos da administração do 7- nitroindazol (7-NI), inibidor preferencial da nNOS, na consolidação e reconsolidação da memória do condicionamento clássico aversivo. Pombos adultos foram atribuídos a 5 grupos: Foram usados 5 grupos: grupo 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (100nmol/0.5?/l; DMSO (20%), NaOH (50mM) e Tween-80 (16%) diluído em PBS; i.c.v.), grupo veículo (VEIC) (0,5?/l; DMSO (20%), NaOH (50mM) e Tween-80 (16%) diluído em PBS, i.c.v.), grupo condicionado/não tratado (COND), grupo contexto/não-tratado (CONT) e grupo não tratado/não condicionado (NÄIVE). Sete dias após implante de microcânula intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), ocorreu o condicionamento com três associações contextochoque numa sessão de 20 min. O teste e o re-teste consistiram na re-exposição ao contexto do condicionamento por 5 min. O intervalo entre sessões foi de 24h. A administração de 7-NI ou do veículo ocorreu imediatamente após o treino (Experimento 1) ou após o re-teste (Experimento 2). A atividade enzimática da NOS dependente e independente de Ca2+ e da expressão protéica da nNOS foram realizadas no tecido hipocampal. No Experimento 1, a ocorrência de congelamento no teste do 7-NI foi menor do que no treino (p<0.01) e no teste do COND e VEIC (p < 0.001). A atividade da NOS dependente de Ca++ no 7-NI foi menor do que no COND e VEIC (p<0,01), mas não diferiu do CONT e do NÄIVE. A expressão protéica de nNOS não diferiu entre os grupos (p<0,05). No Experimento 2, houve diminuição dos comportamentos defensivos, incluindo o congelamento, no re-teste do 7-NI comparado com VEIC e COND (p<0.05), mas os grupos não diferiram quanto à atividade de NOS dependente de Ca2+ ou à expressão protéica da nNOS. Conclui-se que o 7-NI interferiu na consolidação e a reconsolidação da memória, indicando a ativação da via de sinalização do óxido nítrico no hipocampo em processos da memória de medo condicionado ao contexto em pombos<br>Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is an unconventional neurotransmitter which plays an important role in neurobiological processes of behavior and memory. Its synthesis is mediated by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS): the neuronal (nNOS), the endothelial (eNOS) and the inducible (iNOS). This study investigated the effects of the administration of 7- nitroindazole (7-NI), a preferential nNOS inhibitor, in the consolidation and reconsolidation of aversive classical conditioning memory. Adult male pigeons were assigned to 5 groups: 7-nitroindazole, 7-NI (100nmol/0.5?/l; DMSO (20%), NaOH (50 mM) and Tween-80 (16%) diluted in PBS; i.c.v.) Vehicle group; VEH (0.5 ? / L; DMSO (20%), NaOH (50 mM) and Tween-80 (16%) diluted in PBS; i.c.v.), conditioning/non-treated group (COND), context/non-treated group (CONT) and non-conditioning/non-treated group (NÄIVE). Seven days after implantation of intracerebral ventricular (i.c.v.) microcannula the conditioning occurred with three context-shock associations in a session of 20 min. During the testing and retesting sessions pigeons were reexposed to the conditioning context for 5 min. The between sessions interval was 24h. Administration of 7-NI or vehicle occurred immediately after training (Experiment 1) or after testing (Experiment 2). The enzymatic activity of Ca2+ dependent and independent NOS and protein expression of nNOS in the hippocampus tissue were carried out following the behavioral test or retest. In Experiment 1, the occurrence of freezing in the testing session of 7-NI group was lower than in the training (p <0.01) and the testing sessions of COND and VEH groups (p <0.001). The activity of Ca2+ dependent NOS in the 7-NI group was lower than in COND and VEH groups (p <0.01) but did not differ from CONT and NÄIVE groups. The nNOS protein expression in the hippocampus did not differ among the different groups (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, there was a decrease of defensive behaviors, which include freezing, in the retest of the 7-NI compared with VEH and COND groups (p <0.05), but the groups did not differ in the activity of Ca2+ dependent NOS or the protein expression of nNOS. We conclude that 7-NI interfered on the consolidation and reconsolidation of memory, indicating activation of the nitric oxide signaling pathway in the hippocampus and in memory processes of conditioned fear context in pigeons<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia<br>Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Delli, Virginia. "Exploring the contribution of NO-synthesizing neurons in the set-in motion and the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS085.pdf.
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La voie de signalisation de l'oxyde nitrique (NO) dans les neurones hypothalamiques joue un rôle central dans la régulation de la libération de l'hormone gonadotrope (GnRH). La GnRH, principal régulateur de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-gonadique (HPG), exerce une autorité sur la fertilité et la reproduction. La maturation de l'axe HPG est une phase cruciale dans l'établissement de la fonction reproductive.Nos recherches ont contribué à la caractérisation de la minipuberté, la première activation postnatale de l'axe HPG. Nous avons l'identifié des différences entre les sexes chez les souris, notamment dans le début de la minipuberté, avec l'activité de la nNOS dans la région préoptique jouant un rôle central dans ce processus. L'estrogène contribue significativement à l'activation de l’oxyde nitrique synthase neuronale (nNOS) préoptique, bien qu'il semble impliquer des sources gonadiques chez les femelles mais pas chez les mâles. La spécificité des differences dans l’activité de la nNOS, s'avère essentiel pour l'activation appropriée de l'axe HPG pendant la minipuberté, et son absence entraîne une déficience en GnRH et des comorbidités sensorielles et intellectuelles tout au long de la vie, tant chez l'homme que chez la souris. De manière intrigante, la thérapie de reconstitution en NO pendant la minipuberté sauve avec succès les comorbidités aussi bien reproductives que non reproductives chez les souris déficientes en Nos1.À l'âge adulte, la GnRH présente deux profils distincts de sécrétion qui oscillent sur plusieurs jours, orchestrant le cycle oestral sous forme de pulsations et de poussées. Les mécanismes régissant ces modes toniques et phasiques restent un sujet de débat constant.Nos études revisitent et remettent en question la notion prédominante du kisspeptin en tant que "monarque" absolu, proposant le concept d'un réseau Kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH, ou "KiNG", responsable de la génération de la "pulsation de la GnRH" et de la "poussée de la GnRH". Nous démontrons que la population de nNOS dans le OV/MePO est indispensable pour l'activation de la GnRH induite par le kisspeptin et la sécrétion ultérieure de l’hormone lutéinisante LH, principalement par le biais de la voie Kisspeptin receptor/phospho-nNOS/cGMP. Ainsi, nous apportons des éclairages sur le réseau KiNG, suggérant fortement que l'interaction NO/Kisspeptin est un composant critique pour la régulation précise de la libération de GnRH/LH. La signalisation NO dans la région préoptique ajuste finement l'impact de Kisspeptin sur les neurones de la GnRH<br>The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a pivotal role in regulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH, the primary regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, holds authority over fertility and reproduction. The maturation of the HPG axis is a crucial phase in establishing reproductive function.Our research has contributed in the characterization of the first postnatal activation of the HPG axis, or minipuberty. We identified sex differences in the timing of minipuberty in mice, with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity in the preoptic region playing a pivotal role in this process. Estrogen significantly contributes to the activation of preoptic nNOS, although it appears to involve gonadal sources in females, but not in males. The sex-specific timing of NOS1 activity proves essential for the proper activation of the HPG axis during minipuberty, and its absence leads to GnRH deficiency and lifelong sensory and intellectual comorbidities in both humans and mice. Intriguingly, NO replenishment therapy during minipuberty successfully rescues both reproductive and non-reproductive comorbidities in Nos1-deficient mice.In adulthood, GnRH exhibits two distinct secretion profiles that oscillate over days, orchestrating the estrous cycle in the form of pulses and surges. The mechanisms governing these tonic and phasic modes remain a topic of ongoing debate.Our studies revisited and challenged the prevailing notion of kisspeptin as an absolute "monarch”, proposing the concept of a Kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH, or "KiNG," network responsible for generating the "GnRH pulse" and "GnRH surge." We demonstrate that the nNOS population in the OV/MePO is indispensable for the kisspeptin-induced GnRH activation and subsequent luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, primarily through the Kisspeptin receptor/phospho-nNOS/cGMP pathway. Thus, we provide insights into the KiNG network, strongly suggesting that NO/Kisspeptin interaction is a critical component for precise regulation of GnRH/LH release. NO signaling in the preoptic area fine-tunes Kisspeptin's impact on GnRH neurons
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Bouressam, Marie Lynda. "Importance de la S-nitrosation des récepteurs cérébrovasculaires de l’angiotensine II." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0067/document.
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Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux sont la deuxième cause de mortalité dans le monde, le développement de nouvelles thérapeutiques est donc urgent. Deux acteurs jouent un rôle majeur dans la régulation de la circulation cérébrale : le monoxyde d’azote (NO) et le système rénine angiotensine (SRA). Le chapitre 1 de ce manuscrit s’intéresse tout d’abord au NO, son rôle physiologique et ses voies de signalisation. Nous présentons les donneurs de NO disponibles sur le marché ainsi que ceux en développement. La bucillamine dinitrosée, développée dans notre laboratoire, fait l’objet d’une évaluation in vitro et in vivo. La deuxième partie de l’introduction s’intéresse au SRA, en rappelant son rôle prépondérant dans le maintien de la pression artérielle et de la régulation cérébrovasculaire. Nous présentons les récepteurs de l’angiotensine II (AngII), AT1 et AT2, responsables respectivement d’une vasoconstriction et d’une vasodilatation des artères cérébrales. Enfin la dernière partie présente la régulation des récepteurs de l’AngII par le NO, en particulier via la S-nitrosation du récepteur, la liaison d’un groupement NO sur une fonction thiol d’un résidu cystéine. Nous présentons les travaux de Leclerc qui montrent que l’exposition de cellules surexprimant le récepteur AT1 à un donneur de NO entraine une diminution d’affinité de l’AngII pour AT1 (Leclerc et al., 2006). Le chapitre 2 est consacré aux études expérimentales. L’objectif des travaux présentés dans cette thèse est d’étudier l’importance de la S-nitrosation des récepteurs de l’AngII au niveau cérébrovasculaire. Tout d’abord nous abordons la problématique actuelle concernant l’aspécificité des anticorps anti-AT1. Nous montrons que le nouvel anticorps monoclonal anti-AT1, censé être plus spécifique, ne reconnaît pas AT1 en western blot et en immunofluorescence, rendant donc son utilisation impossible. Nous faisons ensuite la démonstration pharmacologique des effets de la S-nitrosation sur les récepteurs de l’AngII. Nous montrons que l’exposition à un donneur de NO (S-nitrosoglutathion ou nitroprussiate de sodium) abolit spécifiquement la vasoconstriction médiée par AT1 comparé à d’autres vasoconstricteurs partageant ou non sa voie de signalisation. De plus cette exposition abolit aussi le tonus myogénique AT1-dépendant indépendant de la stimulation par l’AngII suggérant que l’altération survient sur le récepteur lui-même. Nous montrons par ailleurs que cet effet (i) ne dépend pas du NO endogène, (ii) se fait par une S-nitrosation plutôt que par la voie de la GMPc/GCs. Enfin nous étudions l’internalisation du récepteur par cytométrie en flux, sur un modèle hétérologue d’expression AT1. Nos résultats montrent que le GSNO ne modifie pas la localisation d’AT1 à la membrane et n’empêche pas son internalisation, indiquant que la voie ß-arrestine n’est pas impactée par la nitrosation.L’ensemble de ces résultats permet d’établir que la S-nitrosation d’AT1 constitue une cible thérapeutique potentiellement intéressante dans les AVC, où l’augmentation de la vasoconstriction médiée par AT1 est délétère<br>Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the development of new therapeutics is thus urgent. Two actors play a major role in the regulation of cerebral circulation: nitric oxide (NO) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The first chapter of this manuscript focuses on NO, its role and its signaling pathways. We present the available NO donors as well as those in development. Dinitrosobucillamine, a new NO donor developed in our team, is evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The second part of the introduction focuses on RAS and its preponderant role in blood pressure maintenance and cerebrovascular regulation. We present the angiotensin II (AngII) receptors, AT1 and AT2 responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation of cerebral arteries, respectively. Finally, the last part presents the regulation of AngII receptors by NO, in particular through S-nitrosation of the receptors, the covalent bound between NO and cysteine residues. We present the work of Leclerc, showing that exposure of cells overexpressing AT1 to NO causes a decrease in AngII affinity for AT1 (Leclerc et al., 2006). The second chapter is devoted to the experimental studies. The objective of this work is to study the importance of AngII receptor S-nitrosation at the cerebrovascular level. First, we address the current problematic concerning the nonspecificity of anti-AT1 antibodies. We show here that the new monoclonal anti-AT1 antibody, which is supposed to be more specific, does not recognize AT1 in western blot and immunofluorescence, making its use impossible. We then make a pharmacological demonstration of S-nitrosation effects on AngII receptors. We show that exposure to NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione or sodium nitroprusside) specifically abolishes AT1-mediated vasoconstriction compared to other vasoconstrictors sharing or not its signaling pathway. Moreover, this exposure also abolishes AT1-mediated AngII-independent myogenic tone, suggesting an alteration on the receptor itself. We also show that this effect (i) does not depend on endogenous NO, (ii) is mediated by S-nitrosation rather than by the cGMP/sGC pathway. Finally, we study AT1 internalization by flow cytometry on a heterologous model of AT1 expression. Our results show that GSNO does not alter AT1 cell surface localization and does not prevent its internalization, indicating that the ß-arrestin pathway is not impacted by nitrosation
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Rügheimer, Louise. "Kidney Hyaluronan : Regulatory Aspects During Different States of Body Hydration, Nephrogenesis & Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8724.
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<p>The kidney regulates the excretion of water and electrolytes, which maintains homeostasis and enables control of arterial blood pressure. Hyaluronan, a large negatively charged interstitial glucosaminoglycan, is heterogeneously distributed within the kidney, primarily found in the medulla.</p><p>Medullary hyaluronan content changes depending on the state of body hydration and plays a part in fluid regulation through its water binding and viscoelastic properties. </p><p>The aim of this thesis was to provide new insight into the regulation of intrarenal hyaluronan during different states of body hydration, during completion of kidney development, and during diabetes mellitus.</p><p>Dehydration reduces medullary interstitial hyaluronan in parallel with reduced hyaluronan synthase 2 gene expression and increased urinary hyaluronidase activity. Acute hydration results in an increase in medullary hyaluronan, an increase that requires nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Urinary hyaluronidase activity decreases during hydration. The elevation of hyaluronan is important for reducing water permeability of the interstitium i.e. favoring diuresis.</p><p>Changes in hyaluronan concentration constitute a morphoregulatory pathway that plays a key role in nephrogenesis. The reduction in neonatal hyaluronan depended on an angiotensin II mediated process that does not appear dependent on lymph vessel formation. If angiotensin II is blocked with an ACE inhibitor, hyaluronan accumulates, which results in structural and functional abnormalities in the kidney. </p><p>Renomedullary hyaluronan is elevated during uncontrolled diabetes, which coincides with induction of hyaluronan synthase 2 mRNA, hyperglycemia, glucosuria, proteinuria and overt diuresis. The levels of hyaluronan are probably at a <i>terminus ad quem</i> as no further response was seen during hydration. The higher interstitial expression of hyaluronan during diabetes may be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.</p><p>This thesis in physiology provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of renal hyaluronan during various aspects of fluid handling.</p>
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Bombeiro, André Luis. "Estudos neuroimunológicos da doença de Chagas experimental. Análises histomoleculares da medula espinal de camundongos imunocompetentes e deficientes em IL-12 e IL-23 infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi da cepa Sylvio X10/4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-26012012-094708/.
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O estabelecimento de uma resposta TH1 com a produção de IL-12, IFN-gama e de óxido nítrico é crucial no controle do Trypanosoma cruzi, o qual pode colonizar o SNC de crianças e pacientes imunossuprimidos. A inflamação exacerbada em decorrência da persistência de um estímulo antigênico gera o acúmulo de substâncias potencialmente citotóxicas, como mediadores pró-inflamatórios e radicais livres. A partir da infecção de camundongos imunodeficientes (IL-12p40KO) com T. cruzi Sylvio X10/4, avaliamos os danos causados à medula espinal com enfoque na inflamação e neurodegeneração. Além da desmielinização, alta reatividade glial e morte de neurônios no ponto mais tardio da doença, constatamos uma baixa produção de mediadores inflamatórios nas primeiras semanas após a infecção, acompanhada pela proliferação ascendente do parasita no tecido nervoso. Acreditamos que um atraso na produção de IFN-gama seja responsável pela ativação tardia ou ineficiente dos fagócitos da medula espinal, favorecendo a disseminação descontrolada do protozoário e subsequentes danos teciduais.<br>The establishment of a TH1 response with IL-12, IFN-gamma and nitric oxide production is crucial for controlling the proliferation of Trypanosoma cruzi, which may colonize the CNS of children and immunosuppressed hosts. The exacerbated inflammation due to the persistence of an antigenic stimulus results on the accumulation of potentially cytotoxic substances, such as pro-inflammatory mediators and free radicals. By the infection of immunodeficient mice (IL-12p40KO) with T. cruzi Sylvio X10/4 parasites we evaluated the spinal cord damages, focusing on the inflammation and neurodegeneration. Besides demyelization, high glial reactivity and neuron death at the latest stage of the disease, we noticed low production of inflammatory mediators during the first weeks of the infection, accompanied by an ascendant parasite proliferation in the nervous tissue. We believe that a delay on IFN-gamma production is responsible for the late or inefficient phagocyte activation in the spinal cord, contributing to the uncontrolled protozoan proliferation and subsequent tissue injury.
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Sepulveda, Maria Alicia Carrillo. "Participação do receptor AT2 da angiotensina II no relaxamento vascular promovido pelo hormônio tiroideano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-25032010-142756/.
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A vasodilatação promovida pela triiodotironina (T3) ocorre por sua ação direta sobre o relaxamento das células musculares lisas vasculares (CMLV), porém os mecanismos envolvidos são desconhecidos. Neste estudo mostramos que o T3 rapidamente relaxa as CMLV através da geração de óxido nítrico (NO), via óxido nítrico sintase neuronal e induzível (nNOS e iNOS), efeitos mediados pela sinalização PI3K/Akt. Ensaios funcionais em aortas sem endotélio, incubados com T3, mostraram menor resposta contrátil a Fenilefrina (FE), efeito este revertido pelo L-NAME, inibidor da NOS. Aortas de ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram aumento do receptor de Angiotensina II (AngII) do tipo 2 (AT2), acompanhado de diminuição de proteínas contráteis. In vitro o T3 diminui estas proteínas contráteis via AT2. Aortas sem endotélio dos ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram menor reatividade a AngII e maior relaxamento ao nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), efeitos estes mediados via AT2. Por fim, observamos que o T3 é capaz de induzir produção de NO nas CMLV via PI3K/Akt, a qual é ativada pelo AT2<br>3,3\',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been shown to induce vasodilation by its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism by which T3 causes VSMC relaxation is still unknown. Here, we have shown that T3 causes rapid relaxation of VSMC via increased NO production from inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We further showed that these effects were mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vascular reactivity studies showed that endothelium-denuded aortas treated with T3 had a decreased response to phenylephrine which was reserved by L-NAME, NOS inhibitors. Aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed an upregulation of AT2 accompanied by decreased of contractile proteins. In vitro we observed that T3 decreases contractile proteins via AT2. Furthermore, endothelium-denuded aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed a decreased response to angiotensinII and augmented relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) via AT2 participation. Our data also suggests that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in T3-induced NO production in VSMC via AT2.
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Gao, Xiang. "Local Purinergic Control of Arteriolar Reactivity in Pancreatic Islets and Renal Glomeruli." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230770.
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Local control of regional blood flow is exerted mainly through the arterioles. An adequate minute-to-minute regulation of blood perfusion of the kidney and the pancreas is obtained by the modulation of arteriolar reactivity, which will influence the organ function. The importance of purinergic signaling in this concept has been addressed, with special emphasis on the role of the adenosine A1 receptor. The effects of adenosine on two specialized vascular beds, namely the renal glomerulus and the pancreatic islets, have been examined. Characteristic for these regional circulations is their very high basal blood flow, but with somewhat different responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli. By adapting a unique microperfusion technique it was possible to separately perfuse isolated single mouse arterioles with attached glomeruli or pancreatic islets ex vivo. Microvascular responses were investigated following different additions to the perfusion fluid to directly examine the degree of dilation or constriction of the arterioles. This has been performed on transgenic animals in this thesis, e.g. A1 receptor knockout mice. Also effects of P2Y receptors on islet arterioles were examined in both normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic rats. Furthermore, interference with adenosine transport in glomerular arterioles were examined.. Our studies demonstrate important, yet complex, effects of adenosine and nucleotide signaling on renal and islet microvascular function, which in turn may influence both cardiovascular and metabolic regulations. They highlight the need for further studies of other purinergic receptors in this context, studies that are at currently being investigated.
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Souza, Ana Carolina Cavalcanti Pessôa de. "Ação protetora da eritropoietina na injúria renal aguda em modelo experimental de sepse." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-07052010-151836/.
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A sepse envolve mecanismos complexos de respostas imunológicas e inflamatórias, e o papel do NF- B é essencial. A diminuição da NO sintase endotelial (eNOS) durante a sepse contribui com a disfunção endotelial. A eritropoietina (EPO) é uma citocina protetora de diversos tecidos durante o estresse. Investigamos o papel da EPO na injúria renal aguda (IRA) induzida pela sepse usando o modelo de ligadura e punção do ceco (LPC). Ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos: controle; LPC e LPC+EPO (EPO, 4.000UI/kg, administrada 24h e 1h antes da cirurgia). Com a finalidade de estudar os efeitos precoces e tardios da EPO sobre a IRA induzida pela sepse realizamos três etapas de experimentos: Primeira etapa: 24 horas após LPC; Segunda etapa: 48 horas após LPC; Terceira etapa: análise de sobrevida. No estudo precoce o grupo LPC+EPO apresentou clearance de inulina significativamente maior que o grupo LPC. Recuperou os níveis de hematócrito na sepse, melhorou a pressão arterial e a acidose metabólica. No estudo tardio o grupo LPC+EPO apresentou clearance de creatinina significativamente maior que o grupo LPC. Nesta fase tardia a EPO recuperou os níveis de eNOS, suprimiu a infiltração de macrófagos no tecido renal e inibiu a ativação do NF- B. A EPO protege a função renal e aumenta a sobrevida neste modelo de sepse. A proteção da EPO na sepse é dependente, em parte, da inibição do NF- B e do aumento da expressão de eNOS<br>The pathophysiology of sepsis involves complex cytokine and inflammatory mediator networks, a mechanism to which nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- B ) activation is central. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction. Erythropoietin (EPO) has emerged as a major tissue-protective cytokine in the setting of stress. We investigated the role of EPO in sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (sham-operated); CLP-only; and CLP+EPO. The EPO (4000 IU/kg BW, i.p.) was administered 24 h and 1 h before CLP. To study the early and late effects of EPO on sepsis-induced AKI, we performed experiments at 24 h and 48 h after CLP/sham operation, and we plotted the survival curves. At post-procedure hour 24, CLP+EPO rats presented significantly higher inulin clearance than did CLP-only rats; EPO treatment restored hematocrit levels, as well as mean arterial pressure and metabolic balance. At post-procedure hour 48, CLP+EPO rats presented significantly higher creatinine clearance than did CLP-only rats; EPO treatment restored eNOS levels, suppressed macrophage infiltration, and inhibited NF-B activation,thereby increasing survival. In conclusion, EPO protects renal function and increases survival in this model of sepsis-induced AKI. This protection is dependent on eNOS activation and is partly due to inhibition of the inflammatory response via downregulation of NF- B
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Goswami, Vandana Esther. "Small Molecule Activation of Copper and Iron Complexes with Bis(oxazoline) Ligands." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3F0E-B.
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Chachlaki, Konstantina. "Molecular characterization of NO-synthesizing neurons and assessment of their function in the maturation of the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S047.
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L’apparition de la puberté et la régulation de la fertilité chez les mammifères sont contrôlées par un réseau neuronal complexe, situé principalement dans l'hypothalamus, et qui converge vers les neurones synthétisant l'hormone de libération des gonadotrophines (GnRH). Ces neurones régulent la sécrétion des gonadotrophines, la croissance et le fonctionnement des gonades. Le développement correct du système à GnRH, incluant des changements rapides dans l'expression et la signalisation de l’hormone GnRH au sein de cette population clairsemée de quelques centaines de neurones, est essentiel pour la maturation sexuelle et le fonctionnement normal de l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-gonadique. Lors du développement embryonnaire, ces neurones migrent de la placode olfactive vers leur emplacement définitif, l’hypothalamus, pour y recevoir les connexions afférentes qui permettront une libération pulsatile de la GnRH et la libération subséquente des gonadotrophines (l'hormone de stimulation des follicules (FSH) et l'hormone lutéinisante (LH)). Dès les années 90, l'oxyde nitrique (NO) a été identifié comme molécule clé dans la décharge pré-ovulatoire de GnRH/LH. En effet, de nombreux travaux ont suggéré que des interactions entre les neurones exprimant la forme neuronale de l’enzyme de synthèse du NO (la nNOS) et le système GnRH étaient impliquées dans le contrôle central de la fonction de reproduction à l'âge adulte. De plus, si le NO est reconnu depuis longtemps comme un acteur majeur du contrôle central de l’ovulation à l’âge adulte, la possibilité qu’il soit aussi impliqué dans la maturation sexuelle en régulant l’activité des neurones à GnRH à des stades précoces précédant la puberté n’a pas été explorée auparavant. Cependant, même si nous avons progressé dans la connaissance des interactions entre les neurones à nNOS et des différents acteurs importants de l’axe gonadotrope, l’identité moléculaire de ces neurones reste mal connue. Au cours de cette étude, nous avons recherché 1) l'identité moléculaire des neurones á nNOS dans l'hypothalamus au cours de développement 2) si le NO régule la migration et l’intégration des neurones à GnRH dans l’hypothalamus et 3) si le NO régule la maturation sexuelle. Pendant ma thèse nous avons répertorié pour la première fois les différents neurotransmetteurs et les principaux récepteurs dans les neurones à nNOS au cours du développement post-natal. De plus, les résultats de ma thèse montrent pour la première fois une implication de la signalisation du NO dans la migration des neurones à GnRH vers l'hypothalamus et font échos à l'identification d'une série de mutations de la NOS1 chez des patients atteints du syndrome de Kallmann, une maladie génétique congénitale rare qui associe une carence en GnRH, due à un défaut de migration neuronale, et une anosmie. Enfin, mes travaux montrent que le NO est un nouveau protagoniste dans la maturation post-natale du système à GnRH, la survenue de la puberté et l’acquisition de la capacité à se reproduire. Plus généralement, les résultats de ce travail de thèse permettent d’identifier de nouveaux mécanismes potentiellement responsables de troubles développementaux dans la mise en place des circuits neuronaux contrôlant l’axe gonadotrope chez les mammifères en général et l’homme en particulier. Nous espérons que ces résultats élargiront notre compréhension de la régulation de l'axe reproducteur, offrant ainsi des possibilités nouvelles de stratégies thérapeutiques contre les troubles de la fertilité<br>The onset of puberty and the regulation of fertility in mammals are governed by a complex neural network, primarily in the hypothalamus, that converges onto gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neurons, the master regulators of gonadotropin secretion and postnatal gonadal growth and function. The proper development of the GnRH system, including timely changes in GnRH expression and signaling by this sparse population of a few hundred neurons, is essential for sexual maturation and the normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. As the brain develops during embryogenesis, these neurons should move from the olfactory placode into the correct brain location in adequate numbers, and then establish the afferent connections that will allow the pulsatile release of GnRH peptide, and the subsequent release of the gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone, i.e FSH and luteinizing hormone, ie. LH). As early as in the 90’s NO was presented as a key molecule in the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge, and results from different groups, have suggested the interaction of NOS-containing neurons with the GnRH system, and their involvement in the regulation of reproductive capacity. Even though nitric oxide has now been long recognized as a key player in the central hormonal regulation of ovulation during adulthood, no one has considered the possibility that it could act in an earlier stage as the master regulator of GnRH neurons before puberty, hence participating in the actual maturation of the neuroendocrine axis. The relationship of nNOS-expressing neurons with other important molecules of the hypothalamic axis has been well studied, whilst the molecular identity of this neuronal NOS-expressing population is poorly documented. . To this end, we address the hitherto unaddressed questions concerning 1) the molecular identity of nNOS-expressing neurons in the developing hypothalamus, 2) the putative involvement of the NO molecule in the migration of GnRH neurons and the proper establishment of their afferent connections in the hypothalamic region and 3) the plausible determinant role of NO signaling in the maturation of the reproductive system. During this study we identified for the first time the cohort of the principal neurotransmitters and important receptors expressed by these cells in the hypothalamic region during development. Additionally, our results reveal for the first time an involvement of NO signaling in the migration of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus and are in line with the identification of a series of NOS1 mutations in Kallmann syndrome (KS), a rare congenital genetic condition presenting a unique combination of GnRH deficiency, arising from a faulty migration of the neuronal population, and anosmia. Lastly, our study identifies NO as a novel protagonist during postnatal development, in the regulation of the onset of puberty and the acquisition of reproductive competence. Overall, the results of my Phd thesis identify putative new targets causing alterations of developmental programming under pathophysiological gestational environment in mammals in general, and in humans in particular. Here we thus provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the alteration of GnRH neuronal function leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. We are hopeful that our results will expand our understanding of how the neuroendocrine axis is regulated and will possibly provide opportunities for therapeutic strategies against debilitating conditions
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Ferraro, Bernadette. "Intradermal Delivery of Plasmids Encoding Angiogenic Growth Factors by Electroporation Promotes Wound Healing and Neovascularization." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002823.
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Nunes, Rafael Amorim Belo. "Resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico e a capacidade vasodilatadora periférica quanto a polimorfismos genéticos da enzima sintetase do óxido nítrico endotelial e dos receptores alfa-adrenérgicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-21052014-111526/.
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Introdução: O desempenho cardiovascular durante o teste ergométrico varia entre indivíduos sem doença cardiovascular estabelecida. As variáveis que influenciam estas diferenças interindividuais na resposta ao exercício podem estar associadas à saúde cardiovascular. Formulamos a hipótese de que a resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico possa variar quanto à capacidade de vasodilatação periférica e que ambas possam ser influenciadas por polimorfismos genéticos da enzima sintetase do óxido nítrico endotelial, dos receptores alfaadrenérgicos e do receptor B2 da bradicinina. Objetivos: 1 - Estudar as associações entre variáveis da resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico e a vasodilatação muscular do antebraço em homens e mulheres sem doença cardiovascular estabelecida; 2 - Estudar as associações de variáveis da resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico e da vasodilatação muscular do antebraço com polimorfismos genéticos da enzima sintetase do óxido nítrico endotelial, dos receptores alfa-adrenérgicos e do receptor B2 da bradicinina. Métodos: Seiscentos e oitenta e nove indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sem doença cardiovascular estabelecida, submetidos à avaliação médica cardiológica. O teste ergométrico foi realizado em esteira rolante e limitado por sintomas. A resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico foi representada pelas seguintes variáveis: capacidade de exercício, reserva cronotrópica, recuperação da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica máxima, pressão arterial diastólica máxima e recuperação da pressão arterial sistólica. A capacidade vasodilatadora periférica foi estimada pela resposta da condutância vascular do antebraço ao exercício isométrico (área total sobre a curva e variação dos valores absolutos durante 3 minutos de exercício em relação ao basal) durante o exame de pletismografia de oclusão venosa. Os polimorfismos genéticos da enzima sintetase do óxido nítrico endotelial (eNOS) 786T > C (rs2070744) e Glu298Asp (rs1799983), dos receptores alfa1A-adrenérgico (ADRA1A) Arg347Cys (rs1048101), alfa2A-adrenérgico (ADRA2A) 1780 C >T (rs553668), alfa2B-adrenérgico (ADRA2B) Ins/Del 301-303 (rs28365031) e do receptor B2 da bradicinina BK2R (rs5810761) foram genotipados por meio da técnica de High Resolution Melting. Modelos de regressão linear múltipla e modelos mistos estratificados para homens e mulheres foram utilizados na análise estatística. Resultados: As variáveis do teste ergométrico não se associaram ao aumento da condutância vascular do antebraço durante o exercício isométrico. O polimorfismo ADRA1A Arg347Cys associou-se com a pressão arterial sistólica máxima no sexo masculino (P = 0,049), o polimorfismo ADRA2A 1780 C > T associou-se à pressão arterial diastólica máxima no sexo masculino (P = 0,049) e à pressão arterial sistólica máxima em ambos os sexos (P = 0,009 nas mulheres, P = 0,022 nos homens), o polimorfismo ADRA2B Del 301-303 associou-se à pressão arterial sistólica máxima (P = 0,005) e à pressão arterial diastólica máxima (P = 0,043) no sexo feminino, e à recuperação da frequência cardíaca no sexo masculino (P = 0,041). A resposta da condutância vascular do antebraço durante o exercício isométrico associou-se ao polimorfismo eNOS 786T > C no sexo feminino (P = 0,043) e ao polimorfismo ADRA2A 1780 C > T no sexo masculino (P = 0,025). Conclusão: A resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico não se associou à capacidade vasodilatadora periférica em indivíduos sem doença cardiovascular estabelecida. Em relação à resposta cardiovascular ao teste ergométrico, o polimorfismo ADRA1A Arg347Cys influenciou a pressão arterial sistólica máxima no sexo masculino; o polimorfismo ADRA2A 1780 C > T influenciou a pressão arterial sistólica máxima em ambos os sexos e a pressão arterial diastólica máxima no sexo masculino; o polimorfismo ADRA2B Del 301- 303 influenciou a pressão arterial sistólica máxima e a pressão arterial diastólica máxima no sexo feminino e a recuperação da frequência cardíaca no sexo masculino. A vasodilatação muscular do antebraço ao exercício isométrico foi influenciada pelos polimorfismos eNOS 786 T>C no sexo feminino e ADRA2A 1780 C > T no sexo masculino. Estes dados sugerem que polimorfismos genéticos associados aos receptores alfa-adrenérgicos e à enzima sintetase do óxido nítrico endotelial possam modular a resposta cardiovascular ao exercício e a capacidade vasodilatadora periférica. Variantes dos genes dos receptores alfa-adrenérgicos, em especial, parecem ser potenciais marcadores da resposta da pressão arterial durante o exercício<br>Purpose: The cardiovascular performance during exercise stress test may vary among individuals without overt cardiovascular disease. The variables associated with this variability between apparently healthy individuals may also influence the cardiovascular health. We hypothesized that cardiovascular responses during exercise stress test may vary according the peripheral vasodilator capacity and that both pathways may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, alpha-adrenergic receptors and type B2 bradykinin receptor. Aim: 1- to study associations between the cardiovascular responses during exercise stress test and forearm muscle vasodilation in men and women without overt cardiovascular disease. 2- to study the influence of genetic polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, alpha adrenergic receptors and type B2 bradykinin receptor on the exercise test responses and forearm muscle vasodilation. Methods: Six hundred eighty nine individuals of both sexes, without overt cardiovascular disease, that underwent a cardiovascular check-up. The cardiovascular performance during exercise stress test was estimated by the following variables: exercise capacity, chronotropic reserve, heart-rate recovery, exercise systolic blood pressure, exercise diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure recovery. The peripheral vasodilator capacity was estimated by forearm vascular conductance response to handgrip exercise (area under the curve and absolute changes during the 3-minute handgrip exercise) during venous occlusion plethysmography. The genetic polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 786T>C (rs2070744) and Glu298Asp (rs1799983), of adrenoceptors alpha1A (ADRA1A) Arg347Cys (rs1048101), alpha2A (ADRA2A) 1780 C>T (rs553668), alpha2B (ADRA2B) Ins/Del 301-303 (rs28365031) and of type B2 bradykinin receptor (rs5810761) were genotyped with High Resolution Melting. The statistical analysis was performed with multiple linear regression and linear mixed models for men and women. Results: Exercise test variables were not associated with forearm vascular conductance increase during handgrip exercise. The ADRA1A Arg347Cys was associated with exercise systolic blood pressure in men (P = 0.049), the ADRA2A 1780 C>T was associated with exercise diastolic blood pressure in men ( P = 0.049) and with exercise systolic blood pressure in both sexes (P = 0.009 for women, P = 0,022 for men), the ADRA2B Del 301-303 was associated with exercise systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) and exercise diastolic blood pressure (0.043) in women, and with heart-rate recovery in men (P = 0.041). The forearm vascular conductance changes during handgrip exercise were associated with eNOS 786 T>C in women (P = 0.043) and with ADRA2A 1780 C>T in men (P = 0.025). Conclusions: The cardiovascular responses during treadmill exercise test were not associated with peripheral vasodilatory capacity in individuals without overt heart disease. The ADRA1A Arg347Cys polymorphism influenced exercise systolic blood pressure in men; the ADRA2A 1780 C >T polymorphism influenced exercise systolic blood pressure in both sexes and exercise diastolic blood pressure in men; and the ADRA2B Del 301-303 polymorphism influenced exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressures in women and heart-rate recovery in men. The exercise-induced muscle vasodilatation was influenced by the eNOS polymorphism 786 T > C in women and ADRA2A polymorphism 1780 C >T in men.These findings suggest that polymorphisms of genes coding alpha adrenergic receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase may play a role on the modulation of cardiovascular responses to exercise and peripheral vasodilatation. Particularly, genetic polymorphisms of alpha-adrenergic receptors appear to be potential markers of blood pressure response during exercise
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Costa, Nauilo Lima. "Sobrecarga de sal durante o período perinatal: efeito sobre a modulação do sistema renina-angiotensina em resposta à variação no consumo de sal na prole adulta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-25062009-105317/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a sobrecarga de sal durante a gestação interfere na liberação de renina renal e circulante e a sua relação com a COX-2 e nNOS no rim após estimulo ou inibição do sistema renina angiotensina (SRA) nas proles femininas adultas. Ratas fêmeas Wistar receberam dieta normossódica (1,3%), hipersódica 4,0% ou hipersódica 8,0%NaCl durante a gestação. Ao nascimento, as proles receberam dieta normossódica. As proles com 12 semanas de vida foram submetidas ao teste de restrição (0,15%) ou a sobrecarga de sódio (8,0%NaCl). Foram avaliados pesos corpóreos, a pressão arterial, atividades da renina plasmática e renal; porcentagem de ramos vasculares com grânulos de renina, nitrito sérico; expressão do mRNA e protéica de renina, COX-2 e nNOS no córtex e medula renal. A pressão arterial, peso corpóreo, atividade da renina plasmática e renal não foram diferentes entre os grupos. A prole HR1 apresentou modulação do SRA, enquanto que prole HR2 não apresentou modulação adequada frente à restrição ou sobrecarga de sódio. Além disso, a expressão do mRNA da renina, COX-2 e nNOS foi estimulada na medula, e diminuída no córtex renal das proles HR1 diante da restrição ou sobrecarga de sódio. Em conclusão, a sobrecarga de sódio durante a gestação modifica as respostas do sistema renina-angiotensina, da COX-2 e da nNOS diante de subseqüente restrição e sobrecarga de sódio nas proles femininas adultas.<br>The objective was to evaluate whether mother high salt diet interferes in circulating and local renin release and its relation to kidney COX-2 and nNOS under RAS stimulation or inhibition by sodium in female offspring. Female rats were fed a normal (1,3%NaCl, NSD) or high 1 (4,0%, HSD1) or high 2 (8,0%, HSD2) diet throughout pregnancy. Mating occurred on the 12th week of age. From birthday, the offspring received normal salt diet. In adult offspring; plasma, renal renin activity, granulated renin cell, serum Nox, medullar and cortical renin, COX-2 and nNOS mRNA and protein expression were measured in basal condition and after one week of RAS stimulation or inhibition by sodium. Results: In basal condition, renin activity was not different among groups; however HSD1 offspring was more responsive to RAS stimulation or inhibition. Medulla COX-2 and nNOS mRNA of HSD1 offspring were decreased in basal conditions and they were more responsive to RAS stimulation or inhibition. Enhanced responses of circulating and local renin, COX-2 and nNOS to RAS stimulation or inhibition by sodium in offspring from maternal high salt diet during pregnancy lead to activation of renin angiotensin system, prostaglandin and nitric oxide pathways, and could be origin of hypertension in late life.
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Farooq, Muhammad Akmal. "Potential of omega-3 EPA/DHA 6/1 to ameliorate ageing-related endothelial dysfunction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ107/document.
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La présente étude évalue la capacité de la formulation d’oméga-3 EPA:DHA 6:1, une formulation capable d’induire la formation continue de monoxyde d’azote par la NO synthase endothéliale, à améliorer la dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge établie chez le rat. La dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge est caractérisée par une altération des composantes de la relaxation et une augmentation des réponses contractiles dépendantes de l’endothélium. L’âge augmente le stress oxydant vasculaire, l’expression de la NADPH oxydase, COX-2, eNOS, ACE, AT1R, et des marqueurs de senescence, alors que la COX-1 est sous-exprimé. La formulation EPA:DHA 6:1 améliore la composante NO, diminue l’EDCF et le stress oxydant vasculaire, et normalise l’expression des protéines cibles. En conclusion, la consommation chronique de EPA:DHA 6:1 améliore la dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge chez le rat, probablement en prévenant l’activation du système angiotensine locale et le stress oxydant en résultant<br>EPA:DHA 6:1 omega-3 formulation has been shown to induce a sustained endothelial NO synthase-derived formation of nitric oxide. This study examined if the intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improves an established ageing-related endothelial dysfunction. Ageing-related endothelial dysfunction was characterized by a blunted NO-mediated component of relaxation, abolished EDH-mediated component and increased COX-derived endothelium-dependent contractile responses. Ageing increased vascular oxidative stress, expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, COX-2, eNOS, ACE, AT1R, and senescence markers, whereas COX-1 was down-regulated. Chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improved the NO-mediated relaxations, reduced EDCFs, vascular oxidative stress and normalized the expression of protein markers. In conclusion, chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the ageing-related endothelial dysfunction in old rats, most likely by preventing activation of the local angiotensin system and the subsequent vascular oxidative stress