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Journal articles on the topic 'Normal element'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Udjiani, Titi, Suryoto Suryoto, and Harjito Harjito. "NORMAL ELEMENT ON IDENTIFY PROPERTIES." Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) 1, no. 2 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v1i2.16.

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Abstract. One type of element in the ring with involution is normal element. Their main properties is commutative with their image by involution in ring. Group invers of element in ring is always commutative with element which is commutative with itself. In this paper, properties of normal element in ring with involution which also have generalized Moore Penrose invers are constructed by using commutative property of group invers in ring. Keywords: Normal, Moore Penrose, group, involution

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2

Levi, I., and R. B. McFadden. "Sn-normal semigroups." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 37, no. 3 (1994): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500018927.

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Certain subsemigroups of the full transformation semigroup Tn on a finite set of cardinality n are investigated, namely those subsemigroups S of Tn, which are normalised by the symmetric group on n elements, the group of units of Tn. The Sn-normal closure of an element of Tn is determined, and the structure of the Sn-normal ideals consisting of the members of Tn whose image contains at most r elements is studied.

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3

LIN, HUAXIN. "ALMOST NORMAL ELEMENTS." International Journal of Mathematics 05, no. 05 (1994): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x94000383.

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We show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0, such that for any finite matrix T with ||T|| ≤ 1 satisfies [Formula: see text] there is a normal operator N ∈ B (l2) such that [Formula: see text] where T∞ is the block diagonal operator with T on each diagonal block. We also show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0 such that for any element x with ||x|| ≤ 1 in any purely infinite simple C*-algebra A satisfies [Formula: see text] and a spectral condition, there is a normal element y ∈ A with finite spectrum [Formula: see text]

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4

Reza, F. M. "Two-element type normal n-ports." Journal of the Franklin Institute 323, no. 1 (1987): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(87)90045-7.

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5

Huo-Yuan, Duan, and Liang Guo-Ping. "Normal and tangential continuous elements for least-squares mixed finite element methods." Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 20, no. 4 (2004): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.20002.

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6

Droste, M., W. C. Holland, and H. D. Macpherson. "Automorphism Groups of Homogeneous Semilinear Orders: Normal Subgroups and Commutators." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 43, no. 4 (1991): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1991-041-7.

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A partially ordered set (T, ≤) is called a tree if it is semilinearly ordered, i.e. any two elements have a common lower bound but no two incomparable elements have a common upper bound, and contains an infinite chain and at least two incomparable elements. Let k ∈ ℕ. We say that a partially ordered set (T, ≤) is k-homogeneous, if each isomorphism between two k-element subsets of T extends to an automorphism of (T, ≤), and weakly k-transitive, if for any two k-element subchains of T there exists an automorphism of (T, ≤) taking one to the other.

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7

Aragona, R., and A. D'Andrea. "Normal form in Hecke-Kiselman monoids associated with simple oriented graphs." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 30, no. 2 (2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1571.

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We generalize Kudryavtseva and Mazorchuk's concept of a canonical form of elements [9] in Kiselman's semigroups to the setting of a Hecke-Kiselman monoid HKΓ associated with a simple oriented graph Γ. We use confluence properties from [7] to associate with each element in HKΓ a normal form; normal forms are not unique, and we show that they can be obtained from each other by a sequence of elementary commutations. We finally describe a general procedure to recover a (unique) lexicographically minimal normal form.

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8

Christopoulou, Maria, Theo Garefalakis, Daniel Panario, and David Thomson. "The trace of an optimal normal element and low complexity normal bases." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 49, no. 1-3 (2008): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-008-9195-5.

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9

Alizadeh, Mahmood. "Some notes on the k-normal elements and k-normal polynomials over finite fields." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 16, no. 01 (2017): 1750006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498817500062.

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Recently, the [Formula: see text]-normal elements over finite fields are defined and characterized by Huczynska et al. In this paper, we give a new characterization of [Formula: see text]-normal elements and define [Formula: see text]-normal polynomials over finite fields. In what follows, we show that the problem of existence of a primitive 1-normal element in [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which has been stated by Huczynska et al., is not satisfied. Furthermore, we extend a recursive method given by Kyuregyan for constructing an infinite family of [Formula: see text]-polynomials, to constructing an infinite sequence of [Formula: see text]-normal polynomials over [Formula: see text].

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10

Paques, A. "On the primitive element and normal basis theorems." Communications in Algebra 16, no. 3 (1988): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927878808823581.

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11

Leleyter, Mireille, and Pierre Joyes. "Sims study of normal and transition element carbides." Surface Science 156 (June 1985): 800–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(85)90252-3.

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12

Leleyter, Mireille, and Pierre Joyes. "SIMS study of normal and transition element carbides." Surface Science Letters 156 (June 1985): A336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(85)90470-0.

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13

Jordan, D. A. "Unique factorisation of normal elements in non-commutative rings." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 31, no. 1 (1989): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001708950000759x.

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In the literature there are several generalisations to non-commutative rings of the notion of a unique factorisation domain from commutative algebra. This paper follows in the spirit of [1, 3] and is set in the context of Noetherian rings. In [3], A. W. Chatters and the author denned a Noetherian UFR (unique factorisation ring) to be a prime Noetherian ring R in which every non-zero prime ideal contains a prime ideal generated by a non-zero normal element p, that is, by an element p such that pR = Rp. The class of Noetherian UFRs includes the Noetherian UFDs studied by Chatters in [1], while a commutative Noetherian ring is a UFR if and only if it is a UFD in the usual sense. For a Noetherian UFR R, the following are simple consequences of the definition:(i) every non-zero ideal of R contains a non-zero normal element;(ii) the set N(R) of non-zero normal elements of R is a unique factorisation monoid in the sense of [4, Chapter 3].

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14

Feldman, J., and M. Smorodinsky. "Normal numbers from independent processes." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 12, no. 4 (1992): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700007045.

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In 1960 Schmidt [S] showed that if p and q are not powers of the same integer, i.e., if log q/log p is irrational, then for certain special measures μ on [0,1), invariant under S:x ↦ px (mod 1), μ-almost every x is normal to the base q. The measures considered in [S] were similar to Cantor-Lebesgue measure: namely, under μ the p-digit process was a special i.i.d. process where for some k ≥ 2 the elements of a certain k-element subset of the p-digits assumed probability 1/k each. The proof was fairly complicated, and did not seem to yield much more (see Keane and Pearce [K] for another proof).

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15

Björkholdt, Elise, and Patrik Lundström. "Generalizations of the normal basis theorem." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 94, no. 2 (2004): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-14437.

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We give several generalizations of the normal basis and primitive element theorems for a finite Galois field extension, with an infinite base field. These generalizations are obtained by considering polynomial expressions of conjugates of a fixed element.

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16

Roberts, Stephen. "A line element algorithm for curve flow problems in the plane." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 35, no. 2 (1993): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000009152.

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AbstractIn this paper we shall describe a numerical method for the solution of curve flow problems in which the normal velocity of the curve depends locally on the position, normal and curvature of the curve. The method involves approximating the curve by a number of line elements (segments) which are only allowed to move in a direction normal to the element. Hence the normal of each line element remains constant throughout the evolution. In regions of high curvature elements naturally tend to accumulate. The method easily deals with the formation of cusps as found in flame propagation problems and is computationally comparable to a naive marker particle method. As a test of the method we present a number of numerical experiments related to mean curvature flow and flows associated with flame propagation and bushfires.

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17

He, Xiao Cong, and Yu Qi Wang. "Numerical Study on Normal Stress Distributions in a Single-Lap Adhesive Joint." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.685.

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Adhesively bonding is becoming a widespread candidate technique for joining light-weight structural components. This paper investigates normal stress distribution in a single-lap adhesive joint using finite element method. Five layers of solid elements were used across the adhesive for obtaining an accurate indication of the variation of normal stress. All the numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis show that the spatial distribution of normal stress are similar for different interfaces. It can also be seen from the results that the left hand region is subjected to very high stress.

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18

Ara, Pere, and Kevin C. O’Meara. "The Nilpotent Regular Element Problem." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 59, no. 3 (2016): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2016-005-8.

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AbstractWe use George Bergman’s recent normal form for universally adjoining an inner inverse to show that, for general rings, a nilpotent regular element x need not be unit-regular. This contrasts sharply with the situation for nilpotent regular elements in exchange rings (a large class of rings), and for general rings when all powers of the nilpotent element x are regular.

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19

Taylor, Loverine P., and Virginia Walbot. "Isolation and Characterization of a 1.7-kb Transposable Element from a Mutator Line of Maize." Genetics 117, no. 2 (1987): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/117.2.297.

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ABSTRACT We have cloned and sequenced a 1.7-kb Mu element from a Mutator line of maize and compared its structure to Mu1, a 1.4-kb element. With the exception of a 385-bp block of DNA present in the 1.7-kb element, these transposable elements are structurally similar, sharing terminally inverted and internal direct repeated sequences. Derivation of 1.4-kb elements from the 1.7-kb class via deletion of internal sequence is suggested by the finding that a portion of the extra DNA in Mu1.7 is part of a truncated direct repeat sequence in the 1.4-kb element. An abundant poly(A)+ RNA homologous to a portion of this extra DNA is present in several tissues of both Mutator and non-Mutator lines. Analysis of transcripts from an unstable mutant bronze1 (bz) allele containing a Mu1.7 element inserted in an exon of the gene detects three species of poly(A)+ RNA that hybridize to a Bz1 (Bronze) gene probe: the largest contains the entire Mu1.7 element in the Bz1 gene transcript; another appears to be a spliced, chimeric transcript; the smallest is normal size Bz1 mRNA. The latter is most likely encoded by the normal-size alleles detected by Southern analysis of tissue expressing purple pigment, suggesting that normal gene function is restored by excision of the Mu1.7 element.

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20

Kubala-Kukuś, A., J. Braziewicz, D. Banaś, U. Majewska, S. Góźdź, and A. Urbaniak. "Trace element load in cancer and normal lung tissue." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 150, no. 1-4 (1999): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(98)01057-x.

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21

Honda, Riki, Ghanem Roger, and Michihiro KITAHARA. "Spectral Stochastic Finite Element Method for Log-Normal Uncertainty." Journal of applied mechanics 7 (2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalam.7.391.

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22

Ludwigsen, Daniel O., and William J. Strong. "Normal modes of a finite element lip reed model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 109, no. 5 (2001): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4744828.

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23

Zaichick, Vladimir, and Sofia Zaichick. "Twenty Chemical Element Contents in Normal and Cancerous Thyroid." International Journal of Hematology and Blood Disorders 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/ijhbd/3/2/00121.

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24

Hansen, Uwe J. "Two‐dimensional normal modes: Experiment and finite element analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (2009): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808760.

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25

Kim, Kitae, Jeongil Namgoong, and Ikkwon Yie. "AFFINE TRANSFORMATION OF A NORMAL ELEMENT AND ITS APPLICATION." Korean Journal of Mathematics 22, no. 3 (2014): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11568/kjm.2014.22.3.517.

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26

Kwon, Y. W., and R. Dutton. "Boundary element analysis of cracks normal to bimaterial interfaces." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 40, no. 3 (1991): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(91)90145-q.

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27

Nakai, Tomoo. "Magnetic Domain Transition of Adjacent Narrow Thin Film Strips with Inclined Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030279.

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This study deals a phenomenon of magnetic domain transition for the stepped magneto-impedance element. Our previous research shows that an element with 70° inclined easy axis has a typical characteristic of the domain transition, and the transition can be controlled by the normal magnetic field. In this paper, we apply this phenomenon and controlling method to the line arrangement adjacent to many body elements, in which mutual magnetic interaction exists. The result shows that the hidden inclined Landau–Lifshitz domain appears by applying a distributed normal field the same as an individual element.

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28

Vinogradova, A. V., A. I. Psarev, A. V. Vinogradov, V. E. Bolshev, M. Jasinski, and R. R. Gibadullin. "Restoring normal network operation mode by automatically disabling network ATS." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801072.

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Automatic sectionalizing and redundancy of power transmission lines is one of the conditions for network intellectualization and can significantly reduce the power supply interruption time for rural consumers. However, both sectionalizing and redundancy of power transmission lines in 0.4 kV electric networks are used extremely limitedly since there are no sufficiently effective methods and technical means for their implementation. This article presents a method to automatically deactivate the automatic load transfer switch when restoring the normal network operation mode. The paper considers the implementation of the method on the example of damage occurring in the network where power is supplied to consumers from two power sources using an automatic load transfer switch and two sectionalizing units. A device is developed which allows implementing the developed method of automatic load transfer switch deactivation. The device consists of sectionalizing unit, automatic load transfer switch, voltage presence sensor, power direction sensor, memory element, repeater element, element AND and 3 elements NOT. The work of the device is described. The proposed method for automatically disconnecting the automatic load transfer switch in order to return the consumers’ power supply circuit to its initial state solves the problem of eliminating unreasonable power supply interruptions for consumers.

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29

Barlow, A. L., and M. A. Hultén. "Combined immunocytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of meiosis I oocytes from normal human females." Zygote 6, no. 1 (1998): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400005050.

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SummaryThe microspread oocytes of three fetuses, two of 16 weeks gestation and one of 15 weeks gestation, were labelled with a combination of anti-lateral element antiserum and a human centromere labelling auto-immune serum. The anti-lateral element serum was found to label both asynapsed axial elements and synapsed lateral elements strongly. Nuclei were found from leptotene to diplotene in all three fetuses. The use of the human auto-immune serum led to the observation of ‘staggered centromeres’ and ‘centromeric associations’ as well as tightly clustered centromeres in ‘stellar nuclei’. Nuclei displaying various aberrant features were detected. The use of antibody-labelled microspread oocytes as substrates for fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was found to be reliably successful only with repetitive (centromeric and telomeric) probes.

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30

Jordan, D. A. "Unique factorisation of normal elements in polynomial rings." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 110, no. 3-4 (1988): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500022228.

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SynopsisWe consider the class of Noetherian UFN-rings, that is, Noetherian prime rings such that every non-zero ideal contains a non-zero normal element and such that the monoid of non-zero normal elements is a unique factorisation monoid. We ask whether this class of rings, a generalisation of the commutative Noetherian unique factorisation domains (UFD), is closed under polynomial extensions. The general question is apparently difficult and remains open. However, we give positive answers in special cases, in particular, for algebras over an infinite field and for domains.

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31

Anju and R. K. Sharma. "On primitive normal elements over finite fields." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 11, no. 02 (2018): 1850031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557118500316.

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Let [Formula: see text] be an extension of the field [Formula: see text] of degree [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] for some positive integer [Formula: see text] and prime [Formula: see text] In this paper, we establish a sufficient condition for the existence of a primitive element [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is also primitive as well as a primitive normal element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is primitive.

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32

Zhao, Lanhao, Wei Zhang, Xin Bai, Tianyou Yan, and Tongchun Li. "Single Spring Joint Element Based on the Mixed Coordinate System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/979678.

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As a FEM for reinforced concrete bond-slip problems, one important feature of the typical double spring joint element method is the selection of the normal stiffness, which may cause the mutual embedding problem and bring challenges to the calculation. In this paper, a novel single spring joint element method based on the mixed coordinate system is proposed to simulate the interaction of two materials. Instead of choosing the normal stiffness arbitrarily, the proposed method makes DOFs of two materials in the normal direction equal to ensure deformation compatibility. And its solid elements for the concrete are solved in global coordinate system, while the beam elements for the steel bar are solved in local coordinate system. In addition, the proposed method can also be applied to RC structures with irregular arrangements of steel bars. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the bond model is applied to RC beams with the description of the damage process.

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33

Pechstein, Astrid S., Martin Meindlhumer, and Alexander Humer. "New mixed finite elements for the discretization of piezoelectric structures or macro-fiber composites." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (2018): 3266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781026.

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We propose a new three-dimensional formulation based on the mixed tangential-displacement normal-normal-stress method for elasticity. In elastic tangential-displacement normal-normal-stress elements, the tangential component of the displacement field and the normal component of the stress vector are degrees of freedom and continuous across inter-element interfaces. Tangential-displacement normal-normal-stress finite elements have been shown to be locking-free with respect to shear locking in thin elements, which makes them suitable for the discretization of laminates or macro-fiber composites. In the current paper, we extend the formulation to piezoelectric materials by adding the electric potential as degree of freedom.

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34

Moheit, Lennart, and Steffen Marburg. "Normal Modes and Modal Reduction in Exterior Acoustics." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 03 (2018): 1850029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500299.

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The Helmholtz equation for exterior acoustic problems can be solved by the finite element method in combination with conjugated infinite elements. Both provide frequency-independent system matrices, forming a discrete, linear system of equations. The homogenous system can be understood as a quadratic eigenvalue problem of normal modes (NMs). Knowledge about the only relevant NMs, which — when doing modal superposition — still provide a sufficiently accurate solution for the sound pressure and sound power in comparison to the full set of modes, leads to reduced computational effort. Properties of NMs and criteria of modal reduction are discussed in this work.

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35

Cuperus, Jacobus L., and Gerhard Venter. "Numerical simulation and parameterisation of rail–wheel normal contact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 4 (2016): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716631009.

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This investigation aims to find empirical equations that describe the rail–wheel normal (frictionless) contact characteristics. These equations can then be used to determine an equivalent Hertzian load to account for normal contact in the finite element analyses mandated by the Transnet RS/ME/SP/008 specification, without explicitly simulating the contact between two bodies. The standard is similar to UIC 510-5 and does not consider tangential contact. The normal contact problem is solved for the test case using nonlinear finite element methods as well as the boundary element method. Material plasticity was also investigated in finite element analyses with limited effect for contact away from the flange area. The data from boundary element analyses were fitted to a power law equation for each contact parameter. The equivalent Hertzian contact produced with the empirical equations is able to predict the normal contact parameters relatively accurately, producing a maximum error of 9.6% (excluding one area with a geometric anomaly).

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He, Xiao Cong. "Normal Stress Distributions in a Single-Lap Adhesively Bonded Joint under Tension." Advanced Materials Research 530 (June 2012): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.530.9.

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This paper investigates normal stress distribution of a single-lap adhesively bonded joint under tension using the three-dimensional finite element methods. Five layers of solid elements were used across the adhesive layer thickness in order to obtain an accurate indication of the variation of normal stress. All the numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis show that the spatial distribution of normal stress are similar for different interfaces though the stress values are obviously different. It can also be seen from the results that the left hand region, which is very close to the left free end of the adhesive layer, is subjected to very high stress and the magnitude of the normal stress oscillates in value close to the left end of the adhesive layer.

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37

Wu, Yong-Li. "Collapsed isoparametric element as a singular element for a crack normal to the bi-material interface." Computers & Structures 47, no. 6 (1993): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(93)90298-r.

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38

Wang, Guang Wei. "Research on Welding Deformation Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2752.

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A method to obtain welding deformation values and simulating welding deformation effect is proposed in the paper. In this method, the structure is subdivided into Triangular element, the coordinates for nodes adopt the actual value, the coordinates of points are calculated with interpolation of all nodes in the element, and the normal vector of node is expressed with the average value of normal vectors from all elements related. Experiments show that the new method is effective to simulate the welding deformation, and has great practical significance.

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39

Möller, Rögnvaldur G. "$FC^-$-elements in totally disconnected groups and automorphisms of infinite graphs." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 92, no. 2 (2003): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-14404.

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An element in a topological group is called an $\mathrm{FC}^-$-element if its conjugacy class has compact closure. The $\mathrm{FC}^-$-elements form a normal subgroup. In this note it is shown that in a compactly generated totally disconnected locally compact group this normal subgroup is closed. This result answers a question of Ghahramani, Runde and Willis. The proof uses a result of Trofimov about automorphism groups of graphs and a graph theoretical interpretation of the condition that the group is compactly generated.

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40

Hu, Jian Jun, Ting Zhou Lei, Sheng Qiang Shen, and Quan Guo Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis for Normal-Temperature Wet Briquetting of Straws." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.409.

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As one of important technologies for briquettes production from straws, the normal-temperature wet briquetting technology of straws shows important practical significance in place of fossil fuels that are progressively reduced. According to the characteristics of the normal-temperature wet briquetting of straws having large displacement and large strain, this article provided a finite element calculation method for non-linear straw problems using the large-deformation elastic-plasticity principle. Based on description of straw status by Lagrange method, analyses were performed for deformation gradient tensor, displacement gradient tensor and rigid body movement, and then finite element equations were established for the normal-temperature wet briquetting of straws according to the Green strain, Drucker-Prager criterion and balance principle, providing references for numerical simulation for the normal-temperature wet briquetting of straws with computer software.

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41

Mcdowell, G. R., and O. Harireche. "Discrete element modelling of yielding and normal compression of sand." Géotechnique 52, no. 4 (2002): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2002.52.4.299.

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Petrescu, Horia Alexandru, Daniel Vlasceanu, Andrei Stamate, Robert Bololoi, and Stela Carmen Hanganu. "Finite Element Analyses Comparison Between Normal Teeth and Prosthetic Teeth." Key Engineering Materials 638 (March 2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.638.155.

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Dental medicine represents a very important part of our life. As our appearance or looks is a major concern for us, a beautiful smile can improve our life. Moreover, our teeth health reflects on our overall health. This paper presents a method for highlighting the differences between a natural tooth and a prosthetic one. In order to determine the stress distribution in teeth during the use of prosthetics pivots, several virtual geometric models of the teeth were created (canine, first premolar, first molar and second molar), both in their natural form and when using pivots. The results obtained from these analyses were compared in order to reveal the behavior of a prosthetic tooth during normal life loads. Such results of real life behavior can be used by dental medics in order to predict the life span of restored teeth.

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Kim, Hansol, Hak Yong Lee, Chan Park, et al. "Finite Element Analysis of RF Coupler in Normal-Low Temperature." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 38, no. 10 (2014): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2014.38.10.1101.

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Mazzilli, C. E. N., and O. G. P. Baracho Neto. "Evaluation of non-linear normal modes for finite-element models." Computers & Structures 80, no. 11 (2002): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(02)00061-5.

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Zhang, Ling, and Chuan-Yu Wu. "Discrete element analysis of normal elastic impact of wet particles." Powder Technology 362 (February 2020): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.12.021.

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46

Jerier, J. F., and J. F. Molinari. "Normal contact between rough surfaces by the Discrete Element Method." Tribology International 47 (March 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.08.016.

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Sebert, K. A., and R. J. Scavuzzo. "Normal Mode Theory as a Tool in Finite Element Substructuring." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 2 (1995): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842099.

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Two methods of substructuring finite element models are examined. Each method uses normal mode theory as the basis for selecting the appropriate modes for the substructure and the properties of the modes. One of the substructuring procedures uses component mode synthesis to attach the substructure to the residual structure, while the other method uses direct connection. The resulting combined models are evaluated for shock input using NASTRAN, and the results are compared to the analysis of the original model in each case.

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Brataas, Arne, Yu V. Nazarov, and Gerrit E. W. Bauer. "Finite-Element Theory of Transport in Ferromagnet–Normal Metal Systems." Physical Review Letters 84, no. 11 (2000): 2481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.2481.

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Pohrt, R., and Q. Li. "Complete boundary element formulation for normal and tangential contact problems." Physical Mesomechanics 17, no. 4 (2014): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1029959914040109.

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Guisun, Zhuang, Wang Yinson, Tan Mingguang, Zhi Min, and Pan Weiqing. "Element concentrations of hair from normal and mercury polluted persons." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 186, no. 5 (1994): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02162622.

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