Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nusselt number correlation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Nusselt number correlation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nusselt number correlation"

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Lehnen, M. V., C. Y. Y. Lee, and F. L. D. Alves. "Nusselt number correlation for synthetic jets." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 38, no. 7 (March 25, 2015): 2161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0337-1.

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Sato, A. I., C. A. C. Altemani, and V. L. Scalon. "MEAN NUSSELT NUMBER CORRELATION FOR TISE HEATSINK THERMAL DESIGN." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 19, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v19i1.76427.

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This work was developed from a review of the technical literature for the thermal design of parallel plates heat sinks with uniform cross section cooled by airflow with the TISE (Top Inlet Side Exit) configuration. Due to an observed lack of agreement of the literature correlations among themselves and also with the available experimental results, numerical simulations were then performed to evaluate the forced convective heat transfer in the channels of these heat sinks with the TISE configuration. The simulations encompassed a range of heatsink airflow rates, considering distinct channel sizes and also the effect of a partial opening for the airflow entrance at the heat sink top. The obtained numerical results were employed to evaluate the average convective heat transfer coefficient inside the heatsink’s channels, based on the flow mixed mean temperature. A new empirical correlation was then proposed for the average Nusselt number as a function of the airflow Reynolds number and three dimensionless channel geometric parameters. The new correlation was compared with available experimental data.
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Meola, Carosena. "A New Correlation of Nusselt Number for Impinging Jets." Heat Transfer Engineering 30, no. 3 (February 2009): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630802304311.

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Mortean, M. V. V., and M. B. H. Mantelli. "Nusselt number correlation for compact heat exchangers in transition regimes." Applied Thermal Engineering 151 (March 2019): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.017.

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Basha, Mehaboob, and C. S. Nor Azwadi. "Regularized Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Laminar Natural Convection in Entrance Region of 2D Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (February 2013): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.267.

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This paper presents a numerical study of incompressible laminar natural convection in entrance region of two dimensional vertical and inclined channels using regularized lattice Boltzmann Bhatnaghar-Gross-Krook method. Individual distribution functions with lattice types D2Q9 and D2Q5 are considered to solve fluid flow and thermal fields, respectively. Rayleigh number and inclination angle are varied from 10e2 to 10e6 and 0 to 60°, respectively. Distribution functions are introduced to mimic Bernoulli’s equation for calculating pressure at the inlet. Predicted Nusselt numbers are compared with Nusselt numbers correlation. Averaged Nusselt numbers compare well with Nusselt number correlation of Bar-Cohen & Rohsenow.
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da Silva, Raquel da Cunha Ribeiro, Carlos Salinas Sedano, Kamal A. R. Ismail, and Paúl Adrian Delgado Maldonado. "Empirical Heat Transfer Correlations during Frost Deposition on a Triangular Tube Banks Arrangement." Defect and Diffusion Forum 366 (April 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.366.88.

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An experimental study was reported earlier on the development of frost formation by humid flow passing over the cylinder. In this study, dimensionless correlations used in previous experimental data, and reported empirical correlations of the Nusselt number, were used. This paper reports results of an experimental and numerical investigation where the emphasis was placed on obtaining empirical correlation for the Nusselt number. In this work some experimental results of the frost thickness around every cylinder in a triangular arrangement are presented, an estimated experimental correlation to find Nusselt number. This correlation is based on the experimental measurements in a wind tunnel situated in the Laboratory of Thermal storage and Fluids in the Mechanical Engineering Faculty at Unicamp. A numerical study is performed to study the frost formation in the cylindrical system.
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Lin, Ta-Wei, Ming-Chang Wu, Li-Kang Liu, Chun-Jen Fang, and Ying-Huei Hung. "Cooling Performance of Using a Confined Slot Jet Impinging onto Heated Heat Sinks." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 1 (June 4, 2005): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2161426.

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A series of experimental investigations on the studies related to transient- and steady-state cooling performance from the horizontally heated heat sinks with a confined slot jet impingement have been conducted. The relevant parameters influencing the transient convective cooling performance include the steady-state Grashof number, ratio of jet separation distance to nozzle width, ratio of heat sink height to nozzle width, and jet Reynolds number. The transient heat transfer behaviors such as the temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt numbers on the heated heat sinks have been systematically explored. Two empirical correlations of steady-state local and average Nusselt numbers are presented. Furthermore, a complete composite correlation of steady-state average Nusselt number for mixed convection due to jet impingement and buoyancy is proposed. This empirical correlation obtained by data regression is in good agreement with the experimental data. The maximum and average regression errors are 7.46% and 2.87%, respectively.
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TSUZUKI, Nobuyoshi, Yasuyoshi KATO, Yasushi MUTO, Takao ISHIZUKA, Motoaki UTAMURA, and Masanori ARITOMI. "Nusselt Number Correlation of Microchannel Heat Exchanger with S-Shaped Fins." Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 9, no. 1 (2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj.j09.021.

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Taler, Dawid, and Anna Korzen. "Numerical modeling transient response of tubular cross flow heat exchanger." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2016-0406.

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Purpose The paper aims to present the mathematical modeling of plate fin and tube heat exchanger at small Reynolds numbers on the water side. The Reynolds number of the water flowing inside the tubes was varied in the range from 4,000 to 12,000. Design/methodology/approach A detailed analysis of transient response was modeled for the following changes in the operating parameters of the heat exchanger: a reduction in the water volume flow, an increase in the water volume flow and an increase in the water volume flow with a simultaneous reduction in the air flow velocity. Findings The results of the numerical simulation of a heat exchanger by using experimentally determined water-side heat transfer correlation and theoretical correlation derived for the transition tube flow agree very well. The relationship to calculate the air-side Nusselt number was determined experimentally. The correlation for the air-side Nusselt number was the same for the theoretical and experimental water side correlation. Research limitations/implications The correlation for the air-side Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers is based on the experimental data and was determined using the least squares method. Originality/value The form of the relationship that was used to approximate experimentally determined water-side Nusselt numbers is identical to the theoretically derived formula for the transition range. The experiments show that the relationship for the water-side Nusselt number in transition and turbulent flow regime that was obtained using theoretical analysis gives quite satisfactory results.
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Basit, Romana, Xinyang Li, Zheqing Huang, and Qiang Zhou. "Heat Transfer Studies of Arrays of Prolate Particles in Gas-Solid Flows." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6639172.

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Numerical study of forced convection heat transfer from arrays of prolate particles is performed using the second-order Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM). Prolate particle is studied with aspect ratio of 2.5 with solid volume fraction variation from 0.1 to 0.3. For each solid volume fraction, arrays of prolate particles are generated and simulations have been performed to calculate Nusselt number for four different Hermans orientation factors and various Reynolds numbers. From the simulation results, it has been observed that, for any specific value of Hermans orientation factor, Nusselt number increases with the increase of the Reynolds number and solid volume fraction. More importantly, it is found that the effect of orientations on Nusselt number is significant. Nusselt number correlation is developed for ellipsoidal particles as function of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, solid volume fraction, and orientation factors. This correlation is valid for 0.1 ≤ c ≤ 0.3 and 0 < Re ≤ 100 .
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nusselt number correlation"

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Venter, Philip van Zyl. "A supercritical R-744 heat transfer simulation implementing various Nusselt number correlations / Philip van Zyl Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4234.

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During the past decade research has shown that global warming may have disastrous effects on our planet. In order to limit the damage that the human race seems to be causing, it was acknowledged that substances with a high global warming potential (GWP) should be phased out. In due time, R-134a with a GWP = 1300, may probably be phased out to make way for nature friendly refrigerants with a lower GWP. One of these contenders is carbon dioxide, R-744, with a GWP = 1. Literature revealed that various Nusselt number (Nu) correlations have been developed to predict the convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical R-744 in cooling. No proof could be found that any of the reported correlations accurately predict Nusselt numbers (Nus) and the subsequent convection heat transfer coefficients of supercritical R-744 in cooling. Although there exist a number of Nu correlations that may be used for R-744, eight different correlations were chosen to be compared in a theoretical simulation program forming the first part of this study. A water-to-transcritical R-744 tube-in-tube heat exchanger was simulated. Although the results emphasise the importance of finding a more suitable Nu correlation for cooling supercritical R-744, no explicit conclusions could be made regarding the accuracy of any of the correlations used in this study. For the second part of this study experimental data found in literature were used to evaluate the accuracy of the different correlations. Convection heat transfer coefficients, temperatures, pressures and tube diameter were employed for the calculation of experimental Nusselt numbers (Nuexp). The theoretical Nu and Nuexp were then plotted against the length of the heat exchanger for different pressures. It was observed that both Nuexp and Nu increase progressively to a maximal value and then decline as the tube length increases. From these results it were possible to group correlations according to the general patterns of their Nu variation over the tube length. Graphs of Nuexp against Nus, calculated according to the Gnielinski correlation, generally followed a linear regression, with R2 > 0.9, when the temperature is equal or above the pseudocritical temperature. From this data a new correlation, Correlation I, based on average gradients and intersects, was formulated. Then a modification on the Haaland friction factor was used with the Gnielinski correlation to yield a second correlation, namely Correlation II. A third and more advanced correlation, Correlation III, was then formulated by employing graphs where gradients and y-intercepts were plotted against pressure. From this data a new parameter, namely the turning point pressure ratio of cooling supercritical R-744, was defined. It was concluded that the employed Nu correlations under predict Nu values (a minimum of 0.3% and a maximum of 81.6%). However, two of the correlations constantly over predicted Nus at greater tube lengths, i.e. below pseudocritical temperatures. It was also concluded that Correlation III proved to be more accurate than both Correlations I and II, as well as the existing correlations found in the literature and employed in this study. Correlation III Nus for cooling supercritical R-744 may only be valid for a diameter in the order of the experimental diameter of 7.73 mm, temperatures that are equal or above the pseudocritical temperature and at pressures ranging from 7.5 to 8.8 MPa.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Popoola, Olubunmi Tolulope. "Numerical, Analytical, and Experimental Studies of Reciprocating Mechanism Driven Heat Loops for High Heat Flux Cooling." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3505.

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The Reciprocating Mechanism Driven Heat Loop (RMDHL) is a novel heat transfer device that utilizes reciprocating flow, either single-phase or two-phase flow, to enhance the thermal management in high tech inventions. The device attains a high heat transfer rate through a reciprocating flow of the working fluid inside the heat transfer device. Although the concept of the device has been tested and validated experimentally, analytical or numerical studies have not been undertaken to understand its working mechanism and provide guidance for the device design. The objectives of this study are to understand the underlying physical mechanisms of heat transfer in internal reciprocating flow, formulate corresponding heat transfer correlations, conduct an experimental study for the heat transfer coefficient, and numerically model the single-phase and two-phase operations of the RMDHL to predict its performance under different working conditions. The two-phase flow boiling model was developed from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) model, and a virtual loop written in C programming language was used to eliminate the need for fluid structure interaction (FSI) modelling. The accuracy of several turbulence formulations, including the Standard, RNG, and Realizable k-ɛ Models, Standard and SST k-ω Models, Transition k - - ω Model, and Transition SST Model, have been tested in conjunction with a CFD solver to select the most suitable turbulence modelling techniques. The numerical results obtained from the single-phase and two-phase models are compared with relevant experimental data with good agreement. Three-dimensional numerical results indicate that the RMDHL can meaningfully reduce the peak temperature of an electronic device and result in significantly more uniform temperature across the device. In addition to the numerical study, experimental studies in conjunction with analytical studies are undertaken. Experimental data and related heat transfer coefficient as well as practically useful semi-empirical correlations have been produced, all of which provide archival information for the design of heat transfer devices involving a reciprocating flow. In particular, this research will lead to the development of more powerful RMDHLs, achieve a heat flux goal of 600 W/cm2, and significantly advance the thermal management at various levels. Considering the other advantages of coolant leakage free and the absence of cavitation problems, the RMDHL could also be employed for aerospace and battery cooling applications.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nusselt number correlation"

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Sidebotham, George. "Nusselt Number Correlations." In Heat Transfer Modeling, 351–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14514-3_9.

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Taler, Dawid. "Determination of the Local and the Mean Heat Transfer Coefficient on the Inner Surface of a Single Tube and Finding Experimental Correlations for the Nusselt Number Calculation." In Numerical Modelling and Experimental Testing of Heat Exchangers, 469–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91128-1_13.

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Taler, Dawid, Jan Taler, and Marcin Trojan. "The CFD Based Method for Determining Heat Transfer Correlations on Individual Rows of Plate-Fin and Tube Heat Exchangers." In Heat Transfer - Design, Experimentation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97402.

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The chapter provides an analytical mathematical model of a car radiator, which includes different heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) on the first and second row of pipes. The air-side HTCs in the first and second row of pipes in the first and second pass were calculated using the correlations for the Nusselt number, which were determined by CFD simulation using the ANSYS software. Mathematical models of two radiators were built, one of which was manufactured of round tubes and the other of oval tubes. The model permits the determination of thermal output of the first and second row of tubes in the first and second pass. The small relative differences between the thermal capacities of the heat exchanger occur for different and uniform HTCs. However, the heat flow rate in the first row is much greater than the heat flow in the second row if the air-side HTCs are different on the first and second tube row compared to a case where the HTC is uniform in the whole heat exchanger. The heat transfer rates in both radiators calculated using the developed mathematical model were compared with those determined experimentally. The method for modeling of plate-fin and tube heat exchanger (PFTHE) proposed in the paper does not require empirical correlations to calculate HTCs both on the air side and on the inner surfaces of pipes. The presented method of calculating PFTHEs, considering different air-side HTCs evaluated using CFD modeling, may considerably reduce the cost of experimental research concerning new design heat exchangers implemented in manufacturing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nusselt number correlation"

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Ducatti Marson, Rodrigo, José Alexandre Matelli, and Alex Bimbato. "NUSSELT NUMBER EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATION FOR FORCED CONVECTION IN FINNED ASTM TUBES." In 18th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0088.

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Marcio Arêdes Martins and Leandro Soares de Oliveira. "A New Correlation for Conjugate Nusselt Number Applied to Cooling of Apples." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23309.

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Pacio, J., M. Daubner, T. Wetzel, I. Di Piazza, M. Tarantino, D. Martelli, and M. Angelucci. "Experimental Nusselt Number in Rod Bundles Cooled by Heavy-Liquid Metals." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82213.

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A detailed safety assessment of innovative Generation IV reactor designs with heavy-liquid metal coolants, such as lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), requires an evaluation of the maximum core temperature in several postulated scenarios. Considering the complex geometry of fuel assemblies (FAs), and the low Prandtl number of the coolants, this flow scenario is challenging for the models used in numerical simulations, e.g. for relating the turbulent transport of momentum and heat. Thus, reliable experimental data are needed for validation. In recent years, a series of comprehensive heat transfer tests in fuel pin bundle simulators was performed at ENEA (Italy) and KIT (Germany) in the framework of the European collaborative projects THINS and SEARCH. Both grid and wire spacer geometries are considered, in a wide range of operating conditions (temperature, flow velocity and power density) representative of the ALFRED and MYRRHA fuel assemblies, in natural and forced-convective flow regimes. Although different experimental approaches were followed by each group (e.g. thermocouple position and average data treatment), there is a relatively good agreement on results in the overlapping regions. These experimental studies indicate that the mean Nusselt number is in well agreement with the predictions of empirical correlations developed for sodium systems. In particular, for wire-spaced FA, heat transfer results show values close to the Kazimi-Carelli correlation both for low and high flow rates at ENEA and KIT respectively. For grid-spaced FA, results are more in agreement with Ushakov correlation. Furthermore, large temperature differences are measured by thermo-couples installed at selected rods and sub-channels. A discussion on the influences of the spacer design and bundle size is included. This wide comparison allows an overview of the research on the HLM cooled fuel assembly in Europe.
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Haider, Zeeshan, Ahmad Abbas, Jr., Javed Ahmad, Hamza Ikram, Shahid Ali Khan, and Rohaan Mehmood. "EMPIRICAL NUSSELT NUMBER CORRELATION FOR SINGLE PHASE FLOW THROUGH CORRUGATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER." In 3rd Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC). Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tfec2018.che.022154.

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Holling, M., and H. Herwig. "A NEW NUSSELT/RAYLEIGH NUMBER CORRELATION AND WALL FUNCTIONS FOR TURBULENT RAYLEIGH-BÉNARD CONVECTION." In Annals of the Assembly for International Heat Transfer Conference 13. Begell House Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc13.p6.10.

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Gnanasekaran, N., and C. Balaji. "A Correlation for Nusselt Number Under Turbulent Mixed Convection Using Transient Heat Transfer Experiments." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22428.

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This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of transient, turbulent mixed convection in a vertical channel in which one of the walls is heated and the other is adiabatic. The goal is to simultaneously estimate the constants in a Nusselt number correlation whose form is assumed a priori by synergistically marrying the experimental results with repeated numerical calculations that assume guess values of the constants. The convective heat transfer coefficient “h” is replaced by the Nusselt number (Nu) which is then assumed to have a form Nu = a (1+RiD) b ReDc where a, b and c are the constants to be evaluated. From the experimentally obtained temperature time history and the simulated temperature time history, based on some guess values of a, b, and c, one can define the objective function or the residue as the sum of the square of the difference between experimentally obtained and simulated temperatures. Using Bayesian inference driven by the Markov chain Monte Carlo method, one, more or all of the constants a, b and c are retrieved together with the uncertainty involved in these estimates. Additionally, the estimated parameters are compared with experimental benchmarks.
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Lee, P. S., S. K. Chou, and Y. J. Lee. "Optimization of the Thermal Performance of Microchannel Heat Sinks Using Thermally Developing Nusselt Number Correlation." In 2008 10th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2008.4763490.

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Shaver, Dillon R., Lane B. Carasik, Elia Merzari, Nate Salpeter, and Edward Blandford. "Calculation of Friction Factors and Nusselt Numbers for Twisted Elliptical Tube Heat Exchangers Using Nek5000." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83477.

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The development of fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactors (FHRs) for nuclear power generation relies on the development of new technologies. Of the potential options being explored, twisted elliptical tube geometries for heat exchanger design are promising based on usage in other industries. They are expected to offer significant enhancement in heat transfer with only a marginal increase in frictional losses. This allows them to be deployed in relatively compact designs that are well suited for FHRs. The presented work focuses on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of heated molten salt flows through various twisted elliptical tube geometries at low modified Froude numbers. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the available correlations at lower Froude numbers and to determine the impact of using non-zero tube to tube spacing to resolve contact points or numerical singularities for future CFD simulations efforts The spectral element CFD code Nek5000 was used for all simulations, which were performed in periodic domains of triangular (hexagonal) and square unit cells surrounding a single tube through a complete twist using an explicit filtering large eddy simulation (LES) method. Simulations were used to para-metrically test the effects of tube-to-tube spacing for laminar and turbulent flow regimes on frictional pressure drop and heat transfer. The tested Reynolds numbers covered both laminar flow and fully developed turbulent flow (90 < Re < 12200). The tested SL/dmax ratios cover the range of 1.02 to 1.08 for both unit cell types. At moderate Reynolds number and comparitively high modified Froude number, excellent agreement for the Nusselt number was observed between simulations and the applicable correlation. As Froude number was decreased towards the bounds of the correlation, the agreement worsened. Cases were then simulated at low Froude number, testing the effects of tube spacing. It was determined that the laminar case for the square unit cell is the most affected by increasing SL/dmax and the gap size should be minimized to mitigate this. Whereas in the triangular unit cell the laminar flow regime is more significantly impacted by increasing SL/dmax compared to the turbulent flow regime which was only marginally impacted.
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Saidi, Mohammad S., Firooz Rasouli, and Mohammad R. Hajaligol. "Heat Transfer Coefficient for a Packed Bed of Shredded Materials." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42011.

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Heat transfer coefficient of packed beds of shredded materials such as biomass fuels at low Peclet numbers is of interest. Due to the dependence of flow distribution on particle shape, the application of the Nusselt number correlation of packed bed of spherical particles overestimates the rate of heat transfer. This discrepancy is even more pronounced due to channeling effect at low Peclet numbers. Here, based on applying a pore submodel and combining the numerical simulation and experimental results of a cylindrical packed bed, a new correlation is derived for apparent Nusselt number of the packed bed of shredded materials. The correlation is approximated by a power law formulation for Pecelt &lt; 25. The Nusselt number calculated from this correlation is in a good agreement with other experimental data.
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Wu, M. C., Y. C. Lee, C. H. Peng, C. J. Fang, and Y. H. Hung. "Cooling Performance of Plain-Plate-Fin Heat Sinks With Slot Jet Impingement." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13751.

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An experimental investigation on the thermal performance of slot jet impinging onto fully-confined and partially-confined heat sinks with plain-plate fins (ppf) is presented. The relevant parameters influencing the convective cooling performance with slot jet impingement include the ratio of heat sink height to jet separation distance (Hs/H), ratio of heat sink height to nozzle width (Hs/Wj) and jet Reynolds number (Rej). The thermal performance of fully-confined ppf heat sinks (Hs/H=1) is experimentally investigated. Besides, an effective theoretical model based on a developing channel flow with an impinging effect is successfully proposed to predict the average Nusselt numbers of fully-confined ppf heat sinks. Furthermore, a new correlation of average Nusselt numbers in terms of Hs/Wj and Rej is proposed for the cases of fully-confined ppf heat sinks. For partially-confined cases, a normalized Nusselt number, [Equation]Nuj/[Equation]Nuj,Hs/H=1, is showed only dependent on Hs/H in the present study. A new correlation of [Equation]Nuj/[Equation]Nuj,Hs/H=1 in terms of Hs/H is proposed. This result manifests that the Nusselt numbers of partially-confined ppf heat sinks can properly be evaluated with the Nusselt numbers of fully-confined heat sinks and the normalized [Equation]Nuj/[Equation]Nuj,Hs/H=1 ratios. Finally, a generalized correlation of average Nusselt numbers in terms of Hs/H, Hs/Wj and Rej, which can be applied to both fully-confined and partially-confined heat sinks, is proposed. The maximum and average deviations between the correlations and the experimental data are 19.7% as well as 4.6%, respectively.
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