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Journal articles on the topic 'Oblast state archives'
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1
Nepliuev, P. A. "REVIEW OF THE ARCHIVAL FUNDS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS FROM THE 1960s TO THE 1980s." Вестник Пермского университета. История 63, no. 4 (2023): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-4-74-80.
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The article presents a review of Russian archival funds related to the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the activities of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (hereinafter VOOPIK, or the Society). The study is based on materials from various state organizations, including the State Ar-chive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Perm State Archive of Socio-Political History (PermGASPI), the State Archive of the Perm Krai (GAPK), the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Oblast (CDOOSO), the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Oblast (OGACHO), and the Perm Museum of Local Lore (PKM). The relevance of the study lies in the growing interest of the state, academia and society in both grassroots activism and mass voluntary organizations in the late Soviet Union. The Soviet experience is particularly valuable as many of its initiatives are being revisited in contemporary Russian reality. The main basis for Soviet studies are ar-chival sources, which are regularly introduced into academic circulation. The aim of the article is to study and classi-fy archival sources on the above topic. In addition to the review, the article provides a brief historiographical over-view of the problem's research status, as well as a historical note on the activities of the VOOPIK. The author identi-fies several types of sources in archival funds and provides a brief description of each. An important role in studying the activity of Soviet mass organizations is played by the determination of the levels of research – from the republi-can (RSFSR) to regional (oblast, krai, ASSR) and grassroots (district, city) levels. This division justifies the use of both central and regional archives, as the archival sources from Central Archive (GARF) provide an understanding of the specifics of the functioning of the central apparatus of the VOOPIK, while the sources of regional archives recre-ate a picture of activism on “grassroots level” where the main productive activities of the Society took place. When using archives of different levels, one can change the optics of research and study VOOPIK from different angles. The study pays particular attention to the “Letters to VOOPIK” written by Soviet citizens to authorities, media, and voluntary organizations regarding the protection of historical and cultural heritage. These letters, which were a com-mon practice in Soviet everyday life, can shed light on the motives and goals of the activists.
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Krinko, Evgeniy F., and Ksenia V. Sak. "“HOUSES OF TOLERANCE” IN THE ROSTOV AND STALINO OBLASTS DURING THE 1942–1943 GERMAN OCCUPATION." Ural Historical Journal 79, no. 2 (2023): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-106-115.
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The article deals with the organization and functioning of the Nazi brothels in the occupied territory of the Rostov and Stalino (Donetsk) Oblasts during the Great Patriotic War. In the conditions of the “war of annihilation” and the “new order”, Soviet women found themselves in an exceptional situation of double gender discrimination: as “Untermensch” and as “trophies”. One of the forms of sexual collaboration was working in legal “brothel houses”. Formally “girls” were considered one of the most protected groups of the population in the occupation: they received significant income, rations, medical care, and a guarantee from being sent to Germany. In Soviet society, such women became outcasts. The authors analyze the opening of brothels in the Rostov region in and in the city of Stalino, their organizers, main and attendant staff, working conditions and venereal diseases of women. The study is based on the documents from two state archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fund of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Atrocities of the German Fascist Invaders and Their Accomplices and the Damage They Caused to Citizens, Collective Farms, Public Organizations, State Enterprises and Institutions of the USSR) and the State Archive of the Rostov Oblast (fund of the Commission for Accounting for Damage and Atrocities inflicted by the German Fascist Occupants on Institutions, Enterprises and Citizens of the City of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov Oblast). These documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors relied on the approaches of gender history, military daily life and historical anthropology.
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Makeeva, Ecaterina Dmitrievna. "Regional and local authorities’ activity in the field of nature protection in 1918-1950s (on materials of the archives of the Middle and Lower Volga region)." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (2016): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164212.
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The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.
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Roguski, Rafał. "Sprawozdanie Komendy Policji Państwowej na Małopolskę za styczeń 1920 r." Historia i Świat, no. 9 (October 30, 2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2020.09.13.
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The presented text concerns the source material describing the internal security of Galicia, here referred to as Małopolska. The document comes from the collection of the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Ukraine – the collection of the Provincial Office in Lviv. This is a monthly report of the State Police Headquarters in Małopolska for January 1920.
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Огуренко, Е. В. "EVOLUTION OF THE REGIONAL ARCHIVAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE MIDDLE URALS DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD (1918–1991)." Гуманитарные науки в Сибири 31, no. 2 (2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/hss20240212.
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В статье рассматриваются становление и развитие системы региональных архивных учреждений в 1918–1991 гг. На базе методологии исторического институционализма (historical institutionalism) последовательно анализируются государственная политика, законодательная и нормативная база, организационная структура и основные направления деятельности архивных учреждений. История архивной службы Среднего Урала представляется типичной схемой развития регионального архивного управления в стране. На значительном архивном материале показано, что эволюция архивной отрасли в Советском Союзе прошла ряд этапов, специфика которых заключалась в изменении государственных интересов, информационных потребностей общества и технологического развития. Исследование опирается на материалы Государственного архива Свердловской области. The present article examines the problem of managing archival institutions and archival information resources in the Soviet society using the example of an analysis of the work of the archival service of the Sverdlovsk Oblast, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019. In September 1919, the Archival Department of the Yekaterinburg Governorate was formed (the Governorate was created in July of the same year). In 1923–1934, the Ural Oblast was formed in the territory of the former Perm Governorate. The Sverdlovsk Oblast appeared in 1934 as a result of the dissolution of the Ural Oblast, consisting of 60 districts. The purpose of this work is to analyze the main stages in the development of the regional archival management system in the USSR. The evolution of archival bodies is considered by the example of regional archival structures located in the territory of the Middle Urals and successively replacing each other – the Yekaterinburg Governorate (1919–1923), the Ural Oblast (1923–1934) and the Sverdlovsk Oblast (1934–1991). The system of state archives management was established at the stage of creation of the Soviet state during the socio-political transformations of 1917–1920. It is possible to distinguish three consecutive stages of system evolution; within each stage, its own model for managing archival information is formed. The description of the model includes characteristics of government policy, legislative framework, organizational structure and priorities in the activities of archives. The first stage (1918–1938) coincided with the period of formation of Soviet statehood and experiments in the field of archival construction. For the Middle Urals, this stage was marked by serious administrative and territorial transformations, which influenced the structure of the archival network of the entire region. The second stage (1939–1960) was characterized by over-centralization of the entire state organism, which significantly influenced the structure of archival fonds and the practice of their use. During this period, the archival service of the Sverdlovsk Oblast was reorganized and aimed at prioritizing provision for information needs of government agencies. The third stage (1961–1991) is distinguished by the stable and progressive development of the archival system and archival science. It was during this period that the most intensive work of archival institutions in the Middle Urals occurred. In conclusion, the article highlights the problems and contradictions in the development of the archival industry in the USSR in 1918–1991.
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Glushkov, Aleksandr V. "Voluntary labor migrants in the timber industry of Molotov Oblast in the 1950s: pull factors." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 498 (2024): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/498/8.
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In the late 1940s–1950s, thousands of labor migrants arrived in Molotov Oblast of the USSR to work in the local timber industry. This process became part of a broad government campaign to redistribute labor within the country. However, the resettlement was voluntary, which inevitably led to extensive campaigns to attract personnel. For Molotov Oblast, the “donor” regions were Kaluga and Gorky Oblasts of the RSFSR, the Chuvash and Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as a number of regions of the Byelorussian SSR. Therefore, the campaign, carried out by regional and district authorities, was primarily aimed at residents of these regions. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors influencing their choice to migrate. The article is based on a wide range of sources, which include materials from three archives (State Archive of Perm Krai, Perm State Archive of Social and Political History, and Komi-Permyak District State Archive) – decisions, protocols, memos and other office documents – that shed light on the progress of the resettlement campaign. The second group of sources is materials from periodicals, in particular, the newspaper Lesnik Prikamya [Forester of the Kama Region], the official press organ of the Molotovles plant. The third group of sources is propaganda materials on the topic of resettlement, published in Molotov Oblast in the 1950s. These materials allow us not only to draw a conclusion about the approximate number of migrants who arrived in Molotov Oblast, the scale of return migration, and the progress of improvement of forest settlements, but also to identify a number of factors that had the greatest influence on the resettlement process. First of all, this is an opportunity to improve the financial situation of the family, which was achieved both by direct benefits (payments, loans, etc.) and by high earnings at a new place of work. Secondly, although the general progress of improvement in places of resettlement did not keep pace with the development of the industry, potential migrants were not informed about this, expecting comfortable conditions for work, life and leisure. Thirdly, based on propaganda materials, we can conclude that an additional motive for resettlement could have been the desire to help the homeland: patriotic motives in the postwar period continued to play an important role in public life. Finally, we can highlight the “adventure” component of migration: the mysterious forest region from Pavel Bazhovs fairy tales, rich in “green gold”, attracted migrants from central Russia, although this could hardly serve as the main motive. The action of all of these factors was impossible without active agitation and propaganda in places where migrants were recruited; therefore, the mid-1950s in the USSR saw the peak of agitation campaigns aimed at potential migrants.
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Fedczuk, Rev Oleksandr. "Materials on the History of Neo-Union in the State Archives of Volyn Oblast." Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne 122 (June 29, 2024): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/abmk.17085.
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Publikacja poświęcona jest problematyce neounii, czyli ruchu religijnego rozwijającego się w międzywojennej Polsce od 1924 roku, a w województwie wołyńskim od 1925 roku. Celem artykułu jest analiza materiałów działu bezpieczeństwa Wołyńskiego Urzędu Wojewódzkiego, przechowywanych w Archiwum Państwowym Obwodu Wołyńskiego (Łuck, Ukraina), gdzie znajdują się informacje o neounii. O przydatności takich badań świadczy brak kwerend naukowych odnoszących się do tego tematu, a także do zagadnienia o ogólnym rozwoju neounii na Wołyniu. Z przeprowadzonej analizy zasobu archiwalnego wynika, że nie ma w nim zbyt wielu materiałów niezbędnych do badania historii neounii, ale mimo tego ma on istotną wartość. Chodzi o archiwalia opisujące rozwój parafii neounijnych, a także ocenę ruchu neounijnego na Wołyniu przez władze administracji wojewódzkiej i starostwa. Szereg dokumentów wyraźnie charakteryzuje duchowieństwo neounijne spośród byłych kapłanów prawosławnych, których słusznie uznaje się za winnych upadku ruchu neounijnego na Wołyniu. Nie da się przeprowadzić badań jakościowych poszczególnych parafii unickich, które powstały w latach 30. XX wieku bez wykorzystania dokumentów ze wspomnianego zasobu archiwalnego. Źródła te dostarczają niezbędnego wglądu w dynamikę i ewolucję neounii w tym regionie.
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Okonov, Baatr A. "Репрессии против комсомола Калмыкии во 2-й половине 1930-х гг." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, № 3 (2020): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-384-397.
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Introduction. The paper deals with repressions against Kalmykia’s Komsomol in the late 1930. It examines archival materials of the Kalmyk ASSR, and explores a definitely troubled period in the development of the regional organization of All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. From the earliest days Komsomol communities had been regularly cleansed. In official discourse, such measures were interpreted as essentials aimed to exclude unreliable individuals, improve community cohesion, and facilitate further Socialist construction activities. According to documents issued by the 4th Plenary Assembly of Komsomol Central Committee and 14th Kalmyk Oblast Komsomol Conference, those were Komsomol executives and activists who were actually repressed. Goals. The article aims to analyze the repressive procedures initiated. Materials and Methods. Considered are unpublished documents held by National Archive of Kalmykia (Collection П-22 — archives of Kalmyk Oblast Komsomol Committee), and some other published materials. The work employs the chronological and problem-chronological research methods that proved instrumental in identifying features specific for repressive measures against local Komsomol members. Results and Conclusions. The 1930s political repressions against Komsomol in Kalmykia were directly related to ones against party-state and economic executives of the region. Admitting to ‘have participated in a bourgeois-nationalist organization’, Communist and Komsomol executives gave rise to further mass and dramatic cleanses.
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Shlyakhova, Valeria V. "ORGANIZATIONAL SPECIFICS OF DEVELOPING THE SYSTEMS OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN THE 1920s. (CASE STUDY: ORYOL GOVERNORATE)." Vestnik Altaiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogiceskogo Universiteta, no. 60 (September 27, 2024): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2413-4481-2024-3-102-108.
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The paper presents an analysis of laying down the organizational foundations for training qualified workers and technicians in the first half of the 1920s. In addition to issues that were relevant in Russia as a whole, the paper considers organizational specifics of vocational educational institutions that were developing at the regional level. Based on a cross-analysis of materials from the State Archives of the Oryol Oblast, conclusions are proposed regarding the conditions and features of the formation of a network of vocational educational institutions in the Oryol Governorate, as well as the feasibility of using this historical experience at the present tense.
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Ageeva, Valentina A., Marina I. Zhbannikova, and Nikolay A. Trapsh. "Don Ostarbeiters with Turkic Identity: Some Outcomes of Heuristic Reconstructions." Oriental Studies 17, no. 4 (2024): 770–81. https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-74-4-770-781.
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Introduction. The article introduces original research reconstructions consistently aimed at identifying individuals of Turkic origin who had resided in Rostov Oblast before they were relocated for forced labor to the Third Reich. The approach is not that traditional for Russia’s historiographic tradition that primarily addresses systemic analyses of such issues in political, social and territorial perspectives. The study involves a total of six Soviet citizens whose personal portraits have been reconstructed to the greatest possible extent with the aid of available historical evidence. Materials and methods. Empirical data to shape some objective outcomes of heuristic endeavors have been collected from different documentary sections within the State Archive of Rostov Oblast (including its Taganrog Branch), Center for Contemporary Historical Documents (Rostov-on-Don), Center for Archival Documents (Shakhty), city archives of Lüdenscheid and Münster (Germany). The methodological basis is formed by traditional microhistorical approaches aimed at securing detailed reconstructions of local anthropological images united by a common sociocultural feature. Results and conclusions. The conducted study makes it possible to specify some significant aspects of criminal efforts undertaken by Nazi occupation authorities across Rostov Oblast ― in the form of involuntary deportations for forced labor to Germany. The paper confirms ethnic, religious or social identities of a potential Ostarbeiter were of no essential significance for authorized structures of the Third Reich, the latter having been exclusively focused on testing individual abilities for heavy physical work. There is also a comprehensive insight into the inhumane conditions of everyday life experienced by displaced Soviet citizens who formed an important part to the labor forces exploited by the Nazi regime ― only to be deprived of basic human rights. The considered representatives of Turkic origin not only
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Yakunin, Vadim. "State-Church Relations and the Religious Situation in a Provincial Town in 1997–2003 (On the Example of Tolyatti)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.5.
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Introduction. The goal of the article is to investigate the nature and assess the results of statechurch relations in Tolyatti after the implementation of the Federal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” of September 26, 1997. Materials and Methods. In order to implement the goal of the research, we used the materials of the municipal public institution “Tolyatti Archive” (orders and resolutions of the mayor of Tolyatti), data from periodicals, memoirs of contemporaries, materials of the current archive of the Samara diocesan administration closed to the public (reports of the ruling Bishop of the Samara diocese to the Moscow Patriarchate), materials from the author’s personal archive: reports of the assistant governors of Samara Oblast on religious issues reports of both secular and ecclesiastical officials on the religious situation in Samara Oblast and Tolyatti, other official and unofficial documents, many of which, due to their specificity, do not end up in Church or secular archives (correspondence between the heads of local religious organizations with Tolyatti Duma and City Hall officials; protocols of City Hall meetings on religious issues and the protocols of meetings in the religious organizations, which were conducted by the author). The research methodology includes the method of document analysis. Analysis. The construction of churches, the development of educational institutions, the opening of a monastery, guardianship and fraternities, and the publication of religious periodicals continued in 1997–2003. For Tolyatti’s clergy and believers, the preparation and celebration of the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ was an opportunity to express themselves in the media, increase the number of parishes and ask the authorities for assistance in solving various life issues including financial assistance. The Orthodox clergy also hoped to solve the problem of various religious organizations and sects functioning on the territory of Tolyatti, which they considered their canonical territory, with the help of the authorities. Results. With the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity, Orthodox religious organizations strengthened their position in society, established a dialogue with business and government, and gained advantages over other religious organizations in all matters. It was connected with both the allocation of land for temples and their subsequent financing.
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CHOTARI, Juriy. "ILONA ZRÍNYI, THE SYMBOL OF FREEDOM AND COURAGE." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-81-89.
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The article describes the important moments of life and active political activity of one prominent female figure in the history of Transcarpathian region – Countess Ilona Zrínyi, who lived in Mukachevo in the 17th century and protected Mukachevo Castle from the Austrian invaders. The Countess' personality is also shown as a symbol of freedom and courage, which was especially emphasized during the siege of Mukachevo Castle by the Habsburgs in the second half of the 17th century (1685–1688). The article analyses eleven original letters written by Ilona Zrínyi before the siege of Mukachevo Castle. They testify to the connection between the Countess and the leadership of the Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day territory of Transcarpathian region). They are stored in the Berehove Branch of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast. These letters are important sources of evidence of Europe-wide history of our region. In the final part of the present article we have collected evidence based on press material and documents in the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast describing the so-called «Ilona-days», i.e. celebrations commemorating the personality of the great political and historical figure, Countess Ilona Zrínyi. All the official documents provide proof of the fact of how local people of Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day Transcarpathia) loved and deeply respected the countess for her courage to fight for freedom against the Habsburgs, for her never-ending feeling of responsibility for her nation, and attentive care for her own motherland. During the siege of Mukachevo Castle with Ilona Zrínyi had her son, Ferenc Rákóczi II with her, who was still a child. The siege at that time taught the future leader of the liberation struggle of 1703–1711 to be courageous, and to love his motherland. Further research into sources related to Ilona Zríny’s activities may continue in the archives of Hungary and other countries as she unsuccessfully sought to form an international anti-Habsburg coalition. Keywords Countess Ilona Zrínyi, Mukachevo Castle, Transcarpathian history.
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Razyhrayev, Oleh. "Działalność Stefanii Sempołowskiej na rzecz pomocy więźniom komunistycznym w II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych z Litwy i Białorusi." Polonia Maior Orientalis 11 (November 27, 2024): 355–65. https://doi.org/10.4467/27204006pmo.24.016.20310.
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Stefania Sempołowska była nie tylko znaną polską oświatową, społeczną oraz polityczną działaczką, ale również opiekunką więźniów politycznych w penitencjarnych zakładach Imperium Rosyjskiego oraz II Rzeczypospolitej. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia dokumenty pochodzące ze zbiorów placówek archiwalnych Litwy i Białorusi – Litewskiego Centralnego Archiwum Historycznego oraz Archiwum Państwowego Obwodu Brzeskiego w Brześciu. Dotyczą one różnych przejawów opieki Stefanii Sempołowskiej nad więziami komunistycznymi, tak w województwach wschodnich (północno- -wschodnich) II Rzeczpospolitej, jaki i jej działalności jako delegatki Rosyjskiego Czerwonego Krzyża w skale ogólnopaństwowej. Activities of Stefania SempołOwska in Assisting Communist Prisoners in the Second Republic in the Light of Documents From the Archives of Lithuania and Belarus: Stefania Sempołowska was not only a well-known Polish educational, social and political activist, but also a protector of political prisoners in the penitentiaries of the Russian Empire and the Second Polish Republic. This article presents documents from the collections of Lithuanian and Belarusian archival institutions - the Brest Oblast State Archive and the Lithuanian Central Historical Archive. They relate to the various forms of Stefania Sempołowska’s assist for communist prisoners both in the eastern (north-eastern) voivodeships of the Second Polish Republic and her activities as a delegate of the Russian Red Cross on a national scale.
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Kakovkina, Olha. "<b>Ukrainian-Vietnamese relations 1960–1980s based on the materials of state archives of Dnipropetrovsk oblast</b>." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 6, no. 1-2 (2023): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.15421/26230610.
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The article is devoted to the participation of Ukrainian cities and regions in international relations of the USSR period. The purpose of the research is to find out the information resource of sources from the State Archives of Dnipropetrovsk oblast for the study of Ukrainian-Vietnamese relations as a component of relations between the USSR and Vietnam in the 1960s – 1980s. Methods used in the study: local history, historical and comparative, biographical, descriptive. Main results. Unpublished sources of State Archives of Dnipropetrovsk oblast reveal two thematic blocks: the first, dedicated to the role of Ukrainian enterprises in the development of economic relations between the USSR and Vietnam, the second – to the figure of Maya Kashel (1940–1987), a resident of Dnipropetrovsk (now Dnipro), who independently mastered English and Vietnamese and became a translator of works by Vietnamese writers and poets into Ukrainian. The analysed documents from the fund of the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of Ukraine testify dynamic Ukrainian-Vietnamese ties in the educational and industrial sphere in the 1960s-1980s, when numerous enterprises of the Ukrainian metallurgical industry were used as a base for training Vietnamese specialists. A prominent figure in Ukrainian-Vietnamese relations since the mid-1960s was Maya Kashel, who made a significant contribution to the popularization of Vietnamese culture, especially literature, in Ukraine and the USSR. Her translation activity was accompanied by correspondence with numerous recipients from Vietnam, providing of humanitarian and financial assistance, and publications in the local press of works by Vietnamese writers and her own poems dedicated to the Vietnam War. Conclusions. The “Vietnamese page” in the history of Dnipro and the region, and Ukraine as a whole, represents a separate aspect of relations with Vietnam in the second half of the 20th century, and has the prospect of further study, in particular through the use of unpublished sources from Ukrainian archives. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in scientific and teaching work, activities of local governments in the development of international relations of Dnipropetrovsk region with Vietnamese economic partners, etc. The scientific novelty of the research is in determining the place of Dnipropetrovsk and region in the development of Ukrainian-Vietnamese relations in the 1960s – 1980s. Type of article: empirical, review.
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Vashchuk, Dmytro. "Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations". Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo 2021, № 6 (2021): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ul2021.06.181.
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The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.
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Shcheglova, T. K. "Practices of the formation of historical consciousness in the veteran and student social movement of Altai Krai in the 1960s–1980s." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(66) (September 15, 2024): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2024-66-3-18.
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In the paper, an analysis is carried out on the commemorative practices of the formation of historical con-sciousness on the basis of studying and constructing memory about the Russian Civil War in Altai Krai (south of Western Siberia). The separation of the periods of the 1960s and 1970s–1980s is determined by the succession of generations. The sources of the research comprised the materials from the central (the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation) and regional state archives of Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai, and holdings of the museum of the Barnaul Civil Engineering College and author's field materials. As theoretic-conceptual approaches, the biographical method was used, which allowed it to reveal the traits of the Soviet man as a construct of the Soviet era, and the principle of regionalism for the analysis of anthropological aspects in par-ticular socio-cultural conditions. In the research, the conceptual framework of the scientific field of ‘anthropology of memory’ was employed: social, historic and cultural memory, communications, and commemorations. The comparison of the social practices shows that at the first stage, owing to the veteran cause, military-revolutionary events were se-lected for the formation of historical consciousness. Another aspect of work was popularisation of the partisan move-ment through communicative channels: meetings, gala evenings, interviews, public rallies, and other collective forms of communication with rural community, youth and government. A comparison of the work of ‘fathers’ and ‘sons’ showed that the succession manifested in the strive to eternalise and popularise memory of the heroes of the Russian Civil War; translation of military-revolutionary events from social memory into cultural memory in the form of monuments and me-morial places became a new tendency in the work on perpetuating the memory.
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Vorontsov, Vladimir S. "On Publication of the Documents Collection “On the Basis of Self-Determination… To the 100th Anniversary of Statehood of Udmurtia”." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2022): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-297-304.
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The article reviews the documents collection “On the principles of statehood,” prepared by the archivists of Udmurtia in 2020 and dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the statehood of the Udmurt people. The review shows that for regional historiography, this publication is almost the first experience of publishing of documents by type. It publishes minutes of the first national-cultural organizations and Udmurt congresses, general meetings and gatherings of citizens, Soviet and party bodies of 1917–21, which highlight the history of preparation and creation of the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast. The structure of the collection is described, and the documents included are characterized. In addition to documents from the Udmurt archives, the collection also includes documents from federal archives and those of neighboring regions. The first section includes documents of the Udmurt national movement of 1917 – the first half of 1918. The second section contains documents on the initial stage of the self-determination process of the Udmurt people covering the period from June 1918 to August 1920. The third section includes documents on formation of the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (VAO) from preparation and adoption of the decree on November 4, 1920 to the First Congress of Soviets of the VAO. It should be noted, that photo documents included in the collection complement the text nicely. It is concluded that the documents in the new edition sufficiently cover the realization of the right of the Udmurt people to self-determination. The review appreciates the scientific and reference apparatus of the collection. A detailed introductory article contributes to a deeper understanding of the sources. Extensive notes prepared by the compilers help navigating the documents and supplement their content, expanding the regional context and integrating it into the Russian historical process. The appendices are analyzed. They include lists of participants of the congresses and biographical data on the most active figures of the national-state construction. It is concluded that the reviewed collection adequately replenishes the source base on the early Soviet history of the region. It contributes to intensification of the study of the history of national politics and national-state construction in the first years of Soviet power and can also be used in the educational process in the educational institutions of Udmurtia.
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Ermatsans, Irina A., Yurii L. Bolotsky, and Ivan Yu Bolotsky. "Dinosaurs from the quarry: a history of the first studies of dinosaurs in the amur region (1949–1951)." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 45, no. 1 (2024): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205960624010022.
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The article attempts to reconstruct the history of discovery of one the richest Cretaceous dinosaur excavation sites in Russia, situated in the Blagoveschensk locality in the Amur Oblast, based on the materials of the state, personal, and museum archives, and on information from the periodicals. Analysis of the archive materials allowed to identify the individuals involved in this discovery and in the studies of this dinosaur site. These include: Igor Bastrykin, a schoolboy who made the initial discovery; geologists and paleontologists A. Z. Lazarev, A. K. Rozhdestvenskii, N. S. Shevyreva, and V. A. Presnyakov; military man P. I. Bastrykin; museum staff members G. S. Novikov-Daurskii and A. G. Udod; and a teacher at a higher education institution, F. S. Shavrin. The correspondence of G. S. Novikov-Daurskii, a renowned local historian, and the reports prepared by the geologist A. Z. Lazarev and the paleontologist A. K. Rozhdestvenskii helped to reconstruct the historical and cultural environment in which the first paleontological studies were carried out in 1949–1951. The analysis of the sources allowed establishing that the investigation of the region by scientific and local studies’ societies in 1859–1951 paved the way for the successful paleontological research in the Amur Region in the 1980s – 2020s.
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VARADI, Natalia. "THE HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION OF 1956 IN THE KGB DOCUMENTS: THE CASE OF TWO ARCHIVES." Contemporary era 10 (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2022-10-170-184.
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The article deals with the general analysis of documents on the history of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which are in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine and the State Archive of Transcarpathian Oblast. It is the first attempt to show the documents about the deportation of Hungarian citizens to the Soviet Union and to present the reactions of the local Transcarpathian Hungarian nation to the events of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, and it also highlights the actions of the authorities that were aimed at the purposeful total ideological control and thus influenced the formation of the general public’s opinion about the surrounding events. The main aim of the study is to show the deportations of the Hungarian revolutionists to the Soviet Union in 1956 through archival documents and to introduce the political leaflet distributor groups in Transcarpathia, which were formed during the Hungarian war of independence in 1956. There are archival documents containing different data about the behavior of the Hungarian population in Transcarpathia related to the Hungarian events. The documents also provide information about the punishments that concerned the Hungarian groups engaged in politics. These documents reveal that the political general headquarters in Uzhhorod had been operating for a long time after Hungary was invaded by the command of Moscow. It is possible to argue that the process of exploring the sources relating to the retaliation after the revolution of 1956 has not been finished yet, there are still hundreds of archival documents, mainly in Ukraine and in the former Soviet Union Archives, which still need to be explored. However, besides getting to know the real facts of the history of the Revolution in 1956, it is important to perceive that, despite the oppression, there were people in Transcarpathia too, who dared to be brave, to believe, and protest. And there were ones who paid with their lives for justice. Because of participating in the revolution, many people were arrested, sentenced, imprisoned, deported, and executed. Their truth and role should be clarified.
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Kotlyar, Yuriy. "Women of Southern Ukraine in the peasant uprisings of the first third of the 20th century." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 3, no. 1 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26200105.
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The purpose of the article is to show the participation of Ukrainian women in the peasant rebel movement in the South of Ukraine. Methods of research: ideographic, historical-typological and historical-comparative. Main results. The women’s movement, which manifested itself with particular force in the critical periods of history – the Ukrainian Revolution, the removal of church values and collectivization should be considered as a significant part of the South-Ukrainian rebellion. For the past years, the role of women in rebel movement of peasants has not been a subject of a separate historical study. Only in recent years, the activities of women in the times of Atamanschyna and the confrontation of various authorities in Ukraine has attracted the attention of historians. The article attempts to consider a gender aspect of insurgent movement of Southern Ukraine population. The more tragic the situation in Ukraine was, the more women participated in armed struggle, in particular, in the ranks of peasant insurgent detachments. Revolutionary uprisings took place mainly in the period of the Ukrainian Revolution. They were supported by women having an active life position. It is important to study the life of six “Marusya atamans”: Marusya Sokolovska, “Black Marusya”, Maria Kosova, “Bloody Maria”, Maria Tarasenko, Marusya (Maria Nikiforova).The religious women’s uprisings took place in Mykolayiv region in the spring of 1922 during the requisition of church values, when women resisted their carrying off in Otbedo-Vasylivska volost. The “Case” of Barmashova had the greatest resonance which was transformed from criminal to political one. In the South of Ukraine, the most famous female riots in 1929 took place in Birzulsky district of Odessa Oblast (Region). The problems of women in the Makhno insurgent movement requires a special study. It is important because, for example, the fate of G. Kuzmenko (the wife of N. Makhno) is learned to a greater or lesser extent, but the activity of other women is covered superficially. The author believes that the study of the rebel movement active participants’ biographies, involving the methods of other sciences, psychology in particular, is a prospective one. Originality: unpublished eyewitness testimonies from the Personal Archives of the Priest Rak Valentin of Church of the Nativity of Christ, Vasilivka village’as well as materials from the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine and the State Archives of Mykolayiv Oblast (Region) are used. Scientific novelty: the typology of women’s uprisings in the South of Ukraine is proposed for the first time – revolutionary, religious and women’s riots. Type of the article: descriptive-analytical.
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Burdin, Evgeniy Anatolevich, and Kirill Vladimirovich Safin. "Russian Orthodox Churches in Birlya and Taburnoe Villages of the Ulyanovsk Oblast." Ethnic Culture 3, no. 4 (2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-100337.
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The article reflects the results of research on the topic «History and cultural heritage of the settlements of the Ulyanovsk region." The subject of the research is the history of the St. Michael the Archangel's Church and the Kazan-Mother of God church in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoe (now belonging to Melekessky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The purpose of the article is to identify the most important periods of the above-mentioned churches from the end of the 19-th century to the 1950-s, to establish the composition of the clergy, and the educational work of the clergy among the population. Analysis of unpublished documents from the Central State Archives of the Samara Region allowed to establish: the ethnic composition of the settlements, socio-economic status of inhabitants, reasons and patterns of migration of the local population; the foundation and liquidation dates of the churches, facts of life of church ministers and parish; statistical data on the economic structure of the clergy. The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches in the villages of Birlya and Taburnoye are lost monuments of the Orthodox cultural heritage. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk and Kazan-Mother of God churches were built, respectively, at the end of the 19th century. and destroyed in the first half of the 1950-s. in connection with the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and their location is flooded by a reservoir.
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Khatanzeiskaya, Elizaveta Vladimirovna. "Arkhangelsk Commercial Club (Marfa’s House) as a center of European culture of the port city of Arkhangelsk of the late XIX – early XX centuries." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 11 (November 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2019.11.31508.
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This article is dedicated to the Arkhangelsk Commercial Club (Marfa&rsquo;s House) &ndash; a cultural center of the port city during the late XIX &ndash; early XX centuries. The author traces the fates of the representatives of Western European dynasties of merchants and tradesmen who dwelled in the port city for several centuries and were subjected to repressions during the World War I and Soviet time. Currently, one of the paramount tasks of scientific community consists in the preservation of memory on the activity of the prominent people of the past, as not only the region, but also the country as a whole owes them for development of economy, culture, science, systems of state administration, education, and a number of other spheres of life. The theoretical-methodological framework for the research became the set of methods of new anthropologically-oriented branches of historical science, generalized by the concept of &ldquo;historical anthropology&rdquo;, which allowed shifting the point of attention from history of government structures towards life of households and separate individuals. The experience of working with cognate disciplines &ndash; such as historical sociology and sociology of everyday life became useful, especially when working sources of personal origin. The article employs modern methodology and introduces into the scientific discourse documents discovered by the author in the State Archive of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Archive of the Arkhangelsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, as well as biographical records on the representatives of the prominent Arkhangelsk merchant dynasties &ndash; families Leuzinger and Petz from the personal archives of the descendants.
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LISNIC, DUMITRU. ""THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF THE SYNAGOGUE IN BIRZULA: MATERIALITY, TEXTUALITY AND AGENCY IN THE EARLY 1920’S SOVIET UNION Abstract"." New Europe College Yearbook 2020-2021 (March 31, 2023): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.58367/necy.pm.h.2022.2.277-295.
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This paper explores the relationship between religious materiality and textuality in the Soviet archives as reflected in the case of the 1923 closure of a Synagogue in Birzula, a town located in the northern part of the Odessa district (oblast) in Ukraine. This study combines the approach of the Foucauldian ‘Soviet subjectivity’ school with the methodological framework of new materialism in order to identify and analyze the traces of the agential power of the Synagogue of Birzula. In their confrontation over the status of the synagogues, religious actors, Soviet activists, state and party officials produced numerous documents in which they spoke about themselves and about the synagogue. The case of the Synagogue of Birzula encapsulates the wider confrontation over the role and status of religion in Soviet society. This paper is about how to read the textual to discover the agential power of the material.
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Franz, Maciej. "Bulletin of the Maritime and Colonial League of May 1939 (from the collection of the State Archives of Іvano-Frankіvsk Oblast)". Studia Maritima 34 (2021): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sm.2021.34-05.
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Maruszics, Erik. "A Nyilaskeresztes Párt tevékenysége Nagyszőlősön és Tiszaújlakon 1940–1944 között." Fórum Társadalomtudományi Szemle 26, no. 4 (2024): 81–100. https://doi.org/10.61795/fssr.v26y2024i4.05.
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Activities of the Arrow Cross Party in Nagyszőlős and Tiszaújlak Between 1940–1944 After the territorial revision, the extreme right-wing movements in the Kingdom of Hungary almost immediately expanded their activities to the returned territories. For a long time only the Arrow Cross Party (Nyilaskeresztes Párt) managed to do any serious organizing work among local society, and it was the only party in Hungary that was able to compete with the United Hungarian Party (Egyesült Magyar Párt) and later the Party of Hungarian Life (Magyar Élet Pártja) in the period 1938–1941. The movement began to organise in the Ugocsa county in 1940, but only in Nagyszőlős and Tiszaújlak was the party life more considerable. Thus, in the course of this study, we have attempted to provide an insight into the operation and activities of the Arrow Cross Party in Nagyszőlős and Tiszaújlak with the help of documents and other available sources in the Berehovo section of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast.
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Liskevich, N. A. "Book review: Economic development of the Nadymsky District in the first third of the 20th century." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(63) (December 15, 2023): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2023-63-4-22.
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In this article, we present the analysis of publication of the “Project of the Simplest Land and Water Arrangement of the Nadymsky District of the Yamal (Nenets) Okrug of the Omsk Oblast”, prepared on the basis of the outcomes of the 1933–1934 Nadym Land Management Expedition, the materials of which are stored in the funds of the State Archives of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The compiler and executive editor of this volume is E.A. Volzhanina, a well-known specialist in demography and land use of the Nenets, as well as in land management of the northern boundaries of Western Siberia. The scrupulous source study analysis of the archive of the Nadym Land Management Expedition, a description of the methodology for systema-tization and classification of documents, an overview of the cartographic materials available in the archive, and population cen-suses indicating the occupation, social status and places of residence or wandering, by the national councils, represent a par-ticular value. Publication of the documents of the “Project of the Initial Land and Water Arrangement of the Nadymsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug” includes an introduction and three parts: “A Brief Physical and Geographical Review of the Nadymsky District”, “Economic Description of the Nadymsky District” and “Land Distribution Project”. The high standard of systematization of the archival material, the presence of notes that allow comparing and synthesizing data from different documents, as well as the high information potential of the published sources that could be in demand in historical, ethnographic, socio-economic, and socio-geographical research, are being noted.
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Korol, Vitaliy. "Activities of the Republican Trust «Ukrsilprombud» in Sumy Region during Post-war time (1947–1954)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 40 (2023): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2023.i40.p.19.
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The article is devoted to analyzing the characteristic features and peculiarities of the organization and functioning of the “Ukrsilprombud” trust, as well as its role in the recovery and development of the economy and infrastructure in Sumy region in the post-war period. The Republican Construction and Assembly Trust “Ukrsilprombud” existed during 1947-1954 and was an economic unit subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR. The trust specialized in constructing machine-tractor stations, machine-tractor workshops and other objects that were supposed to ensure the mechanization of agriculture. The research highlights the formation and development of the organizational structure of the trust. The regional division of “Ukrsilprombud” – the Sumy Regional Construction and Installation Office – operated in Sumy oblast. The level of financing of this enterprise and the state of its provision of building materials and qualified personnel are characterized. It was revealed that a lagging pace, non-fulfilment of plans, violation of the order and unevenness of work in the districts of Sumy region characterized the trust’s participation in reconstruction. The leading cause of these phenomena was the ineffectiveness of the system of organizing the process at both the state and regional levels, manifested by insufficient funding, a lack of construction materials, a shortage and low qualification of workers. Sometimes the negative impact on the productivity of construction organizations was caused by a subjective factor – negligence and corruption on the part of managers. The research is based on materials from the funds of the Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine and the State Archive of Sumy Region, as well as information from the local press issued in the late 1940s – early 1950s.
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Gromova, Galyna. "Archival heritage of Sheptytskyi family in the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv: the issue of establishing archival collections." Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, no. 12(28) (2020): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2020-12(28)-8.
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The article demonstrates, based on valid sources, that archives of Metropolitan Bishop Sheptytskyi and his closest associates, as well as collections of documents from church institutions, which existed on St. George Hill, were in 1946 divided into at least three parts. The biggest part (that had a potential investigative basis), was moved to the accounting and archival department of NKVD, and from there in 1954, 1972 and 1976 it was transferred to CSHAL. Route of the second part is closely related to archival institutions specifically. During the first post-WWII years documents of the abolished UGCC ended up in the State Archive of Lviv Oblast, as during that time it was a central archival foundation in Lviv. Further movement of these materials to archival institutions in Kyiv (namely, CSHAK, VNLU) during the second half of 1940s and their return to Lviv at the beginning of 1950s is well traced due to accompanying documentation present. Third part of documents essentially didn’t leave Lviv. It was kept in the Metropolitan Palace during 1946–1951, and was later moved to CSHAL for safekeeping. Some parts of it were and still are in various libraries and museums throughout the city. Constant migration of documents, related to the figure of Metropolitan Bishop Andrey Sheptytskyi and the history of UGCC, as well as barbaric treatment of this archival heritage from people not qualified to handle it during first post-war years led to quite negative consequences — internal structures of collections of documents were damaged, their integrity violated, and as a result — loses were imminent. Due to documents arriving at CSHAL haphazardly at different times, they were assembled into newly created fonds using an intricate thematic and chronological approach. Highlighting the problem of moved documents of the church allows not only for further search for scattered archival fonds and collections, but in a larger sense — for a new look at the history of scientific institutions that kept and are still keeping safe the handwritten heritage of the past. Keywords: Metropolitan Bishop A. Sheptytskyi, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, archive fonds, moved materials.
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Ryzhkova, N. V. "Слободское реальное училище Вятской губернии в документах Центрального государственного архива Кировской области". Вестник гуманитарного образования, № 4(28) (9 березня 2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.22.036.
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The relevance of the topic is due to the increased attention of modern society to the problems of preservation, reconstruction and rational use of objects of historical, cultural and architectural heritage of Russia. Of particular interest are the monuments of the Vyatka province of educational types of the XIX – early XX centuries. due to their little study. The Sloboda Real School is unexplored in this context. The purpose of this study is to identify the historical and architectural features of the Slobodsky Real School, founded in the early twentieth century in Slobodsky, Vyatka province. The article discusses issues related to the identification of general trends in the emergence and development of real schools in the Russian Empire, identifies the factors that influenced the emergence and subsequent historical development of the Sloboda Real School, analyzes the features of its architectural appearance in the context of the evolution of architectural trends in Russia. The article is based on the sources identified by the author – the documents of the Central State Archive of the Kirov region, Kirov), as well as the results of field research conducted by the author in 2011–2022. It is established that the appearance of a real school in Slobodsky was very popular due to the extremely small number of educational institutions and the need for qualified personnel in the city. Its opening took place thanks to the perseverance and persistent versatile work of the vowel of the City Duma, merchant M. P. Onchukov. It is noted that from an architectural point of view, the school building does not contradict the existing artistic ideals of the era, but has its own characteristics – it is less voluminous, simple in composition and less representative compared to the capital buildings of a similar type. It is a representative of the so-called "brick" style, which became widespread in the Vyatka province at the turn of the century due to its economy and rationality. Red-brick buildings in figured masonry, and now decorate many cities of the Vyatka province. The facts of the authorship of the building project are interesting and documented in the article. Актуальность темы обусловлена повышенным вниманием современного общества к проблемам сохранения, реконструкции и рационального использования объектов историко-культурного и архитектурного наследия России. Особый интерес представляют памятники Вятской губернии учебных типов XIX – начала ХХ вв. в связи с их малой изученностью. Неисследованным в этом контексте является Слободское реальное училище. Цель данного исследования – выявление историко-архитектурных особенностей Слободского реального училища, основанного в начале ХХ в. в г. Слободском Вятской губернии. В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с выявлением общих тенденций возникновения и развития реальных училищ в Российской империи, выясняются факторы, оказавшие влияние на появление и последующее историческое развитие Слободского реального училища, анализируются особенности его архитектурного облика в контексте эволюции архитектурных тенденций России. Статья основана на выявленных автором источниках – документах ЦГАКО (Центрального государственного архива Кировской области, г. Киров), а также результатах полевых исследований, проводимых автором в 2011–2022 гг. Установлено, что появление реального училища в г. Слободском было очень востребованным ввиду крайне малого количества учебных заведений и необходимости квалифицированных кадров в городе. Его открытие состоялось благодаря настойчивости и упорной разносторонней работе гласного Городской Думы, купца М. П. Ончукова. Отмечается, что с архитектурной точки зрения здание училища не противоречит существующим художественным идеалам эпохи, но имеет свои особенности – оно менее объемно, простое по композиции и менее репрезентативно по сравнению со столичными зданиями аналогичного типа. Оно является представителем так называемого «кирпичного» стиля, получившего широкое распространение в Вятской губернии на рубеже веков ввиду его экономичности и рациональности. Краснокирпичные, в фигурной кладке здания, и сейчас украшают многие города Вятской губернии. Интересными и подтвержденными документально представляются в статье факты авторства проекта здания.
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Romaniuk, Natalia. "Street Advertising in Yelysavetgrad: Peculiarities of Circulation (Spreading) at the Beginning of the XXth Century." Ukrainian Information Space, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 228–34. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7948.1.2018.141223.
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The article analyses the sphere of street advertising in Yelyssavetgrad (present day Kropyvnytskyi) in the period of its active development in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXth century. The documents from State Archives Fund in Kyrovohrad oblast, which were not available for wide circles of people earlier, flysheets and photos with Yelyssavetgrad views, taken at the beginning of the 20th century (from Yu. Tiutiushkin’s collection in particular) were taken as the basis for the research. The attention is concentrated on such objects: advertising pillars and illuminated advertisement signs. There were elucidated organizational aspects of street advertising functioning, attention was paid to the activities of Sh. Hopan, who was in fact the monopolist in this sphere at the beginning of the XXth century, and after his death – his wife Ye. Hopan. In this context the information about other members of advertising process is also given: the lease holder of town park Ye. Baikovska, the theater tenant Yelkynd. The information from the archive sources about the origin of illuminated advertising signs in town (about F. Krytynin’s, M. Cherkasskyi’s and Tvershynov’s petitions to town council concerning the permission to install such signs) is also presented. The publication of the journal «Charivnyi Lihtar» («The magic Lantern»), which was devoted to the problems of signs installation and arrangement of public readings, arrangement of educational public readings with projectors of visual images.
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Mieliekiestsev, Kyrylo, and Oleksandr But. "Podiilia sugar industry owners under Stalinist struggle for “mono‑majority” in the Soviet society." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 3, no. 2 (2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26200209.
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The aim: firstly, to show the essence of Stalin’s understanding of the Anti-Soviet elements in the context of the Socialist Successes, and, secondly, to describe neglected attitude of the authorities to the sugar industry on the example of Podillia. The Source base. The article is based on the analysis of archived investigation cases of the former NKVD found in the State Archives of Vinnytsia Region, and in “Rehabilitated by History” book series, detailing specific examples of mass arrests of sugar industry owners: from the leadership of the Oblast Sugar Trust to various directors and chief engineers of sugar mills and factories. Research methods. The historical-critical method helped to separate official propaganda from the essence of facts in the analysis of primary sources. This allows to prove the positive dynamics of development and real successes of the sugar industry, as evidenced by the author’s tables. The historical-comparative method leads to actualization of common features of the Soviet totalitarianism with the authoritarian regimes of the 21st century. Main results. Based on the analysis of in-depth reading of documents of the VIII Extraordinary Congress of the Soviets of the USSR and the long taboo regarding the researching of documents of the February-March (1937) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), it is evident that the Secretary General of the ruling party reached a strategic conclusion. Stalin succeeded in convincing the party-state elite that the new “enemies of the people” came neither from the capitalist camp, nor from the ranks of “bourgeois specialists”, but rather from inside the party itself, declaring that the economic cadres were “clogged by spies and saboteurs”. The authors highlight the extent of the damage caused by the Great Terror to one of the important industries of Ukraine, which limited the supply of sugar to the population. Conclusions. Mass repression would have been impossible without one party’s absolute control over government and society, which is a lesson for future generations. Practical meaning. The article’s results sufficiently provide an additional justification for further studies of mass repressions and the Soviet totalitarianism, and also constitute a warning to state leaders against such “excesses” in the search for “mono-majority”. The data may be used for textbooks on the history of Ukraine, Vinnytsia Region, Polish community in Podillia, in regional studies, mass media and in fiction. Originality. The article is based on recently opened archives concerning the fate of victims of terror. Scientific novelty. The data from DAVO’s archives on the oppressed personnel of the sugar industry was first introduced into scientific circulation and summarized, the names of little-known owners of the industry are restored. Type of article: analytical.
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Brzegowy, Paweł. "Emil Habdank Dunikowski (1855–1924). Rys życia zawodowego i prac naukowych." Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 68, no. 4 (2023): 29–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.042.18784.
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Emil Habdank Dunikowski (1855–1924) – Career and Research Outline Emil Lucjan Habdank Dunikowski – a graduate of the Lviv (Lwów), Munich and Vienna Universities, belongs to the circle of the Polish most significant scientists who specialized in Earth sciences and pursued their careers in the Lviv of the Austrian era. Sociable, diligent, and curious about the world, he devoted his time to discovering the mysteries of geology, actively developing Polish research in Galicia. While performing his research-related tasks in various parts of the globe (for example in North Africa, North America, Europe, and Russian Primorsky Krai), he satisfied his passion for travelling, delivering accurately made descriptions of broadly defined nature. In biographical contexts, the Lvovian scientist is seldom mentioned. Despite his undisputable scientific achievements and extensive travel experiences, there has yet to be a comprehensive biographical and bibliographical study dedicated to him. This article outlines his scientific profile and presents some unknown facts from Emil Dunikowski’s private life and career, based on the documents obtained from the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Lviv (Ukraine).
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Akolzina, M. K. "Source base for the study of entrepreneurial activity of provincial merchants in the first half of the 19thcentury: Resources of regional archives (by the State Archive of Tambov Oblast)." Tula Scientific Bulletin. History. Linguistics, no. 4 (2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2022-4-23-31.
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Pecherin, Andrey V. "The Repressed Priest Anatoly Maslennikov (1891-1921): A Biography Reconstruction Experience." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/17.
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The article presents the first experiment in compiling a biography of the priest Anatoly Aleksandrovich Maslennikov, who was shot in Tomsk in 1920 on charges of belonging to the White Guard organization and canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in 1981. During the study, a huge number of documentary sources stored in state and departmental archives of Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Tomsk Oblasts, as well as church periodicals, reference and scientific literature, and also the personal archive of E. Simpson (Great Britain) have been examined. This study provides materials for compiling a socio-cultural portrait of an Orthodox clergy representative who became a participant of the Civil War: his social background, education, and marital status. Some new biographical details have been discovered and the known data clarified, including the periods of his ministry as the prior of Zavodo-Uspensky parish in Tyumen District of Tobolsk Province (now Tugulymsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast), the regimental priest in the White Army, and the priest in the Baturinskoe village of Tomsk Province (now Tomsk District of Tomsk Oblast). The fact of Maslennikov's training at Kurgan Theological School is published for the first time; his study at Tobolsk Theological Seminary is also considered. The circle of the priest's relatives has been determined. After the successful graduation from Tobolsk Theological Academy in 1913, Maslennikov married, was ordained to the priesthood and appointed Prior of Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the village of Zavodo-Uspenskoye. Before the Civil War, he served in the parish, educating peasants in addition to the church service. Father Anatoly did not share revolutionary ideas, and with the outbreak of the Civil War in the Urals he transferred to the military department and was sent to the 16th Ishim Regiment under the command of Colonel N.N. Kazagrandi. With the retreating army of Admiral Kolchak, the priest and his family arrived to Tomsk, and here, after the defeat of the Whites, he was appointed priest of the Church of St. George the Victorious in the Baturinskoe village near Tomsk in December 1919. On May 14, 1920, he was arrested on charges of belonging to the White Guard organization, and, after a short-term investigation, priest Anatoly was shot on June 25, among many other victims of the fierce civil confrontation. In 1994 Anatoly Maslennikov was rehabilitated. The study of individual biographies within the context of the era allows expanding the possibilities of compiling prosopographies (dynamic collective biographies of social groups) and revealing the socio-cultural characteristics of the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of the most powerful social transformation of society in the 20th century.
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Benera, Valentyna. "ANNIVERSARY OF THE NATIONAL SCHOOL." Scientific bulletin of KRHPA, no. 11 (2019): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37835/2410-2075-2019-11-19.
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The full-fledged establishment of a national school is underpinned the deployment of a network of regional educational institutions of all levels and forms - from primary to higher. Kremenets page in the history of Ukrainian education - rich, bright and noticeable both the timeline of the functioning of educational institutions and the life-giving of representatives of the pedagogical pantheon. In the register of educational institutions, operating in the south of Volyn, Kremenchug and Kremenets, near the school- a branch of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Volyn High School and Volyn Lyceum, The Theological Seminary and the Kremenets Lyceum, other schools of yesteryear, The honorary place belongs to the Ukrainian high school named after Ivan Steshenko in Kremenets. It is the 100th anniversary since its opening that All-Ukrainian scientific readings have been timed "The formation of education in Kremenchug: a look through the centuries" held in Reading Room of our Academy Library. Co-organizers of the readings were Kyiv National University. Taras Shevchenko, Rivne MESU. academician Stepan Demianchuk, State Archives of Ternopil Oblast and Scientific and Pedagogical the staff of the Kremenets Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy Taras Shevchenko.
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Vladimirov, Vladimir, Evgenii Petrovich Krupochkin, and Dmitrii Evgen'evich Sarafanov. "A Subject-Oriented Historical GIS (the Example of Barnaul Infrastructure in the Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries)." Историческая информатика, no. 1 (January 2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2020.1.32091.
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The article studies the infrastructure of Barnaul city in the second half of the 18th - early 20th centuries. The study aims at acquiring new systematic knowledge about the way the infrastructure of West Siberian cities developed, the influence of infrastructural objects on city ecology, the correlation of demographical and ecological factors influencing the city development and urban population reproduction. The study rests on an extensive source database including written, cartographic and photo documents stored mainly in the state archives of Altai Krai and Tomskaya Oblast as well as a number of published sources. The methodological basis of the work is the systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, the general scientific as well as traditional historical research methods. Geoinformation analysis based on the subject-oriented historical geoinformation system created is used as the main way to obtain new information. The article analyzes spatial aspects of the city infrastructure and ecological factors of its development and demonstrates changes in the disposition of infrastructural objects in the late 19th &ndash; early 20th centuries. The article concludes that the negative impact of ecologically unfriendly city objects&nbsp;was exerted mainly through aggravating sanitary environment and ecosystems.
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Komarnitskyi, Oleksandr. "F.P.4 Documents of the State archives of the Khmelnytskyi oblast on the educational activities of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical institute during the years of the Khrushshov “Thaw”." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 39 (April 6, 2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2023-39.58-68.
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The purpose of the article is to show, on the basis of archival documents, the main directions of the educational process in the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute, in particular the success of students, the state of educational and methodological work and labor discipline, the organization of independent work, practices, and state exams. Th e methodologi- cal basis of the research is the principles of historicism, systematicity and comprehensiveness, and problem-chronological and diachronic methods. Th e scientifi c novelty of the publication lies in the fact that, for the fi rst time, the educational activities of this institution of higher educa- tion have been analyzed based on archival materials of the foundation of the party organization of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Pedagogical Institute. Conclusions. One of the priorities in the ac- tivities of the party organization was the optimal arrangement of the educational process, which was far from easy since when organizing the educational process, the university management had to take into account directives, decisions of party congresses, and plenums and, accordingly, could not go beyond the offi cially announced party course on construction of communism. In addition, corrections had to be made, considering that students were mobilized for harvesting in the region’s collective farms and state farms in the fi rst months of the academic year. Work was carried out to improve teaching methods, in particular, the institute introduced programmed learning, practiced mutual visits, discussions at meetings of departments of open classes, etc. Measures were taken to bring the activity of scientifi c and pedagogical workers closer to the practice of school work and to improve the professional training of students; various types of visualization and technical teaching tools began to be used more intensively, more attention was paid to the organization of independent work and pedagogical practice of students, which demonstrated that they had good theoretical training, necessary skills, and abilities to organize educational work at school.
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Ivanenko, Valentyn. "<b>The terrorist-genocidal paradigm of the “modernization” of the Ukrainian village in the style of the Kremlin : the perspective of Dnipropetrovsk region (1929–1933)</b>." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 6, no. 1-2 (2023): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.15421/26230608.
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The article attempts to systematize and generalize, using the example of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, the fundamental principles, technologies and features of the Stalinist regime’s use of terrorist policy against the Ukrainian peasantry in the conditions of the so-called “restructuring” of the agrarian sector in the late 1920s – early 30s. Research methods: historical and genetic, historicalsystemic, problem-chronological, comparative. Sources: published and partly unpublished (extracted from several state archives) materials obtained by the author during many years of research under the regional program “Rehabilitated by History”. Main results. It is shown that Bolshevik Russia was in fact a continuation of imperial Russia and was built as a terrorist state from the very beginning, based on the primacy of violence in key spheres of its life activity. It is emphasized and illustrated that since the mid-1920s, Ukraine has always been at the epicenter of such political practice, allegedly one of the bridgeheads of “bourgeois nationalism” and “independence-separatist ambitions”, experiencing permanent and ever-increasing pressure from Muscovites in the form of various “cleaning” shares. At all stages, this terror was initiated and directed directly from the Kremlin and was the result of decisions in the highest party-state bodies and Stalin personally. As the article emphasizes, the Moscow chauvinists added a special scope to anti-Ukrainian repressions from the end of the 1920s, in the conditions of the radicalization of the socialist course, focusing their edge first of all against the peasantry as the most consistent bearer of national identity and the most ardent opponent of the regime regarding the forced imposition of collectivization and other transformations in the countryside, which led to the tragedy of the Holodomor-genocide of 1932–1933 with millions of innocent victims of Ukrainians. The historical specifics of those dramatic events can be traced on the example of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast as one of the largest and the most economically powerful regions of the USSR and the USSR as a whole, and, therefore, almost the most affected by the disaster. Concise conclusions. Through violence, terror and the Holodomor-genocide, in 1929–1933, the Stalinist regime managed to en masse herd peasants into collective farms and actually secure them under the full control of the state, fundamentally changing the character and way of life of the main part of the republic’s population and neutralizing their movements into active opposition to the government. This social conflict was characteristic of the entire union state, but according to the estimates of most of our and foreign researchers, it is most pronounced and most acute in Ukraine. Practical meaning. The material of the article can be used in scientific projects on Ukrainian and regional history of the interwar period, as well as in the educational process in universities when teaching relevant historical disciplines. Type of article: analytical, summarizing.
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Pozdniakova, Inna. "The Main Forms of Advanced Training of Soviet Censors in the Second Half of the 1940s (proceeding from the materials of the State Archives of Kirovohrad Oblast)." Kyiv Historical Studies 17, no. 2 (2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2023.210.
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The article aims to study the main forms of advanced training of Soviet censors in the second half of the 1940s. The scientific novelty is presented by the fact that the problem has not been studied in Ukrainian historiography in such a statement and within such a chronological framework. The research methodology is grounded on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, and generalization) and specialhistorical (historical-typological, historical-systemic, and historical-genetic) methods. The research is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientific knowledge. It has been found that professional training of censors was carried out directly at the workplace. Several forms of advanced training were applied in parallel, namely: professional training, seminars, meetings of censorship workers (at regional, republican and all-Union levels) and the party education system. The main forms of control over the level of information assimilation by the censors necessary for the implementation of the tasks set before them by the Soviet authorities have been highlighted and considered. In particular, such forms of control included passing technical minimums and execution of training exercises on knowledge of the “List of information prohibited for publication in the open press”. The analysis of the sources proved that the majority of the censorship employees were self-taught, since no educational institution in the country trained specialists for the needs of Soviet censorship. The lack of experience and practical skills of employees of censorship bodies affected the quality of the censorship system work in general. Therefore, the Holovlit of the Ukrainian SSR controlled the professional training of censors constantly. The regime had to spend a lot of time training all new employees and regularly monitor the performance of the tasks assigned to them. The employees of the censorship bodies systematically raised their ideological and political level because they were to become the conductors of the comprehensive ideological control of the Soviet government and interfere in the creative process, professional activity and private life of citizens.
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Wałdoch, Jacek. "W stulecie zamachu na prezydenta Stanisława Wojciechowskiego. Sprawa Stanisława Steigera w świetle lwowskich materiałów archiwalnych." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 23, no. 2 (2024): 417–42. https://doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2024.23.02.16.
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The summary courts established in Eastern Galicia were intended to be a tool for eliminating repeated serious crimes. This idea was quickly distorted, and prosecutors willingly used this measure in individual cases. One of the victims of this system was Stanisław Steiger, who was accused of carrying out an attack on President Stanisław Wojciechowski in 1924. This law student was involved in a dangerous game in which not only his life was at stake, but also the good name of the State Police and the future of Eastern Galicia. Two court trials showed how the case turned from an obvious case into an extremely complicated one. They also revealed the machinery of police manipulation aimed at revealing a communist or Jewish-communist conspiracy. The article presents the course of preparatory and court proceedings based on the analysis of source material collected in State Archives of Lviv Oblast (Дepжaвний аpxiв Львiвcькoї облacтi). It reveals details of the work of the police, the investigating judge and the prosecutor, while transcripts of the hearings published in the press present the lines of defense and accusations adopted by the parties. A comprehensive view of the matter allows us to see a difficult neighborhood, both based on local ethnic relations in Eastern Galicia, as well as in the international aspect, where Stanisław Steiger’s case was played by German intelligence protecting the real assassin and trying to discredit Poland in the eyes of the League of Nations. An unexplained thread remains the attitude of the Ukrainian emigration representative office, which ultimately could not or was unable to use the ongoing process to draw the attention of Western public opinion to the nationality problem in Eastern Galicia.
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Ucvatov, P. S. "«The Klutkoism». Saransk Case of 1934." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 4 (2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-4-36-45.
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The article is devoted to the events of the first part of 1930-ies in the Mordovian Autonomous Region. The politics struggle between different groups of the soviet and party ruling elite, which accompanied the process of the formation of Mordovian statehood and the korenization of the State machinery are considering as well. On the example of Mordovian oblast committee and Saransk town committee of VKP(b) some features inherent in the regional Soviet nomenclature of the 1930s are shown. The article acknowledges that in Mordovia, the struggle between various groups of the Soviet and Party elite was significantly influenced by the national factor and the process of indigenization of the administrative apparatus. At the same time, there was tension between the First secretary of the regional Party Committee sent from the outside, who tried to rely on his own proteges, and the regional nomenclature clans formed from local national cadres. Meanwhile, in the existing system of close-knit corporate groups and bureaucratic clans based on personal ties and mutual responsibility, there was a rapid degeneration of Party and Soviet executives. This led to the spread of such negative phenomena as leaderism, embezzlements, abuse of official position, etc. In preparing the article, the method of analyzing historical documents, historical and systemic, historical and comparative methods were used. Archival documents (from the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia), as well as materials of the Soviet periodicals from the newspapers Volzhskaya Kommuna and Krasnaya Mordovia served as the basis for the source base of the article.
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Amosova, A. A. "The Soviet Elite of Leningrad 1950–1956: Emotional Aspects of Official Daily Life." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 3 (2020): 667–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.307.
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This article presents a study of daily life of the Soviet elite, the leading people of the Leningrad City Council (P.F.Ladanov, N.I.Smirnov) and the Leningrad Regional Council (I.P.Petrov, V.N.Ponomarev, G.I.Vorobyov) in 1950–1956. A historical analysis of emotions makes it possible to rethink the era by answering such questions as: Whom the Soviet elite did love, and whom did they fear during the period of late Stalinism and the beginning of the “Khrushchev thaw”? What was the official behavior of a state leader? How and under what circumstances did non-politicized emotions arise? The study is based on sources of a personal origin: materials of official speeches, published and unpublished reports, materials of personnel files (including autobiographies), photo documents and sound documents, and memoirs of contemporaries. Additionally, office documents (transcripts of meetings, plenums, meetings, council sessions) deposited in the archives of St. Petersburg and Moscow associated with the activities of local government in Leningrad and the oblast were studied. The period 1950–1956 was when new, loyal managers were appointed to “empty” posts after the Leningrad Affair. One of the main tasks that confronted them in the first period was completing work on identifying “anti-party” elements in their ranks. In the leadership structures there was an atmosphere of suspicion and denunciation. Finally, tracing aspects of the transformation of these leading cadres at the beginning of the Thaw provides curious insights.
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Vashkau, Nina, and Andrei Lakiziuk. "Desert Zone: History of Warfare and Crimes Committed by the Nazis in 1941 on the Territory of the Present-Day Lipetsk Oblast." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.11.
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Introduction. This research focuses on the previously unexplored Nazi crimes on the territory of the modern Lipetsk Oblast in the fall and winter of 1941. It is conducted as part of the nationwide project “Bez sroka davnosti” (No statute of limitation). Newly declassified information from the archives as well as historical evidence from both sides of the conflict allowed us to present a detailed description of those events. Methods and Materials. We used the principles of historicism and objectivity in order to explain the concept of Hitler’s Blitzkrieg against the USSR. We also employed the quantitative method to analyze the structure and equipment of German troops, their readiness for the upcoming battle. Analysis. The leadership of Nazi Germany initially considered the territory of the Soviet Union as their future possessions. Based on this, a policy of treatment of the local population and state property was built, which fits the definition of genocide. The Plans and legal basis for future crimes were developed prior to the outbreak of hostilities. Army corps 45, 134, 95, 262 and 293 Wehrmacht Infantry Divisions, which fought against the 34th and 35th army corps (Red Army), committed various atrocities against the civilian population, as evidenced in detail by archival materials and interrogations of German prisoners of war. Results. The system of the occupation regime was planned in such a way that it was possible to squeeze the maximum out of the occupied lands in favor of Nazi Germany. The behavior of the Wehrmacht soldiers in the occupied territory was destructive in relation to the Soviet population, cultural values and the economy. Technically and morally, the German troops were unable to recover from the defeat received in November-December 1941, while the Red Army was building up its forces and gaining the necessary experience in the fight against the enemy.
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Diadiuk, Myroslava. "«Union History Archive» as an integral part of the Byzantine library and archive of «Studion» book collection." Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, no. 12(28) (2020): 299–381. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2020-12(28)-12.
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On the basis of a large array of archival documents and historiographical base, the activity of Klymentii Sheptytskyi as abbot of the Holy Assumption Univ Lavra is highlighted. The analysis of this suggests that the abbot Klymentii not only contributed to the restoration of the model of the convents of the Studio Charter, but thanks to the author’s messages and works became the charismatic law-maker of this model. The author found out that the monasteries of the studio, headed by the abbot Klymentii, were able to: consolidate the Ukrainian emigrants, resist the denationalization from both the Russian and Polish sides; to spread education among young people and children, which has influenced the process of education in the religious-patriotic spirit of the Eastern Galician society; to create religious and ecclesiastical periodicals and a network of monastic libraries, which played a significant role in the development of Christian and national ideas among the local population; revive sacred art, which greatly enriched the national culture; support and care for the vulnerable, including orphans, the sick and the poor. In the article it is proved that the activity of abbot Klymentii (Sheptytskyi), first, became an important factor and criterion of moral and spiritual enrichment of Ukrainians, secondly, is a clear statement that the GCC stood on the principles of Christian morality, national and cultural tolerance and upholding — religious interests of Ukrainian, and the monasteries of the Studio Charter became one of the greatest expressors, the guarantor of the realization of national and cultural interests of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia.The paper deals with organizational principles and practical work of the «Union history archive» (UHA), its functions, ways and dynamics of additions, structure and thematic policy of archival and library funds, personnel issue. The role of UHA founder Galician Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi (1865‒1944) remains an uninvestigated issue in the context of interwar archival institution studies. The research based on newly discovered primary sources and materials of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv, and State Archive of Lviv oblast. Having a set of newly discovered archival documents: 381 «books of introductions», reports on expeditions, financial receipts, etc., as well as the correspondence of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, director and staff of UHA, a unified image of UHA in its historical development is reproduced. In particular, the main aspects of the current work of the UHA, the role of the Metropolitan and director Ivan Shendryk in coordinating the processes of acquisition, monetary evaluation, purchasing of rarities with the participation of freight forwarders O. Tsynkalovsky, B. Olkhivsky and other individuals in searching for historical (church) written and printed monuments, as well as art and archaeological exhibits; establishing contacts with residents of Volyn, Kholm, Polissya, Podlasie, as well as Lithuania, Belarus, Russia and others. One of the well-established forms of UHA acquisition has been studied — the purchasing of cultural monuments in bookstores, antique shops, «on the market» and auctions that allows tracing the dynamics of UHA acquisition. The organizational activities of Metropolitan A. Sheptytskyi and the archival research works financially provided by him in the archives of the Vatican, the Peremyshl Chapter, the Archive of Ancient Acts in Warsaw, the Ossolinski National Institution in Lviv and others institutions have been studied. The structure and thematic palette of UHA components are revealed: the archive of ancient acts (before the 1917 revolution) and the archive of new acts (from 1917), book collections, including the «archival library». The initiatives of the founder of the Union History Archive, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, on the reorganization and inclusion of UHA funds in the archive-library complex of the «Studion» book collection as an integral part of the Byzantine library and archive are highlighted. The activity of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi in preventing the destruction of the whole layer of culture and enrichment of the national treasury of Ukraine is presented on the example of coverage of the work of UHA. Keywords: Archives, Library, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi, Book collection, Union, Historical monuments, Manuscripts.
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Kurylchuk, Natalia. "“OLEVSK BORDERLINE” AFTER THE PEACE OF RIGA: BORDER PROBLEMS AND PEOPLE'S FATES." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 9 (December 25, 2021): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112016.
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The purpose of the study is to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the Soviet-Polish border and the impact of territorial changes on the daily lives of residents of the “Olevsk Borderline”, in particular through the emergence of mass illegal border crossings related to smuggling. The research methodology involves a combination of general scientific and special-historical methods of research: problem-chronological, retrospective comparative, historical-genetic, source critical, archival heuristics, which have helped to identify, process and systematize the available factual material. Scientific novelty of the research. The author for the first time introduces into scientific circulation materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr Oblast, which allow to trace the development of banditry in these areas, show the level of economic development of the region and explain the expediency of consumer smuggling. The materials of criminal-investigative cases of repressed residents of “Olevsk Borderline” on charges of espionage have been released, the information capabilities of these documents for research of the everyday history of the mentioned region have been revealed. Conclusions. The administrative-territorial changes that took place as a result of the signing of the Peace of Riga and changes in the daily lives of the inhabitants of the border areas have been described. It is shown how the weak level of border protection contributed to the violation of the border regime, contacts between the local population on both sides of the border, and became one of the reasons for the emergence of smuggling in this area.
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Kudela-Świątek, Wiktoria. "Mariaż Marii z Grocholskich z Witoldem Czartoryskim w świetle nowo odkrytych źródeł archiwalnych." Prace Historyczne 150, no. 1 (2023): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.23.010.17947.
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The marriage of Maria née Grocholska and Witold Czartoryski in the light of newly discovered archival sources The aim of this article was to verify the image of the betrothal and wedding of Maria Cecylia Grocholska and Witold Czartoryski, as well as the repercussions associated with it, in the light of the unknown historiographical archival sources on this subject and by analyzing previously known sources in the context of new facts about the entering into this marriage established on their basis. In the sources describing the circumstances of the marriage of Maria née Grocholska and Witold Czartoryski, I find several repeated events and facts, on the basis of which the chronology of those days is reconstructed. The first is a letter that Ksawera Grocholska sent to Emperor Nicholas I indirectly regarding the arrival of her future son-in-law to Podolia in order to meet her fiancée’s immediate family and obtain the blessing of the bride’s grandfather, Karol Brzozowski. Another theme is the decision to marry off the daughter to the son of a political criminal, thus condemning her to a life away from her relatives living in the Russian Empire. Next, it is necessary to look at the course of the ceremony to be able to consider whether the controversy surrounding this marriage will be reflected in the ceremony itself and the reception that followed it. Finally, fragments of Ksawera Grocholska’s diary and family correspondence discovered in the collections of the State Archives of the Vinnytsia Oblast in Ukraine were analyzed, which allowed to achieve the main goal of the article.
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Portnykh, Valentin. "An Important Medieval Middle Low German Law Manuscript Which Ended up on the Banks of the Volga: Was it an Inexplicable Accident?" Средние века 85, no. 4 (2024): 176. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0131878024040081.
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Ten years ago, a sensational discovery took place: a German manuscript with an unclear date, which had been preserved since 1975 in the local history museum of the city of Yuryevets, located on the banks of the Volga, one of the regional centers of Ivanovo Oblast, was identified as an important manuscript of Lübeck law, a widely known by historians so-called Bardewik codex written in Middle Low German in 1294. It remained unclear, how could such a unique manuscript from the Archives of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Archiv der Hansestadt Lübeck) end up in such an unexpected place. The only hypothesis explaining the manuscript&apos;s arrival in Yuryevets so far has been the assumption that it could have been owned by a possible relative of Vladimir G. Shishlov, who at one time sold some Hanseatic manuscripts (including several pieces from Lübeck) to the Lenin State Library. In fact, it appears that the manuscript emerged in Yuryevets was associated with another person, Vitaliy F. Gruzdev, who is known to have owned some other manuscripts from Hanseatic cities. In fact, he was born in the vicinity of Yuryevets and, living in Leningrad, did not forget his native land and made gifts to the local history museum. Taking into account the geographical proximity to Yuryevets, it can be assumed that a medieval manuscript from Halberstadt, sold to the Russian National Library by an resident of the city of Ivanovo in 1999, passed through the hands of Gruzdev as well
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Morev, Vladimir A., and Anastasiya V. Moreva. "“ ‘There Are No Roads Between Autumn and Snow' in Tomsk Province”: Roads; Means of Transport, and Features of Travel in Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th Century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/16.
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The article examines the condition of roads in Siberia in the second half of the 19th century, identifies the related characteristics of the Siberian land vehicles and skills of coachmen obtained in the harsh climatic conditions, with enormous distances between stations and the need to spend long hours in transit. The sources for this article are travel notes and memoirs written at the end of trips. The work of the German geographer and ethnographer R. Andre, travel notes of the American J. Kennan deserve special attention. Among the works of domestic authors who passed through Siberia in the middle or at the end of the 19th century, the notes of the writer A.P. Chekhov, and of the merchants I. Zavalishin and N. Chukmaldin deserve attention. Documents of the State Archive of Tomsk Oblast (GATO), which contain information about the state of communication routes in Tomsk Province, are attracted for a more complete picture. Thus, the documents of the Fund “Tomsk Provincial Administration (1823-1916)” allow, in particular, tracking the passing travelers' reaction to the unsatisfactory condition of roads in Tomsk Province at the end of the 19th century. This article aims to summarize the facts that relate to the state of Siberian roads, land vehicles, skills of Siberian coachmen, as well as to identify the features of travel in Siberia in the second half of the 19th century. In the course of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions. The condition of roads generally did not satisfy people traveling through Siberian provinces. This was especially true during the off-season when the roads were heavily flooded and washed away by rain or meltwater. Our compatriots' negative comments on Siberian roads in general merge into the common chorus of complaints by foreign travelers. Although there were exceptions when both Russian travelers and foreigners praised the state of the roads in some provinces of Siberia, which was reflected in the archives and travel notes. In winter, the moving speed increased because the snow-covered roads were easier to move along on a sled. However, during severe frosts, there was a great risk of freezing on the road. Because of the harsher climate and the need to stay on the road longer than in the European part of Russia, it was necessary to use vehicles with design features that made them more stable in Siberia. The preparations of the coachmen and the coachmen's preparation of their horses for a long journey influenced its successful outcome. Coachmen had large energy expenditure and were to have endurance. Siberian coachmen maintained a high moving speed with the help of their horses. This fact surprised both Russians coming from the European part of Russia and, especially, foreigners.
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Е.В., Бусырева,. "The influence of power structures on the destinies of Finnish and German special settlers in Murmansk Oblast." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 1161–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2022-6-4-2.
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Статья посвящена таким актуальным вопросам этнополитической истории как раскулачивание советских финнов и немцев и депортация по этническому признаку. Благодаря спецпереселенцам власти решили проблему нехватки рабочей силы на стройках первых пятилеток в отдаленных регионах, в том числе и в Мурманской области. Отмечается, что раскулаченные крестьяне составляли самую многочисленную группу спецпереселенцев в районе апатитовых разработок. Решение об отправке семьи на спецпоселение принималось местными органами власти, а решение о депортации целых народов по этническому признаку - верховной властью. В отличие от депортации финнов и немцев в 1940-е гг., процесс раскулачивания проходил по социальному признаку (ликвидация кулачества как класса), а не по этническому. В статье обращается внимание на то, что депортации носили превентивный характер, так как советские финны и немцы были в этническом родстве с народами, ведущими войну против СССР. Также в статье приводятся примеры мобилизации немцев и финнов в трудовую армию. Отмечаются случаи отправки в трудовую армию женщин с немецкой родословной. Депортация советских финнов и немцев по распоряжению властей имела пагубные последствия для сохранности их этносов и национальных культур. В статье рассматриваются этапы депортации в зависимости от места проживания. Основываясь на полученных интервью, автор делает вывод о том, что пребывание на территории Финляндии или Германии в годы войны крайне негативно отразилось на дальнейшей жизни репатриантов. В статье анализируется трансформация этнической самоидентичности под влиянием политики государства в отношении советских финнов и немцев. Основными материалами послужили интервью, полученные у представителей семей с финской и немецкой родословной, а также их семейные архивы. The article is devoted to such topical issues of ethnopolitical history as dekulakization of Soviet Finns and Germans and deportation on ethnic grounds. With the help of special settlers, the authorities solved the problem of labor shortage at the construction sites of the first five-year plans in remote regions, including Murmansk Oblast. It is noted that the dispossessed peasants constituted the largest group of special settlers in the area of apatite mining. The decision to send a family to special settlement was made by local authorities, and the decision to deport entire nations on ethnic grounds was made by the supreme power. Unlike the deportation of Finns and Germans in the 1940s, the process of dekulakization was performed according to the social criterion (liquidation of the kulaks as a class) rather than ethnic one. The article draws attention to the fact that the deportations were of a preventive nature, since the Soviet Finns and Germans were ethnically related to the nations that were waging war against the USSR. The article also provides examples of mobilization of Germans and Finns into the labor army. The instances of sending women with German ancestry to the Labor Army are pointed out. The deportation of Finns and Germans by order of the authorities had disastrous consequences for the preservation of those ethnic groups and their national culture. The article discusses the stages of deportation depending on the place of residence. Based on the interviews conducted by the author, it can be concluded that staying in Finland or Germany during the war years had an extremely negative impact on the future life of repatriates. The article analyzes the transformation of ethnic self-identity under the influence of state policy towards Soviet Finns and Germans. The main materials were interviews with the representatives of families with Finnish and German ancestry as well as their family archives.
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Grebenyuk, P. S. "Общественно-политический дискурс и советская историография истории Северо-Востока СССР в 1950-е - начале 1980-х гг." Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 3 (30 вересня 2024): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2024-3-97-107.
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The article discusses the socio-political discourse and scientific views on the post-Stalin history of the USSR's North-East published in the Soviet Union in the 1950s through the early 1980s. Particular attention is paid to aspects of state administration as a key factor in the regional development. In regional historiography, the author identifies three main development stages, differing in the research themes, methodology, and source base. The paper analyzes the scientific publication coverage of power and governance issues in the context of the confrontation between Dalstroy and the Communist party organs of Khabarovsk Krai, as well as the role of Magadan Oblast formation in 1953 in transforming the regional historical concept. The author shows the thesis dominant in socio-political discourse about the leading role of the Communist party organs in the development of the region and the negative influence of Dalstroy determining the framework for interpreting the region's past in scientific works. The article traces the evolution of assessing Dalstroy activities, industrial development, science, and the status of indigenous peoples in the works of historians, economists, and ethnographers, revealing differences between ideological and scientific approaches to regional studies. The author comes to the conclusion on a gradual accumulation of factual materials and overcoming of ideological cliches in the late Soviet period. It is emphasized that the Soviet historiography of the 1950s - early 1980s had serious limitations in covering the history of the North-East, due to ideological bias, limited access to archives, one-sided assessments, and suppression of inconvenient facts. Simultaneously, the emergence of studies characterized by a more balanced approach, introducing new sources into scientific circulation, raising important research questions and containing valuable factual material, is noted as the foundation for further in-depth study of the regional history.