Relevant bibliographies by topics / Occupation by proxy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Occupation by proxy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 20 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Occupation by proxy.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Brünger, Martin, Sebastian Bernert, and Karla Spyra. "Occupation as a Proxy for Job Exposures? Routine Data Analysis Using the Example of Rehabilitation." Das Gesundheitswesen 82, S 01 (2019): S41—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0965-6777.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Aim of the study Job exposures are associated with health-related outcomes including sick leave and reduction in earning capacity. Rehabilitation of persons in working age aims primarily to secure or restore work capacity. Information concerning job exposures is, however, not directly available in routine data of healthcare payers. Since exposures relate to specific occupations and the current occupation is part of routine data, job exposures may be determined indirectly via job-exposure matrices (JEM). The aim of the study is to describe the possibilities and challenges of the representation of job exposures by the occupation according to routine data using the example of rehabilitation. Methods The Scientific Use File ‘SUFRSDLV15B’ of the German Pension Insurance was analysed. We used data from n=1 242 171 persons in work with at least one completed medical rehabilitation between 2008 and 2015 (dataset 1). The occupation is coded according to KldB 88 or KldB 2010 (German Classification of Occupations). In addition, data from a nationwide survey with 2530 rehabilitation patients was available (dataset 2). Job exposures are operationalized by the Job Exposure Index via JEM. The relationship to the return-to-work prognosis at the end of rehabilitation (dataset 1) and to patient reported outcome measures (dataset 2) is described. Results Information concerning the occupation is available for about 91% of rehabilitation measures of employed patients for the year prior to rehabilitation. At high levels of job exposures, the proportion of persons with a predicted working capacity in the last job of fewer than 3 h per day increased by a factor of 4 compared to low-level job exposures (23.5 vs. 6.1%). On the other hand, there is a low association only to reduced working capacity in the general labour market (2.9 vs. 2.4%). High-level job exposures are associated with self-reported, work-related impairments. Conclusion The Job Exposure Index may offer a valid approach to depict occupation-related exposures. The index can be used in the analysis of routine data of the pension insurance and other social security funds, as well as in the linkage of individual assessment data with routine data containing the occupation, without any additional data collection effort. Due to its construction based on job classifications, it will not replace the assessment of individual burdens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gilder, Alexander. "Bringing Occupation into the 21st Century: The effective implementation of occupation by proxy." Utrecht Law Review 13, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.355.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

De Cat, Cécile. "Socioeconomic status as a proxy for input quality in bilingual children?" Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 2 (2021): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271642000079x.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis study investigates the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as a proxy for input quality, in predicting language proficiency. Different operationalizations of SES are compared, including simple measures (parental education and parental occupation) and complex measures combining two dimensions (among parental education, parental occupation, and deprivation risk). All significantly predict overall English proficiency scores in a diverse group of 5- to 7-year-olds acquiring English and another language. The most informative SES measure in that respect is shown to be a complex measure combining parental education and parental occupation. That measure is used in a second set of analyses showing that different aspects of language are affected differently by variations in SES and in language exposure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ferraro, Tristan. "Determining the beginning and end of an occupation under international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 885 (2012): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311200063x.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractInternational humanitarian law (IHL) does not provide a precise definition of the notion of occupation, nor does it propose clear-cut standards for determining when an occupation starts and when its ends. This article analyses in detail the notion of occupation under IHL and its constitutive elements, and sets out a legal test for identifying when a situation qualifies as an occupation for the purposes of IHL. It concludes by suggesting an adjustment of the legal test to the specific characteristics of occupation by proxy and occupation by multinational forces.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chinnappa, Amy Elizabeth. "The United States and the Coalition Provisional Authority – occupation by proxy?" Leiden Journal of International Law 32, no. 3 (2019): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000219.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) governed Iraq from 2003 following Resolution 1483 of the UN Security Council. This Resolution affirmed that Iraq was in a state of occupation and that there were occupying powers. The Resolution referred to the United States of America and the United Kingdom as ‘occupying powers under the unified command of the “Authority”’, the ‘Authority’ being the CPA. However, the legal status of the CPA and its relationship to the US (the focus of this article) is not entirely clear, both under US domestic law and international law. This lack of clarity could have significant implications for the US’s responsibility for the CPA’s conduct. As with private military companies, a CPA-style administration of territory could become a tool for states to quarantine their risk under the law of occupation. This article contends that the theory of occupation by proxy may help clarify the legal status of the CPA and its relationship to the US and could assist in closing the identified gap in responsibility. To support this argument, this article establishes a legal framework for the theory of occupation by proxy which is then applied to the CPA and US.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Goldman, Noreen, Anne R. Pebley, Keunbok Lee, Theresa Andrasfay, and Boriana Pratt. "Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256085.

Full text
Abstract:
Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations overall and in lower standing occupations associated with high risk, and thus may be less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low standing occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Levy Abitbol, Jacob, Eric Fleury, and Márton Karsai. "Optimal Proxy Selection for Socioeconomic Status Inference on Twitter." Complexity 2019 (May 19, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6059673.

Full text
Abstract:
Individual socioeconomic status inference from online traces is a remarkably difficult task. While current methods commonly train predictive models on incomplete data by appending socioeconomic information of residential areas or professional occupation profiles, little attention has been paid to how well this information serves as a proxy for the individual demographic trait of interest when fed to a learning model. Here we address this question by proposing three different data collection and combination methods to first estimate and, in turn, infer the socioeconomic status of French Twitter users from their online semantics. We assess the validity of each proxy measure by analyzing the performance of our prediction pipeline when trained on these datasets. Despite having to rely on different user sets, we find that training our model on professional occupation provides better predictive performance than open census data or remote sensed expert annotation of habitual environments. Furthermore, we release the tools we developed in the hope it will provide a generalizable framework to estimate socioeconomic status of large numbers of Twitter users as well as contribute to the scientific discussion on social stratification and inequalities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Steinfeld, Joshua M., Eric Prier, and Clifford McCue. "Public procurement and the BLS: operationalizing occupational duties." International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no. 7 (2015): 510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-12-2014-0150.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – Procurement is a specific, yet dynamic area of work and study that is recognized as an occupation by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, there is growing literature that substantiates differences in theory and practice, between procurement practitioners in the private and public sectors. The purpose of this paper is to validate the procurement occupational duties identified by the BLS with actual job activities performed and managed by public sector practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a survey of public sector practitioners to obtain information with regards to occupational duties and job activities in public procurement, as compared to a BLS proxy for procurement. Findings – Public procurement practitioners complete the occupational duties identified by BLS, yet there is one occupational duty in public procurement that is absent from the BLS description for procurement. Practical implications – Empirical data and analysis identifies the potential for public procurement to be considered its own occupation separate from private sector procurement, providing a foundation for development, management, and professionalization of the field. Originality/value – The public procurement practitioners who completed the survey have a high degree of professional orientation based on certifications held and professional association membership, a foundation for generating applicatory results for studying the actual occupational duties in procurement. The specialized job activities performed and managed in perhaps the fastest growing occupation within public sector management are catalogued in this study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

А., С. Размєтаєв. "«ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ» ЯК БАЗОВИЙ КОНЦЕПТ СУЧАСНОГО ДИСКУРСУ ОКУПАЦІЙНИХ РЕЖИМІВ: ПОЛІТИКО-ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ВИМІР". Сучасне суспільство: політичні науки, соціологічні науки, культурологічні науки 1, № 15 (2018): 142–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1402748.

Full text
Abstract:
<em>It was reviewed the concept of the &laquo;</em><em>effective control&raquo;</em><em> in context of neo-institutional theory and practice of the European Court of Human Rights, through which the occupant manages the occupied territories. It was realized the comparative analysis of the three occupation regimes cases operating at the territories of North Cyprus, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh. It was described the features of the effective control of occupant in classical military occupations and in occupations by proxy. It was considered the specificity of the occupation facts determination by the European Court of Human Rights: test for the effective territorial control, application of the normative model of occupation in accordance with the Hague Regulation of 1907, the use of special informational base to confirm the existence of occupation regimes at the respective territories. It was paid attention on the emphasis shifting in the modern occupation regimes from the military to the political aspect: from the direct territorial control of the occupant to the powers delegation by the puppet authorities of the local agency.</em> <em>The motive part of the article is based on the neo-institutional approach as the most optimal, methodological basis of the specific institutions study of the modern occupation regimes in the author&rsquo;s opinion. This method allows to identify and characterize the institutional impact of the occupying state on the territories controlled by such state, as directly as through the system of the local puppet authorities. This method also allows to identify and systematize the military, economic, financial and political means of influence through which the occupant provides loyalty of the local political elites and&nbsp; population of the occupied territories.</em> <em>In conclusion to this article it was defined definition of the effective control as a specific institute of modern occupation regimes with the appropriate formal and informal rules of &quot;game&quot; established and supported by the occupant and its agents.</em>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tijdens, Kea, Miroslav Beblavý, and Anna Thum-Thysen. "Skill mismatch comparing educational requirements vs attainments by occupation." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 8 (2018): 996–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2018-0328.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the problems that skill mismatch cannot be measured directly and that demand side data are lacking. It relates demand and supply side characteristics by aggregating data from jobs ads and jobholders into occupations. For these occupations skill mismatch is investigated by focussing on demand and supply ratios, attained vis-à-vis required skills and vacancies’ skill requirements in relation to the demand-supply ratios. Design/methodology/approach Vacancy data from the EURES job portal and jobholder data from WageIndicator web-survey were aggregated by ISCO 4-digit occupations and merged in a database with 279 occupations for Czech Republic, being the only European country with disaggregated occupational data, coded educational data, and sufficient numbers of observations. Findings One fourth of occupations are in excessive demand and one third in excessive supply. The workforce is overeducated compared to the vacancies’ requirements. A high demand correlates with lower educational requirements. At lower occupational skill levels requirements are more condensed, but attainments less so. At higher skill levels, requirements are less condensed, but attainments more so. Educational requirements are lower for high demand occupations. Research limitations/implications Using educational levels is a limited proxy for multidimensional skills. Higher educated jobholders are overrepresented. Practical implications In Europe labour market mismatches worry policy makers and Public Employment Services alike. Originality/value The authors study is the first for Europe to explore such a granulated approach of skill mismatch.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Weyer, Karen. "Determining Appropriate Sample Size for Cases in a Case-Control Study Utilizing Proxy Respondents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1274195305.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Kot͡s, Mykola. U labetakh chervonykh vampiriv: (represiï radi︠a︡nsʹkykh "vyzvolyteliv" proty ukraïnsʹkykh patriotiv na terenakh Volyni v 1939-1941 rr.). Nadstyr'i︠a︡ - Kli︠u︡chi, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Finkelstein, Sarah. Reconstructing Middle and Late Holocene Paleoclimates of the Eastern Arctic and Greenland. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.6.

Full text
Abstract:
The eastern Arctic and Greenland are characterized by diverse paleoclimatic histories. A range of biological, geochemical, and geophysical indicators preserved in ice cores, lake, and ocean sediments, landscape features, or boreholes can be applied to reconstructing Holocene climates over the period of human occupation. Soon after humans arrived in the eastern Arctic around 4800 cal B.P., regional temperatures began to decline. While the proxy records show a strong regional signal, this period of Neoglacial cooling has considerable local variability related to degree of continentality, sea ice conditions and elevation. Much later, the effect of the Medieval Warm Period (AD 850-1360) on the Thule migration appears to have been overstated. Because of the considerable spatiotemporal variability in available paleoclimate reconstructions from the eastern Arctic, data from multiple sites must be integrated, and for archaeological applications, regional syntheses need to be considered alongside highly local reconstructions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Fung-Loy, Kimberley, and Anton Van Rompaey. "Socio-economic and Ethnic Segregation in the Greater Paramaribo Region, Suriname." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_25.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIncome inequality has steadily increased in Suriname and it is considered to be at one of the highest levels in the Caribbean. This chapter analyses socio-economic and ethnic segregation between 2004 and 2012 in the Greater Paramaribo Region in Suriname. To investigate the link between income inequality and socio-economic segregation, occupation is used as a proxy for socio-economic status. The Dissimilarity Index is used to evaluate the level of segregation between different socio-economic and ethnic groups. The link between ethnicity and socio-economic status is also analysed. Results show that the highest level of socio-economic segregation exists between the higher socio-economic group (top occupational categories) and the lower socio-economic group (bottom occupational categories). It was also found that even though the Region is ethnically diverse, different ethnic groups tend to concentrate in different neighbourhoods. These segregated ethnicities are in turn linked to the higher and lower level socio-economic groups.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Byrne, Adrian. "Pricing Risk: An XAI Analysis of Irish Car Insurance Premiums." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63803-9_17.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWith the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes and impending European Union (EU) legislation aiming to safeguard citizens from potential harm, this paper investigates the determinants impacting individual drivers’ car insurance costs. The fundamental principle guiding insurance premiums is the assessment of policyholders’ perceived risk. However, the specific elements informing this assessment remain opaque. To take a deeper look inside the model, our study developed an automated process to collect quote data, considering diverse factors including gender, age (as a proxy for driving experience), geographical location, occupation, and driving history. By conducting an audit of pricing algorithms utilised by insurance companies in the Irish car insurance sector, we gathered quotes from online platforms available in Ireland. Our research provides valuable insights into the multifaceted factors influencing car insurance premiums in Ireland, shedding light on the complexities underlying the algorithmic calculations of insurance quotations. While acknowledging the intricacy of the industry, our analysis reveals evidence of several potentially problematic issues. Notably, we identify that place of residence and occupation exert a direct and substantial impact on the prices quoted to drivers. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the determinants shaping car insurance premiums, emphasising the need for transparency and fairness within the insurance industry. The findings underscore the significance of addressing systemic disparities and biases in insurance pricing practices to ensure equitable treatment for all drivers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bortnick, Kevin. "DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy." In Occupational Therapy Assessments for Older Adults. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003525288-112.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Staneva, Mila, and Stuart Elliott. "Measuring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics on the Workplace." In New Digital Work. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26490-0_2.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractUnderstanding how AI and robotics impact the workplace is fundamental for understanding the broader impact of these technologies on the economy and society. It can also help in developing realistic scenarios about how jobs and skill demand will be redefined in the next decades and how education systems should evolve in response. This chapter provides a literature review of studies that aim at measuring the extent to which AI and robotics can automate work. The chapter presents five assessment approaches: 1) an approach that focuses on occupational tasks and analyzes whether these tasks can be automated; 2) an approach that draws on information from patents to assess computer capabilities; 3) indicators that use AI-related job postings as a proxy for AI deployment in firms; 4) measures relying on benchmarks from computer science; 5) and an approach that compares computer capabilities to human skills using standardized tests developed for humans. The chapter discusses the differences between these measurement approaches and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes by formulating recommendations for future work.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Payne, Mark. "The Apocalyptic Cosmos." In Flowers of Time. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205946.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter examines how Mary Shelley refashions Hesiod's search for a continuous ground of humanness that persists through catastrophic transformations of the foundations of social life. It looks at Hesiod's Works and Days, which consists of survival instructions and ontological reflections on what it means for human beings to have to repeatedly rediscover themselves in the occupations of survival. It also mentions Shelley's critics who saw willful cruelty toward humankind in The Last Man. The chapter explains how Shelley brackets the question of motive in the destruction of humankind and makes herself a proxy of Nature in bringing the era of human occupation of the earth to an end. It mentions Olaf Stapledon, an English writer of speculative fiction that focuses on how human beings relate to cosmic forces that produce drastic transformations in their physical being and form of life.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Shipton, Ceri, Shimona Kealy, and Sue O'Connor. "Pleistocene and Early Holocene Occupation on the Eastern Wallacean Islands." In The Oxford Handbook of Island and Coastal Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197607770.013.26.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Here we propose a new index for estimating Paleolithic human population density from archaeological data, combining Bayesian modeled age ranges of stratigraphic contexts with an independent durable proxy in the form of knapped stone artifacts. We employ the measure of lithics per square meter per annum on test cases from multiple islands in eastern Wallacea, examining how populations changed during the period of sea-level rise from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Middle Holocene. There is a complex picture of patterns, varying according to the particular circumstances of each island and site; but overall populations seem to have increased alongside rising sea levels, with increasing exploitation of marine protein resources on those islands that are depauperate in terrestrial fauna. Increasing population goes hand in hand with increasing connectivity, with the emergence of inter-island obsidian exchange and shell bead traditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rhee, Suk Koo. "Introduction: The War That Is Not One." In The Korean War Novel. Edinburgh University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399524520.003.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction starts with an overview of the controversy over the origins of the Korean War, along with a brief timeline of the war, discussing each of the traditional proxy war, the revisionist, and compound war theories on the Korean War. It also engages with the controversy over the beginning and ending of the Cold War and, above all, the latest challenges raised by Heonik Kwon and Jodi Kim to the traditional definition of the Cold War. Most importantly, it discusses the repercussions on the local politics caused by the division and occupation of the Korean peninsula by the US and the Soviet Union in the wake of national liberation. In this view, the US military rule in southern Korea fashioned the postliberation Korean politics in the Cold War formation. This emphasis on the Cold War as a determining factor in dividing Korea is not intended to suggest that the Korean War should be viewed merely through the lens of the international contest between the two major superpowers for global hegemony. After all, there is a dimension to the Korean War that cannot be entirely subsumed under a proxy war.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ostovar, Afshon. "The Path to Jerusalem." In Wars of Ambition. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190940980.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This chapter explores Iran’s decades-long aspirations to export the Islamic Revolution to Iraq, and use Iraq as a springboard for transforming the Middle East—beginning with the liberation of Palestine and the destruction of Israel as a Jewish state. Although Iran failed to achieve that result in the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iran pursued a proxy war against the US-led occupation to that end, funding and training Iraqi militants, arming them with lethal explosively formed penetrators (EFPs), and orchestrating their boldest operations. Through that strategy, Iran emerged as a powerbroker in Iraq. In the midst of that effort, the IRGC supported Hezbollah’s political victory over Israel in the July 2006 war. Hezbollah’s success in that conflict presaged Iran’s rising regional power and eventual victory in Iraq, which it secured with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in December 2011.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fingerhut, Hannah, Elveda Gozdas, and S. M. Hadi Hosseini. "Quantitative MRI Evidence for Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Elders and Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease." In Handbook of Prevention and Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad230006.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) has been postulated to contribute to the variation observed between neuropathology and clinical outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: We investigated the effect of an education-occupation derived CR proxy on biological properties of white matter tracts in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy elders (HC). Methods: Educational attainment and occupational complexity ratings (complexity with data, people, and things) from thirty-five patients with aMCI and twenty-eight HC were used to generate composite CR scores. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and multi-shell diffusion MRI were used to extract macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) across major white matter tracts. Results: We observed significant differences in the association between CR and white matter tract MTV in aMCI versus HC when age, gender, intracranial volume, and memory ability were held constant. Particularly, in aMCI, higher CR was associated with worse tract pathology (lower MTV) in the left and right dorsal cingulum, callosum forceps major, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tracts. Conversely higher CR was associated with higher MTV in the right parahippocampal cingulum and left SLF in HC. Conclusion: Our results support compensatory CR mechanisms in aMCI and neuroprotective mechanisms in HC and suggest differential roles for CR on white matter macromolecular properties in healthy elders versus prodromal AD patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Spector, Paul E. "Occupational Stress in the Global World." In The Oxford Handbook of Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190085384.013.12.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The study of occupational stress had its beginning primarily in Scandinavia and Northern Europe and has only recently spread to the rest of the world. This chapter summarizes research that addresses cross-cultural and cross-national (CC/CN) occupational stress research. It begins with a discussion of typical design approaches, specifically collecting data in one country; collecting data in two or more countries, which allows comparisons of means and correlations; collecting data in multiple countries and analyzing at the country level (i.e., country means); and multilevel studies that analyze data at both the person and country level. Some studies use country as a proxy for culture (cross-national), whereas others include a cultural variable (cross-cultural). A review of the CC/CN literature found 32 studies. This literature is fragmented, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The review showed that even with rigorous backtranslation procedures, instruments do not always maintain psychometric properties. People in individualistic societies report higher levels of well-being, and stronger stressor-strain relationships. The same occupational stressor can manifest itself differently across countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Hadkhale, Kishor, Jan Ivar Martinsen, Elisabete Weiderpass, et al. "0460 Smoking adjusted occupational risk of bladder cancer using proxy smoking from lung cancer in nordic males." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.381.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Barul, Christine, Charlotte Salmon, Miceline Mésidor, Canisius Fantodji, Jennifer Yu, and Hugues Richard. "O-89 Using proxy respondents when assessing occupational circumstances: impact on expert assessments of reliability in the assignment of chemical exposures." In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.90.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Parent, Marie-Élise, Charlotte Salmon, Christine Barul, et al. "O-90 Comparing responses from proxy and self-respondents in a population-based case-control study of occupational exposures and prostate cancer." In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.91.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hadkhale, Kishor, Jan Iver Martinsen, Elisabete Weiderpass, et al. "144 Smoking adjusted incidence of bladder cancer using proxy smoking from lung cancer in nordic males." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1056.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Descatha, Alexis, Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Ida EH Madsen, Reiner Rugulies, Paraskevi Peristera, and Hugo Westerlund. "0058 Accuracy of a single item on mentally tiring work as proxy measure of job demands and efforts in the gazel cohort." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Occupation by proxy"

1

Carlsson, Magnus, Stefan Eriksson, and Dan-Olof Rooth. Language Proficiency and Hiring of Immigrants: Evidence from a New Field Experimental Approach. Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics and Statistics., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ns.wp.2023.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Labor markets in advanced economies have undergone substantial change in recentdecades due to globalization, technological improvements, and organizational changes. Due tothese developments, oral and written language skills have become increasingly important evenin less skilled jobs. Immigrants – who often have limited skills in the host country languageupon arrival – are likely to be particularly affected by the increase in language requirements.Despite this increase in literacy requirements, little is known about how immigrants’ languageproficiency is rewarded in the labor market. However, estimating the causal effect ofimmigrants’ language skills on hiring is challenging due to potential biases caused by omittedvariables, reverse causality, and measurement error.To address identification problems, we conduct a large-scale field experiment, where wesend thousands of fictitious resumes to employers with a job opening. With the help of aprofessional linguist, we manipulate the cover letters by introducing common second-languagefeatures, which makes the resumes reflect variation in the language skills of real-worldmigrants. Our findings show that better language proficiency in the cover letter has a strongpositive effect on the callback rate for a job interview: moving from the lowest level of languageproficiency to a level similar to natives almost doubles the callback rate. Consistent with therecent development that language proficiency is also important for many low- and mediumskilledjobs, the effect of better language skills does not vary across the vastly different typesof occupations we study. Finally, the results from employer surveys suggest that it is improvedlanguage skills per se that is the dominant explanation behind the language proficiency effect,rather than language skills acting as a proxy for other unobserved abilities or characteristics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Occupation by proxy' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography