Academic literature on the topic 'Oil plant(vegetal)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oil plant(vegetal)"
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Pop, Georgeta, Ersilia Alexa, Tiberiu Iancu, Florin Imbrea, and Adrian Laza. "Study on the Influence of Soil and Fertilization on Amino Acid Content in Oil Linen." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.4.5551.
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Research results on oil linen (Linum usitatissimum L.) point out the importance of this crop not only as an oil plant but also as a plant with multiple opportunities of diversification. The experiment was set at the Didactic and Research Station within the Banat�s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine King Michael I of Romania from Timisoara. The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of soil and fertilization on amino acid content level and structure in oil flax vegetal protein. Cultivar plays a determining role on the content of amino acids in oil flax vegetal protein: the sum of amino acids ranges between 16.21 and 22.44 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization changes the amount of amino acids: the sum of amino acids ranges between 17.08 and 23.32 g/100 g of grits. Fertilization also determines changes of the level and structure of amino acids in oil flax protein.
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Figueiredo, Rafael Cavalcante, Waldireny Caldas Rocha, and Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas. "Efeito Inseticida do Óleo Essencial e Extratos Etanólicos das Folhas de Mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) Sobre o Gorgulho do Milho (Sitophilus zeamais Mots)." Ensaios e Ciência: C. Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 22, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n2p80-84.
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Os gorgulhos atacam indistintamente grãos armazenados, causando anualmente enormes prejuízos. Medidas de controle, que causem menorimpacto ambiental, como alternativa para diminuir a aplicação de agrotóxicos e a utilização de inseticidas vegetais são importantes. O Mastruz (C. ambrosioides) é uma planta medicinal herbácea, originária da América Central e do Sul, suas folhas e frutos acumulam óleo essencial rico em ascaridol, princípio ativo responsável pelo efeito vermífugo da planta. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o potencial de ação inseticida do Mastruz sobre o gorgulho Sithophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em condições experimentais. Os experimentos foram realizados na Universidade Federal do Amazonas. O 1kg do material vegetal foi coletado na cidade de Coari, Amazonas, para a extração do óleo e para os extratos contendo etanol. Os insetos utilizados no experimento foram criados no laboratório de Zoologia. Foi realizada a cromatografia, em camada delgada, no laboratório QBioma. Foram pesadas as amostras extraídas da planta, total de 0,010g, e diluídas em 10mL de água destilada, preparada em cubas e as placas cromatográficas de 5cm x 10cm, contendo na cuba uma proporção de fase móvel de 1:1 de 1:1 de Hexano e Acetato de etila totalizando 10mL de solução, obteve-se uma separação das bandas. Nas concentrações de óleo, a eficiência no efeito inseticida foi observada a partir de 15μL, e os extratos etanólicos apenas nas concentrações de 1:1\2 e 1:1, ostrando a eficiência da planta como inseticida para o inseto-praga. Palavras-chave: Gorgulho do Milho. Extratos de Plantas. Toxicidade de Plantas. Bioensaios, Cromatografia.AbstractThe weevils indiscriminately attack stored grains, causing enormous losses annually. Control measures that cause less environmental impactas an alternative to reduce the application of agrochemicals and the use of plant insecticides are important. Mastruz (C. ambrosioides) isan herbaceous medicinal plant, originating in South Central America, its leaves and fruits accumulate essential oil rich in ascaridol, activeprinciple responsible for the plant’s vermifuge effect. The present work aims to investigate the Mastruz insecticidal action potential on theweevil Sithophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under experimental conditions. The experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas. 1kg of the vegetal material was collected in the city of Coari, Amazonas for the extraction of the oil and for the extracts containing ethanol. The insects used in the experiment were created in the Zoology laboratory. Thin layer chromatography wasperformed in QBioma laboratory. Samples extracted from the plant, total of 0.010g, and diluted in 10mL of distilled water prepared in vats and5cm x 10cm chromatographic plates were weighed, containing in the vat a 1: 1 mobile phase ratio of 1: 1 of Hexane and ethyl acetate totaling10mL of solution, a separation of the bands was obtained. In the concentrations of oil the efficiency in the insecticidal effect was observed from 15μL, and the ethanolic extracts only at concentrations of 1: 1 \ 2 and 1: 1, showing the plant efficiency as insecticide for the insect-plague.Keywords: Corn weevil. Plant extracts. Plant toxicity. Bioassays. Chromatography.
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Silva, Leirson Rodrigues. "PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E PERFIL DOS ÁCIDOS GRAXOS DO ÓLEO DA ANDIROBA." Nativa 6, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i2.4729.
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Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae) é uma planta nativa do Brasil, principalmente encontrada na região Norte. Esta tem sido reconhecida pelas suas propriedades fitoterápicas e medicinais, inclusive aos do óleo vegetal, mesmo assim ainda são necessários estudos mais aprofundados a respeito da caracterização pós-colheita do fruto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar no óleo fixo extraído da semente de andiroba, as propriedades físico-químicas e o perfil dos ácidos graxos. O óleo fixo foi obtido sob prévia extração por prensagem a frio e caracterizado quanto a: ácidos graxos livres (%), índice de acidez (mg. NaOH/g-1), índice de peróxidos (meq/1000g), índice de saponificação (mg. KOH/g-1), índice de iodo (g. I2/100g-1), pH, polifenóis extraíveis totais (mg. 100g-1), cor (L*, a*, b* e °Hue) e composição em ácidos graxos (%). Os resultados das propriedades físico-químicas demonstraram que estes se enquadram dentro dos padrões recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores de identidade e qualidade de óleos vegetais. Ao mesmo tempo, a análise cromatográfica apresentou como ácido graxo insaturado majoritário, o ácido oleico cujo valor foi de 42,71%. Além disso, o óleo apresentou o ácido palmítico (31,02%) como o principal ácido graxo saturado constituinte. Portanto, o óleo aqui estudado apresentou excelentes características de qualidade, assim como grande potencial químico-farmacológico.Palavra-chave: Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae, qualidade, componentes funcionais, cromatografia. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PROFILE OF ANDIROBA OIL FATTY ACIDS ABSTRACT:Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae) is a native plant of Brazil, mainly found in the North region. This has been recognized for its phytotherapeutic and medicinal properties, including those of vegetable oil, even though further studies on postharvest characterization of fruit are still required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oil fixed extracted from the andiroba seed, the physicochemical properties and the profile of the fatty acids. The fixed oil was obtained under prior extraction by cold pressing and characterized as: free fatty acids (%), acid number (mg. NaOH/g-1), peroxide index (meq/1000g), saponification index (mg. KOH/g-1), iodine content (g. I2/100g-1), pH, total extractable polyphenols (mg. 100g-1), color (L *, a *, b * and °Hue) and fatty acid composition (%). The results of the physico-chemical properties have shown that these are within the standards recommended by the regulating organs of identity and quality of vegetal oils. At the same time, the chromatographic analysis presented as the majority unsaturated fatty acid, the oleic acid whose value was 42,71%. In addition, the oil had palmitic acid (31,02%) as the main constituent saturated fatty acid. Therefore, the oil studied here presented excellent quality characteristics, as well as great chemical-pharmacological potential.Keywords: Carapa guianensis Aublet, Meliaceae, quality, functional components, chromatography. DOI:
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Jasper, Mônica, Maristella Dalla Pria, and Andressa Andrade e. Silva. "Uso do leite de vaca in natura no controle de oídio na cultura da gérbera." Summa Phytopathologica 35, no. 4 (December 2009): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052009000400011.
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Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world, used as cut or vase flower. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of milk in natura to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) on gerbera. The treatments tested were: two concentrations of cow's milk in natura (8 and 16%), with and without adjuvant (vegetal oil), three fungicides (fenarimol -6 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O, chlorothalonil -150 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O and azoxystrobin + mineral oil - 10 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O) and control treatment. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot based on disease severity. Milk in natura applied with adjuvant controlled the disease and did not allow the infection and development of pathogen. The addition of adjuvant improves the efficiency of milk in natura, but it requires subsequent washing of plants with H2O + detergent. The fungicide fenarimol promoted the best control and also the best gerbera visual aspect. The fungicide azoxystrobin + mineral oil and the chlorothalonil were phytotoxic to gerbera plants, affecting the aspect of leaves and flowers.
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Ávila, Marizangela Rizzatti, Alessandro de Lucca e. Braccini, Carlos Alberto Scapim, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Telmo Antônio Tonin, and Marcibela Stülp. "Bioregulator application, agronomic efficiency, and quality of soybean seeds." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 6 (December 2008): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000600006.
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The application of vegetal bioregulators has shown promising results, mainly in cultures that have already reached a high level of technology. Based on this context an experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating agronomic traits of plants, such as yield and quality of seeds, produced by applying bioregulators to a soybean crop. For this purpose, the following treatments were carried out: before sowing - seed treatment (25, 50 and 75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds); during sowing time - spraying on the sowing lines (pulverization onto the sowing lines) (50, 100 and 150 mL ha-1); between stages V5 and V6 (25, 50 and 75 mL ha-1); and the control - no treatment. Emergence speed, final seedling emergence, number of pods and seeds per plant, average height of plants, first pod insertion height, duration of the cycle, final stand, degree of plant layering, and the yield and weight of one thousand seeds were evaluated. The quality of seeds was evaluated based on germination, classification of seedling vigor, tetrazolium, health test and the quantity of oil and protein tests. The highest yield of grains, an increase of 92% as compared to the control, was obtained when using the product at a dose of 75 mL ha-1. The best quality seeds and the highest oil and protein content were obtained from seeds produced by plants whose seeds were treated before sowing time using the bioregulator (75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds).
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Benyoussef, El Hadi, and Rahma Bessah. "Potential of Renewable Energies Integration in an Essential Oils Extraction Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.561.
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This paper presents an essential oil extraction process in accordance with sustainable development and environmental protection. The idea is to use vegetal plant after extraction as a source of energy for steam production and the condensation of steam containing essential oil is ensured by an air-cooled condenser. In this prospect, a biomass burner was designed and its efficiency was evaluated and compared to an electrical heating system. From the experiments it was found that biomass could supply the energy needed to produce steam for essential oil extraction process. The essential oil yield and composition are comparable to those obtained by a classical method using an electrical heating system and a water-cooled condenser. The industrial projection and innovation lays in the integration of renewable energy in existing mobile extraction units by using solid waste as a source of energy for steam production. The condensation of steam containing essential oil can be ensured by an air-cooled condenser with fans powered by photovoltaic solar energy. Possibilities of clean energy integration and water economy in such process unit are the major technological advance in this alternative approach for energy and water savings especially in agro-based industries.
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Queiroz, Manoel Abílio de. "Recursos Genéticos Vegetais da Caatinga para o Desenvolvimento do Semiárido Brasileiro (Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 6 (March 21, 2012): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i6.232770.
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O Semiárido brasileiro, caracterizado por uma precipitação abaixo de 800 mm por ano, grande taxa de evaporação e elevado risco de seca, tem uma extensão aproximada de um milhão de quilômetros quadrados, que encerra 1.133 municípios de nove Estados e onde se insere o bioma caatinga. É uma região que apresenta grande variação ambiental e dentro dos recursos naturais, a cobertura vegetal aliada ao conhecimento e inovação é a que apresenta maior chance de manejo com vistas a criar potencialidades para serem integradas nas estratégias de desenvolvimento. O bioma caatinga vem sendo estudado e mais de duas mil espécies foram identificadas, porém, umas 130 espécies endêmicas, consideradas prioritárias, podem apresentar vários usos como forrageiras, madeireiras, ornamentais, frutíferas, apícolas, plantas produtoras de fibra, ceras, óleos e taninos além de plantas medicinais, embora uma grande quantidade de espécies sejam de usos múltiplos. No entanto, a quase totalidade dos estudos considera as espécies como se todos os indivíduos fossem iguais, deixando de considerar a variação infraespecífica, onde se inserem os recursos genéticos vegetais e que podem ser usados para os diversos fins. Algumas espécies, contudo, foram consideradas no que tange aos recursos genéticos, porém, a grande maioria delas não tem coleções estabelecidas, e muito menos, estudadas. Dentro das diversas espécies da caatinga, os mutantes sem espinhos poderão ser atrativos para diferentes usos. A caatinga também pode ser objeto de estudo dos mecanismos de economia de uso de água e de nutrientes de fontes não convencionais e os micro-organismos poderão ajudar nessa tarefa. Palavras - chave: plantas da caatinga, cobertura vegetal, usos da vegetação. Caatinga Plant Genetic Resources for the Developmentof the Brazilian Semiarid ABSTRACTThe Brazilian Semiarid, characterized by 800 mm or less of rainfall, very high evaporation and drought risk, comprises one million square kilometers which encloses 1.133 counties, where the biome caatinga is inserted. It is a region that presents great environmental variation but among its natural resources, the vegetation along with knowledge and innovation presents the major potential to be managed as to generate potentialities and be integrated in development strategies. The plants of this biome are currently being studied and more than two thousand species were identified, but, only 130 endemic species are considered of priority for different uses as fodder, timber, ornamentals, fruit trees, honeybee and medicinal plants and, also, plants for production of fibers, wax, oil, tannins, although many species are of multiple uses. However, the large majority of the studies on plants of caatinga consider the species as if all plants of a species were similar, without consideration to the infraspecific variation, and this is where the plant genetic resources of caatinga are and can be used for different purposes. Some species, however, were considered as far as the plant genetic resources is concerned, but, the great majority of species do not have germplasm collections, and even more, have not been studied yet. Among several plant species of caatinga, the spineless mutants may have different uses. The plants of caatinga can also be used to study the mechanisms of water economy, the nutrient supply from nonconventional sources and the soil microorganisms can help in this task. Keywords: plants of caatinga, plant cover, plant uses.
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González-Calderón, Ana Karen, Natalia Alejandra García-Flores, Ana Sofía Elizondo-Rodríguez, Mariana Zavala-López, Silverio García-Lara, Néstor Ponce-García, and Anayansi Escalante-Aburto. "Effect of the Addition of Different Vegetal Mixtures on the Nutritional, Functional, and Sensorial Properties of Snacks Based on Pseudocereals." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102271.
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Quick meals available in markets are popular among consumers. Generally, these products are not recognized as functional foods owing to nutrient-poor composition. In this study, energy snack bars were developed with different formulations, using puffed quinoa, amaranth, cacao liquor, and coconut oil, and the effects of the addition of commercial vegetal mixtures (VM) on nutritional and functional properties were assessed. VM addition showed significant effects on the protein, lipid, and fiber contents, phenolic compounds (PHC) content, and antioxidant activity of the snacks. The control snack showed higher levels of free and bound PHC. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) analyses recorded highest values of free PHC (9392.7 μmol TE/100 g dry weight) in PC65 (concentrate based on a combination of vegetal proteins), whereas the highest bound PHC levels of 47,087 and 46,531 μmol TE/100 g dry weight were observed in PC65 and the control snacks, respectively. Sensorial attributes assessment provided a high score on the hedonic scale, wherein panelists detected no differences among the samples. Altogether, the selection of non-conventional ingredients with high antioxidant activities emerged as a successful strategy to produce sensory acceptable meals.
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Tonin, Perrine, Nathalie Gosselet, Emélie Halle, and Marjorie Henrion. "Ideal oil and protein crops – what are users ideotypes, from the farmer to the consumer?" OCL 25, no. 6 (November 2018): D605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018060.
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Oil & protein ideotypes might be “ideal” in terms of agronomy, they cannot be grown if they do not meet a demand. And while plant breeding takes years to develop new varieties, consumers can change their habits very quickly. Understand the “ideal” crops from the downstream point of view is therefore of paramount importance for R&D. In this review, we look at the current and what may be the future demands for the oil and protein crops. Because of diversity of products and consumers around the world, we chose to focus on French and Western Europe productions and markets: 1) consumers are in a quest for quality, traceability and sustainability (economic, social and environmental) with specific focus on GMO-free and organic demands. Some go vegan and more and more people switch from animal to vegetal protein intakes. And they want to rethink the agriculture model. 2) The food industry must adapt to all these demands while develop solutions for technological obstacles and remain cost-competitive. 3) The farmer needs crop profitability that relies on high and steady yields, eco-friendly and cost-competitive crop management techniques and decent price.
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Robert, Chloe, Charline Buisson, Leslie Couëdelo, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Carole Knibbe, Emmanuelle Loizon, Laurence Fonseca, Fabienne Laugerette, Carole Vaysse, and Marie-Caroline Michalski. "Differential Metabolic Impact of Natural Food-Grade Emulsifiers Rich in Alpha-Linolenic Acid." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_094.
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Abstract Objectives Dietary synthetic emulsifiers have recently been shown to promote metabolic syndrome and considerably alter gut microbiota. Conversely, natural emulsifiers such as milk polar lipids (PL) are associated with beneficial metabolic effects. The effects of plant PL remain, however, poorly described. Our objective was to evaluate, using two complimentary rodent models, the impact of nutritional doses of lecithin (≤10%) of vegetal sources alternative to soy on gut microbiota, postprandial lipid metabolism, and the bioavailability of an essential plant lipid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Methods For 5 days, male Swiss mice (n = 60) were fed normolipidic diets (identical ALA content) containing 0, 1, 3 or 10% rapeseed lecithin (RL) or 10% soy lecithin. Following an overnight fast, the mice were force-fed the same oil mix and euthanised after 90 min. As a mechanistic study, male Wistar rats (n = 30) with mesenteric duct cannulation were fed 5 oil mixtures containing 0 to 20% RL. Lymph fractions were collected up to 6 h post-gavage. Plasma and lymph lipid composition was determined using GC-FID, chylomicron (CM) size using light-scattering spectroscopy, and intestinal gene expression and faecal microbiota composition by RT-qPCR. Results In mice, the consumption of lecithin significantly increased levels of faecal Clostridium leptum (P < 0.001), regardless of lecithin origin or dose. The partial replacement of oil with lecithin did not significantly alter plasma total lipids nor the expression of genes of intestinal lipid absorption. The percentage of ALA in plasma triglycerides was significantly higher in the 10% RL group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In rats, RL significantly and dose-dependently increased the rate of appearance (P < 0.01) and concentration of ALA in lymph (P < 0.01). 20% RL additionally increased CM size and expression of genes of CM secretion (Mttp, Sar1b; P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results reveal that, whereas both rapeseed and soy lecithin improved gut microbiota composition by increasing the anti-inflammatory Clostridium leptum bacterial group, only rapeseed lecithin enhanced ALA bioavailability. This study illustrates the importance of considering the use of natural emulsifiers, especially rapeseed lecithin, as plant-based food ingredients with potential health benefits. Funding Sources ANRT and UMT ACTIA BALI.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil plant(vegetal)"
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Pighinelli, Anna Leticia Montenegro Turtelli. "Estudo da extração mecanica e da transesterificação etilica de oleos vegetais." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256955.
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Orientador: Kil Jin ParkTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biodiesel em rota etílica à partir de quatro matérias-primas. A primeira etapa do trabalho foi avaliar o processo de prensagem para extração de óleo de amendoim em casca, algodão com línter e girassol. Para isso foi utilizado um planejamento experimental, avaliando a influência da temperatura (25 a 110oC) e teor de umidade (4 a 13,95%) dos grãos e da rotação da prensa (85 a 119rpm), no rendimento em óleo bruto e também na qualidade do óleo para ser utilizado como matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel. Para a extração do óleo de amendoim, a melhor condição obtida foi para a faixa de rotação entre 80 e 90rpm, temperatura entre 40 e 50oC e teor de umidade entre 8 e 12%, com 95,74% de óleo removido. Na prensagem do algodão, o melhor rendimento foi de 75,38% em óleo bruto, para rotação de 85rpm, teor de umidade de 9% e temperatura do grão entre 110 e 120oC. O maior rendimento em óleo bruto de girassol, 68,38%, para rotação da prensa entre 100 e 115rpm, temperatura do grão entre 25 e 30oC e teor de umidade próximo de 7%. A etapa seguinte foi a de transesterificação dos óleos brutos filtrados em laboratório, avaliando a influência da razão molar etanol:óleo e da concentração de catalisador metilato de sódio, no rendimento em biodiesel bruto. Para o biodiesel bruto de amendoim, o maior rendimento alcançado foi de 96,82% para razão molar de 9:1 e 3% de catalisador. A produção de biodiesel de algodão foi prejudicada pela alta acidez do óleo, que inviabilizou a reação química nas condições experimentais previstas neste trabalho. A transesterificação etílica do óleo de girassol apresentou rendimento máximo de 98,39% em biodiesel bruto para razão molar de 9:1 e 3% de catalisador. O óleo refinado de soja também foi utilizado, apresentando rendimento máximo em biodiesel bruto de 97,08% para razão molar de 15:1 e 3% de catalisador. Os pontos críticos obtidos em laboratório foram utilizados na transesterificação em reator piloto e o biodiesel produzido foi purificado por lavagem com água acidificada, sílica e por destilação, avaliando a qualidade do produto final conforme legislação da ANP. A destilação foi o melhor método de purificação para todas as amostras de biodiesel. Dentre as oleaginosas aqui estudadas, pode-se afirmar que o girassol foi a melhor para produção de biodiesel, apresentando um bom desempenho durante a prensagem, com bom rendimento em óleo, facilidade na transesterificação e na purificação. O cultivo do girassol contribui para o melhoramento do solo e a torta resultante da prensagem é rica em proteínas, com possibilidade de comercialização
Abstract: The present work had as aim to evaluate biodiesel production using ethanol and four types of raw materials. In the first part of the study, the oil expression of hole peanut grain, cottonseed and sunflower was evaluated. A experimental design with two variables was used to estimate the influence of the independent variables: grain temperature (25 to 110oC), grain moisture content (4 to 13.95%) and expeller rotation (85 to 119rpm) on the crude oil and oil quality for its use in biodiesel production. The best condition for peanut oil expeller was: rotation from 80 to 90rpm, grain temperature from 40 to 50oC and grain moisture content from 8 to 12%, with a maximum oil recovered of 95.74%. For cottonseed oil expeller, the best oil yield was 75.38%, for 85rpm of expeller rotation, 9% of grain moisture content and grain temperature ranged from 110 to 120oC. Sunflower crude oil best results, 68.38%, was achieved for rotation ranged from 100 to 115rpm, grain temperature from 25 to 30oC and moisture content around 7%. The follow study was the transesterification of crude oils, evaluating the influence of molar ratio ethanol:oil and catalyst concentration sodium methylate, on the unpurified biodiesel yield. The higher unpurified peanut biodiesel yield was 96.82% using molar ratio of 9:1 and 3% of catalyst. Cottonseed biodiesel production was affected by oil high acid value so the chemical reaction not occurs in the experimental conditions provided in this work. Sunflower oil ethanolysis had the higher yield of 98.39% for a molar ratio of 9:1 with 3% of sodium methylate. Refined soybean oil was also used in biodiesel production; the maximum biodiesel yield was 97.08% for a molar ratio of 15:1 and 3% of catalyst. Critical experimental conditions obtained in laboratory scale were applied in small reactor and the biodiesel produced was purified with acid water, silica and distillation. All biodiesel samples had quality aspects evaluated concerning Brazilian legislation. Distillation was the best purification method for all biodiesel types. Amongst all oilseeds evaluated, sunflower had the best performance in all studies: oil expeller, oil yield, biodiesel production and biodiesel purification. Sunflower cultivation contributes for soil improvement and the cake resulting from oil expeller has a higher protein level and has market value
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Gorni, Pedro Henrique. "Promoção de crescimento e atividade elicitora do ácido salicílico em Achillea millefolium L." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2015. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/446.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-07Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound found in plants and has multiple functions, including hormone action of stimulating plant growth and development and induction of plant defense responses under conditions of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this sense, research related to SA elicitor action on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants has been conducted in order to increase the economic value of these species. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar application of SA on biomass production and the synthesis of secondary compounds in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. - Asteraceae), a medicinal species commercially produced as feedstock for the world of phytomedications industry. The experiment was conducted in potted plants under greenhouse conditions. The application of SA was made at concentrations of (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) at 20 days after transplanting the seedlings to pots. The effect of SA on the metabolism of yarrow plants was evaluated through biometric parameters of growth (leaf area, leaf number, biomass production and root, root / shoot ratio and leaf area / number of sheets ratio) and biochemical parameters (levels of phenolic compounds, essential oil, pigment content and antioxidant capacity). Exogenous application of SA in the concentration of 0.50 mM resulted in linear increases in biomass accumulation of root, total dry mass, root / shoot ratio and chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a + b in yarrow plants. The shoot dry mass, leaf area, leaf number and leaf area / number of sheets ratio were not changed by the application of SA and the anthocyanin content, carotenoids and chlorophyll b. The positive effects on the secondary metabolism were evidenced by increases in the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in 0.50 and 1.00 mM concentrations. The content and essential oil yield were higher in plants treated with 0,50 mM. It concludes that the use of SA is advantageous in management technique for obtaining increases in total dry mass of yarrow plants due to greater dry mass of roots. The elicitor effect was obtained with the application of 0.50 mM of SA, resulting in greater economic value of the feedstock due to increased production of secondary compounds, such as phenolic compounds and essential oils, and a concomitant increase in antioxidant activity the plant extract.
O ácido salicílico (AS) é um composto fenólico presente em plantas e que possui múltiplas funções, dentre elas a ação hormonal de estímulo ao crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal e a indução das respostas de defesa da planta sob condições de estresses bióticos e abióticos. Neste sentido, pesquisas relacionadas à ação elicitora do AS sobre a síntese de metabólitos secundários em plantas medicinais vem sendo conduzidas com a finalidade de se aumentar o valor econômico destas espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito da aplicação foliar de AS sobre a produção de biomassa e a síntese de compostos secundários em plantas de mil-folhas (Achillea millefolium L. Asteraceae), uma espécie medicinal produzida comercialmente como matéria prima para a indústria mundial de fitomedicamentos. O experimento foi conduzido em plantas envasadas sob condições de casa de vegetação. A aplicação do AS foi efetuada nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,50 e 1,00 mM aos 20 dias após o transplante das mudas para os vasos. O efeito do AS sobre o metabolismo das plantas de mil-folhas foi avaliado através de parâmetros biométricos de crescimento (área foliar, número de folhas, produção de biomassa aérea e radicular, razão raiz / parte aérea e razão área foliar / número de folhas) e parâmetros bioquímicos (teores de compostos fenólicos, óleo essencial, teores de pigmentos e capacidade antioxidante). A aplicação exógena de AS na concentração de 0,50 mM resultou em aumentos lineares no acúmulo de massa seca de raiz, massa seca total, razão raiz / parte aérea e teores de clorofila a e clorofila a+b em plantas de mil-folhas. A massa seca da parte aérea, área foliar, número de folhas e razão área foliar / número de folhas não foram alteradas pela aplicação de AS, bem como os teores de antocianinas, carotenóides e clorofila b. Os efeitos positivos sobre o metabolismo secundário foram evidenciados pelos aumentos na concentração de compostos fenólicos totais e da atividade antioxidante nas concentrações 0,50 e 1,00 mM. O teor e rendimento de óleo essencial foram maiores em plantas tratadas com 0,50 mM. Concluiu-se que a utilização de AS constitui-se em técnica de manejo vantajosa para a obtenção de aumento na massa seca total das plantas de mil-folhas, devido à maior massa seca de raízes. O efeito elicitor foi obtido com a aplicação de 0,50 mM de AS, resultando em maior valor econômico da matéria prima, devido ao aumento na produção de compostos secundários, tais como fenóis totais e óleo essencial, além de um concomitante aumento na atividade antioxidante do extrato vegetal.
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Weber, Laís Dayane. "Composição química, atividade bacteriana e antioxidante de óleo essencial e diferentes extratos vegetais de Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/688.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-15Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu
The antimicrobial property of the plants can be explained by the production of active compounds generated during secondary metabolism as well as volatile compounds. Currently, the knowledge of this property have been confirmed scientifically, thus revealing the enormous potential of the plants in the control of infectious diseases, while there is an increase in cases of pathogenic microrganisms resistant to known antibiotics. Essential oils and extracts of plants have shown effects on growth of micro -organisms in many situations, suggesting practical use thereof. In the present study focused on the research of plants as alternative and natural source of antimicrobial substances, determined the chemical composition of the essential oil and various plant extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane) of Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. by GC/MS and phytochemical screening respectively, and its antimicrobial effect against microorganisms Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram positive Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Bacillus subtilis (CCCD - B005) and yeast such as Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) by determining the values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using the microdilution broth; and finally we sought to evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oil and plant extracts by the capture of free radicals DPPH (2.2difenil-1-picryl-hydrazyl). The largest class of volatile compounds identified in the oil was Prunus myrtifolia benzaldehyde (97%) followed by 3-hexen-1-ol (0.07 %) and benzyl benzoate (0.09 %). Generally through the phytochemical screening of the extracts was found the presence of secondary metabolites such as, flavonoids, tannins (ethanolic and aqueous), and triterpenoid saponins (ethanolic), which have proven active in different studies in the literature. Compared to hexane extract showed absence of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The results indicate the aqueous and ethanolic extract as the most effective of the tested pathogens. Regarding oil, showed antimicrobial activity against all pathogens evaluated. In a third stage of the study it was found antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract, ethanolic and ethyl acetate; in relation to essential oil and hexane extract antioxidant activity was not detected. From the results obtained it was established antimicrobial capacity of plant products tested and determined the antioxidant activity of the same . In the second stage of the research took place evaluated the phytochemical profile , antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous plant extracts from six Brazilian plants obtained from the dried leaves of Maytenus aquifolia Mart., Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L. and Schinus molle L. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was tested against 36 serotypes of Salmonella from poultry products by the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The antioxidant properties of these was evaluated by DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hidrazila) method. The phytochemical profile detected components with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential in all extracts , as a percentage capture of DPPH than 65 % , demonstrating the high antioxidant activity of the tested extracts. In microdilution tests, we observed the antimicrobial activity of all tested extracts , and in general the ethanol extracts were more effective when compared to aqueous and ethanol extract of P. cauliflora followed by P. guajava higher end bacteriostatic . The MIC ranged from 1.56 to 100 mg.mL-1 and MBC of 3.13 to 100 mg.mL-1. These results confirmed the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of these plant extracts
A propriedade antimicrobiana das plantas pode ser explicada pela produção de compostos ativos gerados durante o metabolismo secundário como também por compostos voláteis. Atualmente, os conhecimentos desta propriedade têm sido confirmados cientificamente, revelando assim o enorme potencial das plantas no controle de doenças infecciosas, enquanto verifica-se um aumento nos casos de micro-organismos patogênicos resistentes aos antimicrobianos conhecidos. Extratos e óleos essenciais de plantas têm mostrado efeitos sobre desenvolvimento de micro-organismos em inúmeras situações, o que sugere uso prático destes produtos. No presente estudo voltado à pesquisa de plantas como fonte natural e alternativa de substâncias antimicrobianas, determinou-se a composição química do óleo essencial e de diferentes extratos vegetais (aquoso, etanolico, acetato de etila e hexânico) de Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urb. (pessegueiro-bravo), através da CG/MS e triagem fitoquímica respectivamente, bem como seu efeito antimicrobiano contra micro-organismos Gram negativos Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Gram positivos como, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Bacillus subtillis (CCCD - B005) e como levedura a Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) através da determinação dos valores de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) utilizando a técnica de microdiluição em caldo; e por fim buscou-se avaliar a atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial e dos extratos vegetais pelo método de captura de radicais livres DPPH (2.2difenil-1-picril-hidrazil). A maior classe de compostos voláteis identificados no óleo de Prunus myrtifolia foi benzaldeido (97%) seguido de 3-hexen-1-ol (0.07%) e benzoato de benzila (0.09%). De maneira geral através da triagem fitoquimica dos extratos verificou-se a presença de metabolitos secundários como, flavonoides, taninos (etanolico e aquoso), triterpenoides e saponinas (etanolico), que já se mostraram ativas em diferentes estudos descritos na literatura. Em relação ao extrato hexânico apresentou ausência de metabólitos secundários com atividade antimicrobiana. Os resultados apontam o extrato aquoso e etanolicos como os mais efetivos os patógenos testados. Em relação ao óleo, apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente a todos patógenos avaliados. Em uma terceira etapa do estudo verificou-se atividade antioxidante entre o extrato aquoso, etanolico e acetato de etila; em relação ao óleo essencial e o extrato hexânico não foi detectada atividade antioxidante. Pelos resultados obtidos ficou estabelecida a capacidade antimicrobiana dos produtos vegetais testados, bem como determinou-se a atividade antioxidante dos mesmos. Em segunda etapa da pesquisa realizou-se Avaliou-se o perfil fitoquímico, ação antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos extratos vegetais etanólico e aquoso de seis plantas brasileiras obtidos das folhas secas de Maytenus aquifolia Mart. (espinheira-santa), Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg (jabuticabeira), Ocotea spixiana (Nees) Mez. (canela-branca), Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira), e Ricinus communis L. (mamona) e Schinus molle L. (aroeira). A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos vegetais foi testada frente a trinta e seis sorotipos de Salmonella de origem avícola pelo método de microdiluição em caldo com a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). A ação antioxidante dos mesmos foi avaliada pelo método de DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila). O perfil fitoquímico detectou componentes com potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante em todos os extratos, assim como um percentual de captura do DPPH superior a 65%, demonstrando o elevado potencial antioxidante dos extratos testados. Nos testes de microdiluição em caldo, observou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de todos os extratos testados, sendo que em geral os extratos etanólicos foram mais eficazes quando comparados aos aquosos, sendo o extrato etanólico de P. cauliflora seguido por P. guajava de maior efeito bacteriostático. As CIMs variaram entre 1,56-100 mg.mL-1 e a CBM entre 3,13-100 mg.mL-1. Esses resultados confirmaram o potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante desses extratos vegetais
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PONTES, Wendel José Teles. "Efeito de extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais de espécies nativas de Pernambuco sobre o ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari : Tetranychidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6038.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present work has the objective to verify the chemical composition and the bio activity of essential oils form fruits and leaves of Protium heptaphyllum and of X. sericea, and the fresh and old oil resins of Protium bahianum, as well as the effect of plant extracts of Croton sellowii, C. micans, C. rhamnifolium, C. jacobinensis and Xylopia sericea, all native species of Pernambuco, on the mite T. urticae. Major constituent identified in the essential oil of fruits from P. heptaphyllum is α-terpene (47.57 %) whereas in the leaves are the sesquiterpenes 9-epi-cariofileno (21.35 %), trans-isolongyfolanone (10.70 %) and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-cariofilene (16.70 %). The fruit oil is more efficient against mites in comparison with the leaf oil. Both oils show a property of mortality and deterrence in oviposition in the highest concentration (10μL L-1 air) and only the essential oil of fruits induces repellence on T. urticae. The essentialoils of the two resins of Protium bahianum were analysed. The old resin shows a high percentage of oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (85.40 %) with high predominance of β-(Z)-santalol acetate (83.08 %). No sesquiterpene was found in the essential oil of the fresh resin, which comprises basically monoterpenes of hydrocarbons (42.37 %) and oxygenated monoterpenes (27.71 %), from which α-phellandrene (13.86 %) and 4-terpineol (7.44 %) arte the major components, respectively. The oils show toxicity against ants, but only the essentialoil of the fresh resin show repellence. Of the studied Croton extracts, the one of the leaves of C. sellowii is the most efficient, causing 69 % of mortality and only the leaf extract of C. jacobinensis is inactive. Mites’ fecundity was affected and all extract show repellence in the concentration of 1%. The major compounds in the essential oil of fruits of X. sericea are β-pinene and α-pinene. The leaf oil is comprised basically by cubenol followed by α-epi-muurolol. Hexane extracts of fruits and the essential oils of fruits and leaves show toxicity against mites. The xylopic acid even not provoking mortality reduces mites’ fecundity.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a composição química e a bioatividade dos óleos essenciais de frutos e folhas de Protium heptaphyllum e de Xylopia sericea, e os óleos das resinas velha e fresca de Protium bahianum, bem como o efeito de extratos vegetais de Croton sellowii, C. micans, C. rhamnifolius, C. jacobinensis e X. sericea, todas estas espécies nativas de Pernambuco, sobre o ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae. O constituinte majoritário identificado no óleo essencial dos frutos de P. heptaphyllum foi α-terpineno (47,57%), enquanto que nas folhas foram os sesquiterpenos 9-epi-cariofileno (21,35%), trans-isolongifolanona (10,70%) and 14-hidroxi-9-epi-cariofileno (16,70%). O óleo dos frutos foi mais eficiente contra o ácaro, comparado com o óleo das folhas. Ambos os óleos apresentaram mortalidade e efeitos sobre a oviposição na maior concentração (10μL / L de ar) e apenas o óleo essencial dos frutos provocou repelência à T. urticae. Os óleos essenciais dos dois exsudatos resinosos de P. bahianum foram analisados. A resina velha mostrou alta percentagem de sesquiterpenos, contendo oxigênio (85,40%) com alta predominância de β-(Z)-santalol acetato (83,08 %). Contudo, nenhum sesquiterpeno foi detectado no óleo essencial de resina fresca, sendo este constituído basicamente de monoterpenos hidrocarbonados (42,37%) e monoterpenos oxigenados (27,71%), dos quais α-phellandrene (13,86 %) e 4-terpineol (7,44 %) foram os componentes majoritários, respectivamente. Os óleos mostraram ação fumigante, mas somente o óleo essencial de resina fresca foi repelente. Dentre os extratos de Croton estudados, verificou-se que o extrato de folhas de C. sellowii apresentou melhor performance, causando 69% de mortalidade e apenas o extrato de folhas de C. jacobinensis foi inativo. A fecundidade dos ácaros também foi afetada e todos os extratos foram repelentes na concentração de 1%. Os compostos majoritários encontrados no óleo essencial dos frutos de X. sericea foram β-pineno e α-pineno. O óleo das folhas foi majoritariamente constituído por cubenol seguido por α-epi-muurolol. Os extratos hexânicos de frutos e os óleos essenciais de frutos e folhas foram tóxicos ao ácaro rajado. O ácido xylópico, apesar de não ter provocado mortalidade, reduziu a fecundidade do ácaro.
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Maciel, Francisco Clemilto da Silva. "Desenvolvimento vegetativo e desempenho produtivo de cultivares de palma de óleo em fase juvenil em ecossistemas de savana e floresta alterada de Roraima." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=147.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorObjetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e o desempenho produtivo de três cultivares de palma de óleo na fase juvenil visando identificar cultivares com melhor adaptação à ambientes de savana e de floresta alterada de Roraima. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em dois locais e períodos distintos; o primeiro experimento referente ao desenvolvimento vegetativo foi conduzido, um em área de savana (com irrigação complementar) no município de Boa Vista e o outro em área de floresta alterada localizada no município de Caroebe, no sul do Estado de Roraima realizado no período de agosto de 2008 a abril de 2010; o segundo experimento referente ao desempenho produtivo foi realizado entre janeiro e dezembro de 2011 em ambos os locais. As cultivares avaliadas foram: BRS C-2528, BRS C-3701 e BRS C-2301, arranjadas em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições. Para avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo foram realizadas 18 avaliações mensais, quanto ao número de folhas emitidas, comprimento da folha 4 (cm) e circunferência do coleto (cm). O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por meio de 12 avaliações mensais, quanto: ao número de cachos ha-1, peso médio e produção total de cachos ha-1. Foram realizadas análises de variância individuais e conjuntas. Para a comparação das médias das características avaliadas foi utilizado o teste de Scott & Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Adicionalmente, coeficientes de correlação de Pearson (r) foram estimados entre as médias das características avaliadas para o desempenho produtivo, para cada ambiente. No ambiente de floresta alterada, as cultivares apresentaram desenvolvimento vegetativo superior ao obtido no ambiente de savana. Todas as cultivares apresentaram desenvolvimento vegetativo semelhante no ambiente de savana. Em ambiente de floresta destacou-se a cultivar BRS C-2301 por ter apresentado maior desenvolvimento vegetativo considerando o número de folhas emitidas e o comprimento da folha 4. As três cultivares no ambiente de floresta alterada apresentou desempenho produtivo diferentes entre- si, produzindo entre (19 e 23 t cachos/ha/ano), com destaque para a cultivar BRS C-2301, que foi a mais produtiva, e mostrou-se com potencial para indicação e uso. No ambiente de savana as três cultivares apresentaram desempenhos produtivos semelhantes entre si produzindo entre 4,5 a 6,0 t cachos/ha/ano, sendo uma produção baixa, quando comparados aos obtidos em ambiente de floresta alterada. As maiores produções de cachos, no ambiente de savana, foi em decorrência do maior número de cachos produzidos e ficaram concentradas nos meses de março, abril e maio (início do período chuvoso), enquanto que, em ambiente de floresta alterada foram decorrência dos maiores pesos médios dos cachos e ficaram concentrados nos meses de outubro, novembro e dezembro (período seco).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth and yield performance of three oil palm varieties in the juvenile phase, identifying cultivars with better adaptation on savannah environment and changed forest of Roraima (Brazil). Two experiments were conducted in two locations and distinct periods: the first experiment, for the vegetative development, was conducted in Savannah area (with supplementary irrigation) of Boa Vista (State capital), the other was a changed forest area in the municipality of Caroebe (south of the State), conducted between August 2008 and April 2010.The second experiment for the performance was conducted between January and December 2011 in both locations. The cultivars were: BRS C-2528, C-3701 and BRS C-2301, arranged in randomized complete blocks experimental design with six replications. Eighteen monthly evaluations were made to evaluate the vegetative development, the number of emitted leaves, leaf length 4 (cm) and girth circumference (cm). The performance evaluations were made by 12 collections per month, were they: the number of bunches ha-1, average weight and total production of bunches ha-1. Individual and joint variance analyses were made. The Scott & Knott test (5%) was made for the comparison of the evaluated. The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were estimated to the average values of the performance characteristics in each environment. In the changed forest environment, the cultivars presented a higher vegetative growth than savannah environment. All the cultivars had a similar vegetative development in savannah environment. The BRS C-2301 cultivar had best results in the forest environment having larger vegetative development considering the number of leaves and the fourth leaf length. The three cultivars in forest environment showed different productive performance between them, producing between 19 and 23 tons of bunches / ha / year, especially the BRS C-2301, which was the most productive, and showed potential for field use. In savannah environment the three cultivars showed a similar performance between itself, producing between 4,5 to 6,0 tons bunches / ha / year), it was a low production, when compared to those obtained in the changed forest environment. The highest yields of bunches in the savannah environment, were due to the production of higher number of bunches and were concentrated in the months of March, April and May (rainy season), while in the forest environment were due to the higher average weights of the clusters and were concentrated in the months of October, November and December (dry season)
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Nucci, Stella Maris. "Diversidade genética em germoplasma de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) identificada por marcadores SSR e ISSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-13092011-111035/.
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O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) é uma espécie arbórea de ampla distribuição geográfica e com qualidades que a tornam importante do ponto de vista natural, ecológico e principalmente sócio-econômico, pois seus frutos são uma valiosa fonte de óleo vegetal com potencial para produção de biodiesel, proporcionando vantagens ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética no germoplasma de pinhão-manso e para isto foram utilizados marcadores moleculares microssatélites e ISSR. A partir de uma biblioteca enriquecida com locos microssatélites foram desenvolvidos 18 pares de primers para a espécie, sendo estes utilizados, juntamente com 30 pares de primers SSR desenvolvidos no CBMEG, visando à caracterização e estudo da estrutura genética populacional. Os acessos dos bancos de germoplasma do CPQBA (Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas) da UNICAMP e da UFS (Universidade Federal de Sergipe) foram avaliados. O germoplasma pertencente ao CPQBA está organizado em 12 populações e o da UFS representado por 17 acessos únicos. Não foi observado polimorfismo entre as populações inviabilizando o estudo populacional. A caracterização dos grupos formados pelos acessos dos bancos de germoplasma foi realizada utilizando 14 marcadores ISSR, revelando que 86,64% da variação genética encontram-se dentro dos grupos e 13,36% entre eles. O número médio total de alelos (na) foi de 1,99 alelos por loco e o número efetivo de alelos (ne) foi de 1,42 alelos por loco. A diversidade genética de Nei (1973) indicou uma baixa diversidade genética dentro dos grupos (0,26), assim como o Índice de Shannon (I) para os acessos (0,41), considerado um baixo valor de diversidade genética. A análise bayesiana alocou todos os acessos avaliados em quatro grupos, todos os acessos apresentaram Q > 0,8. Os grupos formados não apresentaram nenhuma relação com a origem dos acessos. O índice médio de similaridade de Jaccard indicou que existem 30% de similaridade entre os grupos e a amplitude de similaridade variou de 0,23 a 0,94. O dendrograma formou os mesmos quatro grupos de acessos que o formado pela análise bayesiana, tornando ainda mais consistente os resultados obtidos na presente análise. O estudo revela a necessidade e importância de reunir o maior número possível de acessos de diferentes regiões e países para formar o banco de germoplasma da espécie viabilizando a conservação e programas de melhoramento da espécie, haja vista seu promissor potencial para produção de bicombustível.Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) is a geographically widespread perennial plant species. It is ecologically important in natural communities and economically due to the oil extracted from its fruits that exhibit high potential for biodiesel production, thus, providing environmental, economical and social advantages. The current work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in physic nut germplasm using microsatellites and ISSR molecular markers. From a microsatelliteenriched library, 18 primer pairs were developed for the species and were used along with 30 SSR primer pairs developed at CBMEG to characterize and study the population genetic structure. Acessions from the germplasm banks at CPQBA (Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas) from UNICAMP and from UFS (Universidade Federal de Sergipe) were evaluated. The germplasm from CPQBA is organized in 12 populations whereas the accessions from UFS represent 17 soloist accessions. The polymorphism observed between the populations does not impair population genetic studies. The clusters of accessions from the germplasm Banks were characterized using 14 ISSR markers, revealing 86.64% of the genetic diversity are found within the clusters whereas between them, it corresponds to 13.36%. The total average number of alleles per locus (na) corresponded to 1.99 and the effective number of alleles (ne) was of 1.42 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity, investigated as in Nei (1973), indicated a low genetic diversity within the groups (0.26). Shannon index (I) for the accessions evidenced a low value of genetic diversity (0.41). Bayesian analyses of all investigated accessions in four groups demonstrated that all the accessions exhibit Q > 0.8. The clustering patterns did not indicated origin relationships among the accessions. Jaccard average index indicated 30% of similarity between the groups and the amplitude of similarity ranged from 0.23 to 0.94. The dendrogram analysis grouped the four clusters generated by the Bayesian analysis, confirming the consistency of the results. The current study reveals the necessity and importance of gathering as many germplasm accession as possible for the species in order to allow the establishment of conservation and breeding program strategies, considering the potential of the species for biofuel production.
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FIUZA, Tatiana de Sousa. "Biotividade de extratos e frações das folhas da Eugenia uniflora L. e da Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley em microrganismos (Bactérias e fungo) e em Oreochromis nilotius." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1015.
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Previous issue date: 2009-01-22The purpose of this work is to perform the pharmacognostic studies of the species Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley (Lamiaceae) and Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), investigate the population variability of the constituents of the essential oil from H. canum leaves and inflorescences, and assess the bioactivity of the crude ethanol extracts and fractions from leaves of this plants against microorganisms (bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans) and on Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus. For the variability study of the H. canum essential oil, samples obtained from leaves and inflorescences from Hidrolândia, Silvânia, Bela Vista and Goiânia cities were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The anatomic analysis and the phytochemical screening of the leaves from the two species were performed using conventional techniques. The antimicrobial activity was assessed with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and with the Candida albicans fungus using the well diffusion test and the agar dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The biological activities of the crude ethanol extract and ethyl acetate, hexanic and chloroformic fractions of the leaves from the two species were tested in O. niloticus fish hepatopancreas and gill. The H. canum essential oils analysis indicated high chemovariability in the oils from different locations. The phytochemical screening and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the H. canum leaves evidenced the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenes and lignans, while the E. uniflora leaves evidenced the presence of tannins, steroids, triterpenes, anthraquinonic heterosides, saponinic and flavonoids. As for the antimicrobial activity testing, the crude ethanol extracts from both species presented antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested and the E. uniflora ethyl acetate fraction presented satisfactory activity against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The H. canum crude extract and fractions presented vasoactive activity in the hepatopancreas and gill of the tilapias, causing varying degrees of vasodilation and vascular congestion. An apparent proliferation of blood capillaries was detected in the hepatopancreas of the fish that ingested the hexanic fraction. The E. uniflora crude extract and the ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexanic fractions caused vasodilation, vascular congestion and tissue alterations in the O. niloticus hepatopancreas and gills
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizae o estudo farmacognóstico das espécies Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) Harley (Lamiaceae) e Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae), investigar a variabilidade populacional dos constituintes do óleo essencial das folhas e inflorescências da H. canum e avaliar a bioatividade dos extratos etanólicos brutos e das frações das folhas das referidas plantas contra icrorganismos (bactérias e fungo) e em Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus. Para o estudo da variabilidade do óleo essencial da H. canum, as folhas e inflorescências foram coletadas nos municípos de Hidrolândia, de Silvânia, de Bela Vista e de Goiânia e seus óleos essenciais foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa. A análise anatômica e a prospecção fitoquímica das folhas das duas espécies foram realizadas utilizando as técnicas convencionais. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada com bactérias Gram-positivas e Gramnegativas e com o fungo Candida albicans, usando o teste de difusão em poço e o método de diluição em ágar, para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). As atividades biológicas do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações acetato de etila, hexânica e clorofórmica das folhas das duas espécies foram avaliadas no hepatopâncreas e brânquias do peixe O. niloticus L. A análise dos óleos essenciais da H. canum indicou elevada quimiovariabilidade nos óleos dos diferentes locais. A triagem fitoquímica e a cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) das folhas da H. canum evidenciaram a presença de flavonóides, saponinas, terpenos e lignanas e das folhas da E. uniflora, a presença de taninos, esteróides, triterpenos, heterosídeos antraquinônicos, saponínicos e flavonóides. Na avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, observou-se que os extratos etanólicos brutos das duas espécies demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana contra todos os microrganismos testados, e a fração acetato de etila da E. uniflora apresentou boa atividade contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes aos antibióticos convencionais. O extrato bruto e as frações da H. canum apresentaram atividade vasoativa no hepatopâncreas e brânquias das tilápias, promovendo, em maior ou menor grau, vasodilatação e congestão vascular. Detectou-se ainda aparente proliferação dos capilares sanguíneos no hepatopâncreas dos peixes tratados com a fração hexânica. Verificou-se que tanto o extrato bruto, quanto as frações acetato de etila, clorofórmica e hexânica da E. uniflora promoveram, no hepatopâncreas e nas brânquias de O. niloticus, vasodilatação, congestão vascular e alterações teciduais
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Castañeda-Rieckhof, Lucia, and Alejandro Antonio Fiocco-Bertello. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de aceite de oliva (Olea europaea) extra virgen en spray." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/5251.
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virgen en spray para cocinar y para consumo directo.
Utilizará una novedosa tecnología que evita el contacto entre el gas y el aceite y se orienta a un segmento de la sociedad que busque un producto saludable y de propiedades organolépticas agradables.
Con relación al mercado para este producto el consumo interno va en aumento
gracias a una tendencia creciente a consumir productos de estas características,
proyectando al 2021 una demanda potencial de 807 toneladas de este producto.
Sin embargo, considerando la competencia en el sector al que se dirige este
producto y su intención e intensidad de compra, estimamos que la demanda del proyecto
para el 2017 será de 21.46 toneladas del producto y para el 2021, 53 toneladas.
Respecto a la localización de la planta, la provincia más adecuada luego de
realizar un ranking de factores es Arequipa. Esto se debe a que, junto con Tacna, su
producción de aceitunas es la más alta del Perú y la cercanía a la materia prima es vital.
Su mayor proximidad a Lima a comparación a Tacna es lo que la define como el lugar más adecuado. La planta se localizará en el distrito Arequipa.Trabajo de investigación
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Gersbach, Paul Vincent, University of Western Sydney, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Aspects of essential oil secretion in vascular plants." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Gersbach_P.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/775.
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A study of some aspects of essential oil secretion in plants was conducted. The first part of the study involved analysis of the volatile terpenoid content and composition of leaf extracts from a range of Australian native plants by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Secretory structures were studied by several microscopic imaging techniques including conventional bright and dark field optical microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Three methods were employed for scanning electron microscopy. Sample material was prepared for conventional SEM by chemical fixation and rapid freeze fixation, and fresh material was imaged by environmental SEM. These methods were compared, and the images acquired by environmental SEM were invariably of a superior standard as the biological integrity of the samples was retained throughout, and the samples were free of process-induced artefacts. Several other tests were conducted and results discussed in some detail. In the final part of the study, aspects of essential oil secretion were examined by histochemical methods. The first of these was a new method based on traditional approaches to histochemistry. The monoterpene phenols thymol and carvacrol were located in glandular trichomes of Lamiaceae species by means of a colour-change reaction of the phenols with a nitrosophenol/acid reagent. The second used magnetic resonance imaging by a chemical shift selective method to locate, non invasively, the aromatic monoterpenes thymol and anethole in secretory structures in the fruit of Carum copticum (Apiaceae) and the leaves of Backhousia anisata (Myrtaceae) respectively.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Science)
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Santana, Aléa Dayane Dantas de. "Comportamento fenotípico e genotípico e desenvolvimento de cultivares híbridas de manjericão." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3038.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorBasil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal, aromatic and spicy species, which has wide variability and consecutively potential for obtaining new cultivars that add characters of interest. To obtain information about the genotype it is necessary to use phenotypic and genetic parameters, since they may estimate the genotypic behavior from the phenotype. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic performance of basil hybrids and cultivars grown in four crop years, as well as developing new hybrid cultivars. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications. Five hybrids and four parental cultivars constituted the treatments. We evaluated agronomic (dry weight of aerial part, essential oil content and yield) and chemical (linalool, 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial and (E)-methyl cinnamate content in the essential oils) characteristics. The clustering of the means was performed, and the parameters were estimated: genotypic quadratic component ; residual variance ; genotypic coefficient of determination ; coefficient of genetic variation ; coefficient of environmental variation ; ratio, and coefficient of phenotypic and genotypic correlation . All variables expressed high percentages of (higher than 90 %), (higher than 30 %) and ratio (higher than 2 %). The greatest genotypic correlation occurred between neral and geranial ( ranging from 0.949 to 1.005). Most of the variation among the studied variables resulted from the genetic variation, which resulted in differentiated inheritance of characters, agronomic and chemical performance. Linalool was the main compound of most genotypes. The hybrid Cinnamon x Maria Bonita had the highest dry weight of aerial part (90.72 g plant-1) and essential oil yield (2.37 ml plant-1) and contained two main components, methyl cinnamate (41.93 %) and linalool (34.92 %). The hybrid Sweet Dani x Cinnamon presented as a main component (E)-methyl cinnamate (60.15 %), with content superior than its parental ´Cinnamon (47.67 %), besides exhibiting 16.01 % of linalool, which was absent on its parental ´Sweet Dani´. The main component of the hybrid Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita were linalool (58.83 %), as well as geranial (15.20 %) and neral (11.46 %), which were absent on its parental ´Maria Bonita´. The hybrids Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, Cinnamon x Maria Bonita e Sweet Dani x Cinnamon, were distinct in new hybrid cultivars, denominated: ´Vitória´, and ´Norine´ and ´Natalina´, respectively.
O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) é uma espécie medicinal, aromática e condimentar que possui ampla variabilidade e, consecutivamente, potencialidade de obtenção de novas cultivares que agreguem caracteres de interesse. Para obter informações sobre o genótipo é necessário utilizar parâmetros fenotípicos e genéticos, já que estes podem estimar o comportamento genotípico a partir do fenótipo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o comportamento fenotípico e genotípico de híbridos e cultivares de manjericão cultivados em quatro anos agrícolas, como também desenvolver novas cultivares híbridas. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Cinco híbridos e quatro cultivares parentais constituíram os tratamentos. Foram avaliadas características agronômicas (massa seca de parte aérea, teor e rendimento de óleo essencial) e químicas (teor de linalol, 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial e (E)-cinamato de metila nos óleos essenciais). Foi realizado o agrupamento das médias e foram estimados os parâmetros: componente quadrático genotípico; variância residual; coeficiente de determinação genotípico; coeficiente de variação genética ; coeficiente de variação ambiental ; razão e coeficiente de correlação fenotípica e genotípica. Todos os caracteres expressaram alta porcentagem de (acima de 90 %), (acima de 30 %) e da razão (acima de 2 %). A maior correlação genotípica foi mantida entre neral e geranial (de 0,949 a 1,005). A maior parte da variação encontrada para os caracteres estudados é determinada pela variação genética dos genótipos, o que resultou na herança dos caracteres e no desempenho agronômico e químico diferenciado. Constatou-se que linalol foi o composto majoritário da maioria dos genótipos. O híbrido Cinnamon x Maria Bonita obteve o melhor desempenho de massa seca de parte aérea (90,72 g planta-1) e rendimento de óleo essencial (2,37 mL planta-1) e apresentou dois compostos majoritários, (E)-cinamato de metila (41,93 %) e linalol (34,92 %). O híbrido Sweet Dani x Cinnamon apresentou como composto majoritário (E)-cinamato de metila (60,15 %), com teor superior ao seu parental ´Cinnamon (47,67 %), além de exibir 16,01 % de linalol, ausente no seu parental ´Sweet Dani . O híbrido Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, apresentou como composto majoritário linalol (58,83 %), assim como, geranial (15,20 %) e neral (11,46 %), ausentes no seu parental ´Maria Bonita . Os híbridos Sweet Dani x Maria Bonita, Cinnamon x Maria Bonita e Sweet Dani x Cinnamon, foram distintos em novas cultivares híbridas, denominadas, ´Vitória' , ´Norine' e ´Natalina´, respectivamente.
Books on the topic "Oil plant(vegetal)"
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Vegetable oil-based polymers: Properties, processing and applications. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2012.
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Shaffer, Daniel. Final report: Contamination of diesel engine lubrication oil by plant oil derivative fuels. [Helena?]: prepared for Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, 1986.
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Axtell, B. L. Minor oil crops. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.
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Sylvie, Cloutier, and Ragupathy Raja, eds. Flax lipids: Classes, biosynthesis, genetics and the promise of applied genomics for understanding and altering of fatty acids. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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Fontanel, Didier. Unsaponifiable Matter in Plant Seed Oils. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Savalas, Constantinos A., and Soussana M. Nicolau. Olive consumption and health. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Corrigan, James D. Olive oil and health. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
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Uriarte, Filemon A. Biofuels from plant oils: A book for practitioners and professionals involved in biofuels, to promote a better and more accurate understanding of the nature, production, and use of biofuels from plant oils. Menteng, Jakarta, Indonesia: ASEAN Foundation, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Oil plant(vegetal)"
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Karuna, M. S. L., and R. B. N. Prasad. "Vegetable Oil-Based Nutraceuticals." In Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 793–812. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6_33.
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Gnanasekaran, Dhorali, and Venkata Prasad Chavidi. "Green Fluids from Vegetable Oil: Power Plant." In Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, 3–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4870-8_1.
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Martini, Marta, Duška Delić, Lia Liefting, and Helena Montano. "Phytoplasmas Infecting Vegetable, Pulse and Oil Crops." In Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - I, 31–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0119-3_2.
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Jeránek, Mária, and Zsuzsa Weinbrenner. "Contaminants and Minor Components of Vegetable Oils." In Biological Role of Plant Lipids, 465–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1303-8_103.
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Schäfer, Ansgar. "Vegetable Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Esters as Alternative Diesel Fuels for Commercial Vehicle Engines." In Plant Oils as Fuels, 29–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72269-1_4.
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Ruzics, Anna Fábics. "Metal Impurities of Crude and Edible Vegetable Oils." In Biological Role of Plant Lipids, 469–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1303-8_104.
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Karmakar, Gobinda, Pranab Ghosh, Kirtika Kohli, Brajendra K. Sharma, and Sevim Z. Erhan. "Chemicals from Vegetable Oils, Fatty Derivatives, and Plant Biomass." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–31. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1347.ch001.
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Di Fraia, Simona, Nicola Massarotti, Laura Vanoli, Riccardo Bentivoglio, and Gianfranco Milani. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Combined Heat and Power Units Fuelled by Waste Vegetable Oil for Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Real Case Study." In Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, 345–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_86.
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Gupta, Monoj K. "Plant Safety Procedures." In Practical Guide to Vegetable Oil Processing, 445–61. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-63067-050-4.00016-7.
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"Vegetable Oils." In Handbook of Bioenergy Crop Plants, 793–810. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11711-37.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Oil plant(vegetal)"
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Zampilli, Mauro, Gianni Bidini, Paolo Laranci, Michele D’Amico, Pietro Bartocci, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Biomass Microturbine Based EFGT and IPRP Cycles: Environmental Impact Analysis and Comparison." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64947.
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The global microturbine market will grow at an interesting Compound Annual Growth Rate during the period 2016–2020 and a key driver will be distributed generation also with unconventional fuels. This paper compares the performances of two different microturbine based technologies for biomass micro CHP. One is the Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant (IPRP), technology developed by the authors by coupling a pyrolyzer to a mGT fuelled by biomass pyrolysis gas. Two IPRP versions are considered: one in which char is burned to provide pyrolysis energy and one in which it is used as a carbon sink. The second technology is the Externally Fired Gas Turbine (EFGT) based on biomass combustion in a dedicated burner and high temperature heat exchangers used to heat up compressed air which expands in the mGT. Hot air at the turbine exhaust is used as combustion air for biomass. The layout and operational conditions considered were optimized by the authors in previous works. The environmental performance of the two technologies when fuelled with the same biomass at the same power output, is assessed through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, calculating impacts on acidification, carbon footprint and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED). Two sensitivity analysis are also performed on different vegetal oils used for scrubbing and different methods of allocation, referred to CHP products. Results show that both technologies have negative carbon footprints, however the IPRP has the worst performance because of the sunflower oil, used for syngas scrubbing, which offsets the additional carbon sink benefit of biochar. If water it used as a scrubbing medium in the IPRP plant, this configuration obtains similar results in terms of environmental impact, compared to IPRP plant using vegetable oil as a scrubbing medium. However, when the effect of a different vegetal oil is considered, namely a waste frying oil, the former introduces extraordinary benefits resulting in the IPRP outperforming the EFmGT in terms of carbon negative technology.
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D’Alessandro, Bruno, Pietro Bartocci, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Gas Turbines CHP for Bioethanol and Biodiesel Production Without Waste Streams." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46683.
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In the context of the recent decision of the European Commission to incorporate a minimum of 10% biofuel by 2020 in total transport fuel use, the production of bioethanol and biodiesel will be boosted. When compared to fossil fuels this two biofuels have numerous advantages i.e. they are renewable, they run in conventional vehicles, they are not toxic, they are biodegradable, they show low particulate emissions and they are CO2 neutral. However they show some disadvantages such as the high energy demand of their production and the high yield of byproducts (i.e. glycerin for biodiesel and distiller’s waste for bioethanol), that require a dedicated marketing effort and supply chain. The energy demand required for the production of both biodiesel, through transesterification of vegetal oils, and bioethanol, through fermentation followed by distillation, is thermal and mechanical and can be satisfied by means of a CHP plant integrated in the production line fueled by its own byproducts. The paper analyzes the energy balances of two CHP plants fed with the above mentioned wastes (glycerin and wheat straw residues) and integrated in the biofuels (respectively biodiesel and bioethanol) production plants. The CHP plant considered are based on the IPRP (Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) technology, meaning a gas turbine fed with syngas obtained from slow pyrolysis of the residues. Results show that in the case of biodiesel the production of glycerine is sufficient to satisfy the electricity demand of the plant that is lower than the heat demand, while the last cannot be completely covered because glycerine production is reduced respect to the input mass of vegetable oil and equal to 10% w/w. Concerning bioethanol, wheat straw residues are enough to cover heat demand that is the most important energy input of the process but they are not able to cover electricity input that is linked with the milling of the raw material. This is because of the reduced syngas yields and its lower energy content if compared with that obtained using glycerine.
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Grushcow, J. "High Oleic Plant Oils With Hydroxy Fatty Acids for Emission Reduction." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63515.
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The lubricating properties of vegetable oil are well known. However, with the advent of petroleum oils, castor oil and other vegetable oils fell out of favor. The quality of petroleum oils has improved significantly in the last few years with the introduction of Group III base oils. However, even Group III oils fall short of the inherent lubricity of vegetable oils. Analogous to advances in petroleum oils, improvement of vegetable oils by genetic modification to obtain high oleic oils has led to better acceptance of these oils as lubricants. Studies have shown significant reduction in tail pipe emissions when using these types of oils in an engine crank case. We have successfully expressed a hydroxylase gene in a high oleic canola variety. The combination of a high oleic background and hydroxy fatty acids produced an oil with properties that improve further on high oleic oils. The presence of the hydroxy group provides improved lubricity. This technology will allow us to create oils with varying hydroxy fatty acid content depending on the application. These applications can range from use in lubricants, as chemical feedstocks, and reactive components in polymers.
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Tang, Zhongping, Peng Jin, Dingwei Sun, Shaoming Zhang, and Weimin Liu. "Investigation of Some Base Oil as Biodegradable Water-Cooling Two-Stroke Engine Oil." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1328.
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According to statistics, a large portion of used lubricants remain as potential hazards for the environment. Particularly, about 30 to 50% lubricant used in outboard marine engines is not burned completely and released into the water. As a result, consumers demand environmentally compatible lubricants due to concern about loss of mineral oil-based lubricants to the environment which can result in water contamination and pose a threat to animal and plant life. To prevent bioaccumulation of these materials in aquatic plants and animals, many agencies are considering regulations toward to biodegradable two-stroke outboard marine engines oil. Vegetable oils and ester oils are very suitable to develop “green lubricants”. Ester oils usually show excellent high temperature stability, low temperature fluidity, high viscosity index, very low volatility, good miscibility and biodegradability, but they are expensive and also produce many poisonous materials to environmental during produce process. Vegetable oils are biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable, moreover, their cost is reasonable compared to ester oils. Accordingly, vegetable oils are considered as potential candidates to replace conventional mineral oil-based lubricating oils, but the poor oxidative stability limits their utilization in large scale. Investigation of this work have found that proper percentage rapeseed oil can meet the requirements of biodegradable water-cooling two stroke engine oil, futhermore this two-cycle engine oil has good miscibility without need any miscibility-enhancing solvents. Research results indicate that two-cycle engine oil, which comprised rapeseed oil, ester oil and low viscosity hydrocracked oil as well as functional additives, exhibits good oxidative stability, easy biodegradability and good miscibility.
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Coronado, Horacio Pinzón, Andrea Escobar Porto, and Marco E. Sanjuan. "Multivariate Control and Override of a Two-Step Homogeneous Base-Catalyzed Transesterification Process." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6694.
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The most common technology used in biodiesel production is the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats. Transesterification (also called alcoholysis) is the reaction of fat oil with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol, in presence of catalyst to improve the reaction rate and yield. Although process industry has established long ago that continuous processes are more cost-effective than batch processing, there is still a substantial number of batch processing biodiesel plants in the world. One of the challenges in switching to a continuous process is the simultaneous control requirement of throughput (flow), temperature, and biodiesel concentration. In the present work, a two-step homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification process for a continuous biodiesel production plant is studied. The most relevant variables are: reaction temperature, ratio of alcohol to vegetable oil, amount of catalyst, mixing intensity (RPM), catalyst and vegetable oil used. The objective was to design a control strategy incorporating three key loops, overrides, and decoupling based on multivariate control analysis. The designed control strategy is described and simulation-based performance test results are shown.
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Fantozzi, Francesco, Bruno D’Alessandro, Pietro Bartocci, Umberto Desideri, and Gianni Bidini. "Assessment of the Energy Conversion of Whole Oil Fruits With a Pyrolysis and Gas Turbine Process." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23584.
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Crude vegetable oil energy conversion is addressed as an important issue for the electric energy production without changing the CO2 concentration in atmosphere. The oil is obtained by grinding oily fruits while a high amount of energy rich residues is produced. The present paper evaluates the thermodynamic and environmental performances of a plant that converts the whole fruit into energy through pyrolysis. Vegetable Oil is used to fuel an internal combustion engine while solid residuals of the oil production are used to fuel an Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant (IPRP) technology based plant. Tars from pyrolysis process are water scrubbed from syngas and then emulsioned with vegetable oil to increase the electric energy production. IPRP concept is based on a gas turbine (GT) fuelled with the syngas produced in a rotary kiln pyrolyzer fed with Biomass or Wastes (B&W); GT exhaust gases together with combustion of pyrolysis by-products (char), is used to sustain the pyrolysis process. The IPRP concept was modelled through thermodynamic relations, energy balances and data available in the Literature for oil yields and husks pyrolysis products. The analysis was carried out investigating the influence on plant performances of main thermodynamic parameters of the GT and on pyrolysis temperature. Results are collected for typical parameters of different GT sizes, namely the manometric compression ratio and the turbine inlet temperature. The paper discusses best efficiency points of different plant sizes when fuelled with syngas and tar and oil for three important oil fruits namely sunflower, palm and soybean.
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Caillol, Sylvain. "Plant Oil-Based Poly(Alkyl Methacrylate) as Viscosity Control Additive for Mineral and Vegetable Oils." In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.133.
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Calabria, Alfonso, Roberto Capata, and Mario Di Veroli. "The Power Generation With Vegetable Oils: A Case Study." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62470.
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The utilization of vegetable oils, and in particular the palm oil, as fuel in the power generation has had a remarkable development in the last few years. Generally the vegetable oil can be used with a particular marine-derived diesel ICE, with low rpm and an electric conversion efficiency of about 40%. The efficiency is strictly connected to the size of the plant. Moreover, the considerable amount of the required vegetable oil to feed the system forces to import the fuel. This is one of the most critical elements as the palm oil is subject to continuous and wide variations in prices. Due to this variation it is difficult to obtain a stable and convenient fuel supply over a long period of time. The present work is aimed at evaluating and estimating the economic, technical and environmental feasibility of a 20 MW plant for the stationary power generation fed with palm oil, enlightening the system solution (technical constructive aspects) and the economic appraisal, on the basis of variations in oil prices. Finally, the economic sensibility analysis based on the fuel cost and the European mechanisms of biomass incentives.
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Bettocchi, R., M. Cadorin, M. Morini, M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, and M. Venturini. "Assessment of the Performance and of the Profitability of CHP Energy Systems Fed by Vegetable Oils." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59022.
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In this paper, energy and economic analyses of vegetable oil fed energy systems are presented. The paper focuses on the process from oil to energy, while the economic costs of the transformation process of the biomass from field to oil is assumed embodied in the cost of the oils. Five different oils are considered (sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, palm and waste fried oil) as fuels for cogenerative Internal Combustion Engines, also running in combined cycle configuration. In particular, the considered combined cycle is composed of Internal Combustion Engines and Organic Rankine Cycle modules. Energy analyses allow the evaluation of the installed power, of the produced energies, and of the primary energy saving index for different yearly oil mass values. The results of the economic analyses as a function of yearly oil mass are also presented. The cost sources are highlighted in order to point out the major contributors. Moreover, analyses of the limit value of incentive and oil price, in order to guarantee plant profitability, are carried out.
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Couto, Diogo Manuel, Maria Margarida Gonçalves, Joana Carvalho, Manuel Eduardo Ferreira, Jorge Araújo, José Carlos Teixeira, and Cândida Vilarinho. "Combustion of Biomass Based Pellets With Pyrolysis Bio-Oils." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11593.
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Abstract Due to increased energy demands and environmental concerns, biomass has become an increasingly attractive primary source in the energy mix. It can be used as heat supply to both domestic and industrial sectors, but also as fuel in dedicated or co-generation-based power plants and it is also considered CO2 neutral. Amongst the most widely used formats, wood pellets are very attractive because of their standardized properties which makes them efficient over a wide range of applications. In Portugal alone, over 1 million tons a year are produced. However, due to their attractiveness, the pressure on traditional raw materials for their fabrication (saw dust) has driven the cost upwards and induced bottlenecks upstream in the supply chain. One way to expand the range of raw materials is to combine a biomass based matrix with alien materials into the same pellet format. In this way one can also find alternative uses for other materials which, some of them wastes, are often dumped into landfills. Such an approach has been pursued into combining industrial wastes with biomass in pellets. This project concerns the evaluation of the combustion behavior of saw dust based pellets fortified with pyrolysis bio-oils produced from waste vegetable oils. The bio-oil is an organic liquid obtained by pyrolysis of used vegetable sunflower oil, at 420 °C and 10 min. The pellets were manufactured with pine saw dust with bio-oil incorporation up to 5% in mass. The resulting pellets were fully characterized for their properties, including the heating value, which increased when compared with standard saw dust pellets. These pellets were afterward tested in a fully instrumented 20 kW fixed grate combustion facility. The flue gases were analyzed and the resulting ashes were tested for their chemical composition in order to assess their ability to melt during combustion. The results show that this route can be beneficial in terms of exhaust emissions, including promoting the reduction of NOx during combustion. However, the physical characteristics of the pellets have some restrictions, since they do not meet minimum requirements for its certification ENplus level of density, mechanical durability and fines content.