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Anderson, Mark Robert. "Emergent language shift in Okinawa." Thesis, Faculty of Arts, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15513.
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Procopio, Alessio <1996>. "Okinawa ryōri e washoku: l’ambiguità delle relazioni tra Okinawa e il Giappone entra nell’arena del food." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19036.
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Il caso di Okinawa, prima Regno delle Ryūkyū, è molto singolare sia dal punto di vista storico-culturale che della sua posizione geografica. Sin dal XIV secolo infatti, l’arcipelago subtropicale è stato al centro delle dinamiche e dei traffici commerciali nel Sud-est asiatico, passando per una doppia subordinazione sino-giapponese e, successivamente, un delicato processo identitario tra la riassimilazione al Giappone e l’occupazione militare americana.
L’intento di questo elaborato sarà quello di analizzare l’ambiguità di fondo del concetto di washoku (lett. ‘cibo giapponese’) in rapporto alla cultura gastronomica di Okinawa. Invero, una definizione di cucina tradizionale nazionale risulta molto difficile, se non impossibile, in ogni cultura del mondo, ancora di più nel contesto giapponese qui preso in considerazione.
Nel primo capitolo si forniranno alcuni cenni storici e culturali di Okinawa e dell’arcipelago ryukyuano. Nel secondo invece, partendo da un’analisi dei concetti antropologici legati all’alimentazione, si passerà brevemente in rassegna la diversa evoluzione storica della cucina giapponese e di quella okinawana, per poi concludere con un approccio critico circa il significato di washoku. Il terzo capitolo evidenzierà infine l’ambigua retorica di un simposio tenutosi a Okinawa nel 2013 in occasione della campagna di pubblicizzazione del washoku. Si cercheranno dunque di individuare sull’asse discorsivo-culinario le medesime criticità di quella che, in senso lato, viene definita "Questione di Okinawa" (Okinawa mondai).
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Fiorillo, Flavia <1989>. "Figure femminili nella letteratura di Okinawa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7067.
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La mia tesi, dal titolo "Figure femminili nella letteratura di Okinawa", propone uno studio sulle figure femminili okinawane e sulla condizione della donna nella società attraverso la loro rappresentazione nella letteratura locale dai primi decenni del XX secolo fino ai nostri giorni.
Dopo una breve panoramica della scena letteraria e della storia di Okinawa nel primo capitolo, ho dimostrato come l'utilizzo di tale figura è stato importante per ritrovare e riaffermare l'identità perduta sia delle donne sia degli uomini okinawani, con il racconto Kakuteru pāti, 1967, di Ōshiro Tatsuhiro. Successivamente ho studiato le figure della noro e della yuta, due tipologie di sciamane, per capire in che modo, nella storia delle Ryūkyū, la donna abbia ottenuto un ruolo centrale nelle sfere religiosa e privata. Ho terminato il secondo capitolo con l'analisi di Mabuigumi, 1998, di Medoruma Shun, in cui una yuta si scontra con la modernizzazione.
Nel terzo capitolo ho preso in considerazione soltanto opere di scrittrici donne okinawane. Kushi Fusako narra della forza e caparbietà di una donna okinawana, nonostante la povertà in cui versa il paese, nel racconto intitolato Horobiyuku Ryūkyū onna no shuki, 1932. Yoshida Sueko offre uno sguardo sulla vita delle prostitute degli anni Cinquanta in Kamāra Shinjū, 1984. Infine, ho tradotto e analizzato Mienai machi kara shonkanē ga, 2006, di Sakiyama Tami, una delle più influenti e prolifiche scrittrici okinawane dei nostri giorni.
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Matsubara, Nao. "The prospect for Okinawa's initiative : towards getting rid of the U.S. Military presence in Okinawa." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm4344.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-[62]) Focusses on issues concerning the U.S. military presence on the island. Elaborates on Okinawa's suffering due to the military bases which have hindered Okinawa's economic development, created serious pollution and encouraged crime
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Meyer, Stanislaw. "Citizenship, culture and identity in prewar Okinawa." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37781248.
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Lin, Jing-Yi. "Sismicité et volcanisme dans le sud-ouest du bassin arrière-arc d’Okinawa (Nord-Est Taiwan)." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2015.
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De fin novembre à début décembre 2003, 15 OBSs ont été déployés pendant 12 jours dans le sud-ouest du bassin d'Okinawa. Plus de 3300 séismes ont été localisés. La plupart des séismes se répartissent dans l' axe du bassin, le long des failles normales orientées E-W. La faille de Lishan, une structure géologique majeure à terre, se prolonge dans le bassin d' Okinawa jusqu' à 123,6° E. Un groupe de séismes de basse fréquence a été identifié sous la chaîne de volcans CBVT, ce qui suggère une origine magmatique pour ces séismes. En partant des nombreux séismes enregistrés par les réseaux terrestres et pendant cette campagne, deux inversions tomographiques ont été réalisées : (1) A l'extrémité ouest du slab des Ryukyus, une zone de faibles vitesses Vp, Vs et de fort rapport Vp/Vs, de 30 km d'épaisseur en forme de saucisse a été localisée au toit du slab, à une profondeur variant de 20 à 125 km. Elle correspond à une zone de fusion partielle ou enrichie en eau provenant de la déshydratation du slab. Un chenal remonte de cette anomalie en direction de l'île de Kueishantao, matérialisant l'alimentation magmatique de cette île. (2) Dans le bassin d'Okinawa, trois trajectoires magmatiques caractérisées par de faibles vitesses Vp, Vs et un fort rapport Vp/Vs ont été localisées vers 50 km de profondeur, au niveau de la déchirure du slab. En outre, une remontée asthénosphérique en forme de 'chip' se dirige vers l'axe du bassin. Nous suggérons que la déchirure de la plaque permet la remontée de composants exotiques et/ou d'une source thermique anormale en provenance du manteau située sous la plaque subduite, ce qui se traduit par une augmentation de l' activité volcanique dans la région<br>In November 2003, 15 ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) were deployed during a period of 12 days in the southwestern Okinawa Trough. More than 3300 earthquakes were localized. The seismicity is essentially restricted to the central part of the southwestern Okinawa Trough and terminates abruptly against the N-E trending prolongation of the Lishan fault. Most of the microearthquakes are aligned along the E-W trending normal faults. The existence of a lower crustal / upper mantle magma chamber is suggested by the presence of low frequency earthquakes in the 3 - 10 Hz bandwidth. Based on numerous earthquakes recorded by land stations and the microseismicity acquired during this cruise, two tomographic inversions were performed (1) A low Vp, Vs but high Vp/Vs sausage-like body, about 30 km in diameter, on top of the western Ryukyu slab extremity, at depths ranging between 20 and 125 km. We suggest partial melting and/or a H20-rich component formed by dehydration processes above the Ryukyu slab and the slab edge might explain the presence of this anomalies. A low Vp, Vs but high Vp/Vs channel rises obliquely from the sausage-like body in direction of the andesitic Kueishantao Island showing the veins and/or narrow conduits that magmas propagate through. (2) A mantle inflow characterized by low Vp, Vs and high Vp/Vs passing through the slab tear was imaged. This melt and/or fluid component is rising obliquely from the slab tear in direction of the CBVT, of the northern slope of the southern Okinawa Trough and north of Iriomote Island. In addition, the asthenospheric intake is also imaged by an inclined chip-like high Vp/Vs and low Vp, Vs body dipping northerly
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Dietrich, John Edwin III. "Rise up: Okinawa protests against foreign occupation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34499.
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Master of Arts<br>Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work<br>Lisa Melander<br>Okinawa, Japan has a long history of struggle with Japan and the United States of America. Okinawa was annexed by the Japanese during the Shogunate, mistreated by Imperial Japan during World War II, destroyed during the Battle of Okinawa, and occupied by U.S. military. Okinawa hosts some of the largest U.S. military bases outside of the Continental United States. Since Okinawa has been occupied by the U.S. military since World War II, it also has a history of contentious politics and protests against the occupation. Okinawa’s economy and cultural identity within the domestic and international spheres with the U.S. military and the Government of Japan has shaped its political protest identities. The “Okinawan Struggle” has evolved and into a new form, but often seen as a long lasting and unified struggle. This thesis explores Okinawa’s different protest episodes during different governing administrations and different economic structures.
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Piccini, Francesca <1992>. "Il caso di Okinawa, un'isola in protesta." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12101.
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Busolin, Eva <1992>. "Identità e alterità: il Giappone e Okinawa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13115.
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La tesi ha l’obiettivo di indagare il rapporto tra identità e alterità applicandolo al contesto storico-culturale okinawano, che verrà analizzato in relazione alle specificità dell’identità nipponica.
Fondata attorno ad un ideale di omogenea esclusività plasmato dal governo Meiji (1868-1912), la concezione identitaria giapponese lascia poco spazio alle minoranze e alle diversità che tendono a venire negate, assoggettate o discriminate. Ciò è visibile nel panorama interno in concomitanza al processo di centralizzazione e si ripresenta successivamente al momento dell’annessione di altri territori.
Siamo abituati a pensare alla provincia di Okinawa come ad una parte integrante del Giappone, ma fino a che punto essa è effettivamente considerata e si considera tale?
La cultura okinawana racchiude peculiarità uniche che sono andate definendosi prima dell’annessione formale al Giappone del 1879 e che, come tali, hanno influito e tuttora influiscono nelle relazioni della provincia con lo stato centrale. In tal senso, la politica assimilazionista successiva a tale data nei confronti di Okinawa ha assunto strategie contrastanti e non sempre coerenti, oscillando tra il tentativo di inclusione e una sostanziale diversità.
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Pisani, Valeria <1993>. "Relazioni politiche recenti tra Okinawa e Tokyo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14810.
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Recentemente, le relazioni fra il governo di Tōkyō e quello della prefettura di Okinawa hanno subito dei cambiamenti interessanti. Da una parte abbiamo l’instaurarsi dell’amministrazione di Shinzō Abe, un primo ministro che sembra stia riuscendo a rivitalizzare l’economia nipponica e a far uscire lo stato dalla grande fase di stagnazione degli ultimi decenni; dall’altra, il proseguimento di un problema che affligge la prefettura più meridionale del Giappone da oltre vent’anni, ossia il ricollocamento della base aerea statunitense di Futenma in un’altra area all’interno della prefettura stessa. Questa base è stata da sempre definita come “la più pericolosa al mondo”, a causa del fatto che nasce vicino alla città di Ginowan, che successivamente si è sviluppata attorno alla pista aerea. Il piano del suo trasferimento vicino al distretto di Henoko, accordato nel 1996 dai governi nipponico e statunitense e ufficialmente ideato nel 2006, è ora in fase di iniziazione a partire dai lavori di interramento dell’adiacente baia di Oura. Questo piano va contro il volere espresso dalla maggior parte degli okinawani, che continuano le lotte e le proteste contro la base aerea di Futenma ma anche tutte le altre basi militari statunitensi presenti sull’isola. È così che è nato lo scontro fra il governo nazionale di Tōkyō e quello di okinawa: nella prefettura, le elezioni per il governatore coinvolgono sempre la questione delle basi militari, per cui il loro risultato è determinante nello sviluppo delle relazioni con il governo centrale.
Il presente studio è stato improntato sull’analisi dei dati reperiti in archivi internet, articoli e pubblicazioni estratti da giornali e riviste online.
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Short, Courtney A. Kohn Richard H. "The enemy of my enemy is my friend Okinawan identity and military government policy in occupied Okinawa, April 1945 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1604.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Kawamitsu, Izumi. "Multiple Code Switching in an Okinawan Speech Community: An Ethnographic Perspective." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4091.
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The ethnography of communication is a mode of inquiry which investigates relationships between language and culture in a particular speech community. Based on the ethnographic perspective, this study examines a certain way of speaking at a specific historical moment in a specific community. The major focus is two disc jockeys who are characterized as "trilingual" speakers (Japanese-English-Okinawa dialect) and their code switching activities in an Okinawan local radio program.
The three-month field study took place on the island of Okinawa. Data were collected from observations at the two radio stations, transcriptions of the program, and interviews with the DJs, the program director, program listeners, and older Okinawan residents.
The situational and metaphorical code switching patterns found in the DJs' verbal interactions include: obligational code choice, topic related code choice, interjections, quotations, translations, a lack of language proficiency, reiterations, and addressee specification. Using language which reflects "we" versus "they" orientation was a major determinant of the DJs' code choices. While the DJs use dialect to maintain Okinawan group identification, the use of English appeared directed toward loosening the social separation between Okinawans and Americans who belong to mutually exclusive speech communities.
In addition to these functions of code switching related to the general social context in Okinawa, the study finds that the DJs and program listeners share the particular sociolinguistic values and therefore create a specific speech community. The DJs' use of three codes discloses two cultural phenomena in this young Okinawan speech community. One is the enhancement of Okinawan identity as a resistance to Japanization and the other is the acceptance of the American influence as part of local culture.
Although the DJs are known to be "trilingual" among the younger people, the older generation defines the DJs' dialect as Okinawan-Japanese, which is a Creole produced language contact between the Okinawa dialect and Japanese. In a strict grammatical analysis, most of the DJs' dialect is not spoken in pure form of the Okinawa dialect. However, using dialect in a certain way, the DJs maintain and share Okinawan group identity with the young program fans. Simultaneously, the mixed-background English speaking radio hosts are also accepted by listeners as a symbol of new Okinawa where the American influence has become an indispensable factor in creating its unique characteristics. The success of the "trilingual" entertainers reveals the current situation in the young Okinawan speech community where a cultural interrelation between mainland Japan, America, and Okinawa can be discovered.
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Takamiya, Hiroto. "Subsistence adaptation processes in the prehistory of Okinawa /." Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation services, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40087033s.
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Gottlieb, Matthew. "Is It Nationalism? History's Impact on Okinawan Identity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35677.
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Consisting of a subtropical archipelago south of the Japanese mainland, playing host to a bevy of American military bases, and once the semi-independent kingdom of Ryukyu, Okinawa holds a unique and contentious place within the Tokyo-run nation-state. The central argument found in these pages suggests that a new look at the islands' identity along two tracks—a "high track" that focuses on the grander objects of the region's history such as castles or monuments and a "low track" dwelling on day-to-day matters such purchasing a meal or watching a sporting event—shows Okinawa evolving into a sub-state nation solidly within Japan. As the southern realm continues developing its unique identity, fulfilling the high track's symbolism, it allows greater economic and political integration with the nation-state, showing the power of the low track. This process is not steady, but these developments provide the smoothest path for full integration with Tokyo.
Additionally, the philosophical divisions applied here allow unification between divergent approaches to nationalist theory. The bended-knee view of the region's nationalism allows Anthony D. Smith's The Ethnic Origin of Nations with its emphasis on history and ethnie to coexist with the every-day approach found in Banal Nationalism by Michael Billig and Ernest Gellner's Nations and Nationalism. These political observers seemingly holding opposing viewpoints actually work as a team. The results of this combined approach can be found all across Okinawa in ordinary places such as vending machines, professional wrestling, and license plates.<br>Master of Arts
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Molasky, Michael S. "The American occupation of Japan and Okinawa : literature and memory /." London ; New York : Routledge, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371949077.
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Shinohara, Aya. "Competition Among Juvenile Acropora on Shallow Reefs, Okinawa, Japan." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/273.
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The processes structuring coral communities involve many factors including recruitment dynamics, competitive interactions, and acute and chronic disturbances. The shallow reef at Sunabe (Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, Japan) was dominated by a dense cover of mainly Acropora spp. until the bleaching event in 1998, when most colonies died. Subsequent monitoring of the community showed that the number of juvenile colonies was high in 2000 and competition among these colonies may affect community dynamics. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of predicting community change and recovery, using short-term observation data of size-specific mortality and growth rates of coral recruits. Predictions were made using a demographic model based on a Leslie-matrix approach with data collected on the shallow reefs of Sunabe in 2000. This existing data showed a tendency of high mortality of competing colonies, but with no significant difference among species. Over the period of 2000-2004 percent cover of Acropora sp. increased from 16% to 22% however the number of colonies decreased (from 6.5 per quadrat to 2.5 per quadrat). The prediction of size fraction derived from the matrix population model and the observed size fraction based on the 2004 data showed some agreement; however the model predicted a high number of colonies in the largest size class. There were no adult colonies in 2000. A known bleaching event in 2002, causing mortality of reproducing adult colonies (high mortality and low growth rates) is most probably the reason for the disagreement between is the matrix model-based prediction and the observed community structure. Therefore, it is suggested that one more size class is add to the model, representing reproducing colonies. It is also suggested that further improvement of the model is needed for disturbances (such as bleaching, typhoon, and mass predation events). Despite these suggested improvements, the model presented here shows that it is possible to use simple community data taken over the course of 1 year to predict short-term community size class dynamics and population growth on juvenile Acropora spp. dominated reefs. Thus, such investigations have practical value for the management of coral resources.
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Sensui, Hidekazu. "Vernacular Okinawa : identity and ideology in contemporary local activism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb8fb204-dc9a-4f9a-a7a6-325b85e1736f.
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Demand for equal rights tends to be accompanied by assimilation of ethnic subordinates while the recognition of their separate identity is liable to justify unfair segregation. When an ethnic minority is aware of this dilemma, what identity are they to claim and what ideology do they present? By looking at contemporary local activism in Okinawa, Japan, this dissertation tries to give an empirical answer to this question. In Okinawans' historical experience, both their sameness as and difference from the Japanese turned out to be disadvantageous for the people. Local activists can support neither their Japanese identity nor Okinawan identity. As a result, although they struggled against the central power of the state, their activism can not be fully embraced within the category of multiculturalist movements. The body of this dissertation consists of a historical reconstruction of citizens' movements and a sociological analysis of activists' discourse on Okinawa-Japan relations. The ethnography focuses on a particular generation of educated local people, who form the mainstream of local activists in post-reversion Okinawa, and tries to illuminate what impact the reversion movement had on them and how it shaped their thought and actions thereafter. Chapter 1 describes the way in which Okinawan intellectuals re-contextualise obsolete religious tradition into their environmentalist or pacifist movements. Chapter 2 addresses the moral ambiguity of modern collective identities and demonstrates, with the Japanese as an example, that moral values change depending on transient international power relations. Chapter 3 focuses on the empirical historical context, the reversion movement, in which a category of Okinawan intellectuals realised this moral ambiguity. Chapter 4 examines an expression of regional identity, the Ryukyuan Arc, by which Okinawan activists tried to overcome the principle of modern social collectivity. Chapter 5 discusses how Okinawans' perception has historically changed in regard to their position in Japanese society.
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Juster, Jean-Charles. "Les rapports entre les danses et les arts martiaux d'Okinawa : de la forme à l'identité." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0023.
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Note thèse tend à montrer que des éléments martiaux sont présents dans certaines danses d'Okinawa. Nous avons voulu examiner réellement si ce que les spécialistes actuels de cette part de la culture des Ryûkyû voient comme une base à certaines pièces est bien du karaté ou du combat au bâton bôjutsu. Nous avons tout d'abord présenté l'histoire des danses des Ryûkyû, en tâchant de faire ressortir leur imbrications avec la cour du royaume. Nous avons fait de même pour le karaté et le bôjutsu qui sont emblématiques des arts martiaux locaux. Puis, en prenant pour fondement la forme (kata) d'un geste, nous avons vu si un geste perçu comme martial l'est réellement ou bien s'il en est une approximation. Nous avons étudié des danses des écoles, c'est-à-dire données dans le milieu urbain, des danses des campagnes, données dans les hameaux au moment des rites de fertilité des sols. Les bâtons des villages, les danses fê nu shima, les danses masculines de cour, les danses modernes et les bu no mai ainsi que les mêkata ont été au coeur de notre travail. Il nous est apparu que, de façon générale, les danses des hameaux ont des formes martiales plus justes que celles des écoles. Nous en somme ensuite parvenu à réfléchir sur l'identité des habitants d'Okinawa (Uchinâchu Okinawanais). En effet, ces différentes techniques du corps nous montrent que chaque hameau possède son identité, en cherchant à se démarquer de son voisin. De plus, de façon plus large, l'île d'Okinawa, à travers ces danses réalisées avec des gestes particuliers se met elle aussi en contraste avec le Japon métropolitain<br>Our research aimed to demonstrate that martial gestures can be found in some Okinawan dances. We wanted to analyse whether the specialists of these dances were right when they say that karate is the base of some Okinawan dances. We have first presented the history of the Ryukyuan dances, then the history of the martial arts. Thus, by using the form (kata) of the movement we studied the rightness of movement thought as martial. We have chosen villages staff, fê nu shima cances, men dances, modern dances and les bu no mai and mêkata. We have seen that in the hamlets, the martial movement were more correct than in the dances of the cities. Thus we have stated about with the identity of okinawans. These techniques of the body are the evidences that each hamlet owns its identity, by searching to be different of its neighbour. And on a wider level, with these dances, Okinawa island itself wants to be different from mainland Japan
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Okazaki, Marissa. "Reproducing White Supremacy: The U.S. Military in Okinawa and Hawai'i." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/705.
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Rezai, Amin Sharareh. "L' impact urbain des bases militaires américaines à Okinawa, un territoire forgé par l’occupation." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100081.
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Okinawa se distingue du reste du Japon par de nombreux aspects géographiques, historiques et culturels. En 1945, l’île est le lieu de la plus sanglante des batailles du Pacifique. De 1945 aux années 1960, les militaires occupent les espaces des bases qu’ils s’approprient et dirigent également administrativement, politiquement et économiquement l’île et sa population. L’impact territorial des bases est important et a des conséquences sur les pratiques de certains quartiers. Des formes urbaines liées à cette présence militaire se développent en zone civile : les « American Streets ». Ce sont des quartiers commerçants destinés au divertissement des américains. En 1972, Okinawa est restitué au Japon mais l’occupation territoriale américaine reste quasi-identique. Malgré d’importants investissements dans le tourisme, son économie reste dépendante de la présence américaine et des subventions du gouvernement japonais. En étudiant les American Streets et les territoires restitués, cette thèse analyse dans quelles mesures la présence américaine marque à long terme le territoire et la société d’Okinawa. Nous étudions la ville de Koza, où il existait un quartier réservé aux militaires afro-américains. Apple Town est un autre quartier dont le déclin est représentatif des conséquences du départ des troupes américaines. American Village est un projet visant à émanciper Okinawa, mais dont les procédés de conception restent liés aux bases. Deux autres exemples de projets, à Makiminato et à Yomitan, montrent les différentes dynamiques d’aménagement des territoires militaires restitués. La présence militaire détermine toutes perspectives de développement pour Okinawa<br>Okinawa differs from the rest of Japan geographically, historically and culturally. In 1945, the island was the site of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific. From 1945 to the 1960’s, the military U. S. Forces occupy the areas used for their bases which they appropriate as their own territory and also run the island and control its people administratively, politically and economically. The bases have an impact on the territory and have implications for daily life in certain neighborhoods. Urban forms linked to the military presence are expanding in civilian areas: the "American Streets". They are commercial districts offering entertainment for Americans. In 1972, Okinawa returns to Japan, but the American territorial occupation continues practically unchanged. Despite significant investments in tourism, the economy remains dependent on the U. S. Presence and Japanese government subsidies. With the study of American streets and returned military lands, this thesis analyses in which extent the American military installations will impact durably the territory and the society of Okinawa. The study focus on the Koza town, where there was a district catering specifically to African American soldiers. Apple Town is another district whose decline reflects the consequences of the departure of American troops. American Village is a project aimed at empowering Okinawa, but whose design processes are linked to the bases. Two examples of this are projects in Makiminato and in Yomitan, which illustrate different dynamics of the development of former military lands returned to their owners. The U. S. Military presence determines any prospect of development for Okinawa
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Nasser, Mauricio Dominguez [UNESP]. "Propagação por garfagem da aceroleira cv. Okinawa sobre diferentes porta-enxertos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98771.
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nasser_md_me_ilha.pdf: 1384774 bytes, checksum: de6cfca2aeacc995f5ffbee5a87204dd (MD5)<br>A importância de se estudar a acerola deve-se ao alto teor de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) contido nos frutos, com valores de até 4000 mg por 100 g de polpa. A área ocupada com a cultura da aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) no Estado de São Paulo abrange 597 ha e 65% da produção está localizada na região da Alta Paulista. Nesta região os produtores utilizam a cultivar Olivier, e a propagação é realizada por estaquia, devido à baixa germinação das sementes e desuniformidade das plantas quando propagadas por sementes. Ressaltando o interesse de incentivar o cultivo de outras variedades de aceroleira como a Okinawa, que se destaca nas demais regiões produtoras do Brasil, e na busca de um porta-enxerto alternativo para nematoides; objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o pegamento e o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas da aceroleira cv. Okinawa propagadas por enxertia de garfagem tipo fenda completa cheia sobre diferentes porta-enxertos. O experimento foi conduzido de 10 de janeiro a 12 de dezembro de 2011 no viveiro experimental do Polo Regional Alta Paulista da APTA, em Adamantina-SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 7 porta-enxertos propagados por sementes, das seguintes cultivares: Okinawa, Olivier, Apodi (BRS 235), Cereja (BRS 236), Roxinha (BRS 237), Frutacor (BRS 238) e Waldy CATI 30. Para o enxerto, utilizaram-se somente garfos da cultivar Okinawa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 7 tratamentos (porta-enxertos), e 3 repetições. Aos 40, 55 e 75 dias após a enxertia foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de pegamento através da emissão de brotos acima da região enxertada; altura da muda, diâmetro dos caules do portaenxerto e enxerto, número de folhas e brotos emitidos no enxerto. Aos 75 dias após a enxertia avaliaram-se a massa da matéria seca da...<br>The importance of Barbados cherry study applied the high ascorbic acid content (vitamin C) in the fruits, with values until 4000 mg of ascorbic acid by 100 g pulp. The placed area with Barbados cherry plant (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) in state of São Paulo include 597 ha e 65% of production situated in Alta Paulista land. In this land the rural producers use cultivar Olivier and the propagation realized by cuttings, due to low germination of seeds and nonuniform plants propagated by seeds. Underscoring the interest of encouraging the cultivation of others Barbados cherry plant varieties like Okinawa, which stands out in other regions of Brazil, and the pursuit of a rootstock alternative nematodes; the objective of this work was to evaluate the grafting success and the initial development of Barbados cherry cv. Okinawa propagated by cleft grafting on different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted from January 10 to December 12 2011 in the experimental nursery Polo Regional Alta Paulista of APTA in Adamantina-SP. The treatments consisted of seven rootstocks propagated by seeds of the following varieties: Okinawa, Olivier, Apodi (BRS 235), Cherry (BRS 236), Roxinha (BRS 237), Frutacor (BRS 238) and Waldy CATI 30. For the grafting, we used only forks cultivar Okinawa. The experimental design completely randomized with 7 treatments (rootstocks), and 3 replications. At 40, 55 and 75 days after cleft grafting was evaluated the following variables: grafting success percentage through the bud emission over grafting region, height of seedling, stalk diameter of rootstock and graft, number of leaves and buds emitted on graft. At 75 days after cleft grafting was evaluated the shoot, root and total dry matter mass. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that due to the high percentage of living grafts on different rootstocks... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Nakada, Mark Tadao. "Dreaming Okinawa, a poetic and critical investigation of mixed-race subjectivity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24607.pdf.
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Nasser, Mauricio Dominguez 1976. "Propagação por garfagem da aceroleira cv. Okinawa sobre diferentes porta-enxertos /." Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98771.
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Orientador: Luiz de Souza Corrêa<br>Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani<br>Banca: Sonia Maria Nalesso Marangoni Montes<br>Resumo: A importância de se estudar a acerola deve-se ao alto teor de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) contido nos frutos, com valores de até 4000 mg por 100 g de polpa. A área ocupada com a cultura da aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) no Estado de São Paulo abrange 597 ha e 65% da produção está localizada na região da Alta Paulista. Nesta região os produtores utilizam a cultivar Olivier, e a propagação é realizada por estaquia, devido à baixa germinação das sementes e desuniformidade das plantas quando propagadas por sementes. Ressaltando o interesse de incentivar o cultivo de outras variedades de aceroleira como a Okinawa, que se destaca nas demais regiões produtoras do Brasil, e na busca de um porta-enxerto alternativo para nematoides; objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o pegamento e o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas da aceroleira cv. Okinawa propagadas por enxertia de garfagem tipo fenda completa cheia sobre diferentes porta-enxertos. O experimento foi conduzido de 10 de janeiro a 12 de dezembro de 2011 no viveiro experimental do Polo Regional Alta Paulista da APTA, em Adamantina-SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 7 porta-enxertos propagados por sementes, das seguintes cultivares: Okinawa, Olivier, Apodi (BRS 235), Cereja (BRS 236), Roxinha (BRS 237), Frutacor (BRS 238) e Waldy CATI 30. Para o enxerto, utilizaram-se somente garfos da cultivar Okinawa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 7 tratamentos (porta-enxertos), e 3 repetições. Aos 40, 55 e 75 dias após a enxertia foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de pegamento através da emissão de brotos acima da região enxertada; altura da muda, diâmetro dos caules do portaenxerto e enxerto, número de folhas e brotos emitidos no enxerto. Aos 75 dias após a enxertia avaliaram-se a massa da matéria seca da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The importance of Barbados cherry study applied the high ascorbic acid content (vitamin C) in the fruits, with values until 4000 mg of ascorbic acid by 100 g pulp. The placed area with Barbados cherry plant (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) in state of São Paulo include 597 ha e 65% of production situated in Alta Paulista land. In this land the rural producers use cultivar Olivier and the propagation realized by cuttings, due to low germination of seeds and nonuniform plants propagated by seeds. Underscoring the interest of encouraging the cultivation of others Barbados cherry plant varieties like Okinawa, which stands out in other regions of Brazil, and the pursuit of a rootstock alternative nematodes; the objective of this work was to evaluate the grafting success and the initial development of Barbados cherry cv. Okinawa propagated by cleft grafting on different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted from January 10 to December 12 2011 in the experimental nursery Polo Regional Alta Paulista of APTA in Adamantina-SP. The treatments consisted of seven rootstocks propagated by seeds of the following varieties: Okinawa, Olivier, Apodi (BRS 235), Cherry (BRS 236), Roxinha (BRS 237), Frutacor (BRS 238) and Waldy CATI 30. For the grafting, we used only forks cultivar Okinawa. The experimental design completely randomized with 7 treatments (rootstocks), and 3 replications. At 40, 55 and 75 days after cleft grafting was evaluated the following variables: grafting success percentage through the bud emission over grafting region, height of seedling, stalk diameter of rootstock and graft, number of leaves and buds emitted on graft. At 75 days after cleft grafting was evaluated the shoot, root and total dry matter mass. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that due to the high percentage of living grafts on different rootstocks... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Stavale, Giuseppe A. "The evolution of Japan's constitution and implications for U.S. forces on Okinawa." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStavale.pdf.
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Brina, Elizabeth. "Not Japanese." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2443.
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A memoir that focuses on the complications of growing as the only daughter of a mother from Okinawa and a father from the United States. They met at a nightclub, where her mother worked as a waitress, outside an Army base, where her father was stationed during U.S. Military occupation of the island. These marriages between Okinawan women and U.S. Servicemen have been quite common since 1945, after the Battle of Okinawa, when a massive complex of bases was first established. Okinawan women must leave their homes and their families to follow their husbands to the United States, where they are faced with challenges of racism, language barriers and isolation. Their children often grow up rejecting and resenting their Okinawan identities, causing further alienation.
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Sarashima, S. "Intangible cultural heritage in Japan : Bingata, a traditional dyed textile from Okinawa." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1388906/.
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My thesis is an ethnographic investigation of the social impact of Japan’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) policy, a government scheme that supports practitioners of traditional crafts and performing arts and defines their skills accordingly. This concept of heritage was developed in Japan immediately following the Second World War, when the country, then under the USA’s control, was attempting to establish a social value of ‘tradition’ while also pursuing the economic and social development that has facilitated the nation’s Americanisation. People in contemporary Japan continue to engage in many traditional practices despite drastic social and cultural changes over the last century. Highly skilled artists and craftsmen, recognised as custodians of traditional cultural expressions, are known as ‘Living National Treasures’ and enjoy widespread respect. The Japanese concept of heritage differs significantly from that found in Euro-North American academic discussion, which has been developed chiefly through the orientation to seek the ‘sense of origin’ by preserving tangible heritage such as historic sites and monuments. Since the United Nations Educational, Science, and Cultural Organi[s]ation (UNESCO) established the Convention for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2004, the idea of ICH has been incorporated into Western heritage studies. In this context, however, ICH has focused mainly sociopolitical impacts on post-colonial countries. Little attempt has been made to understand how people experience ICH in their daily lives and why ‘tradition’ is needed in contemporary society. Japanese ICH comprises established social institutions in the context of a large, highly developed society where Western influence has led to homogenised ways of living. This thesis aims to question the generally held assumptions about ICH being a social norm through which people respect ‘tradition’ and expect it to be safeguarded for its own sake as a counter value of modernity, westernisation and globalisation. To challenge this monolithic assumption towards ICH, an anthropological analysis is essential to considering ICH as a cultural form of living human activity in an ever-changing society, which has come to be shared by people as a result of modernity. To observe a cultural form inventoried as ‘tradition’, the focus is placed on several entities such as the practitioner, the work, the production techniques, the consumer, and the space where the form originates, including the people who inhabit this space and their relationship with others. A key question is ‘what has happened to the relationship between these entities since the inception of the ICH policy in 1950’? To demonstrate the complexity and sophistication of a cultural form identified as ‘tradition’, I provide an example of a traditional textile-dyeing technique, known as Bingata, practised in Okinawa Prefecture. This study explores the transformative social meaning of Bingata through the process of its ‘traditionalisation’ and its impact to contemporary society. My ethnographic research provides examples of the practitioners’ and local people’s past and present relationship with Bingata, and the culture of consumption surrounding the use of Bingata material. Based on the personal narratives, my observations of people’s bodily actions through the Bingata material acquired during my field research, conducted at Bingata workshops, museums and tourist sites in Okinawa, and a kimono market in Tokyo, I will reveal the metamorphic character of Bingata ‘tradition’, realised through the transformation and innovation of technique, materials and form as a result of craftspeople’s experience of social dynamics and feedback from consumers. Through people’s physical and emotional engagement on the material in several different locations, I analysis the social capacity of production and consumption of Bingata as ‘tradition’. From the anthropological analysis of Bingata practice, I present a constructive approach to ICH, viewing it is a social milieu in which people and their actions and emotions are actively related, by establishing the value of ‘tradition’ in a cultural form. I emphasise how the conservation activities implied by the concept of ICH are better understood as an effort to establish a social institution of ‘tradition’, in which people recognise the value of a cultural form by producing and consuming it.
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Yoshimoto, Shohei. "Dynamics of Groundwater Nitrates in Limestone Aquifer of the Southern Okinawa Island." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157724.
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Altenberg, Blake. "In the Shadow of Shuri Castle: The Battle of Okinawa in Memory." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses/2.
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The memory of the battle of Okinawa was shaped by politics. The memory of the battle for Okinawans emphasizes war crimes committed against them and the devastating impact that was inflicted upon their peaceful island. Their emphasis on sole victimization led to other Okinawan narratives being either downplayed or outright denied. To remove American bases off their island, gain recognition for Japanese atrocities plus reparations, the Okinawans portrayed themselves as a peaceful people that were the sole victims of the battle of Okinawa. The United States glossed over the crimes committed by the Japanese on Okinawa and Asia to use Japan as a bulwark against what they perceived as communist aggression in Asia. To solidify this new alliance, the United States promoted reconciliation instead of punishment. In doing so, they willingly forget atrocities committed by the Japanese against Asian nationals. Americans also remember the battle in conjunction with the dropping of two atomic bombs and to justify their morally superior position to the Soviet Union, promote a more complex picture of the decision to use the bombs. This included discussing how Okinawa changed the American leader’s perspectives on a mainland Japan invasion. As a result, has become increasingly difficult to separate Okinawa and the bombs because of their temporal closeness. The Japanese tend to remember the battle as a heroic last stand and emphasize sacrifice to inspire future generations partly out of fear that Japanese youth have gone soft, ultimately demonstrating that Japan has not fully come to terms with her memory of the Second World War.
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Trentin, Claudia <1987>. "Japan-U.S. Security Relations: The issue of U.S. military bases in Okinawa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2607.
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Stocco, Federica <1988>. "Basi militari statunitensi a Okinawa: il caso Futenma tra accordi e proteste." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2637.
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au, M. Tanji@murdoch edu, and Miyume Tanji. "The Enduring Myth of an Okinawan Struggle: The History and Trajectory of a Diverse Community of Protest." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040510.152840.
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The islands of Okinawa have a long history of peoples protest. Much of this has been a manifestation in one way or another of Okinawas enforced assimilation into Japan and their differential treatment thereafter. However, it is only in the contemporary period that we find interpretations among academic and popular writers of a collective political movement opposing marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans. This is most powerfully expressed in the idea of the three waves of a post-war Okinawan struggle against the US military bases. Yet, since Okinawas annexation to Japan in 1879, differences have constantly existed among protest groups over the reasons for and the means by which to protest, and these have only intensified after the reversion to Japanese administration in 1972.
This dissertation examines the trajectory of Okinawan protest actors, focusing on the development and nature of internal differences, the origin and survival of the idea of a united Okinawan struggle, and the implications of these factors for political reform agendas in Okinawa. It explains the internal differences in organisation, strategies and collective identities among the groups in terms of three major priorities in their protest. There are those protesters principally preoccupied with opposing the US-Japan security treaty and for whom the preservation of pacifist clauses of the Constitution and the utilisation of formal legal and political processes are paramount as a modus operandi. There are also those primarily concerned to protect Okinawas distinctive lifestyle and natural environment, as well as an assortment of feminist groups fundamentally opposed to the presence of US bases due to concerns about patriarchy and exploitation of women, fostered by militarism. In these last two perspectives, protest tends to be conducted much more via informal, network-oriented processes, and includes engagement with international civil society groups.
The increasing range of protest groups derived from the expansion of these last two perspectives, diversifying beyond the traditional workers unions and political parties, is consistent with the new social movement theory. This theorys emphasis on the importance of socio economic change for the emergence of groups with post-materialist reform agendas and a stronger predisposition towards informal political processes resonates with the Okinawan experiences. However, the impact of this has been, especially after the reversion in 1972, to hinder effective coalition building among the Okinawan protest groups and organisations, weakening their power to bring about political reforms, particularly towards the removal of the US military bases from the island.
Crucially, though, the idea of an Okinawan struggle has endured in the community of protest throughout the post-war period. Ideas about marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans constitute a powerful myth of an Okinawan struggle, which has a long history of being redefined, used and exploited differently
by a wide range of protest actors, adjusted to their particular and historically specific struggles. Indeed, in the event that the US military bases were withdrawn from Okinawa, the ability and appeal of the myth of an Okinawan struggle would therefore not necessarily expire, even if it will increasingly be joined by other protest perspectives as a result of the flowering of new social movements.
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Abe, Yoko. "Manufacturing security mass media coverage of depleted uranium weapon used in Okinawa, Japan /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2197.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 230 p. : col. ill., col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-209).
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Ramos, Alexandre José Carvalho. "Efeito do treino de Karate-do Okinawa Goju-Ryu nos conteúdos da consciência." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29368.
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Murray, Andrea Elizabeth. "Footprints in Paradise: Ethnography of Ecotourism, Local Knowledge, and Nature Therapies in Okinawa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10297.
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Social and political life on small subtropical islands is frequently shaped by the economic imperative of sustainable tourism development. In Okinawa, “ecotourism” promises to provide employment for a dwindling population of rural youth while preserving the natural environment and bolstering regional pride. In this dissertation, I consider how new subjectivities are produced when host communities come to see themselves through the lens of the visiting tourist. I further explore how Okinawans’ sense of place and identity are transformed as their language, landscapes, and wildlife are reconstituted as “cherishable,” yet vulnerable resources. I present a case study of how local ecological knowledge moves inter-generationally (between Okinawan elders and youth) and cross-culturally (between Okinawan nature guides and international and mainland Japanese tourists, who are often also considered “foreign”). By tracing the formal and informal social networks through which specific attitudes, beliefs, and sensibilities about the environment are circulated and reproduced, I demonstrate how nature-based therapies marketed to tourists for stress relief and lifestyle rehabilitation (e.g., forest therapy, dolphin therapy, and coral “gardening”) also influence Okinawan attitudes toward health and wellness. These kinds of activities reconfigure human relationships with non-human animal species; creatures previously “good to eat” (Harris 1985) are now even better to heal. “Sustainability” in Okinawa always begins with the question of military bases. The ecotourism concept poses a compelling, if problematic, economic alternative to the expansion of US bases into northern Okinawa, the hub of environmentally oriented conservationist, educational, and tourist programs on the main island. My analysis of the ecological and cultural effects of sustaining the tourism industry in Okinawa speaks to small islands facing similar economic and environmental challenges in East Asia, the Caribbean, Oceania, and beyond.<br>Anthropology
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Dobos, Paul H. "Evaluations of 404 MHz radar wind profiler observations at Okinawa during TCM-90." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23664.
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Forgash, Rebecca. "Military transnational marriage in Okinawa: Intimacy across boundaries of nation, race, and class." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280696.
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This dissertation is an ethnographic study of the lives of Okinawan women and American military men involved in long-term intimate relationships. The United States military has maintained a large-scale presence in Okinawa, Japan's southernmost prefecture, since the Second World War, and more than 50,000 military personnel, civilian employees, and family members are stationed there today. Within Japan, Okinawa Prefecture consistently has the highest rate of international marriage, but unlike in the country's northern urban centers, transnational sex and romance continue to be associated with the largely unwanted U.S. military presence. For their part, the individuals I interviewed eschewed such political symbolism, emphasizing instead the everyday successes and failures of living together and raising children, surviving in the military community, and building friendships and family relationships in off-base environments. Their stories speak volumes about on-the-ground relationships between Okinawans and U.S. servicemen, as well as processes of identity formation that blur the boundaries between on-base and off-base communities. On a conceptual level, the dissertation explores the military's impact on local processes of cultural production and reproduction. Specifically, it focuses on the transformation of popular ideas concerning intimacy and family, investigating (1) changing understandings of sexual morality, especially with reference to interracial relationships and broader conceptions of class difference; (2) the flexibility of ideas concerning family responsibilities and obligations, with particular attention to the ways in which American husbands and fathers are incorporated into actual families and communities; and (3) the influence of military institutional concerns on local families as Okinawan military wives are integrated into the global U.S. military community. I argue that military-related social transformations can be discerned within the most intimate situations involving self, sexuality, and family. Furthermore, changing understandings of intimacy and family have become integral to formulations of Okinawan identity and difference, particularly through the appropriation of military transnational couples and their children as symbols of Okinawa's continuing subjugation to both the U.S. military and the Japanese nation-state. The dissertation concludes with questions concerning the impact of the U.S. military, conceptualized as a transnational institutional complex, on similar aspects of cultural production in host communities worldwide.
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Inoue, Fumi. "ThePolitics of Extraterritoriality in Post-Occupation Japan and U.S.-Occupied Okinawa, 1952-1972:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109151.
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Thesis advisor: Franziska Seraphim<br>This dissertation locates post-occupation Japan and U.S.-occupied Okinawa during the period between 1952 and 1972 within global and transnational histories of extraterritoriality. The subject of the historical inquiry is the politics surrounding the postwar U.S. policy of retaining extraterritorial jurisdiction over criminal cases involving its military personnel and locals in Japan and Okinawa. The primary objective is to historicize the U.S. Department of Defense’ seven-decades-long policy of maximizing national jurisdiction over its service members’ cases committed on foreign soil as well as contemporary Japanese attitudes toward ongoing public debates about Article 17 (criminal jurisdiction provision) of the 1960 Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement. Based on archival documents collected in Okinawa, Japan, and the United States, I demonstrate how the racialized notions of civilization rooted in nineteenth-century western—and particularly U.S.—supremacy drove the rationale for the postwar American military legal regime of exception and invoked varied reactions to it. This dissertation highlights vertical interactions between state policymaking and local/transnational grassroots responses in occupied Okinawa and post-occupation Japan in order to show how U.S. diplomacy manifested on the ground, and how it coped with various forms of resistance and made adjustments in response. Over the two decades beginning with Japan’s recovery of sovereignty in 1952 and ending with Okinawa’s reversion to Japan in 1972, the triangular relationship underwent a process of negotiation over each entity’s legal and political subjecthood. Japanese civil society mobilized a nationalist protest movement against the specter of postwar U.S. extraterritoriality in the immediate aftermath of the Allied occupation asserting the integrity of territorial sovereignty. The lingering tensions between U.S. exceptionalism and Japanese nationalism were defused in the late-1950s as the Eisenhower administration decided to reduce the colossal presence of U.S. armed forces on the Japanese archipelago. In U.S.-occupied Okinawa (1945-1972), the islanders’ resistance to “extraterritorial” military justice also generated popular fronts. Yet, in contrast to the Japanese resistance which by and large relied on the Euro-centric Westphalian principle of national sovereignty, Okinawans came to employ the egalitarian spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the mid-1950s to demand legal justice and proper compensation even under military rule. As most U.S. military bases in Japan were moved to tiny Okinawa resulting from Washington’s realignment of U.S. armed forces in Asia in the late 1950s and thereafter, Okinawans’ protest against U.S. military incidents evolved in parallel with their institutionalization of popular human rights activism, and the process invigorated the consolidation of political forces for reversion. My research finds that as Japanese, American, and Third World activists joined Okinawans in solidarity as they all protested the postwar American military legal regime of exception, a new meaning of “civilization” was born through collective appeals for the rule of law and universal human rights that had long-term consequences even as Okinawa was integrated into the Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement in 1972<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: History
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Cossu, Martina <1993>. "La rivitalizzazione linguistica in Italia e in Giappone: Sardegna e Okinawa a confronto." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16307.
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Questa tesi si prefissa l’obiettivo, attraverso il confronto dell’attuale situazione delle lingue in pericolo presenti in esse e degli interventi di rivitalizzazione e conservazione delle stesse, di capire ciò che la Regione autonoma della Sardegna e la prefettura di Okinawa potrebbero imparare l’una dall’altra per restituire prestigio a tali lingue e un senso di identità ai parlanti di quest’ultime.
Nel primo capitolo verranno introdotti i concetti perno di ecologia linguistica, di lingua in pericolo e di deriva linguistica, seguiti da una spiegazione sui processi storici e sociali che hanno portato alla situazione di crisi attuale le lingue autoctone delle due regioni (Lingue di Kunigami, di Okinawa, di Miyako, di Yaeyama e di Yonaguni nella prefettura di Okinawa; sardo campidanese, sardo logudorese, gallurese, catalano algherese, sassarese e tabarchino nella Regione autonoma della Sardegna).
Nel secondo capitolo verranno prima affrontati la definizione di rivitalizzazione linguistica e i suoi principali studiosi, Fishman, Crystal e Zuckermann. Basandosi poi sullo schema ideato da quest’ultimo, chiamato LARD (Language revival diamond), verranno esposti le attitudini linguistiche, lo status plan, il corpus plan e i piani di educazione linguistica adottati in Sardegna e ad Okinawa.
Nelle conclusioni, infine, verranno tirate le somme sui due sistemi di rivitalizzazione, mettendo in evidenza i punti di forza che l’uno può adottare dall’altro.
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Davis, Freddy. "Implementation of a balanced model of church growth into a Japanese church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Franklin, Raymond E. "A program for enabling pastors in Okinawa, Japan, to develop strategies for church strengthening." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Chao, Chi-Fang. "Dancing and ritualisation : an ethnographic study of the social performances in southern Okinawa, Japan." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/675/.
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Stigliano, Messuti Giovanni <1997>. "Mensōrē ja nai! – L’impatto delle politiche di State building sul paesaggio dell’isola di Okinawa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20006.
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Il presente studio si propone di analizzare in che misura il processo di State building – ovvero, quando l’autorità statale utilizza il potere di cui è depositaria per eliminare le resistenze interne e convogliare verso un sedicente “centro” le risorse disponibili – abbia saputo modificare il paesaggio dell’isola maggiore di Okinawa a vantaggio della classe dirigente, ponendo in evidenza il nesso tra cambi di policy e variazioni nell’ambiente circostante.
In linea di principio, la nostra tesi è che, in presenza di una forte spinta ideologica o nel nome di un economismo totalizzante, sussista la possibilità che suddetto “centro” decida di dichiarare guerra a quegli spazi interstiziali entro cui si esercitano la libertà e socialità dei cittadini, arrivando a eliminare con la forza ciò che non collima con le sue astrazioni pur di sostanziarle, e che ciò si verifichi con maggiore violenza in mancanza di una sovranità stabile e consensuale.
Adattando le considerazioni della critica post-Strutturalista (James C. Scott, Michel Foucault, David Harvey, Henri Lefebvre ed Edward W. Soja) al nostro oggetto di studio, si può notare come riforme introdotte in campi anche molto distanti tra loro (fisco, anagrafe, catasto) e da padroni differenti (Giappone imperiale, Amministrazione americana, Giappone postbellico) condividano il medesimo obiettivo di rendere leggibile – amministrativamente parlando – il paesaggio dell’isola agli occhi dello Stato centrale, in modo da meglio sfruttarne le ricchezze e disperdere gli elementi di disturbo, primo fra tutti lo sviluppo di un’autentica identità okinawana.
Gli ambiti in cui tale transizione è stata e continua a essere più evidente, e che pertanto vanno a costituire le quattro macroaree di analisi, sono i seguenti:
• Abitazioni e industria edilizia;
• Regimi di proprietà e d’impresa;
• Estrazione e redistribuzione delle risorse;
• Servizi ai cittadini e burocrazia;
Benché detti strumenti epistemologici non siano mai stati applicati allo studio della realtà okinawana prima d’ora, riteniamo che essa rappresenti un case study particolarmente ricco di interesse, in quanto:
1. Riunisce in sé le storture del capitale sia del XX (organized/entrepreneurial capitalism) che del XXI (disorganized/speculative capitalism) secolo, manifestandole in una scala più facilmente osservabile da parte del ricercatore;
2. Costituisce un’unità insulare di discreta estensione territoriale, a sua volta inglobata in un più vasto Stato-nazione insulare di cui riproduce debolezze e contraddizioni;
3. È stata a lungo apolide e utilizzata quale merce di scambio in schermaglie geopolitiche, vedendosi negato il proprio diritto all’autodeterminazione;
4. Presenta un contesto idrogeologico, faunistico e ambientale di rara bellezza e fragilità, sul quale gli effetti collaterali delle politiche di accentramento – soprattutto per quanto concerne l’edilizia e le opere pubbliche – sono particolarmente evidenti;
5. È vittima di dinamiche socioeconomiche sperequate di matrice post-coloniale da cui gran parte dell’Asia Orientale si è ormai emancipata, la cui persistenza è da imputarsi alla dipendenza indotta dal mainald giapponese (hondo).
Scopo ultimo dello studio, al di là di risalire alle ragioni – talvolta eminentemente politiche, talvolta afferenti a un sostrato antropologico più difficile da disaminare – alla base delle decisioni prese dal governo di turno, è quello di individuare possibili strategie di crescita per il futuro, in grado di garantire autonomia e sviluppo sostenibile a una realtà che, con l’avanzare della globalizzazione, rischia sempre più di essere travolta dal corso degli eventi, nonché di veder fagocitate quelle particolarità paesaggistiche che costituiscono il suo vero tesoro.
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Higa, Laís Miwa. "Umi Nu Kanata - do outro lado do mar: história e diferença na \'comunidade okinawana brasileira\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-12012016-140524/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é explorar as construções de narrativas históricas, culturais, de classe, de gênero e de geração produzidas pela comunidade okinawana brasileira. Por meio de suas várias expressões dança, performance, publicações , mas também de suas formas de sociabilidade, intentamos entender as diferentes maneiras como esse grupo se produz nos seus jogos paradoxais de inclusão e de exclusão social. Procuramos avaliar, ainda, como todos esses processos estão conectados a uma certa brasilidade, mas como também (e ao mesmo tempo) o grupo reforça, sempre, discursos de diferença e autonomia. A metodologia do trabalho se insere no debate sobre antropologias nativas e lida com seus impasses.<br>The main goal of this dissertation is to explore how the historical, cultural, but also class, gender and generation narratives are built by the Brazilian Okinawan community. Through its various expressions dance, performance, publications and also thought other forms of sociability, we tried to understand the different ways that this group creates to understand and to deal with social inclusion and exclusion. We tried to portrait how this road is connected with a certain brazility and, at the same time, how they reiterate speeches that mark difference and autonomy. The methodology of this work is based on the debate known as native anthropology, and deals with its challenges.
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Lövgren, Anton. "The independence movement on Okinawa, Japan : A study on the impact of US military presence." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för japanska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145149.
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Roth, Dale L. "Planting a contextualized Japanese church in Okinawa, Japan using an "on-the-job" training approach." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Horvit, Beverly J. "Putting Okinawa on the agenda : a case study on agenda-setting in U.S. foreign policy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962533.
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Nunami, Shin. "Developmental history of the peculiar "modern-type" mammal fauna of Miyako Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120670.
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Vitellaro, Luca <1997>. "Deriva linguistica nelle Ryūkyū: sviluppo diacronico dei comportamenti linguistici all'interno degli ambienti domestici a Okinawa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20934.
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A partire dal Periodo Meiji, gli abitanti delle isole Ryūkyū furono sottoposti a un tortuoso processo di assimilazione culturale e linguistica che prevedeva la progressiva affermazione nel territorio ryukyuano del giapponese standard a discapito delle lingue locali, che, di conseguenza, iniziarono il loro tragitto verso il declino. Tutto ciò era stato attuato affinché si potesse riunire il popolo ryukyuano e quello giapponese sotto un’unica nazione e un’unica cultura. Tuttavia, questa ideologia basata sul monolinguismo portò all’interruzione della trasmissione intergenerazionale e al conseguente rischio di estinzione delle lingue ryukyuane.
Il presente elaborato verte sull’analisi del fenomeno della deriva linguistica nello specifico ambito dell’isola di Okinawa, con un focus più preciso sull’interruzione della trasmissione intergenerazionale della varietà locale, l’Uchinaaguchi, all’interno delle famiglie residenti oppure originarie dell’isola. Si inizierà cercando di fornire un quadro socio-linguistico dell’isola e della lingua di Okinawa, della quale verrà successivamente stilato un inventario morfo-sintattico, grammaticale, lessicale e fonetico, trattandola come una vera e propria lingua a sé stante. In seguito, si approfondirà il tema della deriva linguistica, prima nelle isole Ryūkyū in generale, poi nello specifico contesto di Okinawa, illustrando tutte le fasi di questo processo. Successivamente, ci si focalizzerà maggiormente sull’ambito domestico e si proverà a delineare il cambiamento dei comportamenti linguistici all’interno delle famiglie di Okinawa. Alla luce dei dati ottenuti da interviste e questionari somministrati ai membri di tali famiglie, si cercherà dunque di capire come sono cambiate le scelte linguistiche all’interno delle mura domestiche, come viene percepito tale mutamento e se vi è qualche possibilità di rivitalizzazione di queste lingue a rischio di estinzione.
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González, de la Fuente Eduardo. "La conformación del karate de Okinawa entre la tradición y la modernidad. Una aproximación a los procesos interculturales en el contexto de la globalización." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670545.
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El karate és una de les arts marcials més famoses del món, i un de les principals icones culturals incorporats des del Japó a la cultura global. En termes històrics, el boom internacional del karate, iniciat en els anys 60, precedeix a l'interès global per altres manifestacions de la cultura popular japonesa com el sushi, l'animi, el manga o el J-pop. Així mateix, el poder simbòlic del karate s'expressa no únicament a través de les pràctiques marcials i/o esportives, sinó també mitjançant una extensa gamma de productes de consum com a pel·lícules, revistes, llibres, videojocs o joguines entre molts altres béns àmpliament disseminats a escala global. Malgrat la seva imatge de tradició, llargament difosa com a insígnia de l'essència japonesa i les seves pràctiques culturals, el karate ha protagonitzat, i continua fent-ho, un complex procés històric de resignificación de les seves formes i referents d'acord amb el context i els condicionants del moment. Especialment durant el segle XX factors polítics, econòmics i culturals han modelat les narratives i pràctiques discursives que s'han anat associat per concatenació al karate, recreant, matisant o desmentint lectures prèvies sobre la seva manifestació com a expressió cultural. Analitzades en el seu conjunt la reproducció i disseminació d'aquests discursos representacionals del karate componen una miscel·lània notablement heterogènia que, a diferència d'interpretacions reduccionistes considerablement divulgades, evidència l'enorme diversitat interna, passada i present, de la seva manifestació cultural. El que en última instància dóna compte de la pluralitat constitutiva de la cultura i la societat japonesa.
La hipòtesi que sosté aquesta recerca és que el karate okinawense constitueix una manifestació intercultural que ha conreat un ús complex de l'adaptació i la resignificació de múltiples practiques i imaginaris resultants de la relació entre Okinawa i el Japó, especialment en el context de la modernitat i de manera accelerada en l'actual escenari de la globalització. És justament aquesta plasticitat la que integra el karate en mecanismes sociohistòrics i culturals de llarg abast, l'estudi del qual permet una millor comprensió del fenomen de la interculturalitat d'Àsia oriental.
Una observació atenta de la condició del karate demostra que la circulació global d'imatges culturals japoneses està subjecta a processos de reconfiguració política i econòmica que es nodreixen de la dialèctica entre les subcultures i els nuclis de les cultures legítimes, en funció de les necessitats domèstiques i les demandes transnacionals.<br>El karate es una de las artes marciales más famosas del mundo, y uno de los principales iconos culturales incorporados desde Japón a la cultura global. En términos históricos, el boom internacional del karate, iniciado en los años 60, precede al interés global por otras manifestaciones de la cultura popular japonesa como el sushi, el anime, el manga o el J-pop. Asimismo, el poder simbólico del karate se expresa no únicamente a través de las prácticas marciales y/o deportivas, sino también mediante una extensa gama de productos de consumo como películas, revistas, libros, videojuegos o juguetes entre otros muchos bienes ampliamente diseminados a escala global. A pesar de su imagen de tradición, largamente difundida como insignia de la esencia japonesa y sus prácticas culturales, el karate ha protagonizado, y continúa haciéndolo, un complejo proceso histórico de resignificación de sus formas y referentes de acuerdo con el contexto y los condicionantes del momento. En especial durante el siglo XX factores políticos, económicos y culturales han moldeado las narrativas y prácticas discursivas que se han ido asociado por concatenación al karate, recreando, matizando o desmintiendo lecturas previas acerca de su manifestación como expresión cultural. Analizadas en su conjunto la reproducción y diseminación de dichos discursos representacionales del karate componen una miscelánea notablemente heterogénea que, a diferencia de interpretaciones reduccionistas considerablemente divulgadas, evidencia la enorme diversidad interna, pasada y presente, de su manifestación cultural. Lo que en última instancia da cuenta de la pluralidad constitutiva de la cultura y la sociedad japonesa.
La hipótesis que sostiene esta investigación es que el karate okinawense constituye una manifestación intercultural que ha cultivado un uso complejo de la adaptación y la resignificación de múltiples practicas e imaginarios resultantes de la relación entre Okinawa y Japón, especialmente en el contexto de la modernidad y de manera acelerada en el actual escenario de la globalización. Es justamente esta plasticidad la que integra el karate en mecanismos sociohistóricos y culturales de largo alcance, cuyo estudio permite una mejor comprensión del fenómeno de la interculturalidad de Asia oriental.
Una observación atenta de la condición del karate demuestra que la circulación global de imágenes culturales japonesas está sujeta a procesos de reconfiguración política y económica que se nutren de la dialéctica entre las subculturas y los núcleos de las culturas legítimas, en función de las necesidades domésticas y las demandas transnacionales.<br>Karate is one of the most famous martial arts in the world, and one of the main cultural icons incorporated from Japan into the global culture. In historical terms, the international boom of karate, which began in the 1960s, precedes the global interest in other manifestations of Japanese popular culture like sushi, anime, manga or J-pop. Similarly, the symbolic power of karate is expressed not only through martial and/or sporting practices, but also by a large range of consumer products such as films, magazines, books, video games or toys, among many other goods widely disseminated on a global scale. In spite of its image of tradition, broadly spread as an emblem of the Japanese essence and its cultural practices, karate has been, and continues to be, the protagonist of a complex historical process of re-signification of its forms and references in accordance with the context and conditions of the momentum. Especially during the 20th century, political, economic and cultural factors have shaped the narratives and discursive practices that have been associated by concatenation with karate, recreating, nuancing or denying previous readings about its manifestation as a cultural expression. Analyzed as a whole, the reproduction and dissemination of these karate representational discourses comprise a remarkably heterogeneous miscellany which, in contrast to widespread reductionist interpretations, shows the enormous internal diversity, past and present, of its cultural manifestation. This ultimately accounts for the constitutive plurality of Japanese culture and society.
The hypothesis that sustains this investigation is that Okinawan karate constitutes an intercultural manifestation that has cultivated a complex use of the adaptation and resignification of multiple practices and imaginaries resulting from the relationship between Okinawa and Japan, especially in the context of modernity and in an accelerated manner at the current scenario of globalization. Precisely this plasticity integrates karate into wide-ranging sociohistorical and cultural mechanisms, which study allows a better understanding of the East Asian interculturality phenomenon.
A careful observation of karate's condition shows how the global circulation of Japanese cultural images is subject to processes of political and economic reconfiguration that are nourished by the dialectic between subcultures and the nuclei of legitimate cultures, according to domestic needs and transnational demands.
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Horikawa, Naoko. "New lives in the ancestral homeland : return migration from South America to mainland Japan and Okinawa." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5594.
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This work presents a study of identity formation in migrants of Japanese and Okinawan descent who relocate from countries of South America to mainland Japan and to the island prefecture of Okinawa, initially to seek economic advantage. The migrants, called Nikkeijin, are predominantly progeny of earlier migrants from Japan to South America. In a cross-generational sense, they are return migrants. The ethnographic study, based on field research conducted in two sites on the mainland and in Okinawa, compares Nikkeijin experience and attitudes as they interact with native Japanese. Because of their Japanese background, Nikkeijin benefit from privileged visa status; nonetheless, in Japan they are treated as foreigners, and their identity diversifies. Nikkeijin are found to construct simultaneous social fields in both the country of departure and the new environment. This situation may be recognized through the concept of transnationalism. I argue that Nikkeijin self-identity can be multiple and flexible, and does not necessarily coincide with social identity. An increasing and officially promoted diasporic consciousness among migrants of Okinawan descent would seem to produce a different ethnic response to any on the mainland and a greater potential for integration. My thesis should contribute to the understanding of identity in Nikkeijin return migration.