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Quinn, M. M., P. K. Markkanen, C. J. Galligan, S. R. Sama, J. E. Lindberg, and M. F. Edwards. "Healthy Aging Requires a Healthy Home Care Workforce: the Occupational Safety and Health of Home Care Aides." Current Environmental Health Reports 8, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00315-7.
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Abstract Purpose of Review To identify important home care (HC) aide occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards and examine how addressing these can improve aide health and the delivery of HC services overall. Specifically, this review seeks to answer: Why is HC aide OSH important? What are the most significant OSH challenges? How can improving HC aide OSH also improve the safety and health of their clients? What implications do the findings have for future research? Recent Findings HC is one of the fastest growing US industries. Aides comprise its largest workforce and are increasingly needed to care for the rapidly aging population. There is an aide shortage due in part to instabilities in HC work organization and to serious job-specific hazards, resulting in aides losing work time. Recent social, economic, and technological factors are rapidly changing the nature of HC work, creating OSH hazards similar to those found in nursing homes. At the same time, aides are experiencing social and economic inequities that increase their vulnerability to OSH hazards. These hazards are also a burden on employers who are challenged to recruit, retain, and train aides. OSH injuries and illness interrupt the continuity of care delivery to clients. Many OSH hazards also put HC clients and families at risk. Summary A new framework and methodologies are needed to assess aide and client safety together in order to guide future HC research, policies, and practices. Government, industry, and labor commitment is needed to fund and coordinate a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research program.
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Marshall, Kerry. "Multiskilling — Re-Engineering Work Process." Healthcare Management Forum 8, no. 2 (July 1995): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60907-6.
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Many North American companies have recognized the need to re-engineer their core processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in cost, service and efficiency. In fact, it is estimated that U.S. companies alone will spend millions on business re-engineering projects this year. But change experts say that most re-engineering is in name only, cautiously tackling only one process or department at a time. Even fewer hospitals have attempted this magnitude of change. Toronto's Sunnybrook Health Science Centre is the first institution of its size in Canada to embark on a multifaceted re-engineering strategy toward a model of patient focused care. The following is an overview of Sunnybrook's experience with the first of these strategies: multiskilling service workers. The concept of multiskilling provides for a focus on redesigning job classifications to broaden the scope of responsibility. For Sunnybrook, this entailed the amalgamation of six service positions — unit aide, health care aide, dietary aide, orderly, porter, housekeeper and attendant into one service assistant position.
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BROWN, LAUREN. "Hurricane—No Power—No Water—A Tree on the Roof! A Day in the Life of One Creative Hospice Aide." Home Healthcare Nurse 30, no. 7 (2012): E1—E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0b013e31825b11d5.
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Karlsson, Nicole D., Pia K. Markkanen, David Kriebel, Rebecca J. Gore, Catherine J. Galligan, Susan R. Sama, and Margaret M. Quinn. "Home care aides’ experiences of verbal abuse: a survey of characteristics and risk factors." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 7 (June 11, 2019): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105604.
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ObjectiveViolence from care recipients and family members, including both verbal and physical abuse, is a serious occupational hazard for healthcare and social assistance workers. Most workplace violence studies in this sector focus on hospitals and other institutional settings. This study examined verbal abuse in a large home care (HC) aide population and evaluated risk factors.MethodsWe used questionnaire survey data collected as part of a larger mixed methods study of a range of working conditions among HC aides. This paper focuses on survey responses of HC aides (n=954) who reported on verbal abuse from non-family clients and their family members. Risk factors were identified in univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsTwenty-two per cent (n=206) of aides reported at least one incident of verbal abuse in the 12 months before the survey. Three factors were found to be important in multivariable models: clients with dementia (relative risk (RR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.78), homes with too little space for the aide to work (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.97) and predictable work hours (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.94); two additional factors were associated with verbal abuse, although not as strongly: having clients with limited mobility (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.93) and an unclear plan for care delivery (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.69). Aides reporting verbal abuse were 11 times as likely to also report physical abuse (RR 11.53; 95% CI 6.84 to 19.45).ConclusionsVerbal abuse is common among HC aides. These findings suggest specific changes in work organisation and training that may help reduce verbal abuse.
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Campbell, Brian, James Yaggie, and Daniel Cipriani. "Temporal Influences of Functional Knee Bracing on Torque Production of the Lower Extremity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 3 (August 2006): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.215.
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Context:Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee.Objective:To determine if alterations in select lower extremity moments persist throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals.Design:2X5 repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics Laboratory.Subjects:Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups.Intervention:A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments.Main Outcome Measures:Synchronized three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected at 20-minute increments to assess the effect of the FKB on select lower extremity moments and vertical ground reaction forces.Results:Increase in hip moment and a decrease in knee moment were noted immediately after brace application and appeared to persist throughout a one hour bout of exercise.Conclusions:The FKB and the exercise intervention caused decreases in knee joint moments and increases in hip joint moments.
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Compton, Rebekah M., Kimberly S. Bednar, Peggie E. Donowitz, and M. Norman Oliver. "Management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Grand-Aides Program." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n3p1.
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Objective: To evaluate the Grand-Aides Program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) according to the variables of body weight, blood pressure, medication adherence, and hospital consultation and readmissions.Methods: Patients ages 18 years or older with a past medical history of T2DM, hypertension (HTN), and/or obesity and who were recently seen in the emergency department (ED) or recently admitted to the hospital were eligible to enroll in the Grand-Aides Program. Eligible patients were identified after hospital or ED discharge and were asked to enroll in the in-home based program from March 2016 through June 2018. In-home visit protocol was defined prior to patient enrollment with intense in-home visits during the first weeks of enrollment followed by monthly visits for the duration of enrollment in the program. In-home visit frequency was adjusted on as needed basis so that patients at higher risk for ED visits or hospitalization were seen more frequently. In-home visits were performed by trained Grand-Aide who for the purpose of this study was a certified nursing assistant (CNA). The Grand-Aide underwent eighty hours of didactic training which included visit protocols, visit schedules, and data collection. The one-on-one in-home patient with every visit were supervised by a registered nurse (RN) or nurse practitioner (NP) via video or telephone contact near the conclusion of the visit. Active patients at the University of Virginia Family Medicine clinic were eligible for enrollment. Fifty-seven patients with T2DM worked with Grand-Aides for three months and an additional forty-eight T2DM patients worked with Grand-Aides for twelve months. Emergency department visits, all 30-day hospital readmissions, as well as blood pressure readings, medication adherence, weights, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared with the prior twelve months.Results: Systolic (p < .001) and diastolic (p < .01) blood pressures decreased (p < .01) at 1 year. At baseline 56 percent of the patients had a systolic blood pressure of >130 mmHg despite treatment; after 12 months, 48 percent of these were < 130. In those whose baseline diastolic blood pressure was > 90 mmHg, 100 percent had diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg at 1 year. Medication adherence by ARMS test at 1 year was 94 percent. Despite trending downward, weight and HbA1c did not change significantly. In the preceding, 58 percent had at least one ED visit, which was reduced by 50 percent (p < .01) with Grand-Aides; 30-day all-cause readmissions reduced by 50 percent to 6.3 percent. Conclusions: The Grand-Aides program was associated with a significant change in blood pressure control, high medication adherence and reductions in ED visits and readmissions that compare favorably with published comparative data. For systems “at risk” for preventable increased health care expense burden, the Grand-Aides program can result in significant savings.
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Scheurer, Simon, Janina Koch, Martin Kucera, Hȧkon Bryn, Marcel Bärtschi, Tobias Meerstetter, Tobias Nef, and Prabitha Urwyler. "Optimization and Technical Validation of the AIDE-MOI Fall Detection Algorithm in a Real-Life Setting with Older Adults." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061357.
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Falls are the primary contributors of accidents in elderly people. An important factor of fall severity is the amount of time that people lie on the ground. To minimize consequences through a short reaction time, the motion sensor “AIDE-MOI” was developed. “AIDE-MOI” senses acceleration data and analyzes if an event is a fall. The threshold-based fall detection algorithm was developed using motion data of young subjects collected in a lab setup. The aim of this study was to improve and validate the existing fall detection algorithm. In the two-phase study, twenty subjects (age 86.25 ± 6.66 years) with a high risk of fall (Morse > 65 points) were recruited to record motion data in real-time using the AIDE-MOI sensor. The data collected in the first phase (59 days) was used to optimize the existing algorithm. The optimized second-generation algorithm was evaluated in a second phase (66 days). The data collected in the two phases, which recorded 31 real falls, was split-up into one-minute chunks for labelling as “fall” or “non-fall”. The sensitivity and specificity of the threshold-based algorithm improved significantly from 27.3% to 80.0% and 99.9957% (0.43) to 99.9978% (0.17 false alarms per week and subject), respectively.
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Cuttance, Glen, Kathryn Dansie, and Tim Rayner. "Paramedic Application of a Triage Sieve: A Paper-Based Exercise." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001163.
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AbstractIntroductionTriage is the systematic prioritization of casualties when there is an imbalance between the needs of these casualties and resource availability. The triage sieve is a recognized process for prioritizing casualties for treatment during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs). While the application of a triage sieve generally is well-accepted, the measurement of its accuracy has been somewhat limited. Obtaining reliable measures for triage sieve accuracy rates is viewed as a necessity for future development in this area.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate how theoretical knowledge acquisition and the practical application of an aide-memoir impacted triage sieve accuracy rates.MethodTwo hundred and ninety-two paramedics were allocated randomly to one of four separate sub-groups, a non-intervention control group, and three intervention groups, which involved them receiving either an educational review session and/or an aide-memoir. Participants were asked to triage sieve 20 casualties using a previously trialed questionnaire.ResultsThe study showed the non-intervention control group had a correct accuracy rate of 47%, a similar proportion of casualties found to be under-triaged (37%), but a significantly lower number of casualties were over-triaged (16%). The provision of either an educational review or aide-memoir significantly increased the correct triage sieve accuracy rate to 77% and 90%, respectively. Participants who received both the educational review and aide-memoir had an overall accuracy rate of 89%. Over-triaged rates were found not to differ significantly across any of the study groups.ConclusionThis study supports the use of an aide-memoir for maximizing MCI triage accuracy rates. A “just-in-time” educational refresher provided comparable benefits, however its practical application to the MCI setting has significant operational limitations. In addition, this study provides some guidance on triage sieve accuracy rate measures that can be applied to define acceptable performance of a triage sieve during a MCI.CuttanceG, DansieK, RaynerT. Paramedic application of a triage sieve: a paper-based exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):3–13.
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O’Carroll, T., K. Glynn, D. Lyons, and K. Looney. "Aide memoire: What should a memory clinic or a memory assessment service look like?" Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, no. 2 (November 24, 2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2016.36.
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With the global ageing of our societies and the predicted increase of cognitive impairment and dementia, there is increasing interest in the role and scope of memory clinics or memory assessment services in the early assessment, diagnosis and management of all subtypes of dementia. Memory clinics generally attempt to provide a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of memory impairment and dementia. However, little consensus exists about the profile or complement of staff that would constitute an ideal memory clinic, and services vary widely in terms of their organisation, remit and functioning. The purpose of this article is to highlight the variation amongst the existing complement of memory clinics in Ireland. The 17 models are compared in terms of their core multidisciplinary service and services available on referral. The Irish National Dementia Strategy recommends a well-coordinated service that provides early diagnosis and treatment, and one with good links to local support agencies. However, many of the services in Ireland lack input from relevant allied health professionals. This article also focusses on one privately funded memory clinic in Ireland which aims to bridge the gap between accurate diagnosis, holistic assessment and follow-up through comprehensive multidisciplinary input. The challenges facing this service are discussed, with particular reference to the difficulties encountered when providing community follow-up by a private sector clinic.
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Ramsay, Neil, Gianluca Maresca, Vicki Tully, and Kevin Campbell. "Does a multidisciplinary approach have a beneficial effect on the development of a structured patient handover process between acute surgical wards in one of Scotland’s largest teaching hospitals?" BMJ Open Quality 7, no. 3 (July 2018): e000154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000154.
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BackgroundEffective handover is key in preventing harm. 1 In the Acute Surgical Receiving Unit of Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, large numbers of patients are transferred daily. However, lack of medical handover during transfer means important tasks are missed. Our aim was to understand and reflect on the current system and test changes to improve medical handover.AimOur aim was to ensure that 95% of patients being transferred from the Acute Surgical Receiving Unit receive a basic medical handover within 2 months.MethodsInitially, we collated issues that were missed when patients were transferred. These data coupled with questionnaire data from members of the team fed into the creation of a handover tool. We proposed to link our tool with the nursing handover, hence creating one unified handover tool. We completed six full Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles (two on communication to aide handover and four on the tool itself) to assess and develop our tool.ResultsBy our final PDSA cycle, 84% (33/39) of the patients had a handover, meaning no tasks were missed during transfer. After 4 months, 9 out of 10 staff felt that the introduction of the handover sheet made the handover process smoother and 8 out of 10 felt that the handover sheet improved patient safety and quality of care.ConclusionsImproving handover can be challenging. However, we have shown that a relatively simple intervention can help promote better practice. Challenges are still present as uptake was only 84%, so work still has to be done to improve this. A wider cultural change involving communication and education would be required to implement this tool more widely.
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Wu, Heng, Christopher Kelly, and Lyn Holley. "Age Matters: Building Blocks Needed to Inform Nurse Staffing Hours Requirements in Residential Care for Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.288.
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Abstract This study addresses the need for more complete information about the impact of nurse staffing hours (NSH) on nursing home quality of care. We used national data to examine the relationship between three types (Registered Nurse, Licensed Practical Nurse, and Nurse Aide) of hours, and long-stay quality of care measures over time, taking into account the possible confounding influence of regional differences. Data analyzed were from U.S. Nursing Home Compare datasets which reflect quarterly reports, July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019 (14,768 facilities). The hours for each staff type in each facility were compared with the facility’s four-quarter quality average scores for each of the 12 measures. Results showed only one strong and statistically significant relationship (Beta= .548; p< .001) between Nurse Aide hours and the quality measure used in data sets to exemplify facilities that serve “lower-risk” residents. Analyzes using multiple R (.517) indicate that the linear combination of the three NSH types strongly and significantly (p< .001) predicted the four-quarter average scores and explained 27% of the variance in the scores. Holding the other two NSH types constant, the scores for that measure increased by 63 for each additional increase in the Nurse Aide nurse staffing hours per resident per day. There was no multicollinearity among the three types of staffing hours. This research adds information to the foundation needed for future research about process indicators to assess their efficacy as measures of actual quality of care, and will be submitted as a Technical Note to journals.
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James, Christopher M. "Mapping as Orientation, Support, and Aide-mémoire in Short-term Travel Courses." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 12, no. 1 (March 2018): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2018.0208.
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This essay addresses drawbacks to short-term study abroad courses offered at small liberal-arts colleges, as well as difficulties students encounter in such courses. These difficulties arise due to the extremely full itineraries that the course structure may seek to provide, which can become overly burdensome to students in terms of what they are able to process fully, and what they retain during the course and after the course is over. One avenue of possible amelioration of this difficulty, while not challenging the opportunity to expose students to a wide range of sites and course-topical material, is a reliance on mapping. In terms of pre-travel, the map serves as orientation, a setting of expectations for what will be seen. During the course, while onsite, students are able to use the supplemental materials offered on the interactive map better to understand their surroundings. After the course, revisiting the map, along with their course notes, photos, and journals, provides an essential aide-mémoire. Choosing potential sites for extensive mapping based on those sites students are least familiar with is a way, then, to maximize the map's impact on learning outcomes.
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Garcia-Vega, Laura, Erin M. O’Shaughnessy, Ahmad Albuloushi, and Patricia E. Martin. "Connexins and the Epithelial Tissue Barrier: A Focus on Connexin 26." Biology 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010059.
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Epithelial tissue responds rapidly to environmental triggers and is constantly renewed. This tissue is also highly accessible for therapeutic targeting. This review highlights the role of connexin mediated communication in avascular epithelial tissue. These proteins form communication conduits with the extracellular space (hemichannels) and between neighboring cells (gap junctions). Regulated exchange of small metabolites less than 1kDa aide the co-ordination of cellular activities and in spatial communication compartments segregating tissue networks. Dysregulation of connexin expression and function has profound impact on physiological processes in epithelial tissue including wound healing. Connexin 26, one of the smallest connexins, is expressed in diverse epithelial tissue and mutations in this protein are associated with hearing loss, skin and eye conditions of differing severity. The functional consequences of dysregulated connexin activity is discussed and the development of connexin targeted therapeutic strategies highlighted.
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Vassar, Matt, Denna L. Wheeler, Machelle Davison, and Johnathan Franklin. "Program Evaluation in Medical Education: An Overview of the Utilization-focused Approach." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 7 (June 15, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2010.7.1.
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Medical school administrators, educators, and other key personnel must often make difficult choices regarding the creation, retention, modification, or termination of the various programs that take place at their institutions. Program evaluation is a data-driven strategy to aide decision-makers in determining the most appropriate outcome for programs within their purview. The purpose of this brief article is to describe one program evaluation model, the utilization-focused approach. In particular, we address the focus of this model, the personal factor, the role of the evaluator, and the evaluation process. Based on the flexibility of this model as well as its focus on stakeholder involvement, we encourage readers to consider the utilization-focused approach when evaluating programs.
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Smith, Janette, Jeries Paolo Zawaideh, Hilal Sahin, Susan Freeman, Helen Bolton, and Helen Clare Addley. "Differentiating uterine sarcoma from leiomyoma: BET1T2ER Check!" British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1125 (September 1, 2021): 20201332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20201332.
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Although rare, uterine sarcoma is a diagnosis that no one wants to miss. Often benign leiomyomas (fibroids) and uterine sarcomas can be differentiated due to the typical low T2 signal intensity contents and well-defined appearances of benign leiomyomas compared to the suspicious appearances of sarcomas presenting as large uterine masses with irregular outlines and intermediate T2 signal intensity together with possible features of secondary spread. The problem is when these benign lesions are atypical causing suspicious imaging features. This article provides a review of the current literature on imaging features of atypical fibroids and uterine sarcomas with an aide-memoire BET1T2ER Check! to help identify key features more suggestive of a uterine sarcoma.
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Porche, Demetrius James. "One world. One hope. XI International Conference on AIDS." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 7, no. 5 (September 1996): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-3290(96)80053-7.
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Skeeter, Walker, and Jason Senkbeil. "Mid-Tropospheric Flow Characteristics of Intense Precipitation Events in the Southeastern USA." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070102.
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This study evaluated 500mb and 850mb flow patterns as well as surface pressure and 72-hour precipitation characteristics of large areal scale intense precipitation events in the Southeastern United States from 1950-2016. This was attempted using a combination of statistical methods utilizing PCA and cluster analysis as well as a manual classification scheme based on synoptic-scale storm type and formation location. All large-scale events were able to fit within one of five manual classifications: tropical events, frontal events, and three mid-latitude cyclone types: those that formed over the Southeast/Gulf of Mexico, the southern plains, and the Midwest/northern plains. This research builds upon GIS methods of classifying flow characteristics utilizing reanalysis data and has the potential to aide forecasters in identifying setups conducive to large-scale intense precipitation events.
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Phillips, Deborah G., and Cam Metcalf. "P2 one-on-one." P2: Pollution Prevention Review 6, no. 4 (1996): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6815(199623)6:4<49::aid-ppr6>3.0.co;2-8.
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Reid, J. Leighton, Karisa N. Katsuki, and Karen D. Holl. "Do birds bias measurements of seed rain?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000247.
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Accurate measurements of seed rain are important for understanding tree reproduction (Greene & Johnson 1994), forest regeneration (Cole et al. 2010, Cubiña & Aide 2001, Howe et al. 2010, Zahawi & Augspurger 2006), forest ecology (Muller-Landau et al. 2008, Terborgh et al. 2011) and maintenance of community diversity (Harms et al. 2000). Seed traps generally consist of a bucket or net of a fixed area suspended 0.3–1 m above the ground, and seeds are typically collected once or twice per month. An implicit assumption of all seed-rain studies is that traps do not influence seed dispersal. Should birds perch on and defecate seeds into seed traps, seed abundance will be overestimated. This behaviour could produce a directional bias if birds perch on seed traps in one habitat more than others. To our knowledge, no study has considered this potential bias.
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Zhang, Wei, Bao Chun Lu, Guo Fan, and Ma Chong. "Lightweight Design Optimization of Large-Tonnage Hydraulic Press Body Structure." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.406.
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In the manufacturing of large-tonnage forging equipment, heavy and redundant of the body structure components always result in increased manufacturing costs, high energy consumption and performance degradation. Therefore, the lightweight design of machine body becomes one of the important goals in green design of modern forging equipment. Firstly, based on the static and dynamic FEA of YQK-1250 frame hydraulic press body structure, the rational shape optimization results were analyzed through ANSYS Workbench. The thicknesses of the six related ribs were determined as the lightweight targets. Then, a preliminary lightweight optimization is carried out with orthogonal experimental design which provided approximate ranges for the further APDL analysis. Finally the improved lightweight design is optimized by the aide of APDL efficiently. It is validated that the mass is reduced by 4.52% with less influents on the overall performance.
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Bertuzzi, Margherita, Norman van Rhijn, Sven Krappmann, Paul Bowyer, Michael J. Bromley, and Elaine M. Bignell. "On the lineage of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in common laboratory use." Medical Mycology 59, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaa075.
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Abstract The origin of isolates routinely used by the community of Aspergillus fumigatus researchers is periodically a matter of intense discussion at our centre, as the construction of recombinant isolates have sometimes followed convoluted routes, the documentation describing their lineages is fragmented, and the nomenclature is confusing. As an aide memoir, not least for our own benefit, we submit the following account and tabulated list of strains (Table 1) in an effort to collate all of the relevant information in a single, easily accessible document. To maximise the accuracy of this record we have consulted widely amongst the community of Medical Mycologists using these strains. All the strains described are currently available from one of these organisations, namely the Fungal Genetics Stock Centre (FGSC), FungiDB, Ensembl Fungi and The National Collection of Pathogenic Fungi (NCPF) at Public Health England. Display items from this manuscript are also featured on FungiDB. Lay abstract We present a concise overview on the definition, origin and unique genetic makeup of the Aspergillus fumigatus isolates routinely in use by the fungal research community, to aid researchers to describe past and new strains and the experimental differences observed more accurately.
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EISLER, M. C., J. W. MAGONA, N. N. JONSSON, and C. W. REVIE. "A low cost decision support tool for the diagnosis of endemic bovine infectious diseases in the mixed crop–livestock production system of sub-Saharan Africa." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 1 (June 2, 2006): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006571.
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Diagnosis and treatment of endemic infectious disease is crucial for productivity of cattle in rural sub-Saharan Africa, but shortages of trained veterinary professionals necessitate support for less well-trained cadres of animal health worker. A Delphi survey of veterinary experts provided quantitative information on key clinical signs associated with eight endemic bovine diseases, then heuristics and dendrogram analysis identified a reduced sign set to be incorporated in a diagnostic decision support tool implemented as a simple colour-banded card. One hundred and seventy disease-sign questionnaire returns were obtained from 32 veterinary research scientists and 14 veterinary practitioners. Preliminary validation of the decision support tool for 16 prototypical cases resulted in ‘correct’ diagnosis over 90% of the time. The card potentially serves as a training aid and aide-mémoire, and could improve the diagnostic competence of animal healthcare providers.
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Lor, Maichou, Tolu Oyesanya, Chen X. Chen, Catherine Cherwin, and Chooza Moon. "Postdoctoral Opportunities for Nursing PhD Graduates: A Resource Guide." Western Journal of Nursing Research 41, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945918775691.
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Before completing a nursing PhD program, doctoral students are encouraged to seek out and apply for a position in one of many, often highly competitive postdoctoral programs. These programs include the more traditional National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded experiences, such as the T32, as well as the nontraditional institution funded positions, including the associate faculty role. Graduates often need guidance on which postdoctoral programs are available, the resources each program offers to promote development of the applicant’s program of research, the disadvantages of each program, and what each program uses as benchmarks for success. This article summarizes both traditional and nontraditional postdoctoral positions including the T32, F32, F99/K00, T90/R90, research supplements, associate faculty, research associate, and hospital-affiliated postdoctoral positions. This article updates previous papers describing postdoctoral opportunities and offers a starting place to aide PhD students planning their postgraduate activities in seeking and evaluating these positions.
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Mcfee, Daniel. "Prophets, policy-makers and advocates: The World Council of Churches and institutional environmental ethics, 1991-2006." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 38, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00084298090380030301.
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The World Council of Churches (WCC) addresses environmental issues in three modes in its institutional work as a religious non-governmental organization: in the prophetic mode, in the public policy expert mode and in the mode of an advocate. If one is to understand the WCC’s commitment to environmental issues, this three-tiered hermeneutic is necessary so that its complex institutional aims are represented accurately. Moreover, this hermeneutic also aids in sketching the WCC’s larger ethical commitments as a Christian body and as a consultative religious non-governmental organization within the United Nations. This paper affords a more complete vision than many scholars have offered in terms of how religious NGOs approach extraordinarily complex ethical issues in the world today. Le Conseil oecuménique des Églises (COE) s’adresse aux questions environnementales en trois modes dans son travail institutionnel comme organisation non-gouvernementale religieuse : le mode prophétique, le mode d’expert en affaires publiques, et le mode d’un avocat. Si on veut comprendre l’engagement du COE aux problèmes environnementaux, cet herméneutique à trois gradins est necessaire pour que ses objectifs institutionnels complexes soient representés fidèlement. D’ailleurs, cet herméneutique aide aussi à esquisser les engagements moraux plus grands du COE comme organisme chrétien et comme organisation non-gouvernementale religieuse au sein de l’Organisation des nations unies. La communication présente permet une vision plus complète que celles offertes par plusieurs savants en ce qui concerne la manière dans laquelle les ONG religieuses abordent des questions morales extrêmement complexes du monde d’aujourd’hui.
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Dizon, Don S., Mina S. Sedrak, Mark A. Lewis, Elise Cook, Michael J. Fisch, Jennifer R. Klemp, Jonathan Sommers, et al. "Incorporating Digital Tools to Improve Clinical Trial Infrastructure: A White Paper From the Digital Engagement Committee of SWOG." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 2 (December 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00122.
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Progress toward improvement in cancer therapy relies on clinical trials. Yet, only a minority of eligible patients with cancer enroll as a result of multiple barriers at the patient, investigator, center, and national level. However, the rise of the Internet and mobile technology has created a slew of tools with medical applications, from Web sites to apps to social media platforms, all of which may aide clinicians in our quest to improve the clinical research enterprise. SWOG is one of five members in the National Cancer Institute’s National Clinical Trials Network—the nation’s oldest and largest publicly funded cancer research network—and is taking a leadership role in exploring and testing the promise of digital engagement through the empaneling of the Digital Engagement Committee. This article outlines the mission, principles, and priorities of the Digital Engagement Committee and proposes how this work may inform the use of digital tools for the cancer research community and, hopefully, translate to improved outcomes for our patients.
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Rid, Saeed Ahmed. "The Musharraf Formula (Back channel Formula) and the Resolution of the Kashmir Conflict." Grassroots 55, No 1 (April 7, 2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52806/grassroots.v55i1.3761.
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The Musharraf formula refers to the resolution formula of the Kashmir conflict which was reportedly agreed upon during the one-to-one backchannel dialogue between Mr. Tariq Aziz, the former civil servant and close aide of the then President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf and Mr.Satinder Lambah, a special envoy of the Prime Minister of India. We now know some of the details of this formula from the article of the American journalist, Steve Coll which he had published in New Yorker inMarch 2009 and the book of Mr.Khursheed Mahmud Kasuri, ‘Neither a Hawk nor a Dove’which was published in 2015. Prior to this Mr.Musharraf and Mr.Kasuri had already claimed in their TV interviews and press talks that by March 2007 India and Pakistan were very close to resolving the Kashmir conflict. This paper takes the details of that non-paper agreement and tries to study what exactly that agreement holds for the future resolution of the Kashmir conflict. The basic understanding is whenever the Pakistani and the Indian governments will take up the negotiations on the Kashmir conflict in future, this agreement is bound to come up in the talks as a starting reference point. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully look at this agreement and discuss what it entails for the resolution of the Kashmir conflict.
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ZHANG, CHANGYONG, TIM NEDWED, AMY TIDWELL, NICHOLAS URBANSKI, DAVID COOPER, IAN BUIST, and RANDY BELORE. "ONE-STEP OFFSHORE OIL SKIM AND BURN SYSTEM FOR USE WITH VESSELS OF OPPORTUNITY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1834.
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ABSTRACT Vessels of opportunity (VoOs), such as fish and shrimp boats, can be employed to aide offshore oil spill response operations. During the 2010 Macondo response, VoOs were utilized to collect surface slicks in booms, however, VoOs were not equipped to skim and recover the collected oil. Because of this, dedicated skimming vessels were directed to VoOs to skim and store the oil. This process is not very efficient as VoOs can often remain idle for long periods while waiting for dedicated skimming vessels to arrive and process the collected oil. The research presented here aims to improve the effectiveness of VoO operations through development of a one-step skim and burn system. The system under development is based on the combined use of oleophilic skimmers, which can recover oil and water mixtures capable of direct combustion. Our concept would be for a VoO to collect oil in the booms, skim the oil from the booms using an oleophilic skimmer, and then pump the recovered mixture to a floating combustion system located downwind without the need for large volumes of interim storage or decanting. The three primary objectives for system development and design are to 1) improve combustion efficiency, thereby reducing environmental impacts; 2) achieve burn rates comparable to oil recovery rates of the oleophilic skimmers utilized, enabling more efficient oil spill response operations and less down-time; and 3) design a relatively simple and robust system that will enable safe burn operations. Experimental results from initial testing of small and medium scale burning systems will be presented. Direct combustion of skimmed oil was successfully demonstrated. Further, burns were completed with decreased smoke generation and burn residue compared to in situ burning.
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Kansky, Bob. "One Point of View: The Calculator-based Curriculum: Deceased or Just in “Suspended Automation”?" Arithmetic Teacher 34, no. 6 (February 1987): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.34.6.0004.
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In 1980, after fourteen years of hearing me complain about the burden of teaching large classes in remedial mathematics, my department head assigned me a teaching aide. I was pleased to find that the aide had several year of experience in mathematics classrooms at all levels and was reputed to be patient, reliable, a ready source of ideas, and willing to help students at any hour on any day. A formal evaluation of my aide's performance confirmed that students not only learned all the standard fare of that remedial mathematics class but also were able to solve problems not addressed in other sections of the the course. My aide was, in fact, a handheld (nonprogrammable) calculator.
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Danilovich, Margaret, Laura Diaz, Lara Boyken, Amy Eisenstein, and Rebecca Johnson. "Improving the Relationship of Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Home Care Aides and Clients Through Health Interviewing." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819863915.
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Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) care plans should be person-centered, yet there is little research on how to ascertain this information in practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a home care aide (HCA)–led health interview with clients during usual HCBS. We provided interview training, and HCAs ( n = 21) conducted five interviews with one client each using a card sort methodology to elicit client care preferences. HCAs audio-recorded interviews and photographed card sorts for analysis. We used a mixed-methods approach of semistructured interviews and focus groups with clients and HCAs to evaluate the health interviewing experience and client surveys of Your Health Orientation, Willingness to Communicate, and PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) global health and HCA surveys of the Active Empathetic Listening Scale. We used t tests to investigate changes in survey outcomes pre and post interviews. Results show HCAs can conduct health interviews, and doing so contributes new knowledge on client preferences for care. Clients desire HCAs who provide empathy, compassion, and motivation, and HCAs felt interviewing clients helped them to better understand their care recipient’s needs.
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Gibson, Dianne, Louise Paatsch, and Dianne Toe. "An Analysis of the Role of Teachers’ Aides in a State Secondary School: Perceptions of Teaching Staff and Teachers’ Aides." Australasian Journal of Special Education 40, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2015.11.
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In Victoria, Australia, one of the major roles of the teachers’ aide (TA) is to assist students with disabilities to access their education. Researchers have identified the inconsistencies in defining the roles of the TA, in a variety of settings, by TAs, teachers, parents, and other research participants. Four main themes that have been frequently reported in educational research related to the role of TAs formed the basis for this study: (a) inclusion in the school community, (b) curriculum, (c) classroom management, and (d) student support.Drawing on the results of a questionnaire administered to teachers and TAs at a government nonselective secondary school in Victoria, Australia, data were collected to explore the differing perspectives on the role of the TAs by the teaching staff and the TAs. In all, 65 individuals participated in this study. The participants formed 3 groups: TAs (n = 10), teachers (n = 49), and T/TAs (n = 6; participants in this group had worked as both a teacher and TA). The results of the study showed a diversity of views across the 4 themes. In 3 of the 4 themes that included inclusion, classroom management, and student support, the 3 groups agreed on the role of the TA. In the remaining theme, curriculum, opinions varied significantly. The results of the study reveal that a concerted effort to clarify the role of TAs would be beneficial to all stakeholders.
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Burgdorf, Julia, Elizabeth Stuart, and Jennifer Wolff. "Effect of Family Caregiver Need for Training on Medicare Home Health Care." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.488.
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Abstract Medicare home health providers are required to offer family caregiver training; however, there is little information regarding the impact of family caregiver training on home health care intensity. A better understanding of this relationship is necessary to inform development and prioritization of caregiver training interventions in this setting. This research assesses whether and how family caregiver need for training affects care intensity during Medicare home health. We examine 1,217 (weighted n=5,870,905) fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) between 2011-2015 and received Medicare-funded home health care within one year of survey. Using propensity score adjusted, multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression, we model the relationship between family caregiver need for activity-specific training and the number/type of visits received during Medicare home health. We found that older adults whose family caregiver required training on self-care tasks had greater odds of receiving any therapy visits (aOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.86), aide visits (aOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.05), or training visits (aOR: 1.49; 95% CI:1.01, 2.21). Older adults whose family caregiver required training on medication management had greater odds of receiving any nursing visits (aOR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.06, 8.68) and incurred 1.06 (95% CI: 0.11, 2.01) additional nursing visits. Findings support the importance of connecting family caregivers to training resources. Additionally, findings suggest that home health providers should consider prioritizing training interventions which focus on caregiving activities most closely tied to resource utilization: self-care and medication management.
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Cousins, Matthew, Charles A. Gresham, Melissa B. Riley, and Ted Whitwell. "(216) Beach Sand Hydrophobicidity Induced as a Result of the Presence of Beach Vitex." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1033E—1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1033e.
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Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia Lf.) was introduced to coastal Carolina areas in the 1980s. Since its introduction, it has become a major invasive plant problem. Beach Vitex rapidly dominates the vegetation and eliminates many native plant species on primary and secondary coastal dunes. It grows rapidly and reproduces vegetatively by rooting at the nodes. Thousands of fruits, containing one to four seeds each, are produced annually and assist in the plant's spread. Beach sand in areas dominated by Beach Vitex was found to possess hydrophobic qualities, while sand collected from areas not populated by Beach Vitex readily allowed water infiltration. GC-MS analysis of hydrophobic sand extracts showed four peaks that were absent from extracts of non-hydrophobic sand. These peaks were also present in chromatograms of water extracts of Beach Vitex fruits and leaves. Comparison of GC-MS spectra with compounds previously identified in Beach Vitex indicated that one compound was a diterpene (likely ferruginol or abietatrien-3ß-ol). The second compound is likely a flavonoid (possibly casticin, artemetin, or vitexicarpin). Two additional compounds are present at low levels and are possibly phenylnaphthalene compounds. These four compounds appear to be synthesized and incorporated into surface tissues of Beach Vitex leaves and fruits and are transferred to sand during rain events and decomposition. Further studies of Beach Vitex plant parts and beach sands are being conducted to further elucidate the possibility that these chemicals are involved in the intriguing property of sand hydrophobicity. This property may aide Beach Vitex in its competition with plants possessing less expansive root systems.
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Selvam S, Dinesh. "Effectiveness of Community Based Nursing Intervention Strategies on Quality of Life among Alcoholics in Selected Rural Communities." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20210703.
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Introduction and Objectives: Alcohol consumption has been identified as a risk factor for many health, social and economic problems of communities. 62.5 million alcohol users estimated in India. WHO strategies for nursing education, research and practice emphasize on early diagnosis, medical/social problems, counseling and access to services and opportunities to achieve social integration, medical detoxification and long term identification and management of alcoholism and its related problems. In this study, the investigator focused on quality of life among alcoholics. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of community based nursing intervention strategies on quality of life among alcoholics. The study also aimed to associate the level of quality of life among alcoholics with their demographic variables. Pre-Experimental-One group pretest and posttest design was adopted. 473 clinically identified alcoholics fulfilling inclusive criteria were considered as samples. Community based nursing intervention strategies were provided for the participants. CAGE Questionnaire was used to identify clinically significant alcoholics. WHO QoL (Quality of Life) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life among alcoholics. The mean differences between pre-test and post-test overall QOL, was 23.93 with t-value 32.99. These scores were highly significant at p<0.001 level suggesting that the community based nursing interventions were effective in improving the QOL among alcoholics. The study recommended the utilization of the community based nursing intervention strategies for the Community Health Nurses to aide them in reducing the alcohol dependence and thereby improving the Quality of Life among alcoholics Keywords: quality of life, alcoholics, community based nursing intervention strategies.
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Kang, Sheng. "Research on Culture and Creative Product Design Based on Computer-Aided Innovation from One Belt One Road Perspective." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1744, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 032224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1744/3/032224.
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Gibbs, Tanya. "Seeking economic cyber security: a Middle Eastern example." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2019-0076.
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Purpose The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into an important global economic player has been accompanied by digitalization that has also left it at a risk to cybercrime. Concurrent with the rise in technology use, the UAE fast became one of the most targeted countries in the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the UAE has tried to cope with accelerating levels of cyber threat using legislative and regulatory efforts as well as public- and private-sector initiatives meant to raise cybersecurity awareness. Design/methodology/approach The paper surveys the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational initiatives from 2003 to 2019. Findings Because the human factor still remains the number one reason for security breaches, robust cyber laws alone are not enough to protect against cyber threats. Building public awareness and educating internet users about cyber risks and safety have become essential components of the UAE's efforts in building a more secure cyber environment for the country. Research limitations/implications The paper relies on English-language translations of primary sources (laws) originally in Arabic, as well as English-language studies from local media. This should not be considered a problem, as English is established as the language of business and commerce in the UAE. Practical implications The paper provides a detailed overview of the country’s cybersecurity environment to guide and aide practitioners with risk assessment and legal and regulatory compliance. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational environment. It also surveys government and private sector initiatives directed in protecting the country’s cyberspace.
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Lushin, Victor, Steven Marcus, Daphney Gaston, Rinad Beidas, Ashlee Lamson, Ilene Goy, Irina Godina, Joanne Rees, Rebecca Rivera, and David Mandell. "The role of staffing and classroom characteristics on preschool teachers’ use of one-to-one intervention with children with autism." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 6, 2020): 2035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320932726.
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For preschool children with autism, individual behavioral interventions are among the best-tested treatments. However, they are rarely implemented in special education preschools. We observed one-to-one behavioral interventions formally and informally delivered by staff ( N = 51) in 12 classrooms across three preschools for children with autism, aged 3–6 years, in a major US city. We estimated associations between the use of one-to-one intervention and classroom characteristics including staff-student ratio, professional role composition, and frequency of challenging child behaviors. A small number of classroom characteristics explained considerable portions of outcome variance: 23% for formally delivered one-to-one interventions and 41% for informally delivered interventions. The number of individually assigned personal care aides in the classroom was negatively correlated with less formal delivery of one-to-one intervention. Classroom challenging behavior was positively associated with formal delivery of one-to-one interventions. Interventionist’s professional roles and the number of children in the class accounted for the largest amounts of variance in informal intervention delivery. Staff training, clarifying professional roles, setting performance expectations for personal care aides and other classroom team members, and reducing class size may represent promising implementation targets. Findings suggest caution around task-shifting policies that transfer clinical functions from more highly trained to less highly trained staff. Lay abstract For preschool children with autism, individual (one-to-one) behavioral interventions are among the best-tested treatments. However, they are rarely used in special education preschools. We observed formally and informally delivered one-to-one behavioral interventions use by classroom staff ( n = 51) in 12 classrooms across three special education preschools for children with autism, aged 3–6 years, in a major US city. We estimated the associations between one-to-one intervention use and classroom characteristics including staff–student ratio, professional role composition, and frequency of challenging child behaviors. As a whole, the factors we examined were considerably important for both formally and informally delivered one-to-one interventions. The number of individually assigned personal care aides in the classroom was negatively associated with the use of formally delivered one-to-one intervention. Classroom challenging behavior was positively associated with use of formally delivered one-to-one interventions. Interventionist’s professional roles and the number of children in the class were most important for the use of informally delivered interventions. Staff training, clarifying professional roles, setting performance expectations for personal care aides and other classroom team members, and reducing class size may represent promising implementation targets. Findings suggest caution around task-shifting policies that transfer clinical functions from more highly trained to less highly trained staff.
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Guidry, Harlan Mark, and Richard M. Grimes. "On Becoming an AIDS Caregiver A Doctor's Diary, Part One." AIDS Patient Care 7, no. 2 (April 1993): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1993.7.60.
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Jeníček, V., and V. Krepl. "Development assistance ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 5 (February 17, 2012): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5018-agricecon.
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Development assistance achieved remarkable success in different periods. For example, Botswana and South Korea reached the great development in the 60s after very bad situation, Indonesia in the 70s, Bolivia and Ghana at the end of the 80s, Uganda and Vietnam in the 90s. In these countries development assistance played important role in economic transformation in formulation of the development of politics. The development assistance contributed educational programs and financially supported the development of public sector. The “Green Revolution” – by means of innovations in agriculture, investments and political changes – improved the live conditions of millions people thanks to the collaboration of many bilateral and multilateral donors. But there are some failures with the foreign aide. While the formed dictator of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko became one of the richest people in the world (and invested his property in abroad), the development assistance did not stop for many years, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) is only one example of the situation, where the permanent flows of assistance ignore or support the corruption and in suitable politics of governments. Tanzania received two milliards dollars for building the roads destiny the twenty years. But the roads were destroyed sooner, than the works could be finished because of insufficient maintenance. The study of World Bank brings the conclusions of the new conception of the development assistance: financial assistance works only in suitable political world; the lowering of poverty is possible only with working institutions – political and economic; effective assistance complete the private investments; receiving country is obliged to have public sector in function; the function of public sector is developing on the activity of civil society; patience and good ideas, not only money, can help to reforms in very unfavorable conditions.
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Waite, Jane Lisa, Paul Curzon, William Marsh, Sue Sentance, and Alex Hadwen-Bennett. "Abstraction in action: K-5 teachers' uses of levels of abstraction, particularly the design level, in teaching programming." International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v2i1.23.
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Research indicates that understanding levels of abstraction (LOA) and being able to move between the levels is essential to programming success. For K-5 contexts we rename the LOA levels: problem, design, code and running the code.  In our qualitative exploratory study, we interviewed five K-5 teachers on their uses of LOA, particularly the design level, in teaching programming and other subjects. Using PCK elements to analyse responses we found our teachers used design as an instructional strategy and for assessment. Our teachers used design as an aide memoire and the expert teachers used design: as a contract for pair-programming; to work out what they needed to teach; for learners to annotate with code snippets (to transition across LOA); for learners to self-assess and to assess ‘do-ability’. Teachers used planning in teaching writing to scaffold learning and promote self-regulation revealing their understanding of student understanding. One issue was of our teachers' knowledge of terms including algorithm and code; we propose a concept of ‘emergent algorithms’. Our findings suggest design helps learners learn to program in the same way that planning helps learners learn to write and that LOA, particularly the design level, may provide an accessible exemplar of abstraction in action. Further work is needed to verify whether our results are generalisable more widely.
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Sellami, R., N. Messedi, I. Feki, D. Trigui, A. Zahaf, and J. Masmoudi. "Epidemiological profile of drug users in Tunisia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1055.
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IntroductionChanging cultural values and increasing economic stress are leading to initiation into substance use. Despite religious and legal constraints on Muslims against the consumption of drugs, drug addiction is a widespread problem and is destroying the lives of many individuals and families, in Tunisia.ObjectivesTo examine the socio-demographic characteristics of Tunisian addicts and to identify the drugs commonly used.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, which included 200 patients at the addiction treatment center “Aide et Ecoute” in Sfax (Tunisia). The survey was conducted during the month of January to September 2014.ResultsOnly males were found to get treatment in the addiction center for various addictions. The mean age was 33.32 years and the mean age for starting substance use was 17.30 years. More than half (65.9%) were not married and 59.5% had involvement with criminal justice. Substance dependence was commonly seen in poor and middle socioeconomic class. The most common substance used was buprenorphine (34.8%). There was a significant relation between buprenorphine consumption and immigration (P= 0.013). Peer pressure was one of the most important factors for trial of substance in our study.ConclusionAs the mean age of initiation of substance abuse was early twenties, in liaison with schools and colleges, some recreational activities can be generated to prevent diversion of youth towards the devil of drug abuse.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Archdeacon, Dan, and C. Paul Bonnington. "Two maps on one surface." Journal of Graph Theory 36, no. 4 (2001): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0118(200104)36:4<198::aid-jgt1006>3.0.co;2-h.
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Hardeep. "Changing Yogic Practices and Their Uses: From Era to Era." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8728.
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Today, Every person know that Yoga is an most useful exercise for health purpose The impacts of yoga mediations on different parts of mental and physical wellbeing, by focusing on the proof portrayed in survey articles. Many researches are done to see impact of yoga on different part of body or different diseases. Every research show positive impact of yoga, so today everybody thinks that yoga is only for health person. This is an insult of the yoga which is given by ancient Indian scholars. If we go far ago we will found that yoga was not so common to all people. It was a hidden science that was only explained by special Gurus to their pupils, nobody can do practices at that time commonly as today. There are a few randomized clinical preliminaries (RCT's) of moderately top notch showing valuable impacts of yoga for torment related inability and emotional well-being. Yoga may well be successful as a strong aide to relieve some medicinal conditions, however not yet a demonstrated remain solitary, corrective treatment. All in all, these surveys recommend various territories where yoga may well be gainful, yet more research is required for practically every one of them to immovably build up such advantages. The heterogeneity among intercessions and conditions examined has hampered the utilization of meta- examination as a proper instrument for outlining the present writing. By and by, there are some meta-investigations which demonstrate advantageous impacts of yoga intercessions
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Gormley, Louise, and David Armani. "Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1641.
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With the noble aims of conflict resolution and peace building, Lawrence G.Potter and Gary G. Sick have compiled an excellent collection of essays on“the war without winners” (p. 2). This remarkable publication, Iran, Iraq,and the Legacies of War, adds to Potter and Sick’s series of co-edited bookson Middle Eastern issues, namely, The Persian Gulf at the Millennium:Essays in Politics, Economy, Security, and Religion (Palgrave Macmillan:1997) and Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles, and the Searchfor Consensus (Palgrave Macmillan: 2002). Potter and Sick are two prominentscholars of international affairs at Columbia University. During theCarter presidency, Sick served as the principal White House aide for Iran onthe National Security Council. (Sick is well-known for his exposé All FallDown: America’s Tragic Encounter with Iran [Random House: 1985]).This 224-page book was written in the cautiously hopeful belief thatthe time has come for reconciliation to begin. It contains nine chapters plusPotter and Sick’s helpful introduction, which contextualizes the futile warthat shook the world. The Iran-Iraq war was one of the longest and costliestconventional wars of the twentieth century. Although the number ofcasualties is still in dispute, an estimated 400,000 were killed and perhaps700,000 were wounded on both sides (p. 2). The Economist commentedthat “this was a war that should never have been fought … neither sidegained a thing, except the saving of its own regime. And neither regime wasworth the sacrifice” (p. 2) ...
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Stevenson, Garth. "The Politics of Remembrance in Irish and Quebec Nationalism." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 903–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904003518.
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Abstract. This article describes how the remembrance of historical events contributes to, and is shaped by, nationalism in Ireland and Quebec. Remembered historical events contribute to the growth of nationalism if they serve at least one of five purposes: defining the conceptual boundaries of the nation, reinforcing a sense of pride in the nation's achievements, evoking feelings of pity and indignation at the losses suffered by the nation, legitimizing the actions or principles of present-day leaders, or inspiring a belief that the nation will eventually triumph. Eight remembered events, four in Ireland and four in Quebec, are discussed in relation to these five purposes. The article concludes that historical remembrance has been a more powerful influence on nationalism in Ireland than in Quebec.Résumé. Cet article raconte comment le souvenir des évenements historiques contribue au renforcement du nationalisme en Irlande et au Québec. Le souvenir d'un évenement historique aura cet effet s'il aide … definir la communauté nationale,s'il stimule des sentiments de la pitié et de l'indignation envers la nation et ses tribulations, s'il légitime les actions et les idées des nationalistes actuels, ou s'il encourage l'esperance que la nation va triompher contre ses adversaires. L'article examine quatre evenements historiques, irlandais ou québécois, avec le but de déterminer s'ils contribuent … ces cinq objectifs. Selon sa conclusion, l'influence des souvenirs historiques a été plus puissante en Irlande q'au Québec, ce qui explique la plus grande intensité du nationalisme irlandais.
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Park, Jihyun, and Suhyun Kim. "A Comparison of Home Health Care Between Finland and South Korea in Long-Term Care Services." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.269.
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Abstract Population aging is one of the significant global issues. Long-term care is emphasized as “aging in place,” and it is known that home and community-based service is a cost-effective way to achieve this. Over ten years have passed since the introduction of long-term care insurance in Korea, and it is necessary to improve home health care in long-term care. The aim of this study was to identify the measures that must be undertaken for enhancing home health care in Korea by comparing it to the home health care in Finland. The data were collected via a literature review, expert interview, and field survey in Kuopio, Eastern Finland, from March 16 to 23, 2018. Based on the comparison between Korean and Finnish home health care, some issues related to home health care in Korea that need to be resolved were identified: the complex process involved in availing home health care, low utilization rate, higher cost than home health aide services in long-term care, and undifferentiated roles in home health care between registered nurses and nurse assistants. Several strategies could be utilized to enhance home health care in Korea, such as a simplified procedure to use home health care, clarification of roles between registered nurses and nurse assistants in home care, supervision of the integration of home care services by registered nurses, and an expansion of home health care into comprehensive assessment and nursing activities for chronic illness care and health promotion.
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Zeeshan, Mohammad, and Majid Jamil. "Planning and integration of zero energy buildings with consumption analysis for metro cities in India." International Journal of Computational Physics Series 1, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29167/a1i1p309-318.
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Due to the ever-increasing scale of metro cities in India and increasing consumer energy demands, proper planning and design are needed to overcome this ever-growing menace. However suitable procedure, architectural design, material selection and integration of renewables into the existing infrastructure can aid in reducing this extra burden. We will study the demographics, available area and the capital cost for top four metro cities in India in context of the development and feasibility of integrating a renewable architecture to the existing building setup. The municipal corporation data, as well as site data, will be used to aide the research. The research will assimilate the site plan taking into account various categories of high rise buildings present in these areas. A comparative analysis will also be done to compare the cost of conversion of a conventional structure in these cities to a zero energy one. Public survey and opinionated research will be used to declare the constraints to the extent. It will be studied whether a renewable energy setup for these buildings is viable for prospects and anticipation of the general public. The results will be compared together for the four cities and possible reasons for the difference in establishment of setup will be discussed. In the end, an energy analysis will be done which will calculate the net yearly saving of such type of building compared to the existing setup and a possibility of a microgrid installation on a building.
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Lavingia, Kedar S., Michael C. Soult, Jay N. Collins, Timothy J. Novosel, Leonard J. Weireter, and L. D. Britt. "Basic Ultrasound Training Can Replace Chest Radiography for Safe Tube Thoracostomy Removal." American Surgeon 80, no. 8 (August 2014): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000828.
Full textAbstract:
An ultrasound (US) examination can be easily and rapidly performed at the bedside to aide in clinical decisions. Previously we demonstrated that US was safe and as effective as a chest x-ray (CXR) for removal of tube thoracostomy (TT) when performed by experienced sonographers. This study sought to examine if US was as safe and accurate for the evaluation of pneumothorax (PTX) associated with TT removal after basic US training. Patients included had TT managed by the surgical team between October 2012 and May 2013. Bedside US was performed by a variety of members of the trauma team before and after removal. All residents received, at minimum, a 1-hour formal training class in the use of ultrasound. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. We evaluated 61 TTs in 61 patients during the study period. Exclusion of 12 tubes occurred secondary to having incomplete imaging, charting, or death before having TT removed. Of the 49 remaining TT, all were managed with US imaging. Average age of the patients was 40 years and 30 (61%) were male. TT was placed for PTX in 37 (76%), hemothorax in seven (14%), hemopneumothorax in four (8%), or a pleural effusion in one (2%). Two post pull PTXs were correctly identified by residents using US. This was confirmed on CXR with appropriate changes made. US was able to successfully predict the safe TT removal and patient discharge at all residency levels after receiving a basic US training program.
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Mputhia, Zoe, Eugene Hone, Timir Tripathi, Tim Sargeant, Ralph Martins, and Prashant Bharadwaj. "Autophagy Modulation as a Treatment of Amyloid Diseases." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 3372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183372.
Full textAbstract:
Amyloids are fibrous proteins aggregated into toxic forms that are implicated in several chronic disorders. More than 30 diseases show deposition of fibrous amyloid proteins associated with cell loss and degeneration in the affected tissues. Evidence demonstrates that amyloid diseases result from protein aggregation or impaired amyloid clearance, but the connection between amyloid accumulation and tissue degeneration is not clear. Common examples of amyloid diseases are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and tauopathies, which are the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as polyglutamine disorders and certain peripheral metabolic diseases. In these diseases, increased accumulation of toxic amyloid proteins is suspected to be one of the main causative factors in the disease pathogenesis. It is therefore important to more clearly understand how these toxic amyloid proteins accumulate as this will aide in the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is maintained by multiple cellular pathways—including protein synthesis, quality control, and clearance—which are collectively responsible for preventing protein misfolding or aggregation. Modulating protein degradation is a very complex but attractive treatment strategy used to remove amyloid and improve cell survival. This review will focus on autophagy, an important clearance pathway of amyloid proteins, and strategies for using it as a potential therapeutic target for amyloid diseases. The physiological role of autophagy in cells, pathways for its modulation, its connection with apoptosis, cell models and caveats in developing autophagy as a treatment and as a biomarker is discussed.
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Carter, M. S., and W. E. Carter. "Seth Carlo Chandler Jr.: The Discovery of Variation of Latitude." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 (2000): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110006125x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIt took Seth Carlo Chandler Jr. just one year to discover the 14 month and annual components of the variation of latitude (polar motion) that had eluded the most talented astronomers for more than a century. He succeeded where those before him had failed because: he used a global set of observations that had been painstakingly collected by astronomers of many nationalities over more than 150 years; he ignored the common wisdom that unexpected annual variations in astronomical observations were always caused by temperature effects on instruments or atmospheric refraction anomalies; and he was not misled by the theory, which predicted that the Eulerian wobble must have a period of approximately 10 months. Chandler was a true amateur only in the sense that he pursued astronomy out of love, while making his living as an actuary. He began his scientific training at the youthful age of 15 under the tutelage of Benjamin Pierce, perhaps the greatest American mathematician of that time. He then became: a private assistant to Benjamin Apthorp Gould, Jr., an aide to Gould while employed by the US Coast Survey, and Assistant Editor to Gould for the Astronomical Journal. It would be impossible to understand and appreciate Chandler’s achievements without recognizing his relationship with Gould, his brilliant mentor and lifelong colleague — the man he once described as his “Magnus Apollo.”In 1901 Chandler announced that the 14 month motion was not a simple oscillation but was in itself a compound motion consisting of the previously discovered 428 day component, and a much smaller 436 day component, whose reality was “beyond reasonable doubt.” The beating of two such components would result in a rapid change in the phase and amplitude of the Chandler motion at intervals of about 80 years. If Chandler was correct, in about 2010, give or take perhaps five years, we should see the next occurrence of this phenomenon. With the International Earth Rotation Service in operation there should be no difficulty in detecting and quantifying such an event, very nearly one century after Chandler’s death.
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Tang, Jijun, and Adam S. Lubell. "Influence of longitudinal reinforcement strength on one-way slab deflection." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1076–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-050.
Full textAbstract:
The CSA A23.3 standard for reinforced concrete design provides both an implicit check of deflection control based on minimum member thickness requirements and a direct computation method for deflection. This paper reports on an analytical study that compared maximum span-to-depth ratios from the implicit deflection provisions against ratios determined from direct deflection calculations. Emphasis was placed on the deflection performance of lightly reinforced one-way slabs, including those with high-strength steel reinforcement. The results indicated that maximum span-to-depth ratios should decrease as the span length increases, as the design load increases or as the cracking moment decreases. In contrast to the current implicit provisions, the design strength of the longitudinal reinforcement did not have a significant effect on the minimum slab thickness required to satisfy common deflection criterion. Design aids were proposed, with implications for design presented through a case study of a multispan one-way slab system.