Academic literature on the topic 'One Point Union'
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Journal articles on the topic "One Point Union"
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Mukund, V. Bapat. "WHEEL RELATED ONE POINT UNION OF VERTEX PRIME GRAPHS AND INVARIANCE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (2018): 145–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1216849.
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<strong><em>We investigate one point unions of W4, and graphs obtained from W4 such as gear graph G4, each cycle edge of W4 replaced with Pm, each pokes of W4 replaced with Pm for vertex prime labeling. All different non isomorphic structures of these graphs obtained by taking one point union graphs are shown to be vertex prime. This property of graphs is called as invariance under vertex prime labeling</em>.</strong>
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Gao, Zhao-Bin, Wei Qiu, Sin-Min Lee, Tai-Chieh Yang, and Carl Xiaohang Sun. "On Vertex Euclidean Deficiency of One-Point Union and One-Edge Union of Complete Graphs." Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 121, no. 1 (2024): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc121-11.
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A ( p , g ) -graph G is Euclidean if there exists a bijection f : V → { 1 , 2 , … , p } such that for any induced C 3 -subgraph { v 1 , v 2 , v 3 } in G with f ( v 1 ) < f ( v 2 ) < f ( v 3 ) , we have that f ( v 1 ) + f ( v 2 ) > f ( v 3 ) . The Euclidean Deficiency of a graph G is the smallest integer k such that G ∪ N k is Euclidean. We study the Euclidean Deficiency of one-point union and one-edge union of complete graphs.
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Bapat, Mukund. "WHEEL RELATED ONE POINT UNION OF VERTEX PRIME GRAPHS AND INVARIANCE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i3.2018.186.
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We investigate one point unions of W4, and graphs obtained from W4 such as gear graph G4, each cycle edge of W4 replaced with Pm, each pokes of W4 replaced with Pm for vertex prime labeling. All different non isomorphic structures of these graphs obtained by taking one point union graphs are shown to be vertex prime. This property of graphs is called as invariance under vertex prime labeling.
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Ghodasara, G. V., and A. H. Rokad. "Cordial Labeling of One Point Union of Some Graphs." International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology 11, no. 1 (2014): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315373/ijmtt-v11p509.
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Bapat, Mukund. "E-Cordiality of Tail C3Related One Point Union Graphs." International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology 56, no. 6 (2018): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315373/ijmtt-v56p553.
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Bapat, Mukund V. "One Point Union Families and Invariance under Cordial Labeling." International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology 57, no. 5 (2018): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315373/ijmtt-v57p544.
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S, Teresa Arockiamary, and Vijayalakshmi G. "k - Prime Labeling of One Point Union of Path Graph." Procedia Computer Science 172 (2020): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.084.
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Bapat, Mukund V. "Product Cordial Families of One Point Union of Crown Graphs." Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences 9, no. 6 (2018): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29055/jcms/806.
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Ballico, Edoardo. "On the base locus of linear systems of general double points." Gulf Journal of Mathematics 15, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v15i1.1256.
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Fix integers n ≥ 1, d ≥ 4 and x>0 such that (n+1)(x-1) +Bin(n+2, 2) ≤ Bin(n+d, n). Take a general S ⊂ Pn such that #S=x and let B denote the scheme-theoretic base locus of |I2s(d)|, where 2S is the union of the double points with S as their reduction. Then 2S is the union of the connected components of B containing at least one point of S. We prove this theorem proving that a general union of x-1 double points and one triple point has no higher cohomology in degree d.
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Zahid, M. I., and R. W. Heath. "One-point extensions of locally para-H-closed spaces." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 38, no. 1 (1985): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700022679.
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AbstractA space X is para-H-closed if every open cover of X has a locally-finite open refinement (not necessarily covering the space) whose union is dense in X. In this paper, we study one-point para-H-closed extensions of locally para-H-closed spaces.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "One Point Union"
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Moore, Emilia. "On the role of 1-LC and semi 1-LC properties in determining the fundamental group of a one point union of spaces." 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%205-11-07/MOORE_EMILIA_5.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "One Point Union"
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Droste, Heiko, and Kurt Villads Jensen. The Stockholm Bloodbath, 1520. Amsterdam University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463724197.
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The Stockholm Bloodbath on November 7–9, 1520, during which Kristian II had more than 100 persons executed on charges of heresy, is a turning point in the history of the Northern kingdoms. This bloodbath eventually led to Kristian II’s lifelong incarceration, the rise of the Swedish Vasa dynasty, and the end of the Kalmar Union. It has commonly been perceived both as part of Swedish-Danish conflict and also as part of a Swedish civil war. In this volume, fifteen researchers offer new insights both into the events themselves and also, most significantly, into their background and aftermath, which stretch far beyond Stockholm and the year 1520.
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Lee, Sangjoon, and Darlene Machell Espeña. Remapping the Cold War in Asian Cinemas. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727273.
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This book is about cinema and the cultural Cold War in Asia, set against the larger history of the cultural, political, and institutional linkages between the US, Europe, and Asia at the height of the Cold War. From the popularity of CIA-sponsored espionage films in Hong Kong and South Korea to the enduring Cold War rhetoric of brotherly relations in contemporary Sino-Indian co-production, cinema has always been a focal point of the cultural Cold War in Asia. Historically, both the United States and the Soviet Union viewed cinema as a powerful weapon in the battle to win hearts and minds—not just in Europe, but also in Asia. The Cold War in Asia was, properly speaking, a hot war, with proxy military confrontations between the United States, on one side, and the Soviet Union and China on the other. Amid this political and military turbulence, cataclysmic shifts occurred in the culture and history of Asian cinemas as well as in the latitude of US cultural diplomacy in Asia. The collection of essays in this volume sheds light on the often-forgotten history of the cultural Cold War in Asia. Taken together, the volume’s fifteen chapters examine film cultures and industries in Asia to showcase the magnitude and depth of the Cold War’s impact on Asian cinemas, societies, and politics. By shifting the lens to Asia, the contributors to this volume re-examine the dominant narratives about the global Cold War and highlight the complex and unique ways in which Asian societies negotiated, contested, and adapted to the politics and cultural manifestations of the Cold War.
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Conan, Doyle A. 福尔摩斯探案集: Sherlock Holmes: Selected Stories. Foreign Language Teaching & Research Pr., 1995.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sherlock Holmes: Selected stories. Oxford University Press, 1985.
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Conan, Doyle Arthur. Sherlock Holmes: Selected stories. Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Blavoukos, Spyros. Greece and the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.257.
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Based on negative publicity related to the financial turmoil and the migration crisis one could perhaps classify Greece as a problematic EU partner. This contribution argues that this static approach does not fully describe the complexity of EU-Greece relations. Looking at the historical evolution of this relationship from a more macroscopic point of view it identifies periods of convergence and divergence. It reinstates the limits of the European adjustment pressures in inducing modernization and accounts for the crises episodes by reference to some idiosyncratic features of the domestic sociopolitical contestation. The contribution discusses the valuable lessons learned by the handling of the crises both for Greece and the EU. It stresses that the Greek public disenchantment with the EU that is inexorably linked with the extreme societal burden of the adjustment process is not an isolated phenomenon. Like in many other EU countries, much of the criticism is directed toward the current scope and direction of European integration rather than on the merits and value of the integration venture per se. What is urgently required for the whole European demos is a new “grand bargain” that will provide the necessary vision for the years to come. This will condition the future evolution of the EU-Greece relationship.
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Cini, Michelle, and Nieves Pérez-Solórzano Borragán, eds. European Union Politics. 7th ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198862239.001.0001.
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European Union Politics is the most complete and issues-led introductory textbook on the European Union. Alongside rigorous coverage of the theory, institutions, and policies of the EU, the book engages with contemporary debates, and current crises. The seventh edition has been substantially updated, with significantly revised chapters on Brexit and the CJEU, as well as two new chapters covering the EU response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the European migration and refugee crisis. The text’s accessible writing style makes it the ideal starting point for anyone wishing to fully understand the workings of this complex and ever-evolving system. Throughout the book, students are supported by helpful learning features, including key points, questions, and examples.
Book chapters on the topic "One Point Union"
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Rakovský, Peter. "The Arbitration Convention as One of the Measures to Eliminate Double Taxation... in the European Union and in Slovak Republic." In Cofola International 2021. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-17.
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In the world of taxes, double taxation or double non-taxation represents one of the main problems within international taxation. Fair taxation, which manifests itself as a taxation of incomes in countries where the value is created in the light of legal tax optimization, is an important issue for a lot of international organisations and a relevant topic of innumerable initiatives and statements. In that regard, tax disputes between two or more states arise whose subject is the profit allocation. Such dis-putes are the main object of the so-called Arbitration Convention, which stipulates international chall-enge of the present and future of the profit allocation. Secondary subject of this article is to point out other relevant international and national arbitration measures within the European Union and Slovak Republic.
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Falsone, Maurizio. "I lavoratori autonomi e i ‘nuovi’ bisogni di tutela: il ruolo essenziale del divieto di discriminazioni per motivi sindacali." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0507-8.27.
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First, the author explains how the EU is leading with a certain conviction in extending anti-discrimination protections beyond the narrow confines of subordinate employment. On the other hand, it highlights how, vice versa, it is the Italian legal system that is in a more advanced position in combating discrimination for trade union reasons. We, therefore, analyse the different jurisprudential orientations of the Italian Court of Cassation and the EU Court of Justice on this point. Furthermore, it is highlighted that, in a multilevel logic, there are good reasons for the extension of anti-discrimination law, on the one hand, to protect self-employment and, on the other, to protect trade union activity. Finally, it is underlined that this extention is consistent with recent regulatory proposals aimed at protecting workers in the global context of value chains, such as the proposed EU directive on duty of care or the proposal discussed within the United Nations for one binding instrument dedicated to transnational companies and other commercial enterprises regarding respect for human rights. Both recognize fundamental trade union rights and prohibitions on discrimination in a subjectively universal manner, i.e. without distinctions between categories of workers.
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Rieker, Pernille, and Mathilde T. E. Giske. "Introduction." In The European Union in International Affairs. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44546-0_1.
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AbstractOver the past decade, the global geopolitical context has changed significantly. We have seen a power shift with a more assertive Russia and China and the rise of a more complex and competitive multi-polar system. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, international and European security has been placed on high alert. Transatlantic relations also seem to be strong—at least for now. Nevertheless, there is a general agreement that Europe must strengthen its capacity to ensure its own security. But how to make sense of European actorness—also referred to as European sovereignty or strategic autonomy—in the current context? The argument we put forward in this introductory chapter is twofold. First, that strategic autonomy ultimately involves much more than building an autonomous European defence structure or an autonomous Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). After two decades of having to deal with different types of crises that have everything to do with European security, but are not necessarily concerned with defence against military threats, this has become increasingly evident. The COVID-19 pandemic is a case in point. Even today, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the main threats against Western democracies are of a hybrid nature rather than of a direct military one. Thus, European strategic autonomy has to include a capacity to protect Europe against of such hybrid threats as well. The second part of the argument is that building European strategic autonomy, in a way that makes Europe better at addressing these challenges, will more likely strengthen rather than weaken both transatlantic relations and other types of partnerships with actors that share the same basic values.
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Åslund, Anders, and Torbjörn Becker. "A European Marshall Plan for Ukraine on the Way to the EU." In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_10.
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AbstractThis chapter details a plan for the reconstruction of Ukraine with the aim of the country one day becoming a full member of the EU. When the war is over the EU must be ready to help Ukraine build new and better for a future in the union. Every day that the war continues, the enormous cost of reconstruction increases. Ukraine will need extensive support which the authors argue should be handled by an EU agency that coordinates donors in a close dialogue with the Ukrainian government on goals and processes. Other important principles of reconstruction are that aid should arrive quickly, but with appropriate conditions; that the money sent to Ukraine is grants and not loans; and that the focus of the reconstruction is to create a sustainable economy with a clear green transition in terms of energy and infrastructure. Ukraine's entry into the EU should be used to prioritize institutional reforms that strengthen the reconstruction of all sections of Ukrainian society. The authors point out that a successful Ukraine in the EU will strengthen not only Ukraine's but also the entire EU's economic prosperity and security.
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Krimmer, Robert, Andriana Prentza, Szymon Mamrot, and Carsten Schmidt. "The Once-Only Principle: A Matter of Trust." In The Once-Only Principle. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_1.
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AbstractThe Single Market is one of the cornerstones of the European Union. The idea to transform it into a Digital Single Market (DSM) was outlined several years ago. The EU has started different initiatives to support this transformation process. One of them is the program Horizon 2020 to support the process from a technical point of view. In parallel to this, initiatives were started to set up a sound legal framework for the DSM. The Single Digital Gateway Regulation (SDGR) is an outcome of these initiatives. The key aspect of the SDGR is the underlying Once-Only Principle (OOP), outlining that businesses and citizens in contact with public administrations have to provide data only once. “The Once-Only Principle Project (TOOP)” is the EU-funded project initiated for research, testing, and implementation of the OOP in Europe. The authors give an overview of the research questions of the different parts of TOOP. Besides that, they introduce the other chapters of this book and what the reader can expect as the content of them.
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Isaakyan, Irina. "Homeland Gravity: The Local, the National and the Global." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67833-2_6.
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AbstractIn 1960, the world of classic music was witnessing a very strong inter-galactic interaction between the two famous theaters: La Scala and Bolshoi were signing a previously unimaginable pact on the perennial exchange of opera singers and ballet dancers. As a result, a new star generation of Soviet singers and Italian dancers was trained in the herein established inter-galactic stellar nursery throughout the 1960–1980s (Schwartz, 1983). One of them was Maria Bieșu. Originally from a small Moldavian village, Bieșu had started her vocal career in the republic of Moldova before she was selected for the two-year internship in La Scala in 1965 (Vdovina, 1984). It was the turning point in her career, which began escalating upon her repatriation in 1967 and immediate promotion to lead dramatic soprano at Bolshoi. Nostalgic for Italy and feeling sad about the inability to live there, Bieșu was, nevertheless, happy with her Soviet career, rejecting many emigration offers from the West (ibid; Rusakova, 2012). Although her stardom was decades before the era of global elite migrations, she could have indeed become a migrant, seeking political asylum and joining the émigré dissent, if she had wished so. As a star of the Bolshoi, she frequently participated in its tours to Europe and America throughout the 1970–80s, yet always returning to Moscow without a moment of hesitation. In one of her post-Soviet interviews to the press, she noted that she would have never left the Soviet Union for any other country (ibid). As she further explained, the reason for her patriotism had been not her fear of the KGB but the rich symbolism of the Bolshoi, embodying her grand social mobility from peasant to national opera supergiant: “My homeland was always the Soviet Union”, she proudly concluded (ibid).
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Tavares, Vanessa, and Marco Frazão Pedroso. "Barriers and Opportunities in the Transition to a Circular Construction Sector in Portugal." In Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_17.
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AbstractTransitioning from a linear to a circular economy (CE) is one of the main goals set by the European Union to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Portugal is currently revising the national CE action plan, and the construction sector has been identified as one of the key sectors. Barriers and opportunities in the transition to a CE were previously mapped in literature and national or sectorial CE action plans but still need to be identified for the Portuguese construction sector specificities. Over one-thousand stakeholders were interviewed during eleven working sessions to characterize the national construction sector, identifying and clustering barriers and opportunities in this transition. Barriers from the Political and regulatory pillar were critical, and an urgent need to adapt (and simplify) the regulatory framework to promote a circular construction sector was identified. In the Technology pillar, stakeholders acknowledged the need to support people and companies to make the transition. In the market pillar the lack of pilot projects applying CE principles and of a CDW market. Finally, in the Cultural pillar, the need to reskill workers and empower society with CE principles was highlighted. The actions to trigger the transition are a CE-prone framework, digitalization of construction, simplification of procedures, support research, and empowering the whole value chain. All these actions are in line with the just transition mechanism to ensure that “no one is left behind” and point the path towards a carbon–neutral construction sector.
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Ricroch, Agnès. "CRISPR Processes Patents in Green Biotechnology: Collaborative Licensing Models." In A Roadmap for Plant Genome Editing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46150-7_27.
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AbstractA strong patent system is necessary to enable innovation by incentivising investments in research and development (R&D) and promoting the dissemination of knowledge, including through licensing, as this is considered vital for the development and commercialisation of new products. The new genomic techniques (NGTs) defined by the European Union (EU) in 2021 include the CRISPR system which can selectively modify DNA sequences in a genome. More than 11,000 CRISPR-related patent applications have already been filed worldwide mainly in USA and China. The proliferation of patents on CRISPR for green biotechnology applications and the dispute between two of the technology’s inventors (UC Berkeley and the Broad Institute of MIT, USA) could be barriers to innovation. With regard to intellectual property (IP) and the patent protection, the conditions and opportunities of alternative licensing models to overcome the difficulties created by the complex patent landscape of CRISPR technology are examined. Patent pools and clearing houses are the two models attracting most interest that leads to a one-stop licensing point allowing cross-licensing and facilitating freedom to operate. The conditions for success and acceptability of collaborative licensing platforms are discussed.
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Feret, Blażej. "The Union Catalog." In Library Automation in Transitional Societies. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132625.003.0021.
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Abstract My interest in union catalogs (or, rather, “union OPACs”) began when nine academic libraries in Lodz Poland, started to implement a single, integrated library system. We were sure that after the successful implementation of the automation system at our libraries, we would provide users not only with nine separate OPACs but also with one access point that would serve all library catalogues. What is more, the question of how the union catalog would be created was one of the most important questions posed by our sponsor-The A. W. Mellon Foundation. What at first seemed to be an easy task became more complicated as time passed.
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Smale, Bob. "The Future of Union Identities and Niche Unionism." In Exploring Trade Union Identities. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204070.003.0010.
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This chapter first explores the implications of the work for the understanding of trade union identities and niche unionism. It argues for the multidimensional framework as being superior to a one-dimensional continuum and other theorisations which are variously considered outdated, inappropriate or requiring rigid categorisation. Secondly it discusses critical questions with implications for the future of trade union organisation and the challenge of organising the unorganised. These concern the primacy of general unions, the persistence of niche unions, whether general or niche unions are better placed to organise the unorganised and whether niche identity is a barrier to expanding membership territories. It argues that despite an apparent ‘direction of travel’ from niche in general unions, new niche unions continue to be formed. Whilst general unions could absorb further niche unions and bring greater resources, niche unions might be better placed to organise the unorganised. It recognises that ‘new generation unions’, although not projecting a new form of identity, may prove a significant development in union renewal and revitalisation. Finally, it makes clear that the work is not presented as the last word on trade union identities and niche unionism, but rather a starting point for further debate and discussion.
Conference papers on the topic "One Point Union"
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Bogacz, Pawel. "HARD COAL AS AN IMPORTANT TRANSITION FUEL IN THE POLISH ENERGY SYSTEM - THE CONTEXT OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.68.
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Dynamic climate changes require large human action. One of its essential elements is the reduction of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Within the European Union, they constitute one of the two fundamental goals of the European Green Deal strategy, which assumes that Europe (EU) will remain the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Among the nine sectors of the economy the most widely covered by these activities is the energy sector. Taking into account the assumed rate of GHG emission reduction, it seems that transition fuels will play a key role in this process, being the basis for the security and stability of the energy system, especially in the point of view of the weather dependence of a large part of renewable energy sources and the still existing lack of industrial energy storage technologies with adequate efficiency and effectiveness. This article argues in the above context that electricity based on hard coal from own deposits can be 10% less GHG-emissive than this product based on imported natural gas (taking into account the sum of all greenhouse gases and the Global Warming Potential factors determined in the IPCC AR6 report). This statement is based on an analysis of the Polish energy market.
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Nedzinskiene, Ruta, and Dalia Streimikiene. "DIGITALIZATION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY: LITHUANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF EU." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s13/83.
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To tackle climate change, the European Union has set objectives of low-carbon energy transition and carbon-neutral society creation by 2050. The EU Member States should implement GHG emissions reduction targets through improved energy efficiency and use of the renewables. Digital technologies can help to accelerate this. The digitalization of the energy system is a policy priority and is linked to the European Green Deal and the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030. Lithuania supports EU ambition to achieve netzero GHG emissions and become climate-neutral by 2050. The aim of the article is to evaluate the relations between digitalization and energy efficiency and to identify the position of Lithuania in the context of EU. Scientific literature analysis and statistical data analysis methods were used for this purpose. The data of Digital Economy and Society Index were used for digitalization indicators and Eurostat data were collected for energy efficiency indicators. Significant correlations between digitalization and energy efficiency indicators of EU countries were calculated. The position of Lithuania among other EU countries was evaluated. Lithuania ranks above EU average in digital public services and integration of digital technologies; however, it performs poorly in environment related technologies and in terms of energy efficiency. The findings of this research can be relevant for both Lithuanian and EU authorities from the practical point of view in promoting cooperation between digital and energy stakeholders, shaping policy, steering digitalization in a way that maximizes the benefits for entire energy system.
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Panagoreţ, Andreea, Dragos Panagoreţ, and Tomislav Kandyija. "Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy of the European Union." In G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/16.
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Sustainable development approaches the concept of quality of life in all its complexity, from an economic, social and environmental point of view, promoting the idea of the balance between economic development, social equity, efficient use and conservation of the environment. By its very nature, sustainable development represents the need for responsibility and education for environmental protection, and this aspect is reflected in the evolution of community policy in recent years, a policy marked by the transition from an approach based on constraint and sanction, to a more flexible, based one on incentives. Thus, it is acting in the direction of a voluntary approach, in order to promote this environmental responsibility and to encourage the use of environmental management systems. The environmental policy does not act independently, but reflects the interest of civil society in this direction, manifested by the creation of numerous environmental movements and organizations. Moreover, in some countries the creation and development of "green" political parties has been achieved, with real success in the political arena. However, resistance - or, more properly, the restraint and inertia that manifests itself, should not be forgotten, when environmental objectives seem to limit industrial competitiveness and economic growth; but this aspect only emphasizes once again the need for a concerted approach at European level and the need for an active and integrated environmental policy, capable of responding to the challenges that appear economically. The European environmental policy is based on the principles of precaution, prevention, correction of pollution at source and "polluter pays". The precautionary principle is a risk management tool that can be invoked if there is scientific uncertainty about a possible risk to human health or the environment, arising from a particular action or policy.
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Antonescu, Daniela. "Trends of Convergence at Regional Level in European Union (EU-28)." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/35.
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The objective regarding cohesion is achieved by means of a convergence process that assumes diminishing territorial inequalities between regions and territories. The cohesion process is not limited to the relatively poor regions, but aims also to more developed regions with the purpose of observing also the secondary effects for the entire EU (EC Report, 2013). Identifying the convergence or divergence trends is one of the intensely argued topics by both the academic and the political-decisional environment. The theoretical point of view approach regarding convergence was accompanied by models meant to mitigate the requirements of assessing over given periods the evolution of territorial inequalities (between countries or regions). Identifying a process of convergence or divergence at regional level is a widely debated issue both in the academic and political-decision making environment. Thus, in the context of favourable economic development, convergence assumes a process of closing the gap between the living standards between the poorer and richer areas beginning with the premise that the first have a swifter development as the latter. Considering this aspect, the present article analyses the trends of convergence/divergence at regional level in the context of the European Union with the help of GDP per capita and variation coefficients.
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Čechmánek, Kristián. "Sustainable Development in the World of Lies." In 9th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2023.1.
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Is the process of sustainable development threatened by disinformation or is disinformation eligible to change the civilizational trajectory of the European Union´s paradigmatical endeavor towards a sustainable future? As the author believes, answering the question is vital in order to adapt to the situation of new threats that change the perception, cognition, and behavior of a wide range of participants in political, public, and civil life. In order to do that, the author scrutinizes the European Union´s major sustainable development policies on the one hand and various trends influenced by strong disinformation campaigns and hybrid threats towards them on the level of member states on the other hand. As the author shows, there are already observable tendencies, based on which it is possible to state a significant influence of disinformation on the sustainable development of the European Union. As the following article will point out, the social and political reality in the European Union indicate a possible paradigm shift where traditional knowledge-based sustainable development is challenged by disinformation narratives that make both European and global endeavor toward a sustainable future strongly aggravated.
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Jamnik, Matej. "The European model of sport also through the prism of university sport." In Antropološki i teoantropološki pogled na fizičke aktivnosti (11). Univerzitet u Prištini-Kosovska Mitrovica - Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje u Leposaviću, Leposavić, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5937/atavpa25170j.
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At the end of 2021, at a meeting of the Council of the European Union, the Ministers for Sport of the European Union adopted a resolution on the European model of sport. The key dilemma of the European model of sport is to what extent to enable such professionalization that it does not become just a pure economic activity. Among the main features identified in the resolution are a pyramid structure, organized sport structured at the national level and with one federation for the sports disciplin, solidarity with lower sports levels and the promotion of open competitions. Regarding the impact of the European model of sport on university sport, we can point out two key conclusions in the context of the European Union council meeting: the Ministers of Sport adopted a decision on the promotion of lifelong physical activity (special emphasis is placed on sports education), the Ministers for Sport also discussed the dual professional paths of athletes (dual careers of athletes - during and after the end of the sports career).
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KALINOWSKI, Sławomir, and Barbara KIEŁBASA. "RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.044.
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This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk population are recorded in Bulgaria (54.8%) and Romania (50.8%), the levels reported by Poland and Lithuania are also above the EU average (by 4.5 and 9.2 percentage points, respectively). At the other end of the spectrum, the risk rate in the Netherlands and Czech Republic is 12.8%. For the households, income is a factor underpinning their economic safety and, thus, their confidence. The amount of incomes affects the objective poverty levels measured with a parametric method. In the EU, persons earning no more than 60% of the national median income are assumed to be at risk of poverty. Therefore, the risk of poverty affects nearly every fifth inhabitant of EU rural areas. Poverty and social exclusion are multidimensional aspects which result in unmet needs in multiple areas: healthcare, education, housing, culture and leisure. While triggering some kind of feedback loop, insufficient incomes are both the cause and the effect of deprivation of needs. Also, they provide favorable conditions for an unsustainable development of rural areas.
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Tan, Yang, and Bo Lv. "Mistakes of a Popular Protocol Calculating Private Set Intersection and Union Cardinality and its Corrections." In 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (CAIML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121209.
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In 2012, De Cristofaro et al. proposed a protocol to calculate the Private Set Intersection and Union cardinality (PSI-CA and PSU-CA). This protocol's security is based on the famous DDH assumption. Since its publication, it has gained lots of popularity because of its efficiency (linear complexity in computation and communication) and concision. So far, it's still considered one of the most efficient PSI-CA protocols and the most cited (more than 170 citations) PSI-CA paper based on the Google Scholar search. However, when we tried to implement this protocol, we couldn't get the correct result of the test data. Since the original paper lacks of experimental results to verify the protocol's correctness, we looked deeper into the protocol and found out it made a fundamental mistake. Needless to say, its correctness analysis and security proof are also wrong. In this paper, we will point out this PSI-CA protocol's mistakes, and provide the correct version of this protocol as well as the PSI protocol developed from this protocol. We also present a new security proof and some experimental results of the corrected protocol.
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Aras, Eyyup. "From Discrete Vectors to Point Sets in Machining Simulations With High-Order Tool Surfaces." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13260.
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In vector based machining simulations sampling only along one direction misses surface portions, such as sharp edges and vertical walls. This drawback can be removed when sampling along multiple directions, even without increasing the number of vectors. Therefore, given the same total number of vectors, vector hits are likely to be better distributed over the surface in a multiple-rayrep model than in a single one. But in this case, although we have a better in-process workpiece representation, we face with another problem: computational expense in the vector/envelope intersections. Computations are easy when the workpiece is represented by unidirectional vectors and when the tool axis is positioned along these vectors. On the other hand, a more complicated situation occurs when the machining simulations are performed in the multiple-reyrep based environments with tools having high-order geometries. In this case, the extensive usage of nonlinear root finding algorithms makes machining simulations impractical. One solution might be to eliminate the variable representing a vector from calculations. This leads to a union of 3D-points (i.e. polyhedral, voxel and Octree representations), at the loss of accuracy. Therefore, from a geometric viewpoint we can consider the aggregate of 3D-points as a special version of the multiple-rayrep model, in which the orthogonal vectors are discretized. In this paper, first the above mentioned drawbacks are presented for the triple-vector model based environments with arbitrarily oriented tool surfaces. Later, since each NC sequence is described by using the toolpath parameter, the above problems are reduced to a single equation with collection of toolpath parameters for the given 3D-points. Since its geometric complexity is highest among other APT-type cutter surfaces, the toroidal surface is chosen for the analysis.
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Iliev, Andrej, Anita Ilieva Nikolovska, and Emilija Petrova. "HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF THE INTEGRATION IN NATO AND THE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.11.01.20.p30.
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The historical determination of the Republic of North Macedonia for integration into the collective systems, NATO and European Union is the highest national goal with strategic importance which lasts for about three decades. This paper aims to provide a detailed historical overview of our country's NATO integration path from becoming a part of Partnership for Peace to full membership of the Republic of North Macedonia in NATO, which will happen earliest at the forthcoming meeting of Foreign Affairs Ministers of NATO in Brussels on 02nd and 03rd April 2020. Besides analyzing the work of NATO done so far and the forthcoming NATO activities in the field of dealing with military and non-military security threats and providing suggestions and methods for more effective dealing with the above mentioned modern security threats, one of the main point will be the implementation of a full membership of the Republic of North Macedonia as 30th NATO member state. The main hypothesis and also the focus of our paper will be: "Analysis of the integration path of our country in the European Union". This will be based on an analysis of the documents from strategic importance of the European Union and an analysis of the forthcoming new methodology for admission and status for becoming a full member state of the European Union. Our aim is to make a historical and comparative analysis of the European Union members from the region of Southeast Europe (the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia), with the countries which are currently in process of launching accession negotiations with the European Union such as the Republic of North Macedonia and also with integration 40 process in EU of Southeast European countries, some of which already have candidate status (Albania, Montenegro, and Serbia). The final goal of this paper, based on an analysis from the reports of the European institutions and agencies, will give an overview of the possible dates on which the accession of the above-mentioned countries from the region of Southeast Europe to the EU will be realized, if they carry out all necessary reforms on the basis with forthcoming new methodology for accession to the European Union and given timeframe from the European Commission for implementing all necessary reforms for each Southeast European country aspiring for membership in the EU. Keywords: historical retrospective, integration, the Republic of North Macedonia, NATO, European Union
Reports on the topic "One Point Union"
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Ördögh, Tibor. Rule of Law in the Western Balkans. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.67.
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Rule of law is a much-debated concept today, and it is one of the fundamental pillars of any democratic system. When it comes to the countries of the Western Balkans striving to become members of the European Union, it is important to look at the characteristics they have in this respect, and to what extent they meet the criteria for becoming a member state. Due to their particular way of development, there are different de facto political systems functioning within the region, which is an obstacle that also stands in the way of rule of law. This study presents those aspects of the rule of law that clearly demonstrate falling behind other political systems. An independent judiciary, civil liberties, media pluralism, and corruption are all factors that require reform in the examined countries. It may be wise to try and point out the shortcomings of the system along the lines of these aspects.
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O’Reilly, Jacqueline, and Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.
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This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection
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Langlais, Pierre-Carl. Languages of science. Comité pour la science ouverte, 2024. https://doi.org/10.52949/71.
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Scientific languages are vehicular languages used by one or several scientitific communities for international communication. According to Michael Gordin, they are “either specific forms of a given language that are used in conducting science, or they are the set of distinct languages in which science is done”. Until the 19th century, classical languages such as Latin, Classical Arabic, Sanskrit, or Classical Chinese were commonly used across Eurasia for the purpose of international scientific communication. A combination of structural factors, the emergence of nation-states in Europe, the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of colonization entailed the global use of three European national languages: French, German and English. Yet new languages of science such as Russian or Italian had started to emerge by the end the 19th century, to the point that international scientific organizations started to promote the use of constructed languages like Esperanto as a non-national global standard. After the First World War, English gradually outpaced French and German and became the leading language of science, but not the only international standard. Research in the Soviet Union had rapidly expanded in the years following the Second World War and access to russian journals became a major policy issue in the United States, prompting the early development of Machine Translation. In the last decades of the 20th century, an increasing number of scientific publications relied primarily on English in part due to the preeminence of English-speaking scientific infrastructures, indexes and metrics like the Science Citation Index. The development of open science has revived the debate over linguistic diversity in science, as social and local impact has become an important objective of open science infrastructures and platforms. In 2019, 120 international research organizations co-signed the Helsinki Initiative on Multilingualism in Scholarly Communication and called for supporting multilingualism and the development of “infrastructure of scholarly communication in national languages”. The 2021 Unesco Recommendation for Open Science includes linguistic diversity as one of the core features of open science, as it aims to “make multilingual scientific knowledge openly available, accessible and reusable for everyone”.
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Hoque, Mohammad Mainul, Kazi Iqbal, and Paritosh K. Roy. Impact Of Floods On Education Outcomes: Evidence From Bangladesh Using Satellite And Census Data. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/nruh9916.
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We study the impact of floods on the education outcomes of high school students in Bangladesh. We construct satellite image-based measures of flood at the union level and combine them with the census data of all high schools for the years 2011-2018. Exploiting within-union variations of the flood measures, we find that the passing rates of public exams and school-based exams of the secondary schools in a union drop significantly if greater areas of that union are flooded. In the case of public exams, for example, the passing rates decreased by 4-9 per cent if the flooded area of a union increased by 1 per cent after controlling for school and year-fixed effects. The impact is found to be more pronounced for female students - the passing rates of female students were about 2 percentage points lower than the male students in the SSC examinations. While the literature argues that the impact of natural disasters on education outcomes is indirect and long-term, we provide robust evidence suggesting that floods' direct and immediate impact on education outcomes can be substantial. Our results have a significant bearing on education policies and disaster management strategies of natural flood-prone developing countries.
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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.
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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing climate financing and development aid; and building up the operational resilience of the military. Strengthening such efforts would involve: incorporating climate insecurity into foreign and security policy dialogues; increasing conflict-sensitive climate adaptation finance; sensitization to climate change and conflict; and improving the operationalization of early warning. To remain credible, EU member states must advance their climate security initiatives and close the gap between rhetoric and practice.
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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, and Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.
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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.
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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su, and Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber Posture Trends in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/elwl8053.
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Current understanding of the cyber postures of China, Russia, the USA and the EU merits re-evaluation. It is often assumed that China and Russia are aligned, yet this is not always the case. Unlike Russia, which has an ongoing focus on information security, China’s official documents incorporate both information security and cybersecurity concerns that are similar to the USA and the EU. Moreover, while often paired, the USA and the EU have differing regulatory structures in cyberspace. Further, both actors increasingly mirror Russian and Chinese concerns about the impact of information warfare on domestic stability. By examining key trends in each actor’s cyber posture, this report identifies points of convergence and divergence. Its conclusions will inform a broader SIPRI project that maps cyber posture trajectories and explores trilateral cyber dynamics among China, Russia and the USA to assist the EU in navigating future cyber escalation and enhancing global cyber stability.
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González Rozada, Martín, and Hernán Ruffo. Do Trade Agreements Contribute to the Decline in Labor Share? Evidence from Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003790.
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In this paper, we explore the role of trade in the evolution of labor share in Latin American countries. We use trade agreements with large economies (the United States, the European Union, and China) to capture the effect of sharp changes in trade. In the last two decades, labor share has displayed a negative trend among those countries that signed trade agreements, while in other countries labor share increased, widening the gap by 7 percentage points. We apply synthetic control methods to estimate the average causal impact of trade agreements on labor share. While effects are heterogeneous in our eight case studies, the average impact is negative between 2 to 4 percentage points of GDP four years after the entry into force of the trade agreements. This result is robust to the specification used and to the set of countries in the donor pool. We also find that, after trade agreements, exports of manufactured goods and the share of industry in GDP increase on average, most notably in the case studies where negative effects on labor share are significant. A decomposition shows that all the reduction in labor share is explained by a negative impact on real wages.
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Hughes, Ceri, Miguel Martinez Lucio, Stephen Mustchin, and Miriam Tenquist. Understanding whether local employment charters could support fairer employment practices: Research Briefing Note. University of Manchester Work and Equalities Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3927/uom.5176698.
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Employment charters are voluntary initiatives that attempt to describe ‘good’ employment practices and to engage and recognise those employers that meet or aspire to meet these practices. They can operate at different spatial scales, ranging from international and national accreditation schemes to local charters that focus on engaging employers in specific regions or cities. The latter are the focus of this briefing paper. At least six city-regions in England had local employment charters at the time of our research. These areas alone account for over a fifth (21 per cent) of the resident working-age population (based on ONS 2022 population estimates), highlighting the potential reach and significance of these voluntary initiatives in terms of setting employment standards, although the number of employers directly accredited with local schemes is still relatively small. Despite their popularity with policymakers, there is only limited research on local employment charters. A few studies have explored issues relating to the design, implementation and evaluation of charters, reflecting demand from policymakers for toolkits and support to develop local policy initiatives (e.g. Crozier, 2022). But several years into the implementation of some of these charter initiatives, and as more areas look to develop their own, we argue that it is time to revisit some more foundational questions around what local charters are for, and how far they can support ‘good work’ agendas. It remains to be seen which employers can and will engage substantively with these initiatives, how employer commitments might be validated and the good employment criteria enforced, and how local charters will be integrated with local authority commissioning and procurement practices (TUC, 2022). The local charters that have emerged so far within the UK have been conceived predominantly as employer engagement tools, adopting language and approaches designed to appeal to employer interests and priorities and emphasising the value that employers can derive from being part of the initiative. This contrasts with approaches emphasising the engagement of other constituents, like citizens and employees, as a route to influencing employer engagement (Scott, Baylor and Spaulding, 2016; Johnson, Herman and Hughes, 2022). This briefing paper shares findings from a scoping study involving key informants in the North West of England (2022-2023) which explored how local charter initiatives could influence employers to improve their employment practices. Participants in the study shared their views on: 1) How voluntary local employment charters could influence employers to change their employment practices? 2) What types of employers local charters could engage and influence? Alongside this study, we have also developed a series of case studies of the charters that have been introduced across six city regions in England. These encompass the Fair Work Standard (London); Good Employment Charter (West of England); Good Work Pledge (North of Tyne Combined Authority); Fair Employment Charter (Liverpool City Region Combined Authority); Good Employment Charter (Greater Manchester) and the Fair Work Charter (West Yorkshire Combined Authority). The case studies are published separately. Our conversations with policymakers, union representatives and campaigners indicate that while there are some potential ‘win-win’ outcomes from promoting good employment practices, there are also some key tensions that should be more clearly acknowledged. In particular, one point of divergence relates to what would be the most effective and meaningful way to engage with employers in order to secure improvements in employment practices. On the one hand, employment charter initiatives could set consistent, clear and relatively high standards of practice that employers could be required to meet from the outset, creating a clear dividing line between those employers who were engaged in some way with the initiative and those who are not. On the other, these initiatives could prioritise engaging as many employers as possible with few or no specific red lines (e.g. around paying the living wage) so that the charter provides an opportunity to work with employers to secure hopefully more substantive commitments down the road. There are challenges and trade-offs associated with both of these viewpoints. One problem with the former strategy of setting a consistent standard is that the principles of employment that the charter promotes may not be particularly stretching in some sectors, or indeed may only describe a minimum set of commitments for certain types of work; whilst in other sectors they may be viewed as being too stringent. A more incremental, flexible strategy of engaging with employers and working with them to change their employment practices, in contrast, relies on sustained commitment from both policymakers and employers. Whether charters can simultaneously offer a ‘safe space’ to employers to share information and change their practices whilst also operating in a more regulatory way appears as a fundamental tension in existing visions for these initiatives. We return to these different views on how to engage employers and secure change in the conclusion to this paper.
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Dudoit, Alain. The urgency of the first link: Canada’s supply chain at breaking point, a national security issue. CIRANO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cxwf7311.
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The creation of an intelligent supply chain is now an urgent national security priority that cannot be achieved without the joint mobilization of various stakeholders in Canada. It is not, however, an end in itself: the achievement of a single, competitive, sustainable, and consumer-focused domestic market should be the ultimate outcome of the national taskforce needed to collaboratively implement the recommendations of three complementary public policy reports published in 2022 on the state of the supply chain in Canada. The supply chain challenge is vast, and it will only become more complex over time. Governments in Canada must act together now, in conjunction with collaborative efforts with our allies and partners, notably the United States and the European Union, to ensure supply chain resilience in the face of accelerating current and anticipated upheavals, geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters. Québec's geostrategic position is a major asset, and gives it a critical role and responsibility in implementing not only the Final Report of the National Supply Chain Task Force ("ACT"), but also of the recommendations contained in the report published by the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety (COMT) and those contained in the report of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities published in Ottawa in November 2022, "Improving the Efficiency and Resilience of Canada's Supply Chains". The mobilizing approach towards a common data space for Canada's supply chain is inspired by Advantage St. Lawrence's forward-looking Smart Economic Corridor vision and builds on and integrates experience gained from various initiatives and programs implemented in Canada, the U.S. and Europe, as appropriate. Its initial implementation in the St. Lawrence - Great Lakes trade corridor will facilitate the subsequent access and sharing of data from across the Canadian supply chain in a reliable and secure manner. The accelerated joint development of a common data space is a game-changer not only in terms of solving critical supply chain challenges, but also in terms of the impetus it will generate in the pursuit of fundamental Canadian priorities, including the energy transition. This Bourgogne report offers a four-part synthesis: - An overview of a background characterized by numerous consultations, strategy announcements, measures, and mixed results. - A cross-analysis of the recommendations of three important and complementary public policy reports at federal level, as well as the Quebec strategy, “l'Avantage Saint-Laurent”. - An analysis of the fundamental issues of mobilization capacity, execution, and under-utilization of data. - Some operational solutions for moving into « Action, Collaboration and Transformation » (ACT) mode.