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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Open discussion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Costa, Mary-Anne da. "Surfaces and services : a public space for information, communication and discussion." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd11212007-100102.

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Rusch, Thomas, and Achim Zeileis. "Discussion on Fifty Years of Classification and Regression Trees." Wiley, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/insr.12062.

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In this discussion paper, we argue that the literature on tree algorithms is very fragmented. We identify possible causes and discuss good and bad sides of this situation. Among the latter is the lack of free open-source implementations for many algorithms. We argue that if the community adopts a standard of creating and sharing free open-source implementations for their developed algorithms and creates easy access to these programs the bad sides of the fragmentation will be actively combated and will benefit the whole scientific community. (authors' abstract)

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LU, Jiewei Antonia. "Open-minded discussion in interdepartmental collaboration : contribution of goal interdependence and social motives." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2014. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/25.

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Combining theories of social motives, goal interdependence, and conflict management, this study theorized a model in which interdepartmental goal interdependence affects conflict outcomes between different departments through open-minded discussion dynamics adopted by employees from different departments in the organization. This study also proposes that social motives moderate the link between inter-departmental goal interdependence and open-minded discussion. A sample of 133 employees from different business organizations in China were interviewed to recall a critical incident when they had a conflict with their coworker from different departments. SEM results and other analysis results support the hypotheses that cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence and competitive goal interdependence are antecedents to employees engaging in open-minded discussion in the context of interdepartmental collaboration, and that open-minded discussion in turn influences conflict outcomes, i.e. task accomplishment, relationship strengthening, and future collaboration. Results further suggest that employee’s pro-social motive moderates the relationship between competitive goal interdependence and open-minded discussion, and that proself motive moderates the relationship between cooperative goal interdependence and open-minded discussion. Findings also suggest that practitioners promote effective interdepartmental collaboration by strengthening their prosocial motive when perceiving competitive goal and proself motive when perceiving cooperative goal, setting cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence, and handling conflict through open-minded discussion. The study contributes to conflict management literature as well as the goal interdependence theory in the organizational behavior literatures.

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Fitenko, Nikita Slonimskiĭ Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich. "Sonata for piano (1963) by Sergei Michailovich Slonimsky musical analysis and discussion on interpretation and performance /." connect to online resource, 2002. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/open/20021/fitenko%5Fnikita/index.htm.

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Malan, Petronel. "Alexander Johnson's Nis concerto (1994) concerto no. 1 for piano and orchestra, a discussion of influences from Africa, eastern and western Europe /." view full-text document. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus, 2001. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/open/20012/malan%5Fpetronel/index.htm.

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Wang, L. "'2+1' Chinese business students' methods of case-study group discussion in British university seminars." Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/4892c4ef-3f00-4cd0-9f96-3bd0dd656ef6/1.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how a group of Chinese business students understood the nature and the purpose of the instruction techniques they were exposed to in Britain, and the attitudes the students, Chinese lecturers in China and British lecturers in Britain held towards seminar discussions. The study also investigated how and to what extent students’ prior learning experiences predisposed them to certain attitudes towards seminar discussions. The student participants in this study undertook Part I of their degree programme at a Chinese university for two years before transferring to Britain to study for one year, graduating with a British Bachelors Degree in International Business. Data was gathered from classroom observations, follow-up and exploratory interviews, and a questionnaire survey to discover more about the students’ learning experiences in Part I in China, and from classroom observations, audio-recordings, and follow-up and exploratory interviews to investigate the same group of students’ learning experiences in Part II in Britain. A ranking task and interviews were used to identify the preferences of Chinese students, British lecturers, and Chinese lecturers from China in terms of specific group discussion methods. The study identified three discussion methods used by students in British seminars: these have been termed ‘spiral’, ‘exploratory’ and ‘individual’ methods. The Chinese students tended to use the ‘spiral’ method, repeatedly bringing the discussion back to the question provided by the seminar tutor, whereas the non-Chinese students tended to use the ‘exploratory’ method, reformulating each other’s opinions and building on them by bringing in new information. When discussing within Chinese-only groups, the Chinese students used the ‘individual’ method whereby a group leader took responsibility for the outcomes of the discussion and the other members did not build upon each other’s contributions. Chinese and non-Chinese students sometimes misunderstood each others’ intentions, but were not likely to notice that miscommunication had occurred. The ranking task and the follow-up interviews revealed that the British lecturers preferred the ‘exploratory’ discussion method, whereas Chinese lecturers from China and Chinese students preferred the ‘spiral’ method. The British lecturers were found to adopt a constructivist approach to group discussion tasks, seeing them as a means by which students could obtain professional experience. They treated Business and Management knowledge as divergent and ‘soft’. Chinese lecturers and students, on the other hand, were found to perceive group discussion as a kind of assessment and were keen to find ‘correct’ answers to case study problems, treating Business and Management as convergent and hard disciplines which offered judgements on good practice. The Chinese lecturers in Part I of the programme organised group discussion so that students could exchange answers and check their accuracy, and, perhaps because of this, in Part I the students learnt in an exam-oriented way, strategically dividing up their tasks and working individually on their own task portions in order to find an acceptable answer as quickly as possible. These students were found to continue to employ these strategies during group work after they had transferred to the British component of their degree programme. The study has made a theoretical contribution to knowledge concerning the cultural influences on students’ classroom interactional practices. The findings from the study have implications for the teaching of intercultural business communication, and the enhancement of students’ learning experiences in international business programmes, in business English programmes in China, and whilst learning within groups.

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Nyman, Gomez Christian. "A game to gain awareness of cultural differences : Comparing the effect of a social game and an open discussion exercise." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12541.

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This thesis explores whether a social game shows indications of being more effective to raise awareness of cultural differences than an open discussion exercise. Within the field of Serious Games there are studies exploring the area. Among them some studies aim to train the cultural understanding of military personnel or are business relationship oriented, while others try to motivate immigrant to interact with local population or convey situation which may lead to culture shock.To conduct the experiment critical incidents were developed using a model where individualistic and collectivistic cultures are compared in social and work related situations. Participants, students from Swedish for immigrants, were divided into two groups. One group was playing the game and the other was having an open discussion exercise. Results show after the session and three weeks later indications of the game being more effective raising awareness of cultural differences.

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Yeager, Jonathan Mark. "The roots of Open Brethren ecclesiology a discussion of the nature of the church compared to the ecclesiology of the Darbyite Brethren, 1825-1848 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p048-0314.

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Hawken, Johanna. "Philosopher avec les enfants : enquête théorique et expérimentale sur une pratique de l'ouverture d'esprit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H219/document.

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L’enfance est l’âge des prémices intellectuelles et existentielles, mais l’appartenance à ce stade du développement ne doit pas signer l’incapacité philosophique des enfants, qui manifestent des tendances philosophiques spontanées par leur faculté d’étonnement, leur quête de sens et leurs intuitions sur le monde. Cette affinité naturelle de l’enfance au monde conceptuel ferait de la philosophie le lieu idéal pour instituer une éducation de la pensée. Ainsi, le mouvement pédagogique de la philosophie pour enfants défend, depuis une quarantaine d’années, la nécessité d’une formation de l’esprit critique, réflexif et dialectique. En vue de réinventer une méthode pédagogique conforme à l’esprit enfantin, elle a surgi sous la forme d’une pratique de la discussion collective, centrée sur l’échange des idées, l’exercice des habiletés intellectuelles et la construction d’une réflexion conceptuelle, argumentée et problématique sur un enjeu universel de la condition humaine. Dans ce cadre (et dans celui de notre étude), les philosophes pour enfants défendent de toutes parts le développement de l’ouverture d’esprit, en un double sens : comme développement des capacités rationnelles et comme éclosion des capacités dialogiques de compréhension intersubjective. La discussion philosophique permettrait à l’enfant de s’ouvrir l’esprit, grâce à la dynamique d’exploration des idées, problématiques, arguments et à l’apprentissage de la disponibilité à la pensée nouvelle, à la pensée d’autrui, à la pensée pluraliste. Il convient donc de se demander si la philosophie pour enfants peut être conçue comme une pratique intellectuelle et éthique de l’ouverture d’esprit Childhood is the age of an awakening of intellectual and existential capacities, but this developmental stage is not indicative of a philosophical inability of children, who may display spontaneous philosophical tendencies through their faculty for surprise, their quest for meaning and their intuitions about the world. This natural affinity of children for the conceptual world makes philosophy the ideal medium to introduce education in thinking. Thus, for the past forty years or so, the philosophy for children movement has defended the need to train critical, reflexive and dialectic minds. In order to reinvent a pedagogic method best suited to a child's mindset, this training has developed in the form of collective debate centred on the exchange of ideas, the exercise of intellectual capacities and the construction of conceptual thinking, argued and problematized around the universal challenges of the human condition. In this context (and that of our study), philosophers for children are strongly in favour of defending an openness of mind, from two standpoints: as the development of rational abilities and as the first steps towards a capacity for intersubjective understanding. Philosophical discussion allows children to open their minds, thanks to the dynamic of exploring ideas, issues and arguments and learning about the availability of new, external and pluralistic thoughts. The question is therefore whether philosophy for children could be conceived as an intellectual and ethical practice to achieve open-mindedness

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Wang, Zhanyu. "The design and implementation of a discussion forum module to function within the architectural constraints of an existing Open Source Software (OSS) learning management system (to meet target-user requirements)." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1381.

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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Peninsula Technikon,Cape Town, 2004 Higher education and online discussions are an integral part of collaboratively based e-Learning systems. However, there problems can be associated with current online discussion models. For example, it can be easy to set open-ended discussions which attract little participation and to assess contributions can be difficult or time-consuming. Students may not achieve the expected learning outcomes without proper structure and management in online discussions. This paper proposes to design and implement a discussion forum object to function within the architectural constraints of an existing Oss learning management system (to meet target user requirements) that is a web-based environment for online discussions where the facilitator can structure each discussion according to its nature and where learning requirements are using already designed templates.

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Kalinga, Ellen. "Development of an Interactive E-learning Management System (e-LMS) for Tanzanian Secondary Schools." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00477.

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e-Learning, defined as the use of information and communications technology (ICT) for supporting the educational process, has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education systems. Tanzanian secondary schools which are geographically and socially isolated face a number of problems, including a way to get learning materials. The impact of these problems is poor performance in National Examinations. This poor performance however is most noted in science and mathematics. The problem in get- ting learning materials can be reduced by employing ICT. This research developed an interactive e-learning management system (e-LMS) to be used by Tanzanian secondary schools. Tanzania Secondary Schools e-Learning (TanSSe-L) system is the name adopted for an interactive e-LMS developed. The re- search is aimed at supporting teaching and learning functions by allowing for the creation and storage of learning materials, making them available, easily accessed and sharable by students from different secondary schools in Tanzania. It is a context- driven research work of knowledge production in a specific context for application. Initially, the research work focused on two selected pilot schools; Kibaha Secondary School and Wali-ul-Asr Girls’ Seminary in Kibaha town, Pwani region. Features of the TanSSe-L system represent the standard form of any secondary school registered by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. The development of the TanSSe-L system made use of software engineering discipline. The research used Unified Modelling Language (UML) and integrated Object-Orient- ed System Analysis and Design (OOSA&D) and Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to address the System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) in a systemic way. UML design class diagram (DCD) is a Platform Independent Model (PIM) that was transformed into a Platform Specific Model (PSM) in MDA for implementation. Implementation made use of open source LMS to help generate a timely solution to TanSSe-L system development. In this specific context, focus group discussion as inspired by action re- search methodology was used. The research evolved into a triple helix process in close cooperation with other stakeholders. Finally, it is considered that replication and mirroring will make learning materials highly available to end-users.

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Middup, Judy. "Discourses of racial prejudice : an analysis of discussions on open schooling." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21343.

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Includes bibliographical references. Three groups of four males (seventeen years old) discussed Open Schooling. Each group completed a short attitude scale on the same topic before and after each discussion. The groups were from three schools - two "white" schools: an Afrikaans and an English medium school; and a " coloured" English medium school. Discourse analysis was used as the method of analysis to identify patterns - and their functions - within the discourses. Racial prejudice was of particular interest, and the topic of Open Schooling was used because of its significance within the present South African context. The volatile nature of the topic was expected to generate affective involvement in the discussion due to the investment of the adolescents concerned. The "coloured" school was expected to be differently positioned in the discourses of open schooling. The results demonstrated that racial prejudice was also included in the repertoire of the coloured school.

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Brambilla, Ana Maria. "Jornalismo open source : discussão e experimentação do OhmyNews International." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8457.

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Ao propôr-se a discutir e experimentar o noticiário sul-coreano OhmyNews International, a presente dissertação recorre a princípios da complexidade, à engenharia de software e aos valores do jornalismo tradicional – bem como ao seu histórico – para elaborar um entendimento inicial de jornalismo open source. As diretrizes propostas são aplicadas ao objeto empírico por meio de observação participante, análise descritiva e entrevistas com grupos de pessoas envolvidas em diferentes aspectos do projeto. O foco central desta dissertação é a interação dos diferentes públicos com a notícia em ambiente digital. To discuss and experiment the South-Korean news project OhmyNews International, this research uses complexity principles, software engineering and traditional journalism values – as well as it historic – to compose an initial agreement about open source journalism. Routes purposed are applied to empiric object through participatory observation, descriptive analysis and interviews to groups involved in deferent ways with project. The main goal of this research is the interaction between different people with news on digital environment.

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Engquist, Malin. "Kommunikation i storskaliga internetbaserade kurser : En kvalitativ studie om karaktären av den sociala interaktionen i diskussionsforum i xMOOCar." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234304.

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Storskaliga, öppna, internetbaserade kurser (MOOCar) introducerades år 2008 av George Siemens och Stephen Downes och deras popularitet har ökat ända sedan dess. Förespråkare av MOOCar påstår att de har en potential att möjliggöra livslångt lärande för människor från hela världen. Sedan de första kurserna har två olika former av MOOCar utvecklats, cMOOCar som har utvecklats utifrån lärandeteorin konnektivismen och xMOOCar som är relativt lika vanliga internetbaserade kurser med den skillnad att antalet kursdeltagare är mer eller mindre obegränsat. År 2016 anslöt sig MOOC initiativet från KungligaTekniska högskolan (KTHx) till edX, en undervisningsplattform för xMOOCar. Möjlighet till social interaktion med andra kursdeltagare och lärare erbjuds på edX i form av asynkrona diskussions forum. Forskning om hur den sociala interaktionen ter sig i diskussionsforumen och dess potential för att främja lärande är i dagsläget knapp. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka den sociala interaktionenskaraktär i två olika xMOOCar, en med självstyrd studietakt och en lärarledd. En ökad förståelse för den sociala interaktionen som för nuvarande äger rum i diskussionsforumen kan vara behjälplig för lärare vid utformningen av undervisningen i xMOOCar. Diskussionsforumen för två kurser av respektive kategori av xMOOC från KTHx om matematik och programmering ingår i denna undersökning. Både en konventionell innehållsanalys och en riktad innehållsanalys baserad på lärandeteorin undersökande gemenskap (CoI) har genomförts för att belysa olika aspekter av den sociala interaktionens karaktär och främjande av lärande i diskussions forumen. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att den sociala interaktionen är opersonlig och att kursdeltagarna initierar interaktionen för att få svar på frågor som huvudsakligen lärare besvarar genom att instruera eller informera. Det bildas ingen gemenskap och det uppvisas lägre nivåer av kognitiv närvaro i diskussionsforumen. För att främja lärande skulle diskussionsforumen istället kunna användas för att engagera de aktiva kursdeltagarna i diskussioner och lärarnas fokus kan förflyttas från att instruera och informera till att etablera en trygg miljö för interaktion. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were introduced in 2008 by George Siemens and Stephen Downes and their popularity has increased ever since. Advocates of MOOCs claim that they have the potential to enable lifelong learning for people all over the world. Since the first MOOC, two kinds of MOOCs have developed, cMOOCs that developed from the theory of learning, connectivism, and xMOOCs, which are relatively similar to usual online courses, with the difference that the number of participants is more or less unlimited. In 2016, the MOOC initiative from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTHx) joined edX, a teaching platform for xMOOCs. Opportunity for social interaction with other course participants and teachers is offered on edX in the form of asynchronous discussion forums. Research on the characterof the social interaction in the discussion forums and its potential for promoting learning in xMOOCs is currently limited. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the nature of social interaction in two different xMOOCs, one self-paced and one instructor-paced. An increased understanding of the current social interaction that is taking place in the discussion forums can be helpful to teachers in the design of teaching in xMOOCs. In this master thesis two discussion forums from courses of the respective categories of xMOOCs have been studied. Both a conventional content analysis and a directed contentanalysis based on the learning theory Community of Inquiry (CoI) have been conducted to highlight different aspects of the nature of the social interaction and how one may promote learning in the discussion forums. The result of the analysis shows that the social interaction in the discussion forums is impersonal and that the participants initiate the interaction by asking questions that are mainly answered by the teachers, by either instructing or informing. No community is formed and the discussion forums show lower levels of cognitive presence. In order to promote learning, discussion forums may be used to engage the active participants in discussions and it might be benificial if the teachers focused on establishing a safe environment for interaction, as opposed to focusing on instruction and informing.

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Wolfe, Jenn. "Examining the intersection of ideology, classroom climate, and pedagogy in creating open-forum discussions in secondary English classrooms." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10195737.

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The purpose of this study was to examine English teachers who were considered successful at encouraging the social exploration of literature. The rationale for this study was to gain a greater understanding of the beliefs and ideologies of English teachers who were able to create a classroom climate that support students open exploration and discussion of literature in order to better understand the teachers? beliefs and ideologies as well as the ways in which they constructed their classroom climate and selected pedagogical tools to facilitate students? participation in open-forum discussion. The following research questions informed my dissertation study: What are the underlying beliefs of teachers of who have been identified as successful at engaging students in the social exploration of literature for the purpose of making meaning? What features of classroom climate do teachers actively facilitate in order to encourage the social exploration of literature through inquiry and reflection? What are the pedagogical acts that the teachers engage in to create conditions for inquiry and reflection? This multi-case study examined two English teachers identified as successful at creating a classroom climates that supported the social construction of knowledge around literature for students of historically marginalized backgrounds. Classroom observations were conducted of each teacher in the study as well as two in-depth interviews of both teachers. Documents and artifacts that were available from the lessons were collected. The findings revealed that while both teachers held a reputation for successfully implementing the social exploration of literature with their students, one teacher was more successfully able to engage students in open forum discussions. The data also showed the significance of holding an asset mindset, authentic care, relations of reciprocity, assisted performance, and scaffolding in being able to successfully create a the conditions that supported the social exploration of literature.

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Kovacevic, Jovana. "Plateformes d'innovation ouverte (PIO) : la dynamique des discussions orientées innovation dans le Web Community Management." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED069.

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Dans le contexte de closed inbound innovation, comme une des pratiques de l'innovation ouverte, la qualité de la coordination informelle des salariées prend une place importante. Des idées innovantes peuvent apparaître à tout moment lors de nombreuses conversations formelles et informelles. La génération de concepts est un moment clé de processus d'innovation. De plus en plus d'entreprises impliquent ses salariées dans leurs processus d’innovation et, dans un certain nombre d’eux, les discussions entre les salariées sont organisées en ligne, grâce à des plateformes internes. Nous proposons ici d'explorer les discussions en ligne orientées innovation, que nous avons eu l'occasion de co-animé à travers la collaboration avec un cabinet de conseil. Les discussions en ligne orientées innovation ont été lancés dans le cadre d'une communauté en ligne des salariées afin de permettre à ses membres d'aller au-delà des discussions quotidiennes et d’explorer davantage une tendance ou une opportunité pour le groupe. Ce projet nous amène à étudier la dynamique d'une génération collaborative de concepts en ligne à l'étape d'idéation. Par conséquent, nous présentons trois séries de résultats: d’abord, nous décrivons la dynamique générale des discussions en ligne orientées innovation, ensuite les pratiques de Community Management dans le contexte, et enfin les caractéristiques de la dynamique collaborative de la génération de concepts. De plus, nous essayons d'établir un cadre général permettant l'analyse d'une conversation orientée innovation en ligne pour les chercheurs académiques. Cette recherche nous amène à discuter davantage des liens entre les plateformes d'innovation ouverte et l'organisation de l'innovation In the context of closed inbound innovation, as a form of open innovation practice, the quality of coordination among employees takes an important place. Innovative ideas can appear at any moment of the numerous formal and informal conversations. Concept generation is a key moment of upstream innovation processes. Thanks to internal web-platforms, in many organizations employees are integrated within the innovation processes and often, community discussions are organized on-line. We carry an empirical exploration by analyzing on-line, innovation-oriented, web community discussions that we have had the opportunity to co-animate throughout collaboration with a consulting firm. The innovation-oriented online discussions were launched in the context of an online community of employees to allow its members to go beyond daily discussions and further explore one trend or opportunity for the group. In this dissertation, we explore the dynamic of online collaborative concept generation at ideation stage. Therefore, we present three sets of results: firstly, we describe the general conversational dynamics of online innovation-oriented discussions, secondly contextualized community management practices, then the collaborative dynamics of concept generation. Finally, we try to establish a general framework enabling the analysis of an online innovation-oriented conversation. This research leads us to further discuss the links between open innovation platforms and the innovation organization

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Cunha, Leandro Dias. "Controlabilidade de sistemas de hardware para computação quântica: definição do problema e discussão de aspectos analíticos e numéricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-21032017-103535/.

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Este trabalho possui como tema principal o estudo da dinâmica de sistemas quânticos da perspectiva da teoria de sistemas dinâmicos, em particular, do ponto de vista da teoria de controle. Os principais tópicos abordados são (i) a análise da controlabilidade dos sistemas quânticos em dimensão finita e infinita e (ii) a teoria generalizada de medição de sistemas quânticos com o objetivo de obter as equações diferenciais estocásticas associadas a sistemas submetidos a processos de medição contínuos. Com relação à controlabilidade de sistemas dinâmicos quânticos fechados em dimensão finita resgatamos da literatura os resultados, já consolidados, da aplicação da teoria de grupos e álgebras de Lie aos essa classe de sistemas dinâmicos. Em dimensão infinita, a aplicação direta das técnicas de controle geométrico já não ocorre diretamente. Em espaços de estados de dimensão infinita as técnicas de análise matemática devem ser mais sofisticadas, há problemas relacionados à convergência e problemas relacionados a operadores não limitados. Os principais resultados conhecidos da literatura são apresentados e suas limitações são discutidas. Realizamos em seguida uma analogia entre sistemas clássicos lineares e sistemas dinâmicos quânticos de dimensão infinita cuja dinâmica é restrita a uma álgebra de operadores auto adjuntos comutativa. Observamos também que a controlabilidade de alguns sistemas quânticos em dimensão infinita está associada a Hamiltonianos não lineares. Notamos, em particular, que os sistemas quânticos comutativos estão associados a operadores não lineares. Com relação à teoria de medição de sistemas quânticos, partimos da teoria de sistemas quânticos abertos para a obtenção da equação dinâmica que rege a evolução dos sistemas não conservativos. Em paralelo, realizamos uma análise da descrição matemáticas dos experimentos de medição em sistemas quânticos desde os postulados de medição ortogonal até a descrição de processos de medição contínuos. Observamos que a equação de Schrödinger estocástica associada a um processo de medição contínuo possui como gerador infinitesimal um Hamiltoniano não linear no operador auto adjunto associado ao observável. Realizamos em seguida uma discussão a respeito das implicações de processos de medição contínuos na dinâmica de sistemas quânticos, analisando possíveis impactos em sua controlabilidade. Analisamos também o caso particular de sistemas quânticos cujos operadores associados a sua dinâmica e a seus observáveis estão restritos a uma mesma álgebra comutativa. Concluímos com sugestões de trabalhos futuros relacionados controlabilidade em dimensão infinita e a à dinâmica de sistemas quânticos sujeitos a medição. The main theme of this work is to study the dynamics of quantum systems from the perspective of the theory of dynamical systems, in particular, from the point of view of control theory. The main topics covered are (i) the analysis of controllability of quantum systems in finite and infinite dimensions and (ii) the general theory of measurement of quantum systems in order to get to the stochastic differential equations associated with systems subject to continuous measurement. Regarding the controllability of closed quantum dynamical systems in finite dimension, the standard results from the literature were presented: the application of group theory and Lie algebra to this class of dynamical systems. In infinite dimensions, the direct application of geometric control techniques is no longer possible. In infinite dimensional state spaces the mathematical analysis techniques need to be more sophisticated, there are problems related to convergence and issues related to unbounded operators. The main results known from the literature were presented and their limitations discussed. Then an analogy was performed between linear classical systems and infinite dimensional quantum dynamical systems whose dynamics is restricted to a commutative algebra of self adjoint operators. We also note that the controllability of some quantum systems in infinite dimension is associated with nonlinear Hamiltonians. We note, in particular, that the commutative quantum systems are associated with nonlinear operators. With respect to the measurement theory of quantum systems, we start in the structure of the theory of open quantum systems in order to obtain the dynamical equation governing the evolution of non-conservative systems. In parallel, we conducted an analysis of the mathematical description of the measurement experiments in quantum systems from the orthogonal measurement postulates to the description of continuous measurement. We noted that the stochastic Schrödinger equation associated with a continuous measurement process has as its infinitesimal generator a Hamiltonian nonlinear in the self-adjoint operator associated with the observable. Then a discussion about the implications of continuous measurement processes in the dynamics of quantum systems was conducted, analyzing possible impacts on its controllability. We also looked at the particular case of quantum systems whose operators associated with their dynamics and their observable are restricted to the same commutative algebra. We cluded with suggestions for future work related to controllability in infinite dimension and the dynamics of quantum systems subjected to measurement processes.

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Lee, Ching-Tian, and 李景田. "A comparative study of open discussion on Liaozhai Zhiyi and Yuewei Cottage Notes." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48432483118455494442.

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FAN-JIANG, Shi-yan, and 范姜士彥. "Discussion on the use of open-source software RTKLIB continuous GPS Earth Science Applications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yp54us.

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碩士 國立中正大學 應用地球物理研究所 104 Continuous GPS array (array) is a structural deformation monitoring activities in recent years, one effective tool. Taiwan's existing high-density continuous GPS array, after the earthquake is often used to calculate earthquakes with seismic displacement, more follow-up can be used to assist in solving the focal mechanism and dynamic model inversion to body work. RTKLIB many GPS solver software as an open source free software, including general GPS / GNSS data processing and basic navigation functions. The software itself is not designed for earth science applications to develop, but with a graphical interface, easy to install, easy to operate, and other characteristics. Earth sciences and general common professional software, such GAMIT / GLOBK (GG), Bernese GPS have inexpensive, easy to obtain, simple operational advantages; and GIPSY, CSRS-PPP online software compared to more controllable parameters, batch processing , through the Internet can not be solver advantage, this advantage is particularly conducive to teaching. In this study, three spindle research, the use of the first part and GG RTKLIB solver Mino earthquake before and after the three-day continuous GPS data to observations with seismic displacement effect, the result was calculated using RTKLIB solution each station COSEISMIC GG Solutions displacement of the stations correlation coefficients above 0.8, goodness of fit is quite good, and the use of high-frequency data RTKLIB solver can clearly caught with horizontal seismic phenomenon; the second part of the real-time location using RTKLIB program can effectively monitor the station information field, and has a record of navigational functions, official statement can reach mm level accuracy in the horizontal direction; the third part selected three continuous GPS stations Chiayi area to RTKLIB precise point positioning Solutions Operators of these three test stand 2013 data, and the use of GG and two online solver software (GIPSY, CSRS-PPP) to be verified, as the use of GG true value point of view, RTKLIB the solutions of 2013 and the velocity field not ideal, it is the most consistent GIPSY followed CSRS-PPP. This study shows that during the short period of time RTKLIB single baseline solution with high-frequency seismic displacement and seismic observation data signal count solution, the performance is quite good, and the software itself is open source, free of charge, under the operating conditions can facilitate in the real-time location achieve experiment mm level, but for a long time velocity field estimate the magnitude of the change in the daily solution is too large, and there is a half anniversary of the noise not eliminated, in this experiment did not do the filtering process, leading the whole velocity field in the wrong direction.

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TAI, FANG-YU, and 戴方榆. "Discussion of the motivation and obstruction on the open water diver to advanced diver." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37n2b2.

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碩士 真理大學 休閒遊憩事業學系碩士班 105 Scuba diving is one of the fastest growing activities in the world now, although the diving certificated population grows year by year, but receiving advanced education is less. The purpose of diving education is to hope that divers will continue to carry out diving activities and receive advanced education and dive everywhere after obtaining a license. And the reasons for continuing to engage in activities are to be interest, fun and other intrinsic motivation to support the individual to participate in the driving force behind the activities. The study was conducted in an interview manner to understand the motivations and constraints that divers continued to receive diving education and continued recreational diving activities. The results showed that the incentive for open water divers to learn continually should be fun and interesting in the process. The instructor must be solid in teaching so that the learning divers feel comfortable and skillful. The dive centers and coaches should hold regular courses and activities to provide more choice of open-warter divers and time arrangements to attract them to continue diving and learning. When diving costs are set, the dive center and coach must measure a reasonable price, so that consumers can accept, while with the promotional program to increase learning will. Second, build a community network to contact divers to share different diving experiences and travel information. Teaching in accordance with standards should befollowed, so that the openwater diver learning process will be safe and complete. According to Crawford and Godbey (1987), constraints is divided into individual internal constraint (psychological fear, physical fear), interpersonal comstraint (lack of peers) and structural constraint (work and work factors, traffic away, money worries, distrust coaches and Lack of good learning quality). According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that: 1. The dive center can carry out the renovation project and adding the II innovative and interesting thinking to the diver's learning effect and safety. 2. Future studies can increase the training process and follow-up diving motivations. 3. The dive centers and instructors can pay more attention to the needs of openwater divers, timely provision of related services.

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Lien, Hsiao-Chi, and 連筱琪. "Observation and discussion of thermal comfort and the user behavior in urban open spaces." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ucpq3.

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碩士 國立中興大學 景觀與遊憩碩士學位學程 101 Recently, people spend their leisure time in urban open spaces because of the increasing requirements of recreational activities. Thermal environments are closely related to people’s perceptions and preferences and influence the use of outdoor spaces. Many previous studies have confirmed that the temperature directly affect the number of users to public spaces such as plaza and park. Consequently, comfortable thermal environments have become extremely important in urban open spaces. This study aims to investigate the microscopic behavior pattern concept method, in order to understand the micro-climate on people''s recreation space, thermal comfort and adaptation behavior, for in Taichung, Taiwan''s National Museum of Natural Science model of DNA ladder outdoor garden sitting area microclimate physical environment measurements, records and photographic observation of the dynamic behavior of the user. Purpose is to discuss the open space in the city, if the sunshine and shadow areas exist, the different seasons, age, sex, and other recreational purposes, people open area for both the choice of location, residence time, and in the dynamic whether the activities to be associated with static or differences. The results showed that people will prefer shade or shelter in the shadow of rest, are displayed in the hot and humid climate zones in Taiwan, people because of past experience and anticipated psychological climate, sunshine produce different degree of preference for people in temperate countries, illustrates the different climatic zones because of the thermal environment people experience, expectations and cognitive factors produce differences in thermal comfort and adaptability. Furthermore, the study of people and outdoor recreational behavior of the thermal environment relations in the sunshine at people more likely to have short-term dynamic behavior, on the contrary, in the shade and is able to have a long stay static behavior. The results are displayed in different seasons and sitting area, one might as physical comfort and psychological adaptation and produce different patterns of behavior, people with open space cool shade of preference, at high temperatures is more significant. Expected results of this study will be used as outdoor space planning and design future reference, in order to improve the utilization of urban open space.

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Hung, Wen-Ching, and 洪文檠. "Discussion on the Problems of Public Engineering Technology Service in the Implementation of Open Contract Type." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yvfszv.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 土木工程學研究所 105 In recent years, government agencies to open the contract type, to implement the public works design and supervision of technical services, there are more and more trends, including not only post-disaster rescue, repair and rehabilitation projects, general routine maintenance, maintenance work, Even the annual scheduled implementation, the planned or future possible new projects, are also open technology services range. The organizer can obtain the technical service provided by the technical service provider for the whole year or for a long time through the bidding procedure. With the features of unit price and the advantages of high mobility and high execution efficiency, many institutions will like to adopt it increasingly, the scope of its application is also more and more wide, if the project Construction part, also use the open contract type for the implementation of the efficiency of the project case, it is a multiplication effect. However, due to the current requirements for open technical services, it’s very few, many organizers in the preparation of tender documents, because there is no relevant laws and standards reference, so they play, or copied to copy, so that the implementation phase, easy to derivative Controversy and problems, and even violate the principle of fair and reasonable government procurement; open technical services have considerable advantages, but also need to pay special attention to the matter, the study will be through literature, case analysis and expert interviews and other methods to find and analyze The current opening of technical services to the implementation of the problems, and proposed countermeasures for the relevant personnel reference.

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WU, SHIN-DA, and 吳信達. "Discussion on Execution of Open Contracts Type for Public Works-an example for New Taipei City." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9m88b5.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 土木工程系土木與防災碩士班 107 This article Exploring the evolution of the open contract type of public works and the practical problems in its implementation, In recent years, government agencies and engineering units mostly use open contracts Type for procurement, all on to central unit down to the municipal governments of counties counties and procurement of commissioned technical services at the grassroots township district office and procurement of public works facilities maintenance,In particular, there are many types of procurement in the district township public housing project.Including road improvement、road auxiliary facilities、street light repair、rainwater dredging water conservancy facility、remediation and disaster recovery if it is based on the needs of the site purchasing on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the government procurement Law and other administrative practices inevitably increase the purchasing authority quite manpower, time at the same time reduce administrative timeliness. through a one-time procurement operation obtain the service of the manufacturer for a certain period of time, the government improves the administrative efficiency of public facilities maintenance. In view of this, public works are increasingly frequent in the form of open contracts, wide range of uses, however, the public works committee has not yet established a basic contract model for general open-ended contracts, in addition to the development of a disaster engineering contract model, rovides the purchase institution use, the rest have no relevant laws and regulations, difficult to unify and respond to needs,from time to time in the procurement process, the issue of compliance disputes, derived from many of performance management problems and problems. This study only discusses to open contracts type in the xinbei urban office、practice contract management. Inductive practice and phenomena of open contracts type, this study discovery and countermeasures, Improving the Rationality and applicability of Practical Implementation of open Purchasing Contracts,for the reference of relevant personnel.

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Zeng, Hao-min, and 曾浩珉. "A description and characterization of help seeker activity and response in open, online discussion: A case study." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ec26qe.

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碩士 國立中央大學 數學系 102 Help-seeking is a part of learning process, there may have some obstacles of help-seeking during the traditional class and after school. Internet has grown rapidly that across restrict of time and space which provide help-seeker an favorable environment. We collected 100 discussion topics introduced the help-seeker in the performance of the way and the resulting response. We found that although BBS is a pure texture system, but is an active exchange of information. Goodness of fit chi-square test revealed there was significantly different of response between the effort help-seeking and non-effort help-seeking. In addition to recommending students use open online forums and, in the process of help-seeking should be more initiative and self-regulated performance, so in today's favorable conditions for the rapid development of the Internet more beneficially.

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Luoh, Yu-Chen, and 駱又誠. "“Out of the Box” - A Discussion of the Open/Complex Form in Architectural Design since Late Modernism." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zsygz5.

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博士 淡江大學 土木工程學系博士班 104 “Out of the box” is a common adverb typically used to describe nonconforming, original, creative behaviors, actions, or thinking. In this context, the “box” does not necessarily exist. However, when used in the architectural domain, specifically modern architecture (or architecture of modernism) and the underlying development of the architectural domain, the “box” is used as a pun, a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings. In the current context, the 21st century, when this study was conducted, returning to the “box” and exploring how one should think “out of the box” are perhaps a potential path and point of view from which to discuss and regress architectural space and form theories. The discussion provided in this study was based on several dimensions and perspectives. First, after the traditional vanishing-point architectural perspective was discarded following the relaxation of visual perspectives regardinglate modern architectural space, it initiated a cascade of spatial revolution and experiential development since the emergence of modern architecture. Second, since the industrial revolution, factories have concentrated on mass production and cultural accumulation, which contributed to the development of systematic, standard, and procedural operations for creating architectural space and forms. However, these characteristics in fact provided a platform and opportunity for subsequent spatial research and operations to integrate structural theories. Finally, in a globalized, social-networking environment that is stimulated by digital technologies, architectural domain has deviated from focusing on only narrative discourse and shifted toward a multidimensional network connection, presenting open and dynamic features. As a result, architectural theories and narrations have advanced toward diversification and fragmentation. In the current era where “keywords” are essential, architectural spaces have developed toward featuring open and diverging forms, smooth and flat forms, or compact and flexible forms—all of which are the architectural patterns presented before our eyes. A review of the crossover period between the 19th and 20th Centuries showed that architectural narrations were just as diverse as those of the present era and the modern architecture was plagued by mismatching and perturbing forms. By contrast, architectural spaces in the current era are filled with architectural déjà vu. Space and forms are ultimately the core elements governed by architectural designs and dimensions designers and artists must confront. In light of this phenomenon, we must return to the primitive “box,” the origin of inspirations, and from thereon, walk “out of the box,” spread out, and disassemble one by one…

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Wang, Di-Yang, and 王荻揚. "Study of Open-Angle Glaucoma and the influence of Pressure on the Optic Disc of different cup distribution Discussion." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19128043966150074483.

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碩士 淡江大學 機械與機電工程學系碩士班 104 This study explores open-angle glaucoma and its Pathogenesis to create the whole Numerical model and Mechanical analysis. Open-angle glaucoma is caused by pathological changes of trabecular meshwork. Intraocular aqueous fluid will be stuck and intraocular pressure will increase in both anterior and posterior chamber. Then, intraocular pressure of posterior chamber diffuses and oppress optic disc, causes the blurring and disability of sight. This study apply two software, 3D Design software PROE and Finite element method simulation software ANSYS, to create mode and related simulation of open-angle glaucoma. This simulation analysis helps us to understand pressure distribution of glaucoma and where the stress gathers in different Cup-disc ratio. This study analyzes stress distribution in different Cup-disc ratio of open-angle glaucoma. I do different researches based on Cup-disc ratio degree from 0.3 to 0.7. Under the same condition, I find from degree 0.3 to 0.7, surface depression shows that stress tends to get close to optic disc. Besides, where the stress gathers differs in different surface depression, so I also conduct numerical analysis based on different stress-gathering section. The result of analyzing open-angle glaucoma can help the patient understand more about the cause of open-angle glaucoma. In addition, because Cup-disc ratio degree is the main cause of open-angle glaucoma, this study can also offer simulated data of reference value in medical use in the future.

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DO, THI KIM ANH, and 杜氏金英. "Discussion of The Design of Massive Open Online Courses Model: A Case Study of \"Attack! Big Data Analysis Practice\" Course." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5k9z8z.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 資訊與財金管理系 106 A major purpose of this study is to discuss the design of massive open online courses. Currently, with the rapid development of digital technology, massive open online courses have become a revolution in education. Massive open online courses called MOOCs which uses the internet to conduct the study. It helps leaners can do distance learning. It has become a popular method of learning in recent years. This study used the "Attack! Big data analysis practice" course in the EWANT platform as a case study to conduct data analysis. The object of this study are learners of this course, their study behaviours are observed and analyzed. The questionnaires are distributed to the course’s designer. This study is to discuss the interrelationship of three characteristics (contains interactivity, example instructions, difficulty) and effectiveness of learning (contains PDF views, video views and learner’s achievement). From the analyzed results, this study are useful for researchers, teachers, and staff who need to design the MOOCs course model. Thereby, the content MOOCs course will be improved, then effectiveness of MOOCs learning courses is better. The results of this study found that three characteristics are interactivity, example instructions and difficulty. The characteristics affect to the effectiveness of online learning. The difficulty and example instructions will affect to PDF views, video views and learner’s achievement; the interactivity will affect to PDF views.

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Kao, Jui-Sung, and 高瑞松. "A Structure Analysis of Political Call-in Television Programs: A Study of "2100 People Speak - Open Discussion on the Election"." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56508883348276395289.

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碩士 國立交通大學 傳播研究所 84 The main purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of political call-in television programs from the perspective of structural funtctionalism. The focus includes the gate-keeping process by the moderator, the politial persuasion of the guests and the response of the audiences. 　　This study was based on the television program-2100 People Speak produced by TVBS during the third legislator election. Eleven episodes, including 4 show-ins and 7 call-ins, were randomly selected from the total 35 episodes and content analyzed. 　　The research results include: 　　1. The moderator showed no political preferences. 　　2. The persuasive strategies of the three parties, the KMT, the DPP and the NP, were significantly different from one another. 　　3.The audiences'' comment to the three parties were significantly different. 　　4.The atmosphere of discussion was influenced by the type of program, election date and issues of discussion. 　　The results suggested that the media offer the public a fair and objective opportunity to expres their complaints about the society, which maintains social stability, Howerer, it is noteworthy that: (1)there is a difference between media reality and social reality; (2)it is difficult to keep show-in programs undercontrol; (3)the public''s opinion could be easily manipulated and distorted.

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Chen, Liang Yu, and 陳亮伃. "The Discussion of the Museum Exhibition Extension from the Open View Space: A Case Study of the National Museum of Natural Science." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65026458189812956572.

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碩士 國立臺南藝術大學 博物館學研究所 93 With the period of cultural tourism coming, the quality of the contemporary recreation promotes immediately. It no longer pursues the incitement of the sense, and changes to value the cultural content and depth, which consumers interact with to get a great feedback. Therefore, many cultural industries revive not only, but also alight the vitality of evening industries again. The contemporary museum that is one part of cultural industries should not diverge from the current of times. Under the influence of the contemporary museum trend, an open view space plays the rather important role when the museum expands outward. But by analyzing the usage of substantial spaces, we could find that the most points about related researches concentrate still in the behaviors of audiences in the open spaces and the function that assists the museum operation and enhances the entertainment. Relatively, it neglects the function of the museum exhibition. Even though the essence of an exhibition is the basic function of museums, it is shown less in the open view space of the mostly traditional museum. In the meantime, it loses the chance to provide another emotional experience for audiences without the alternative stage. However, in regard to the norm of a museum exhibition outside, the open space functions not only as entertainment or marketing, but also be a part of museum exhibition space. While exceeding the new period of the museum, the usage about exhibitions in the open view space has already become one of the important topics of the museum field solemnly. Adapting to the development of various museums, it presents diverse niches of appearances in the open view spaces. What are the messages among them? Premising to the goals of the development of the museum, what should the museum department do to combine the subjects and to display the ideas in the open view space? These subjects are all main points of this research. It founds data on the results of the case study of the National Museum of Natural Science, and discusses the extension of the museum exhibition according to the messages of the exhibition in open view space.

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Olwagen, Carin. "Integrating psychology and spirituality to open up discussion on spiritual identity and its effects on the whole person in a counselling context." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26963.

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Bibliography: leaves 127-134 Integrating psychology and spirituality to open up discussion on spiritual identity and its effects on the whole person was birthed in a counselling context, as individuals sought answers for various problems, having an effect on their psychological and spiritual well-being. The body, soul and spirit approach unfolded, as we explored their identity, more specifically, their spiritual identity, thus integrating psychology and spirituality. The aim was to explore how the discovery of their spiritual identity had an effect on them holistically. I chose a qualitative research design because my research questions required the collection and analysis of rich, in-depth data regarding participants’ psychological and spiritual journeys (Phipps, & Vorster, 2011; Ryan, 2006). My data collection method was twofold, using both in-depth interviews (narrative storytelling), as the initial stage for the individual to tell their story and the effects on their psychological and spiritual well-being, as well as semi-structured interviews (brainstorming), as the second stage in the research. The objective was to see what effects the problem had on them as a whole person. I used two stages of data analysis to reach this objective namely a collaborative deconstruction technique, together with the individual as the first stage and secondly a thematic analysis to interpret the main messages, patterns that repeated, as well as the highlights, having an effect on them as a whole. The results confirmed that individuals “discover” their spiritual identity when their self-identity reaches a limit of coping with problems and have more positive effects on them as whole persons. The significance of the research is that it has contributed to a more integrated counselling approach, within psychology, for counsellors and psychologists, to explore spiritual identity with the individual. Through the integration of seeing individuals as whole beings, including a spiritual dimension, awareness was created within the counselling context of the value of seeing individuals in a more integrative and holistic manner. Such a psycho-spiritual integrative approach is more relevant in the field of counselling in journeying with individuals in wholeness and affecting their dimensions of body, soul and spirit positively in the context of identity. Psychology M.A. (Psychology)

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CHEN, LI-RONG, and 陳立榮. "Discussion on New Product Development of Service Industry Based on Open Innovation and Knowledge-Based View- Take the Taiwan Convenience Store as an Example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38uyv3.

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碩士 銘傳大學 企業管理學系碩士在職專班 106 With fierce competition in the global business environment and companies facing shorter product life cycles and ever-changing competitors’ products, open innovation has become a powerful tool for companies to enhance their ability to innovate; specifically, under open innovation. The company uses internal and external knowledge resources to transform new ideas into commercial products and services that combine internal and external organization. It emphasizes that the same domain or cross-border domain seeks cooperation so that enterprises can invest more with less resources. The effectiveness of the output. When the innovative enterprise has limited internal resources and product complexity and novelty, if it can cooperate with external resource enterprises, it can provide more flexible and valuable knowledge and resources for innovative enterprises. When working with external resource companies, they will have sufficient knowledge and resources to reduce the risks that may arise when innovation activities are carried out. This study uses CITY CAFE and ibon convenience living station as a case study. This study analyzes and discusses the use of case-based interviews as primary data and supplemented by secondary data to explore the application of open innovation and knowledge-based view. The impact of the new product development performance of the service industry, and then deduced the applicability of the verification theory. Through case studies, the results of this study show that when case products adopt open innovation as the main business strategy and interact with knowledge-based view frequently, they do affect the performance of new product development; this research result can provide other convenience store service providers. Combining an open innovation, knowledge-based view, and new product development as an effective reference model, it can also allow it to introduce open innovation companies, understand its context and application areas, and strengthen its competitiveness.

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Gamache, Étienne. "La diminution des espaces ouverts en Israël depuis 1948 : exploration et discussion des facteurs contribuant à un problème de société." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4618.

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Le présent mémoire se penche sur la diminution des espaces ouverts en Israël, un problème environnemental considéré comme l’un des plus importants par les organisations environnementales de ce pays. La situation est particulièrement préoccupante depuis le début des années 1990 alors que la superficie occupée par ces espaces s’est réduite significativement. Les craintes liées à cette évolution se sont traduites par l’implantation de plans nationaux d’aménagement visant expressément à concentrer le développement futur du pays au sein des quatre principales régions métropolitaines (Tel-Aviv, Jérusalem, Haïfa, Beer-Sheva) de manière à préserver de façon optimale les espaces ouverts restants. Plusieurs facteurs sont responsables de cette perte d’espaces ouverts. Ainsi, l’un des objectifs cet ouvrage consiste à identifier ces facteurs de même qu’à analyser dans quelle mesure ils ont influé. Par ailleurs, ce mémoire fait le point sur l’évolution de la superficie des espaces ouverts au fil des années. Finalement, le dernier chapitre aborde les enjeux actuels quant à la conservation des espaces ouverts israéliens et souligne quelques solutions proposées afin d’accroître leur protection pour le futur. Afin de dresser un portrait complet de la situation, la période étudiée s’étend de 1948, année de fondation de l’État d’Israël, à 2010. This research examines the loss of open space in Israel, one of the most acute environmental problems facing this country, according to several Israeli environmental organizations. This situation is peculiarly ominous since the beginning of the 1990s while the area occupied by open space has decreased significantly. Fears linked to the proliferation of built area have led to the implementation of national outline plans (NOP 31, NOP 35) which aim specifically to concentrate future development into the main metropolitan regions (Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, Beersheba) to ensure that the remaining open spaces will be protected optimally. Several factors are responsible for the loss of open space in Israel. Thus, one of the research objectives is to identify and analyze how these factors have influenced the extent of open spaces. Furthermore, this research provides an update of the open spaces’ evolution over the years. Finally, the last chapter discusses the current issues regarding open space as well as some solutions to enhance its protection. In order to obtain a thorough picture of the situation, the temporal field of this study spans from 1948, founding year of the State of Israel, to 2010.

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Chu, Yu-ting, and 朱祐廷. "A Study of the Political Regime Reform under Relationship between Ruling Party and Government Construction after the Reforms and Open Up of the Chinese Communist Party-Discussion of Central Committee’s Work Report." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89286613956928760121.

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碩士 東吳大學 政治學系 93 Since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had established the political power. The biggest transformation was the modernization of socialism in 1978. It also opened the prologue which the CCP reform. Actually, the most important thing was political regime reform. Because many factors created the CCP unified leadership result, and the unified leadership also appears the ruling party and government not to divide and other disadvantage. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping took reforms the party and the national leadership system as the starting point, to solve the problem the ruling party and government did not divide in his political regime reform conception. Deng Xiaoping's conception also carried out in the 12th and 13th CCP Congress political reports. The most important concept was the separation of ruling party and government. Because there were many unstable factors in domestic and overseas to challenge CCP ruling status after 13th CCP Congress. And the conception separation of ruling party and government was over. To take it over was Jiang Zemin’s conception party's ruling ability in 14th CCP Congress to 16th CCP Congress. From separation of ruling party and government to promote the ruling ability, the problem ruling party and government did not divide still exists. Why were there such of transition, it was worth to investigate. In addition, the political reports from 12th CCP Congress to 16th CCP Congress was active to solve the problem that ruling party and government did not divide and just in different way. In result, the problem that the ruling party and government did not divide still existed. Now we can see the process of reforms and open up period, the relationship between ruling party and government truly changed. But the results could not be very satisfied by all of us.

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Baloyi, Gezani Phineas. "Learner support in open and distance learning context : a case study of ABET programmes at the University of South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11888.

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The recent global growth and popularity of open and distance learning (ODL) has been attributed to its advantages, such as flexibility for students who wish to study while working. Moreover, ODL is an effective tool in extending participation to students from less privileged social groups who are unreachable due to geographic location or cannot access higher education due to diverse factors, such as financial constraints or domestic arrangements. In the light of this, this study investigated learner support in the Department of Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) at the University of South Africa (Unisa), the largest, dedicated ODL institution in South Africa. A review of literature identified the Community of Inquiry model proposed by Garrison, Anderson and Archer (2001) as useful in this context and I used it as a conceptual framework for the empirical inquiry that I undertook. A mixed method approach comprising two consecutive phases was employed to investigate the research questions. A self-designed questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data from a random sample of 400 students registered for the ABET Diploma module (Phase One) followed by face to face interviews with selected lecturers and students (Phase Two). The scope of the study was limited to ABET lecturers, ABET diploma students and to selected Unisa learner support systems, such as myUnisa which includes a web-based discussion forum. The findings of the inquiry were presented and discussed under three main headings: the findings of Phase One, the findings of Phase Two and a summary in which the findings of the two phases were integrated where appropriate. The themes that emerged from the questionnaire and the interviews demonstrate clearly that learner support in the ABET Department is crucial in ensuring learner success. Interlinking themes are as follows: the context of the students, levels of computer literacy, accessibility of Unisa learner support systems, student motivation and time management. Many ABET students live in remote areas of the country and have little or no access to internet facilities. However, the majority of students agreed that they would like to interact more with other students through myUnisa in future. Lecturers and students agreed that myUnisa was a vital tool in teaching the students online; yet both students and lecturers still regarded contact discussion classes as the most important form of learner support. The findings suggested that the distance between the university and the student still has to be reduced more to ensure that student support reaches all students equitably. Curriculum and Instructional Studies D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

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Kovacevic, Jovana. "Plateformes d'innovation ouverte (PIO) : la dynamique des discussions orientées innovation dans le Web Community Managment." Thesis, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED069/document.

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