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1
Eccles, David. "Cognition in orienteering." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341183.
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Muthuswamy, Shanthi. "Discrete particle swarm optimization algorithms for orienteering and team orienteering problems." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Creagh, Una B. "Physiological stresses in female orienteering." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319849.
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Kvåle, Hans Jørgen. "Competition preparation by terrain simulation in orienteering : Can terrain simulation of an embargoed terrain improve performance in orienteering?" Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2954.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to examine if simulating an unknown competition terrain with the computer game Catching Features improved orienteers performance in the real terrain compared to a terrain they had not simulated. Method This study examined the effect of simulation by asking elite level orienteers to simulate an unknown terrain with a computer programme for approximately one hour per day, for six days prior to an orienteering test. The participants were divided into two matched groups and one group simulated one forest terrain while the other group simulated another forest terrain. On the test day the participants ran one course in each forest terrain, in a crossover-type design. Results This study shows that simulation of an unknown terrain did not statistically significant increase an orienteers performance, however it had a small effect on orienteering and navigational performance indices. The use of simulation also had a large impact on how well the participants felt they prepared for the race. Conclusions Although simulation of an unknown terrain increases an orienteer’s self-rating of prior knowledge of the terrain, there was no clear improvement in race performance. Terrain simulation had a small effect on navigational performance, possibly at the cost of a slower running speed. This may have been as a result of an increased awareness of the difficulty to relocate in the terrain after simulation, which may have prompted orienteers to try to follow a more detailed terrain model to avoid navigational errors. Following a more detailed model may have cost them as much time as they gained from not making mistakes and this resulted in no change in race performance. In the flat terrain that was tested there were not many challenging route choices and it was not possible to detect any effect on the route choice performance by simulation.
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Thiruvengadam, Nirupama. "Computerized simulations for introductory geography instruction: orienteering." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020350/.
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Scioletti, Michael S. "A heuristic algorithm for optimized routing of unmanned aerial systems for the interdiction of improvised explosive devices." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483643.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Royset, Johannes O. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on September 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-43). Also available in print.
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Ali, Mohamed Iqram. "Wireless mesh networking for the Outdoor Sports (Orienteering)." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52878.
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Orienteering is played at different terrain lands. Competitors are allowed to carry a topograph-ical map and a magnetic compass. Map has standard signs and sequence of number signifies as the check points one who accomplish all the check points in sequence in shortest period of time is a winner and it requires good map navigational skill. Real time online analysis of orienteering sports is the one still doesn’t exist and tracking orienteering competitors is challenging thing to implement using passive RFID wireless mesh network. Tracking the competitors using wireless mesh network makes this sport attractive and interesting to global online viewers. Existing devices provides only the offline analysis. This will allow viewers to view live progress of participants’ positions. Currently existing available systems for monitoring Orienteering competitors unable to facilitate online analysis feature so this feature is easier for spectators to track the competitor’s position. In this project, I described about my implementation, designing and testing of designed wire-less mesh hardware device to NEP AB Company and this device can be used in other outdoor sports for tracking the competitors and also be used in other tracking applications like mili-tary, medical and asset tracking. Wireless device is implemented using two ISM band 915MHz and 434MHz lowest frequency is to cover the longest range. Hardware device designed, which communicate from one node to other node performs receiv-ing, transmitting and forwarding the packet. I defined the protocol standard which is com-pliance of IEEE 805.15.4 for the WPAN the communication pattern is to provide reliable and robust communication between the transmitter and receiver. Idea is to print the passive 13.56 MHz RFID tag behind the map, so competitors no need to carry anything apart from map and compass. Instead of RFID reader, in this project I have given the interrupt from the button and integrate reader part is considered as the future work. Passive RFID and wireless mesh network is the emerging field and reliable way of tracking competitors. In which data collected from the each check point with real-time data transmis-sion and all nodes information is monitored from the main control unit. This thesis describes a functional prototype of device which is used in tracking the outdoor sports competitors and the main target is to track the Orienteering competitors in the terrain land.
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Dunn, Jeffrey Scott. "Scheduling underway replenishment as a generalized orienteering problem." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23768.
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VIANA, FRANCISCO HENRIQUE DE FREITAS. "MODELS AND ALGORITHMS TO THE TEAM ORIENTEERING PROBLEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19542@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O Team Orienteering Problem é um problema de roteamento de veículos
sobre um grafo com durações associadas aos arcos e prêmios atribuídos à
visitação de cada vértice. Neste problema, considera-se que as visitas são
realizadas por uma frota com um número fixo de veículos idênticos e que
existe uma duração total máxima para as rotas serem finalizadas. Cada
vértice pode ser visitado no máximo uma vez, não havendo obrigatoriedade
de se visitar todos os vértices, devido à restrição que limita o tempo m´aximo
de duração das rotas. O objetivo do problema é maximizar o prêmio total
ganho por todas as rotas. Neste trabalho, foram propostas duas abordagens:
uma exata e uma heurística. Na abordagem exata, foi desenvolvida uma
formulação baseada em arcos e uma formulação estendida na qual cada
arco tem um índice extra. Esse índice representa o tempo de partida de um
veículo ao percorrer o arco. Através de transformações sobre a formulação
estendida, foi obtida uma formulação, cuja relaxação, problema mestre
restrito, foi resolvida pela técnica de geração de colunas. O subproblema
de geração de colunas foi resolvido por programação dinâmica em tempo
pseudo-polinomial. Este algoritmo gera rotas não elementares, que são rotas
nas quais subciclos são permitidos. Com o objetivo de eliminar os subciclos
das rotas não elementares, uma nova classe de desigualdades denominada
min cut foi proposta. Aplicando-se um algoritmo Branch-Cut-and-Price
(BCP) foram obtidos alguns novos limites superiores. A abordagem exata
obteve resultados competitivos quando comparada ao melhor algoritmo
exato já proposto para esse problema. Na abordagem heurística, além de
uma vizinhança k-opt, foi explorada também uma busca elipsoidal que
adiciona um corte à formulação do algoritmo Branch-Cut-and-Price. Esse
novo corte reduz o espa¸co de busca a uma vizinhança em torno de um
conjunto de soluções conhecidas. Essa busca é utilizada como um operador
de crossover executado em todas as iterações de um algoritmo evolutivo.
Essa abordagem converge em um tempo computacional razoável e encontra
soluções ótimas ou próximas da ótima para algumas instâncias da literatura.<br>Team Orienteering Problem is a vehicle routing problem on a graph with
durations associated to the arcs and profits assigned to visiting the vertices.
In this problem, a fleet with a fixed number of identical vehicles performs
the visitations and there is a limited total duration for the routes to be
ended up. Each vertex can be visited at most once and the solution does
not have the obligation to visit all vertices, due to the constraint that limits
the maximum duration of routes. The goal of the problem is to maximize
the total profit gathered by all routes. In this work, two approaches have
been proposed: an exact and a heuristic one. In the exact approach, we have
developed an arc based formulation and an extended formulation where each
arc has an extra index. This index represents the departure time of a vehicle
using an arc. Through transformations on the extended formulation, we have
obtained a formulation, whose relaxation - the restricted master problem -
is solved using the column generation technique. A dynamic programming
algorithm solves the column generation subproblem in pseudo-polynomial
time. This algorithm generates non-elementary routes that allow subcycles.
In order to cut off the subcycles, a new class of inequalities called min cut has
been proposed.We have applied a Branch-Cut-and-Price (BCP) algorithm.
This allowed finding some new upper bounds. The exact approach has
achieved competitive results compared to the best exact algorithm has
already proposed to this problem. In the heuristic approach, besides a kopt
neighborhood, we have also exploited an ellipsoidal search that adds a
new cut constraint to the formulation of Branch-Cut-and-Price algorithm.
This new cut reduces the space search to a neighborhood around a known
set of solutions. This search is used as a crossover operator that runs all
iterations of a evolutive algorithm. This approach converges in a reasonable
computational time and finds optimal or near optimal solutions for some
instances in the literature.
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Adler, Aviv. "The Traveling Salesman Problem and orienteering for kinodynamic vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113975.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-56).<br>The Traveling Salesman Problem is a major foundational problem in the fields of Computer Science, Operations Research, and Applied Mathematics, in which an agent wants to visit a set of target points with the shortest path possible. This problem is of the highest interest both theoretically in practice. When the agent is a vehicle whose trajectory must satisfy a set of dynamic constraints and the target points are distributed over a continuous space, this problem is especially relevant to robotics. Although this problem is considered computationally intractable to solve precisely, in many settings a good approximate path can be computed efficiently. We study the case where the target points are distributed independently at random and ask how the length of the optimal tour grows as the number of such target points increases, a question which has attracted interest from both the robotics and motion planning community and the applied probability community; however, there has been little interaction between the two communities on this problem. By combining the approaches developed independently by these two communities, we re-derive the most general and powerful results with a simplified method. We then demonstrate the power of our method by extending it to show novel stronger results for an important sub-class of vehicles, as well as novel results for an alternative setting in which the target points are distributed by an adversary rather than at random.<br>by Aviv Adler.<br>S.M.
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Samuelsen, Øystein Jaren. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Running Speed in Orienteering." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19248.
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This thesis concerns the modeling of running speed in orient-eering by means of multi-layered feed forward artificial neu-ral networks with Backpropagation learning, using GPS tracks of orienteers, an orienteering map and a digital eleva-tion model as the basis for the training data. A learning sys-tem was implemented and tested with GPS data collected by a test subject. A trained speed model was applied in a third-party application for arithmetic analysis of route choices. The proposed method is shown to have potential, even though the results as of now are not good enough to be considered useful to orienteers.
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Pietz, Jesse. "A generalized orienteering problem for optimal search and interdiction planning." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37694.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>In order to support search planning for counterdrug operations, we introduce a generalized Orienteering Problem (OP) where transit on arcs in a network and reward collection at nodes both consume a variable amount of the same limited resource. We exploit this resource trade-o_ through a specialized branch-and-bound algorithm that relies on partial path relaxation problems, which often yield tight bounds and lead to substantial pruning in the enumeration tree. We present the Smuggler Search Problem (SSP) as a real-world application of our generalized OP. Numerical results show that our algorithm applied to the SSP outperforms standard mixed-integer nonlinear programming solvers for problems with seven or more targets. We present model enhancements that allow practitioners to represent realistic search planning scenarios. We investigate how evolving uncertainty in planning data can be addressed by a multi-stage stochastic programming model.
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Zhang, Shu. "Stochastic orienteering on a network of queues with time windows." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1944.
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Motivated by the management of sales representatives who visit customers to develop customer relationships, we present a stochastic orienteering problem on a network of queues, in which a hard time window is associated with each customer and the representative may experience uncertain wait time resulting from a queueing process at the customer.
In general, given a list of potential customers and a time horizon consisting of several periods, the sales representative needs to decide which customers to visit in each period and how to visit customers within the period, with an objective to maximize the total reward collected by the end of the horizon. We start our study with a daily orienteering problem, which is a subproblem of the general problem. We focus on developing a priori and dynamic routing strategies for the salesperson to implement during a day.
In the a priori routing case, the salesperson visits customers in a pre-planned order, and we seek to construct a static sequence of customers that maximizes the expected value collected. We consider two types of recourse actions. One is to skip a customer specified by an a priori route if the representative will arrive late in the customer's time window. The other type is to leave a customer immediately after arriving if observing a sufficiently long queue (balking) or to leave after waiting in queue for a period of time without meeting with the customer (reneging). We propose customer-specific decision rules to facilitate the execution of recourse actions and derive an analytical formula to compute the expected sales from the a priori route. We tailor a variable neighborhood search (VNS) heuristic to find a priori routes.
In the dynamic routing case, the salesperson decides which customer to visit and how long to wait at each customer based on realized events. To seek dynamic routing policies, we propose an approximate dynamic programming approach based on rollout algorithms. The method introduces a two-stage heuristic estimation that we refer to as compound rollout. In the first stage, the algorithm decides whether to stay at the current customer or go to another customer. If departing the current customer, it chooses the customer to whom to go in the second stage. We demonstrate the value of our modeling and solution approaches by comparing the dynamic policies to a priori solutions with recourse actions.
Finally, we address the multi-period orienteering problem. We consider that each customer's likelihood of adopting the representative's product stochastically evolves over time and is not fully observed by the representative. The representative can only estimate the adoption likelihood by meeting with the customer and the estimation may not be accurate. We model the problem as a partially observed Markov decision process with an objective to maximize the expected sales at the end of the horizon. We propose a heuristic that decomposes the problem into an assignment problem to schedule customers for a period and a routing problem to decide how to visit the scheduled customers within the period.
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Churchill, M. A. "The human orienteering reflex : An investigation of the role of context." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374201.
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Leung, Chi-man, and 梁志文. "Integration of modern GIS into orienteering course planning and map making." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2977813X.
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Walsh, Susanne E. "Maintaining orientation within route following tasks : a developmental approach." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312630.
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Hallmén, Mathias. "Map-Aided GPS Tracking in Urban Areas : Application to Runner Tracking in Sprint Orienteering." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121649.
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The GPS tracking in sprint orienteering is often a poor supplement to the viewer experience during events taking place in urban areas because of multipath effects. Since the GPS tracking of runners is an important means to making the sport more spectator friendly, it is of interest to make it more accurate. In this thesis project, the information provided by the map of a competition is fused with the GPS tracker position measurements and punch time data in a particle filter to create estimates of the runner trajectories. The map is used to create constraints and to predict motion of runners, as well as to create a model of the GPS reliability depending on map position. A simple observation model is implemented, using the map to decide if a GPS measurement is reliable or not depending on the distance to the closest building. A rather complex motion model is developed to predict the runner motion within the constraints given by the map. The results show that given certain conditions the improvements are vast compared to the traditional GPS tracking. The estimates are bound to possible routes, and they are often very good given that alternative route choices are easily separable. It is however principally difficult to generally improve the tracking using this method. Better measurements or observation models are needed in order to receive a fully satisfying tracking.
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Jacobs, Nigel. "Informed orienteering : a study of navigating systemic positioning dilemmas within the field of anorexia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2016. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/261/.
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Systemic Psychotherapists, versed in working from a social constructionist and feminist perspective, can encounter positioning dilemmas when working within the high risk field of anorexia. A common discourse of anorexia is that it has a relationship to issues of control, feelings of subjugation and lack of agency. For professionals, when working within the dominant psycho-medical domain immediate physical risk can be reduced, but so can the client’s sense of agency. On the other hand, if the therapist works within a social constructionist domain agency can be increased, but so might physical risk. Using semi-structured interviews, qualitative data were collected, recorded and analysed from eight systemic family psychotherapists who were currently working with anorexia in a variety of clinical settings. Focus was given within the dialogically constructed interviews to the positions that the participants took within the discourse of anorexia, both theoretically and in action. Positioning dilemmas and issues of power dynamics were given particular focus. The data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory, with three main theoretical codes emerging inductively from the axial codes. The findings that emerged are arranged as a hermeneutic circle of influences upon the positions taken, and encompass history, context, view, position, action and response. The positions of expert, unsettled and not-knowing were identified. Finally the actions of comfort, support and challenge emerged from the data. The participants varied from each other and within their own positioning, with context of client age and chronicity seemingly having a strong influence on how social constructionist positions could be taken in the face of physical risk. The influence of their own and other professional and personal discourses also had bearing. In this study, the findings suggest that an informed orienteering approach (a term that I coined based on dialogic principles, Shotter’s concept of withness and orienteering and Mason’s thinking on working within safe uncertainty) can help systemic therapists position themselves within discourses about anorexia. My informed orienteering approach allows incorporation and attention to both the psycho-medical and social constructionist positions, whilst accounting for issues of power, particularly through feminist critique and the thinking of Foucault and Bourdieu. Implications for the field of family therapy are considered, as are recommendations for future research.
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Bayliss, John H. "Map position finding accuracy in a computer simulated environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43357.
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Map position finding is a fundamental skill taught in many map use and interpretation geography courses. Map position finding is also the basic skill required for successful orienteering. At Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University orienteering exercises aid in building students map position finding skills. Unfortunately, the outdoor nature of orienteering limits classroom use. Bad weather, lack of suitable sites and logistical problems may prevent the educational use of orienteering. Advancements in computer technology have led to the development of a computer orienteering simulation. This paper examines the accuracy of subjects' map position finding responses when exposed to a computer simulated environment.
This research examined two issues. First, it tested whether the computer program was capable of presenting the necessary visual information to determine a location. Test subjects were asked to locate a map position based on viewing computer images which were manipulated to create a 360 degree panorama. Second, it tested if the ability to pan continuously through 360 degrees increases participants' location accuracy over the individual slide based technique studied by Cox (1986).
Results indicate that: 1) subjects were able to locate a specific map position by viewing computer images; 2) differences in accuracy existed between sites and subjects and 3) the ability to continuously pan through 360 degrees with the computer program provided higher accuracy
results than the slide based study conducted by Cox (1986).<br>Master of Science
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Постельняк, О., Світлана Анатоліївна Король, Светлана Анатольевна Король та Svitlana Anatoliivna Korol. "Оздоровчий вплив засобів спортивного орієнтування на організм людини". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48683.
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У практиці спорту одним із засобів для фізичної та
інтелектуальної підготовки людини є спортивне орієнтування.
Цей вид спорту поєднує в собі біг по пересічній місцевості
(пересування на лижах взимку) зі спеціалізованою розумовою
діяльністю, що передбачає комплекс операцій та процесів для
вирішення завдань цілеспрямованого пересування незнайомою
місцевістю з використанням спортивної карти і компаса.
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Rattray, Benjamin, and n/a. "The validation of physiological field testing in elite orienteers." University of Canberra. Sports Studies, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050629.113059.
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The complex physiology of orienteering performance is not well understood but recent
advances in technology allow for more in-depth investigation. The purpose of this
study was to develop and validate physiological field tests for elite orienteers in
Australia.
Seven male and three female elite orienteers volunteered to take part in the study.
Subjects completed an incremental fixed-distance (803m) trial in Australian forest
terrain, paced by a bicycle equipped with a speedometer. This was replicated in the
laboratory using a 4.5% grade for treadmill running. Subjects also completed four
(males) or three (females) laps of a 1340m terrain loop incorporating uphill, track and
downhill sections. Subjects then repeated this test in the laboratory, with treadmill grade
manipulated to replicate the gradient profile of each section. Heart rate (HR) and
oxygen uptake (VCh) were recorded continuously with telemetry during each stage/lap.
Blood [La] and RPE were recorded after each stage/lap.
In the incremental tests, no significant differences (p=0.05 level) were observed in HR,
VO2, blood [La] or RPE between the Field test, and its Laboratory replication over the
entire range of speeds tested. The actual speeds run during the Field tests were
significantly faster than the Laboratory test at the slowest speed (8 kmh- 1 ) attempted,
and slower at the fastest speed (18 km-h-1) attempted. In the time-trial tests, no
significant differences were observed in HR, VO2, blood [La] or RPE between the
Field test and its Laboratory replication. The running speeds in the Field tests were
significantly slower than the Laboratory tests. Running speed appeared inversely
related to the course profile and the terrain also affected the speeds that could be
achieved. Despite the changes in the course profile, the physiological responses to the
course were maintained within a narrow range at a high level (-95% of maximal heart
rate, 80-90% of VO2max, blood [La] -10 mM) for the duration of the 20-25 minute test.
The Field tests that were developed in this study for elite orienteers in Australian forest
terrain were successfully validated by replicating the protocols in a Laboratory setting.
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Chocholáček, Ján. "Problém optimalizácie trás s maximalizáciou úžitku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193513.
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The orienteering problem is one of the newer problems in the field of discrete programming. The formulation of this problem originates from a sport discipline, called orienteering. In the beginning of this thesis a formulation and mathematical model for this problem are introduced. The extension of the problem is the team orienteering problem, described in the next chapters of theoretical part. Many heuristics were published for this problem. While the heuristic of Chao et al. and a path relinking approach are described in detail in this thesis. Practical part deals with the team orienteering problem applied to a real task, specifically a visiting of 23 attractions in the New York in different number of days. The solution is found by optimization program Lingo 90 and by heuristic of Chao el al. Heuristic algorithm was implemented in programming language Visual Basic for Application. A comparison of the results is described at the end of the practical part.
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Sundlöf, Martin, and Hans Persson. "Automatisk identifiering av branter för orienteringskartor." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10930.
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Orientering är en sport som går ut på att besöka ett antal förutbestämda kontrollpunkter med hjälp av en karta. Orienteringskartan redovisar olika objekt som finns i verkligheten så som stenar, gropar, höjder och branter. Att tillverka en orienteringskarta är dyrt och tidskrävande. Omkring 120 000–150 000 kr och mellan 20–30 h/km2 fältarbete läggs ner på varje karta som skapas. Eftersom orienteringskartorna framställs av ideella föreningar är alla sätt som gör kartframställningen billigare välkomna. I detta examensarbete har en funktion skapats i ett befintligt program vid namn OL Laser. Funktionens syfte är att automatiskt identifiera branter i laserdata för användning som grundmaterial vid framställning av orienteringskartor. För att räknas som en orienteringsbrant krävs det att tre stycken kriterier uppfylls, nämligen minst 1 m höjdskillnad, minst 1 m utbredning och en lutning större än 85°. Dessa kriterier bestämdes genom att komplettera de befintliga avgränsningarna som anges i Internationella Orienteringsförbundets regleringar för orienteringskartor med egna mätningar i tre stycken olika referensområden kring Gävle. Därefter programmerades funktionen så att genom att klicka på en knapp startas en sökning i ett höjdraster. Steg för steg söks höjdrastret igenom efter pixlar som uppfyller de givna parametrarna för höjdskillnad, utbredning och lutning. Värdet på parametrarna för lutning, höjdskillnad och utbredning bestämdes genom att kalibrera funktionen mot referensområdena. Kalibrering gjordes för att det skulle vara möjligt att automatiskt identifiera branter. De inställningar på parametrarna som användes i funktionen efter kalibrering var 42,5° lutning, 0,6 m höjdskillnad och en utbredning över minst två sammanhängande pixlar. Resultatet utgörs av de pixlar som funktionen identifierar som en brant. Resultatet visar att funktionen klarar av att hitta branter automatiskt, även i områden som den inte kalibrerats mot. För att använda branterna till en orienteringskarta krävs det att en kartritare verifierar resultat av funktionen ute i fält. Med hjälp av funktionen sparas både tid och pengar i framställningen av orienteringskartor.<br>Orienteering is a sport where the purpose is to visit a number of predefined control points using a map. The orienteering map shows various objects such as rocks, pits, knolls and cliffs. It is expensive and time consuming to produce an orienteering map. Approximately 120.000-150.000 SEK and 20–30 h/km2 field work is invested in every map produced. Considering orienteering maps are financed by non-profit orienteering organizations every time and money saving process is welcome. In this degree project a function has been created in a software called OL Laser. The aim of the function is to automatically identify cliffs in laser data for the usage as base maps in the production of orienteering maps. First the definition for cliffs in orienteering was defined. To be classified as a cliff three requirements had to be fulfilled, namely at least 1 m in height difference, at least 1 meter wide and a gradient greater than 85°. These requirements were determined by supplementing the existing restrictions specified in the regulations for orienteering maps with own measurements in three different reference areas around Gävle. The function was programmed so that a search in a height raster was started. Step by step the raster was scanned for pixels that meet the given parameters of the height difference, the width and gradient. The values of the parameters were determined by calibrating the function in the reference areas. The calibration was made to make it possible to automatically identify cliffs. The settings of the parameters used in the function after the calibration were 42.5° gradient, 0.6 m height difference and a propagation of at least two consecutive pixels. The pixels that the function identified as a cliff is the result. The result shows that the function is able to automatically find the cliffs, even in areas which it is not calibrated against. To be able to use the cliffs on an orienteering map, the cartographer has to verify the result of the function in the field. Both time and money is saved by using the function when producing orienteering maps.
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Король, Світлана Анатоліївна, Светлана Анатольевна Король, Svitlana Anatoliivna Korol та С. В. Фісько. "Психологічна підготовка спортсменів-орієнтувальників". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55103.
Full textAbstract:
Спортивне орієнтування – один з небагатьох видів спорту, в якому інтенсивне фізичне навантаження поєднуються з величезною розумовою діяльністю, що спрямована на вирішення низки практичних завдань. Під час проходження дистанції спортсмен повинен застосовувати ряд конкретних знань і умінь, пов’язаних з питаннями техніки і тактики орієнтування. Тому одне з найважливіших місць в системі підготовки орієнтувальника є психологічна підготовка.
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Johansson, Christer. "Elite sprinters, ice hockey players, orienteers and marathon runners : isokinetic leg muscle performance in relation to muscle structure and training." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103812.
Full textAbstract:
In male athletes from different sports, isokinetic knee extensor, and in orienteers also plantar flexor peak torque (PT), contractional work (CW) and integrated surface electromyograms (iEMG) were analysed. Single contraction PT, CW and iEMG in sprinters and marathon runners were significantly correlated to the cross-sectional area (CSA) of m. quadriceps, and to the Type II fibre area of m. vastus lateralis. When correcting PT, CW and iEMG for CSA of m. quadriceps, such correlations were found only for Type IIA fibre area at 180° s~1. Elec- tromyographically, m. vastus lateralis (biopsied muscle) was representative for m. quadriceps. Calculated optimal mean power (CW s~1) and electrical efficacy (CW/iEMG) approximated for sprinters 450° s-1 and for marathon runners 270° s~1, i.e. velocities at or above the upper limit of the dynamometers. In orienteers, plantar flexor PT increased during winter training, but decreased during competitive season. Knee extensor PT increased over the whole year. At 30 and 60° s~1 only knee extensor PT was negatively associated with the running velocity at onset of blood lactate accumulation (VOBLA)- Changes in VOBLA during winter period were negatively associated with changes in knee extensor PT at 180° s~1. During competitive season, changes in Vobla were negatively associated with the ratio quality : quantity running. In ice hockey players PT varied non-systematically with training and games. The biopsy specimens of marathon runners showed irregular fibre shapes, an increased amount of connective tissue and central fibre nuclei, indicating an early strain disease or functional adaptation to extreme demands. During repetitive contractions in sprinters and marathon runners, fatigue, i.e. slope of decline in CW, was significantly associated with the Type II fibre area of m. vastus lateralis. For knee extensors of sprinters, ice hockey players and orienteers, a steep decrease in CW/iEMG was observed. In contrast, knee extensors of marathon runners and plantar flexors of orienteers showed an almost unaltered CW/iEMG throughout the test. The knee extensor endurance level (CW/iEMG) was significantly correlated to the maximal oxygen uptake. In orienteers, an increase in endurance level of both tested muscle groups during winter training parallelled an increase in VOBLA and V02obla- In hockey players, fatigue and endurance pattern (CW and CW/iEMG) changed non-systematically with training and games. In conclusion, isokinetic measurements and iEMG reflect the structural properties of the knee extensor muscles in sprinters and marathon runners. The demonstrated characteristics and changes in leg muscle function in different groups of athletes apparently reflect varying demands from different sports activities.<br><p>S. 1-31: sammanfattning, s. 33-84: 6 uppsatser</p><br>digitalisering@umu
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Gollbo, Simon, and Adam Sköld. "Base stations for communication in obstructed environments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255243.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to produce signal relay stations that could receive information via 2.4 GHz radio and relay the information to a designated target station. If a relay station was located outside of signal range for the target station it was supposed to utilize other relay stations to transfer the information to the target station, so called multi-hop. The would-be application of the relay stations was orienteering. When an orienteer punches a checkpoint the signal stations would relay information of who punched the control, when it was punched and the checkpoint that was punched to the speaker tower in the goal area. The work resulted in prototypes which fulfilled the statement of purpose and was tested at an orienteering competition with satisfactory results. The performance of the prototypes was tested and found adequate for the would-be application.
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Щербаков, М. А. "Роль спортивного орієнтування у формуванні здорового способу життя студентів ВНЗ". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48710.
Full textAbstract:
Здоровий спосіб життя включає у себе багато
факторів, розглянемо аспект занять фізичною культурою та
спортом. У багатьох вищих навчальних закладах завдання
формування здорового способу життя студентів вирішуються
засобами різних видів спорту, в тому числі і спортивного
орієнтування. Для студентів різноманітність видів діяльності у
спортивному орієнтуванні, гармонійне поєднання розумового
та фізичного навантаження визначають його привабливість.
Сучасні дослідження з цієї теми мають відображення у
наукових працях І. А. Коновалової, С. А. Казанцева,
В. С. Близнєвської.
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Östlund-Lagerström, Lina. ""The gut matters" : an interdisciplinary approach to health and gut function in older adults." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-49072.
Full textAbstract:
Improved life expectancy is a triumph of modern medicine. However, today’s senior citizens are predicted to soon consume 75% of the available health-care resources. Identifying new strategies to promote a healthy ageing process has thus become a priority. In contribution to the research field of healthy ageing this thesis is focused on the health and gut function of older adults. Paper I explored ‘optimal functionality’; a new approach to put the older adult’s own perspectives on health in focus. According to the results a plethora of factors related to the body, the self and the external environment needs to be considered in order to create a comprehensive understanding of the health experience in old age. Paper II characterised senior orienteering athletes as a new model of healthy ageing, due to their significantly better percived health as compared to other free-living older adults; in particular they report better gut health. As the gut is important to health maintenance and immune function paper III explored inflammation and oxidative stress in senior orienteering athletes, and older adults with gut problems, generally finding low levels in both groups. Subsequently, Paper IV investigated the health status of free-living older adults in Örebro County and also reports the results from a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of a probiotic supplement on self-reported health and gut symptoms. Two-thirds of the included older adults reported gut problems, however, the probiotic intervention failed to show any effects. This thesis provides additional perspectives on older adults health and gut function, by concluding that 1) optimal functionality may be a useful concept to map areas of importance to the older adult’s health experience, 2) senior orienteers may be regarded as a suitable model to study healthy ageing, 3) the prevalence of gut problems among the general population of Swedish older adults is high, but was not improved by probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri.
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Jusas, Giedrius. "Skirtingo amžiaus ir lyties orientacininkų kojų raumenų galingumas ir vargstamumas atliekant vertikalius šuolius." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_150203-13502.
Full textAbstract:
Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti įvairaus amžiaus ir lyties orientacininkų kojų tiesiamųjų raumenų galingumą ir atsparumą nuovargiui vertikalaus šuoliavimo testo metu.
Buvo ištirti 92 orientacininkai, pagal amžių (metais) ir lytį (moteriška, M; vyriška, V) suskirstyti į šešias grupes: M15–17 merginos (n = 19), M18–20 merginos (n = 9), M>21 moterys (n = 4), V15–17 jaunuoliai (n = 21), V18–20 vaikinai (n = 18), V > 21 vyrai (n = 21).
Vertikalių šuolių aukštį matavome pagal C. Bosco metodiką. Po standartinės pramankštos tiriamieji ant 60x60 cm dydžio kontaktinio kilimėlio atliko po tris vienkartinius maksimalių pastangų vertikalius šuolius su rankų mostu ir be mosto, o paskui 60 s šuoliavo maksimaliomis pastangomis, amortizuojamai pritūpdami iki 90° kampo per kelius (rankas laikydami ant juosmens).
Vienkartinio vertikalaus šuolio aukštis (taigi ir kojų tiesiamųjų raumenų galingumas) nepriklausė nuo amžiaus, tačiau visose amžiaus grupėse vyriška lytis tiriamieji pašokdavo aukščiau. Lyginant orientacininkių gebėjimą aukštai pašokti su rankų mostu ir be mosto, reikšmingus pašokimo aukščio skirtumus nustatėme 15–17 ir 18–20 metų amžiaus orientacininkių grupėse, o tarp orientacininkų šis skirtumas buvo reikšmingas visose amžiaus grupėse (p < 0,001).
Išanalizavę šuolių aukščio kaitą 1 min. šuoliavimo testo metu pastebėjome, kad statistiškai reikšmingi vargstamumo skirtumai amžiaus aspektu buvo tik tarp M15–17 ir M18–20 grupių (p < 0,05), o lyties aspektu – tarp M15–17 ir V15–17 grupių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The aim of the study was to estimate vertical jumping performance in orienteers of various age and both sexes.
The study embraced 92 orienteers of national level. According to age (years) and gender (males, M; females, F), six groups of athletes were singled out: F15–17 (n = 19), F18–20 (n = 9), F>21 (n = 4), M15–17 (n = 21), M18–20 (n = 18), and M>21 (n = 21).
After a standard warm-up, subjects performed maximal intensity vertical jumps on the contact mat sized 60x60 cm. After orienteers made jumps with and without arm swing (3 attempts each), all-out vertical jumps for 60 sec with a shock-absorbing squat to 90° knee angle, arms akimbo, were performed. The jump height was measured according to C. Bosco et al., using a flight-phase time as a sole indicator.
There were no statistically significant differences in the height of the single vertical jump between age groups, irrespectively of the gender. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the height of the single vertical jump in all age groups in respect to gender. The comparison of vertical jumps performed by females with and without arm swing revealed statistically significant difference only between F15–17 and F18–20 groups, while the difference in jump height between two modes was statistically significant in male orienteers of all age groups (p < 0.001). F15–17 and F18–20 groups differed in respect to fatigue index during 60 sec test (p < 0.05). The different fatigue index was observed in respect... [to full text]
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Король, Світлана Анатоліївна, Светлана Анатольевна Король та Svitlana Anatoliivna Korol. "Вплив засобів спортивного орієнтування на фізичне здоров'я студентів у процесі фізичного виховання". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48607.
Full textAbstract:
Пріоритетним напрямом державної політики України є збереження та зміцнення здоров’я нації. Проте низький рівень фізичного здоров’я та фізичної підготовленості студентської молоді вказує на недостатню ефективність процесу фізичного виховання і потребує розробки і впровадження нових програм, на основі застосування засобів, що мають найбільший оздоровчий потенціал. Враховуючи зв’язок аеробної продуктивності організму з фізичним здоров’ям, науковці перше місце за оздоровчим впливом надають низькоінтенсивним циклічними вправами аеробного характеру, до яких відноситься і спортивне орієнтування [1].
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Король, Світлана Анатоліївна, Светлана Анатольевна Король та Svitlana Anatoliivna Korol. "Основи техніко-тактичної підготовки студентів-першокурсників у навчальній секції зі спортивного орієнтування". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33115.
Full textAbstract:
На сьогоднішній день підвищення ефективності навчально-виховного процесу з фізичного виховання у ВНЗ України здійснюється шляхом створення навчальних секцій з видів спорту, що обирають студенти. Така форма організації фізичного виховання значно підвищує інтерес та мотивацію студентів до занять. Разом з цим, виникає необхідність розробки нових програм, що основуються на певному виді рухової активності.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33115
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Cakir, Fahrettin. "Data-centric solution methodologies for vehicle routing problems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2052.
Full textAbstract:
Data-driven decision making has become more popular in today’s businesses including logistics and vehicle routing. Leveraging historical data, companies can achieve goals such as customer satisfaction management, scalable and efficient operation, and higher overall revenue.
In the management of customer satisfaction, logistics companies use consistent assignment of their drivers to customers over time. Creating this consistency takes time and depends on the history experienced between the company and the customer. While pursuing this goal, companies trade off the cost of capacity with consistency because demand is unknown on a daily basis. We propose concepts and methods that enable a parcel delivery company to balance the trade-off between cost and customer satisfaction. We use clustering methods that use cumulative historical service data to generate better consistency using the information entropy measure.
Parcel delivery companies route many vehicles to serve customer requests on a daily basis. While clustering was important to the development of early routing algorithms, modern solution methods rely on metaheuristics, which are not easily deployable and often do not have open source code bases. We propose a two-stage, shape-based clustering approach that efficiently obtains a clustering of delivery request locations. Our solution technique is based on creating clusters that form certain shapes with respect to the depot. We obtain a routing solution by ordering all locations in every cluster separately. Our results are competitive with a state-of-the-art vehicle routing solver in terms of quality. Moreover, the results show that the algorithm is more scalable and is robust to problem parameters in terms of runtime.
Fish trawling can be considered as a vehicle routing problem where the main objective is to maximize the amount of fish (revenue) facing uncertainty on catch. This uncertainty creates an embedded prediction problem before deciding where to harvest. Using previous catch data to train prediction models, we solve the routing problem a fish trawler faces using dynamically updated routing decisions allowing for spatiotemporal correlation in the random catch. We investigate the relationship between the quality of predictions and the quality of revenue generated as a result.
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Di, Tore Pio Alfredo. "IKeWYSe - I Know What You See." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1980.
Full textAbstract:
2013 - 2014<br>The project presents a research on perspective taking, aimed to investigate two specific themes: the
age when the child leaves perceptive egocentrism, and gender differences in the management of
spatial reference systems. The innovative contribution of this work is that it has addressed the issue
with a not abused tool for this field: the videogame. The first product of the project was, therefore, a
video game prototype, named IKeWYSE, which has been the data collecting instrument for the
experimental research project.
The paper presents a quick historical overview on the concepts of space, perception and action,
introducing the concept of Umwelt, then addresses the issue of the representation of space in the
child, from Piaget to neurosciences, describing the reference systems competing in the
representation of space and the Piagetian conceptual framework, and reporting the scientific debate
on the "three mountains task" and the spatial theory of empathy.
Once described the conceptual framework, the text presents the research design, the path for design
and development of the videogame, the methods for data collection and discusses the results
obtained. Finally, the experimental process has led to observe how the cognitive processes involved
in peculiar orienteering activities (map reading, route selection, spatial thinking) are processes also
involved in the management of inter-subjective relationship modes, and make the orienteering a
sport with great potential in terms of teaching. The final part of the text develops describing
orienteering as a sport, stressing the connections with current national guidelines for the first cycle
of education, and, in the light of the review of the scientific literature on cognitive processes
involved in spatial navigation and management of spatial reference systems, it concludes with a
proposal for the spread of orienteering as effective teaching practice in an educational context
oriented to inclusion of pupils presenting Special Educational Needs. [edited by Author]<br>XIII n.s.
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Rognsvåg, Elise, and Annika Carlberg. "COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DURING EXERCISE AMONG ORIENTEERS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159353.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed to examine how physical exertion influences cognitive performance.Orienteers (n = 23) competing at primarily a national to international level were recruited toparticipate. A randomised control trial using a cross-over research design required participantsto complete two trials measuring performance over a duration of 35 minutes. Specifically, inone trial participants undertook a cognitive testing protocol divided into five blocks comprisedof three separate cognitive tests that each lasted approximately one minute, between each testparticipants rested for one minute (i.e., one minute testing, followed by one minute resting fora duration of 35 minutes). The other trial required participants to complete the same cognitivetesting protocol whilst simultaneous completing a cycling time trial (i.e., aiming to cycle amaximum distance within the time of 35 minutes). Analyses revealed participants performedsignificantly worse on the cognitive tests whilst simultaneously completing the cycling timetrial. Upon closer scrutiny of the individual tests, designed to measure the cognitive functionsof decision-making, working memory, and updating, a similar trend in performance wasobserved although it was not found to be statistically significant. The findings of the presentstudy highlights implications for athletes, coaches, and sports psychologists in attempts tooptimise sport performance and minimize cognitive impairments during physical exertion. Thestudy supports the need for greater ecological validity in the investigation of cognitiveperformance in sport science research. The findings of the present study indicate that appliedsport psychology research may be enhanced by the use of research designs comprised ofcognitive tests that more closely replicate the cognitive demands of competition settings.<br>Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur fysisk ansträngning påverkar kognitivprestation. Urvalet bestod av orienterare tävlandes på huvudsakligen nationell tillinternationell nivå (n = 23). Studien var en randomiserad korsstudie där deltagarna genomfördekognitiva tester vid två försökstillfällen på 35 minuter vardera. Under det ena försökstillfälletgenomförde deltagarna ett kognitivt testprotokoll, indelat i fem block innehållande tre testervardera, där varje test varade i ungefär en minut, följt av en minuts vila mellan testerna (dvs.en minuts testning, följt av en minuts vila med en varaktighet på 35 minuter). Det andraförsökstillfället bestod av att deltagarna genomförde samma kognitiva testprotokoll samtidigtsom de cyklade, med målet att komma så lågt som möjligt i distans under 35 minuter.Resultaten visade på signifikant lägre kognitiv prestation när deltagarna cyklade samtidigt.Genom närmare analys av varje enskilt test (som ämnade mäta de kognitiva funktionernabeslutsfattande, arbetsminne och uppdatering) hittades samma trend, men utan signifikans.Fynden kan vara av vikt för idrottare, tränare och idrottspsykologer i deras arbete för attoptimera prestation och minimera kognitiv försämring under fysisk ansträngning. De stödjeräven behovet av ekologisk validitet i studier ämnade att undersöka kognitiv prestation inomidrott. Vidare indikerar fynden att tillämpad idrottspsykologisk forskning kan förbättras genomatt använda en forskningsdesign innehållande kognitiva test som är mer jämförbara med dekognitiva utmaningar idrottare ställs inför under tävlingssammanhang.
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Ribeiro, Eric Arantes. "Modelo matemático e meta-heurística simulated annealing para elaboração de roteiros turísticos com base no tourist trip design problem." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1561.
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Modelo matematico e meta heuristica simulated annealing para elaboração de roteiros turísticos com base no tourist trip design problem.pdf: 2271247 bytes, checksum: faaad9e85f6978197ce7c7b03933a2ca (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015<br>O turismo é um importante setor para economia mundial e vem crescendo consistentemente nos últimos anos. Porém, um fator determinante para escolha do destino de um turista é a existência de pontos de interesse que ele deseja visitar na região e, para tanto, as informações dos pontos de interesse de uma região devem estar disponíveis. Dada às limitações de tempo do turista, não é possível para ele visitar todos os atrativos e, por essa razão, se faz necessário a criação de roteiros turísticos. Muito embora existam diversos pacotes de viagens com destinos predefinidos, contemplando locais mais populares, nos últimos anos tem crescido a procura por soluções que criem roteiros personalizados voltados às necessidades de cada turista. Para suprir essa nova demanda, Van Oudheusden e Vansteenwegen (2007) propuseram o Tourist Trip Design Problem (TTDP) e sugeriram o uso do Orienteering Problem (OP) e suas extensões para resolução do TTDP. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo matemático e de uma meta-heurística Simulated Annealing (SA) para resolução do TTDP. O objetivo considerado consiste em gerar roteiros que maximizem a soma das notas atribuídas aos atrativos em função do grau de
interesse do turista, levando em conta o período que ele tem disponível na localidade e o horário que cada atrativo está disponível para ser visitado.<br>Tourism is an important sector for the world economy and has been growing steadily over recent years. However, a decisive factor for the choice of a tourist destination is the existence of points of interest in the region he wants to visit and, therefore, the information from points of interest in a region should be available. Given the tourist time constraints, it is not possible for him to visit all the attractions and, therefore, it is necessary the creation of tourist routes. Although there are several packages with predefined destinations contemplating most popular locations in recent years has increased the demand for solutions that create custom tours for the needs of each tourist. To meet this new demand Van Oudheusden and Vansteenwegen (2007) proposed the Tourist Trip Design Problem (TTDP) and they suggested that the use of the Orienteering Problem (OP) and its extensions is the best approach to the TTDP. This thesis proposes the development of a mathematical model and a Simulated Annealing (SA) metaheuristic to solve the TTDP. The objective considered is to generate routes that maximize the sum of scores awarded to the attractions based on the degree of interest of the tourist taking into account the time that he has in the locality and the time that each attraction is available to be visited.
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Nilsson, Kerstin. "Hitta lätt - så blir det rätt! : En praxisnära, didaktisk studie om att orientera sig med hjälp av en karta." Licentiate thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3330.
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This thesis is about teaching and learning in way finding and map reading. The aim of the study is to investigate children’s ability to perceive the relationship between objects in the nature and map symbols in order to make a positioning. The aim is also to investigate what teaching might facilitate this ability. The study sets out to identify critical features related to the object of learning, that might constitute learning obstacles or problems, and then to discuss possible teaching methods to overcome these problems. The method used is a school based physical education intervention study de-rived from Learning Study principles. In a Learning Study, teachers collaborate in an iterative process to explore their students learning. The students’ ways of perceiving the object of learning is analysed through a phenomenographic ap-proach and the variation theory is used for planning and analysing the studied lessons. Three lessons were videotaped and field notes were taken along with some interviews. The sample consisted of three groups of ten-year-old pupils (n=53) and six teachers. Four critical features of the learning object were identified in the study: a) to perceive objects in nature and understand how these can be represented on the map: b) to perceive objects in nature to make a positioning on the map: c) to perceive objects in nature and its location to make a positioning in relation to the previous positioning and d) to perceive relationships between objects in nature and symbols on the map and take these into account when describing position. The study shows how children’s ability to perceive objects in the nature and map symbols to make a positioning can be improved when they have the possi-bility to discern the critical features in different ways. In conclusion, that what was taught seemed to be reflected in what the pupils learned. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that it is not sufficient merely to name the critical features to the pupils, instead they must be possible to be discerned by the pupils in order for learning to take place. A final reflection is that the theoretical framework used, variation theory, is a powerful tool for analysing lessons that contributed to the analysis of teaching and learning.<br><p>Forskarstuderande Kerstin Nilsson har ingått i <em>Forskarskolan idrott och hälsas didaktik </em>(FIHD), en forskarskola som ingått i statens satsning på forskarutbildning av förskollärare och lärare. Satsningen beslutades våren 2011 och har varit ett led i att kompetenshöja verksamma lärare och, i förlängningen, stärka elevernas kunskaper. Forskarskolan har bedrivits som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, Örebro universitet och Malmö högskola. Totalt har 15 forskarstuderande ingått i FIHD, och varje lärosäte har ansvarat för fem forskarstuderande var. Centrala mål för forskarskolan har varit att utgöra ett nav för ämnesdidaktisk kunskapsutveckling av ämnet idrott och hälsa, och att bidra till att bygga upp skolämnet idrott och hälsas didaktiska kunskapsbas med hjälp av praktiknära forskningsansatser.</p><br>Forskningslinjen Utbildning
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Bykovienė-Žemaitytė, Agnė. "Orientavimosi sporto žemėlapių analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090114_160325-43006.
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Orientavimosi sporto žemėlapis – tai detalus spalvotas topografinis žemėlapis, sudarytas laikantis International Specification for Orienteering Maps ( ISOM2000) reikalavimų. Lietuvos orientavimosi sporto žemėlapių istorija siekia 1965 metus. Tačiau apie jų padėtį Lietuvoje, sudarymo metodikas ir subtilybes nebuvo analizuota, tirta ar aprašyta.
Tyrimo tikslas – orientavimosi sporto žemėlapių sudarymo analizė. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo naudoti analizės, palyginimo, modeliavimo, apibendrinimo moksliniai metodai.
Išanalizavus esamus orientavimosi sporto žemėlapius, pastebėta, kad daugiausiai žemėlapių yra sudarinėjama Vilniaus, Kauno, Utenos, Alytaus ir Klaipėdos apskrityse. Tam įtakos turi reljefo formos, miškingumas, vietovės sudėtingumas. Taip pat nustatyta, kad smulkesnio mastelio žemėlapių (M 1:15000) populiarumas ir poreikis mažėja, o stambesnio (M 1:10000 ir M 1:5000) - didėja.
Atlikus sutartinių ženklų analizę, pastebėta, kad OS žemėlapių sudarymui yra naudojama daug ženklų ir specifinių simbolių.
Sudarant naujus ar atnaujinant jau padarytus senus orientavimosi sporto žemėlapius naudojama įvairi kartografinė medžiaga, ortofotonuotraukos.
Išanalizavus pagrindines Lietuvos georeferencinių duomenų bazes, nustatyta, kad taikant KDB10LT Midi lygį kartu su ORT10LT būtų pasiekiama aukščiausio lygio žemėlapių sudarymo kokybė. O ortofotonuotraukas galima būtų naudoti kaip ortofotožemėlapį jaunųjų orientavimosi sportininkų varžybose, treniruotėse, ar net sukurti naują varžybų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Orienteering sport map is detailed colored topographic map which is made bearing International Specification for Orienteering Maps (ISOM2000) demands. Lithuanian orienteering sport‘s maps history reaches 1965 year. However, there weren‘t analyzed, examined or described their positions, refinements or making methods. Research’s point is orienteering sport’s maps making analysis. Analysis, comparisons, patterning and summation scientific methods were used to reach that point. When orienteering sport’s maps were analyzed, there was noticed that most maps are making in Vilnius, Kaunas, Utena, Alytus and Klaipeda’s regions. It caused by relief’s shapes, wooded places, difficulty of terrain. Also it was ascertained that requirement and popularity of minute scale map’s (scale 1:15000) is decreasing and large-scale maps (scale 1:10000 and 1:5000) increasing. After arbitrary signs analysis were noticed that to make OS maps are used much signs and specific symbols. There are used miscellaneous cartographic materials, ortophotopictures to make new or renew old OS maps. When there was analyzed main Lithuanian georeferentic data bases it was noticed that top quality of map making will be reached then there will be used KDB10LT Midi standards with ORT10LT. Ortophotopictures would be able to use as ortophotomap in junior sportsmen orienteering competitions, training, or even to make new kind of competition.
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Moyer, Lisa Ann. "Engaging Students in 21st Century Skills through Non-Formal Learning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70949.
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National reforms, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), Common Core State Standards Mathematical Practices (CCSMP), and Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P-21) challenge educators to provide students with dynamic learning experiences that address the needs of learners in today's society. These new standards represent a paradigm shift away from the meticulous content memorization of many state standards, toward more dynamic measures addressing the whole learner. To truly develop the leaders, innovators and thinkers of tomorrow, educators are beginning to look beyond the traditional schoolhouse walls to intertwine intentionally designed non-formal learning experiences within formal education. These non-formal experiences serve to connect seemingly disparate skills and knowledge through real-life, hands-on, minds-on learning. Embracing partnerships with individuals and organizations beyond the classroom fosters an environment seamlessly connecting life, work, and school.
Although the importance of student engagement in 21st century skills is at the forefront of current educational reforms, little has been done to assess this engagement. While standards such as Common Core State Standards and NGSS have measures in place for domain-specific 21st century skills, aside from PISA's cross-curricular problem solving test, there are few resources to measure non-domain specific engagement in these skills. Without a viable measure, detractors can argue that the term 21st century skills is meaningless and it distracts students from learning core content. Bridging the divide between skills and content is essential to build support for skills that reach far beyond isolated subject-matter knowledge. Engaging students in these skills through non-formal learning, and measuring the extent of student engagement in these skills will drive the development of future opportunities for students to hone them in creative ways.
The purpose of this study was to measure student engagement in 21st century skills while they participate in a non-formal learning experience. Once a viable measurement was developed, it was utilized to measure student percent of engagement in each specific 21st century Learning and Innovation skill (creativity and innovation, critical thinking, problem solving), Life and Career skill (flexibility and adaptability, initiative, self-direction and productivity, leadership, responsibility and accountability), and Socio-Cultural skill (communication and collaboration) while students participated in the intentionally designed non-formal learning experience of orienteering. The study also described what characterizes a viable non-formal learning experience facilitating student engagement in 21st century skills.
Analysis of data revealed the non-formal learning experience of orienteering engages students in 21st century Learning and Innovation Skills, Life and Career Skills and Socio-Cultural Skills. Specifically, communication and collaboration, critical thinking skills and initiative, self-direction and productivity comprise the largest student engagement. Engagement in leadership, responsibility and accountability, problem solving, and flexibility and adaptability are also evident. This particular non-formal learning experience facilitates very little student engagement of creativity and innovation. While not generalizable to a larger population, this study confirms that students immersed in a non-formal learning activity will become engaged in essential 21st century skills for school, life and work, therefore, this type of learning is a valuable part of instructional time within the formal instructional day and beyond.<br>Ph. D.
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Nilsson, Jenny. ""Recreational Orienteering" - en ny trend inom den traditionella orienteringssporten : En kvalitativ studie om vad det är som motiverar individer att utöva orientering utan att vara med i en organiserad verksamhet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72648.
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Lazdauskas, Karolis. "Orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo kokybės gerinimas: sporto organizacijos atvejis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140620_112349-79976.
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Darbo objektas: orientavimosi sporto varžybų kokybės gerinimas.
Darbo tikslas: nustatyti orientavimosi sporto varžybų kokybės spragas.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Išnagrinėti sporto organizacijos sampratą.
2. Apibrėžti sportinių varžybų organizavimo ypatumus.
3. Atskleisti orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo ir formavimo etapus.
4. Nustatyti orientavimosi sporto varžybų dalyvių masiškumą kintant metams.
5. Atskleisti orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo kokybę.
Tyrimo metodai:
1. Mokslinės literatūros analizė;
2. Dokumentų turinio analizė;
3. Anketinė apklausa;
4. Aprašomoji statistika.
Rezultatai, išvados, pasiūlymai
Šiuolaikinės sporto organizacijos neatsilieka nuo verslo organizacijų, jos sugeba pritaikyti naujausius verslo modelius, technologijas, strateginio valdymo metodus. Gerai organizuotos ir sistemingai vykdomos varžybos turi turėti išliekamąją vertę, bet tik gerai organizuotos varžybos bus naudingos atletams bei teiks malonumą žiūrovams. Orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo ištakos siejamos, nuo turistinių sąskrydžių, kuriuo metu, jų dalyviai, kaip laisvalaikio praleidimo formą įtraukdavo šį sportą. Atlikus tyrimą buvo nustatyta, kad dauguma apklaustųjų yra nusivylę šio sporto organizavimo kokybe. Tačiau paskutiniųjų metų statistiniai duomenys rodo, jog dalyvių masiškumas auga. Atsižvelgus į tyrimo gautus rezultatus galima teigti, jog orientavimosi sporto organizavime yra trūkumu ir juos reiktu gerinti. Tyrimas atskleidžia, kad Lietuvoje trūksta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The object of the work: orienteering race quality improvement
The aim of the work: determine the quality of orienteering event quality gaps.
The goals of the work:
1. To examine the concept of sports organizations.
2. To define the specific organization of sporting events.
3. To reveal of orienteering events organizing and formation stages.
4. To estimate orienteering sports participants in a competition with the changing years.
5. To reveal of orienteering events organizing quality.
Methods of survey:
1. Analysis of scientific literature;
2. Content analysis of documents:
3. Questionnaire;
4. Descriptive statistics.
Modern sports organizations keeping pace with business organizations, they are able to adapt the latest business models, technologies and strategic management. Well organized and systematic race has to have lasting value, but only well-organized race will be useful for athletes and provide enjoyment to the audience. Orienteering race organizing origins are going back to the tourist hiking time. In that time participants include this sport as a leisure form. The investigation found out that most of the respondents are disappointed with the quality of organization of sport. But last year, statistics show that the massification of participants grows. Based on the study results suggest that orienteering is a lack of organization and they should be improved. The study reveals that orienteering organized in Lithuania has weaknesses in a high-level competition, which... [to full text]
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Король, Світлана Анатоліївна, Светлана Анатольевна Король та Svitlana Anatoliivna Korol. "Особливості техніко-тактичної підготовки орієнтувальників на початковому етапі в умовах ВНЗ". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55036.
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Спортивне орієнтування – один із видів неолімпійського спорту, що досить стрімко розвивається в Україні. Переважна більшість спортсменів починають займатися цим видом спорту ще в юнацькому віці, однак чимала кількість приходять до спортивної секції вже в студентські роки. Відповідно техніко-тактична підготовка таких спортсменів повинна відрізнятися від загальноприйнятої, яка застосовується в дитячо-юнацьких школах.
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Peška, Jaroslav. "Strojové chápání map a výpočet optimální cesty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413193.
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This masters thesis continues in the work of two previous theses dealing with machine understanding of maps and modelling terrain. The final program also has to be able to interpret position data from dataloggers and integrate it with the loaded map. The goal for the program is to serve during training of Czech orienteering runners. Position measurement and storage is researched first. Also researched are map markers used to define the terrain. Afterwards, past approaches are evaluated, including identification of most severe issues hindering the usage in real world applications. Many improvements are proposed, for example methods to remove noise in the input data, or to improve processing speed. Lastly, a set of possible improvements to the original applications are made, i.e. methods for denoising the input data or for speedup of the image processing. Proposed improvements are then implemented, the most impactful being processing speed and contour segmentation improvements.
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Sjögren, Jesper, and Frida Strömgård. "Naturen som arena : En studie i markåtkomstregler för orienteringssporten." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12797.
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Allemansrätten finns inte definierad i svensk lag, utan är baserad på sedvänja och gamla traditioner som kan dateras ända tillbaka till medeltiden. Allemansrätten är dock omnämnd i lagtexten, i regeringsformen 2 kap. 15 § 4 st. samt i miljöbalken 7 kap. 1 §. Det finns lagar som definierar de allra yttersta gränserna av allemansrätten, såsom brottsbalkens bestämmelser om bland annat åverkan, hemfridsbrott, tagande av olovlig väg och egenmäktigt förfarande. Allemansrätten är dock inte sådan att allt som inte är olagligt är tillåtet, utan allemansrätten kräver att hänsyn visas för att allemansrätten ska kunna åberopas. Även miljöbalkens 2 kap. allmänna hänsynsregler sätter gränser för vad alla som bedriver verksamhet i naturen måste följa. Exakt vad allemansrätten faktiskt tillåter är dock svårtolkat i och med avsaknaden av definition. När det gäller organiserat friluftsliv, vilket orientering klassas som, är allemansrätten än mer komplex. Alla deltagare vid ett arrangemang kan hålla sig inom allemansrättens ramar, men det betyder inte med säkerhet att arrangemanget som sådant kan arrangeras endast med stöd av allemansrätten. Studien avser att undersöka vad som krävs för att ett orienteringsarrangemang ska kunna bedrivas med stöd av allemansrätten, hur arrangörer idag säkrar åtkomst till mark för deras verksamhet samt hur kunskapsnivån angående allemansrätt och gällande lagstiftning ser ut bland arrangörer ser ut idag. En enkät skickades ut till 87 stycken föreningar i sydvästra Sverige för att undersöka hur föreningar säkrade åtkomst till mark i samband med deras verksamhet och arrangemang, vilka lagar, riktlinjer och policys som föreningar använder i samband med deras verksamhet samt om utbildning inom allemansrätten sker i föreningen. Enkäten visade att kunskapsnivån inom vissa avseenden är låg bland föreningarna. Föreningarna är bra på att genomföra samråd före arrangemang, men långt ifrån alla föreningar genomför samråd med markägare, nyttjanderättshavare och jakträttsinnehavare innan nyritning eller revidering av orienteringskartor, samt att endast åtta procent av föreningarna undervisar medlemmar i allemansrätten. Kontakt togs med myndigheter och förbund för att höra hur de ser på organiserat friluftsliv. De som kontaktades var Svenska Orienteringsförbundet, Naturvårdsverket, Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götaland samt Lantbrukarnas Riksförbund, LRF. Resultaten som erhölls från detta visade att det finns lite olika tolkningar på hur allemansrätten ska tillämpas. Svenska Orienteringsförbundet hävdar att allemansrätten är tillämplig vid tävlings- och träningsverksamhet och att inget formellt tillstånd krävs från markägaren, förutom för områdena som krävs för parkering, mål, start etc. Samråd ska dock ske med markägare, nyttjanderättshavare och jakträttsinnehavare före kartritning och arrangemang. LRF säger i princip samma sak, alla arrangemang kräver samråd med markägaren och andra nyttjanderättshavare, men de säger också att denne kan säga nej till ett arrangemang om det riskerar att skada naturen eller störa markägarens intressen. Naturvårdsverket sade att det inte går att generalisera allemansrätten, utan att enskilda bedömningar vid varje tillfälle måste göras. Slutsatsen som kan dras sett ur detta är att allemansrätten är tämligen komplex och att dra konkreta gränser för när allemansrätten gäller och inte gäller i samband med orienteringsverksamhet är svårt. Olika marktyper påverkas i olika grad när människor passerar, och vad som kan vara tillåten påverkan på en viss marktyp kan vara otillåten på en annan. Markägaren får inte eller åsamkas påtaglig skada eller olägenhet för att arrangemanget ska omfattas av allemansrätten, och vad som är påtaglig skada är även det svårdefinierat.<br>The right of public access is not defined in Swedish law but is based on custom and ancient traditions dating back to the Middle Ages. However, the right of access is mentioned in the legal text, in RF 2 chapter 15 § 4 pcs. as well as in MB 7 chapter 1 §. There are laws that define the utmost limits of the right of public access, such as the rules of brottsbalken such as åverkan, hemfridsbrott, tagande av olovlig väg and egenmäktigt förfarande. However, the right of public access does not define that everything that is not illegal is permitted, and the right of public access requires that respect is shown. Chapter 2 of miljöbalken, Allmänna hänsynsregler m.m. set limits for what all those engaged in activities in nature must follow. In terms of organized outdoor activities, which orienteering is classed as, the right of public access is even more complex. All participants in an event can be within the limits of the right of public access, but it does not mean that the entire event can be held solely based on the right of public access if the damage or disturbance done by all participants is too high. The study intends to investigate what is required for an orienteering event to be conducted based on the right of public access, how organizers today secure access to land for their events and how the level of knowledge regarding the right of public access and current law is today. A survey was sent to 87 associations in southwestern Sweden to investigate how associations secured access to land in connection with their activities and arrangements, which laws, guidelines and policies used by associations in connection with their activities as well as on education in the right of public access are in the association. The survey showed that the level of knowledge in some respects is low among the associations. The associations are good at conducting consultations prior to arrangements, but far from all associations contacted landowners, usufructuaries and owners of hunting rights prior to the making of orienteering maps. Also, only 8% of the associations teach members in right of public access. Contact was taken with authorities and federations to hear how they look at organized outdoor activities. Those who were contacted were the Swedish Orienteering Association, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the County Administrative Board and the Federation of Swedish Farmers. The results obtained from this showed that there are several interpretations on how the right of public access is applied. The Swedish Orienteering Association claims that the right of public access is applicable to all events and that no formal permission is required from the landowner, but consultation with the landowner, any usufructuaries and gamekeeper should always be held. The Federation of Swedish Farmers also says that consultation with the landowner, any usufructuaries and owners of hunting rights always is necessary and that they can deny access if the event has any risk of damaging or disturbing either the nature or the landowner’s interests. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency in their assessment said that it is not possible to generalize when the right of public access is applicable, without individual assessments at every individual situation. The conclusion that can be drawn from this is that the right to public access is quite complex and to lay down concrete limits for when the right of public access applies and not applicable in connection with orienteering events is difficult. Different land types are affected to a different extent when people pass, and what may be allowed impact in one area may not be allowed on another. Landowners shall not receive or incur material injury or inconvenience for the event to be covered by the right of public access, and what is material injury is also difficult to define.
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Bonnard, Anne. "Interpréter pour (inter)agir et apprendre : la course d'orientation en Education physique et sportive au Baccalauréat." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1028/document.
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Cette étude propose une approche centrée sur l’activité de l’élève telle que définie et expériencée en cours d’Education Physique et Sportive. Il s’agit d’accéder à ce qui fait sens pour lui/elle lorsque confronté à une situation de résolution de problème, étant entendu que la démarche menée est inductive, participante et internaliste. Le contexte de l’étude se place dans un cycle complet de Course d’Orientation (T = 16h de pratique effective ; 8 séances) mené par un enseignant expert de l’approche réflexive et de l’APSA, auprès d’une classe optionnaire de 19 élèves (âge moyen 17ans ½). Trois études sont menées afin de caractériser le fonctionnement des élèves confrontés à l’épreuve de Baccalauréat et à sa préparation. La première étude porte sur l’analyse de la performance à différents moments du cycle. La seconde étude porte sur les interactions entre profils moteurs, verbaux et réflexifs des élèves à partir des traces écrites de leur activité. La troisième étude s’intéresse, à partir d’un test ante/post cycle inspiré de la théorie des intelligences multiples de Gardner, à cerner l’évolution des capacités déclarées par les élèves. Les résultats montrent que les élèves voient leurs profils évoluer avec une réussite variable au cours du cycle ; ces profils s’expriment en contexte en fonction des situations d’apprentissage, des ressources mobilisées et de l’interprétation des relations carte/milieu naturel. Un suivi de cas permet d’individualiser les résultats qui viennent à la fois questionner la manière dont est abordée l’APSA Course d’Orientation et les stratégies complexes déployées par les élèves<br>This study focuses on the student’s activity as defined and experienced in Physical Education. The target was to reach what makes sense for him/her when confronted with a problem solving task. The method used an inductive, participative and internalist approach. The study’s context was an optional full learning cycle of Orienteering (T= 16 hours duration; 8 sequences; n = 19 students 17 and half years old) taught by an expert teacher on critical thinking approach and on this sport practice. Three studies are expected to characterize the student functioning when confronted with the Baccalaureat examination and preparation. The first study layed on the analyzis of the performance at different moments of the learning. The second study was on the interactions between student motor, verbal and reflective profiles from the written reports of their activity. The third study was based on the pre/post test inspired from Gardner’ theory of the multiple intelligences: it helped describing the evolution of the declared capabilities of the students. Results showed that student profiles evolve according to a variable success all along the learning cycle; these profiles express within the situated context according to the learning tasks, the mobilized resources and the interpretation of the relationship between the map and the effective natural environment. A case study allowed individualizing the observations so as to question at a time the way Orienteering has to be taught and the complex strategies used by students
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Yahiaoui, Ala-Eddine. "Selective vehicle routing problem : cluster and synchronization constraints." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2449/document.
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Le problème de tournées de véhicules (Vehicle Routing Problem - VRP) est un problème d'optimisation combinatoire utilisé généralement pour modéliser et résoudre des différents problèmes rencontrés dans les systèmes logistiques et de transport. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude et la résolution d'une classe de problèmes du VRP appelée les problèmes de courses d'orientation (Team Orienteering Problem - TOP). Dans cette catégorie de problèmes, il est a priori impossible de visiter tous les clients en raison de ressources limitées. On associe plutôt un profit à chaque client qui représente sa valeur. Ce profit est collecté lorsque le client est visité par l'un des véhicules disponibles. L'objectif est donc de sélectionner un sous ensemble de clients à servir tout en maximisant le profit total collecté. Dans un premier temps, nous avons introduit une nouvelle généralisation pour le TOP que nous avons appelé le Clustered TOP ou CluTOP. Dans cette variante, les clients sont regroupés en sous-ensembles appelés clusters auxquels nous associons des profits. Pour résoudre cette variante, nous avons proposé un schéma exact basé sur l'approche des plans sécants avec des inégalités valides supplémentaires et des pré-traitements. Nous avons également conçu une méthode heuristique basée sur l'approche order first-cluster second. Cette heuristique hybride combine une heuristique de type Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search qui explore l'espace des solutions et une procédure de découpage qui explore l'espace de recherche des tours géants. De plus, la procédure de découpage est renforcée par une recherche locale afin de mieux explorer l'espace de recherche. Le deuxième problème traité dans ce travail s'appelle le Synchronized Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (STOPTW). Cette variante avait été initialement proposée afin de modéliser des scénarios liés à la protection des infrastructures stratégiques menacées par l'avancée des feux de forêts. En plus des contraintes de fenêtres de temps et des visites synchronisées, cette variante considère le cas d'une flotte de véhicules hétérogène. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé une méthode heuristique basée sur l'approche GRASP×ILS qui est parvenue à dominer la seule approche existante dans la littérature. La dernière variante du TOP abordée dans cette thèse s'appelle le Set Orienteering Problem (SOP). Les clients dans cette variante sont regroupés en sous-ensembles appelés clusters. Un profit est associé à chaque groupe qui n'est obtenu que si au moins un client est desservi par le véhicule disponible. Nous avons proposé une méthode de coupes avec deux procédures de séparation pour séparer les contraintes d'élimination des sous-tours. Nous avons également proposé un algorithme Mémétique avec une procédure de découpage optimale calculée à l'aide de la programmation dynamique<br>The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a family of Combinatorial Optimization Problems generally used to solve different issues related to transportation systems and logistics. In this thesis, we focused our attention on a variant of the VRP called the Team Orienteering Problem (TOP). In this family of problems, it is a priory impossible to visit all the customers due to travel time limitation on vehicles. Instead, a profit is associated with each customer to represent its value and it is collected once the customer is visited by one of the available vehicles. The objective function is then to maximize the total collected profit with respect to the maximum travel time. Firstly, we introduced a new generalization for the TOP that we called the Clustered TOP (CluTOP). In this variant, the customers are grouped into subsets called clusters to which we associate profits. To solve this variant, we proposed an exact scheme based on the cutting plane approach with additional valid inequalities and pre-processing techniques. We also designed a heuristic method based on the order first-cluster second approach for the CluTOP. This Hybrid Heuristic combines between an ANLS heuristic that explores the solutions space and a splitting procedure that explores the giant tours search space. In addition, the splitting procedure is enhanced by local search procedure in order to enhance its coverage of search space. The second problem treated in this work is called the Synchronized Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (STOPTW). This variant was initially proposed in order to model scenarios related to asset protection during escaped wildfires. It considers the case of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles along with time windows and synchronized visits. To solve this problem, we proposed a heuristic method based on the GRASP×ILS approach that led to a very outstanding results compared to the literature. The last variant of the TOP tackled in this thesis called the Set Orienteering Problem (SOP). Customers in this variant are grouped into subsets called clusters. Each cluster is associated with a profit which is gained if at least one customer is served by the single available vehicle. We proposed a Branch-and-Cut with two separation procedures to separate subtours elimination constraints. We also proposed a Memetic Algorithm with an optimal splitting procedure based on dynamic programming
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Panchártek, Jan. "Podklady pro tvorbu mapy pro orientační běh." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226211.
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This thesis is about using airborne laser scanning data for making maps for Orienteering. In this thesis were used altimetry data DMR 4G and DMR 5G. These data are provided by ČUZK. The control measuring was made in choosen area to verify the accuracy. In this thesis is described procedure of data collection and their treatment. The results of this thesis are two illustrations of the orienteering maps.
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Nowik, Daniel, and Amanda Tellström. "Orientering som friluftsliv? : En kvalitativ undersökning om hur lärare i idrott och hälsa talar om relationen mellan orientering och friluftsliv." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5780.
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Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur idrottslärare i årskurs 7-9 talar om relationen mellan orientering och friluftsliv i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Frågeställningarna studien avser besvara är följande: Hur bedrivs undervisningen i friluftsliv och orientering? Vilka geografiska områden används för friluftslivsundervisning? Hur används de geografiska områdena i undervisningen? Metod Datainsamlingen till studien gjordes i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån en intervjuguide. Sju idrottslärare från årskurs 7-9 intervjuades, fem från Stockholms län varav två verksamma i innerstaden, en från Södermanlands län samt en från Norrbottens län. Urvalet skedde genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Transkriberingen analyserades med hjälp av diskursanalys som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultat Diskursanalysen av hur idrottslärare talar om relationen mellan friluftsliv och orientering resulterade i en övergripande diskurs där själva undervisningen i friluftsliv framträder som bestående av aktiviteter. Orientering beskrevs vidare som ett kunskapsområde som kunde integreras i friluftsundervisningen. Friluftslivsundervisnings olika aktiviteter ses av flera lärare som förberedande delar inför vandringar och övernattningar. Närområdets ansågs ha stor betydelse då det just gav möjligheter till dessa förberedande aktiviteter. I talet om undervisning i friluftsliv och orientering framkom även behovet av mer resurser och mer av ämnesöverskridande planeringstid. Vid genomgången av det empiriska materialet framkom även att eleverna hade svårt att uppfatta syftet med de aktiviteter som genomfördes, vilket resulterade i att undervisningen i friluftsliv många gånger präglades av omotiverade elever. Slutsats I diskursanalysen av lärarnas tal framträder att lärarna har en mycket en öppen tolkning av kursplanen, där orientering utgör en aktivitet bland andra inom friluftsliv. Skolans närområde tilldelas stor betydelse och används för aktiviteter. Den öppna skrivningen i kursplanen ger idrottslärare möjligheter att bedriva aktiviteter utan att placera in dem i ett mer övergripande sammanhang. En möjlig lösning som gör att momentet friluftsliv och utevistelse kan inkluderas mer i undervisningen, är dels mer tid till undervisningen, dels en ämnesöverskridande planering. Detta skulle kunna skapa möjligheter till en rödare tråd än vad som återfinns idag. Friluftsliv och andra typer av ämnesinnehåll skulle kunna särskiljas tydligare.<br>Abstract Aim and research questions The purpose of this study is to examine how physical education (PE) teachers from grades 7-9 view the relationship between orienteering and friluftsliv within their teaching. The study aims to answer the following questions: How do PE teachers use orienteering and friluftsliv in their teaching? Which geographical areas are used during lessons focusing on friluftsliv? In what ways are these geographical areas being used by PE teachers? Method The data was collected through semi structured interviews which followed an interview guide. Seven PE teachers were interviewed, of which five teach came within the Stockholm area, one from Norrbotten and one from Södermanland. The teachers were selected through a convenient sample. The interviews were recorded, transcribed to text documents and thereafter analyzed by using a discourse analysis. Results The discourse analysis showed that the teachers view friluftsliv as a teaching area for physical activities. This was further explained by the teachers´ strive to organize the friluftsliv education using activities named by the curriculum. The teachers viewed these activities as preparations for other outdoor activities, such as longer hikes. The discourse around orienteering was that orienteering was an integrated part of friluftsliv. The open interpretation of the curriculum by the teachers led in some cases to activities being chosen without much reflection on their actual purpose. Furthermore, the empirical material showed that students did not know the purpose of certain activities, which affected their overall motivation for friluftsliv education. An important aspect for all teachers in this study is the geographical areas close to the school. Another aspect is the PE teachers´ desire for more cooperation with other school subjects. The PE teachers also expressed that they wanted a solution which could create more time for friluftsliv in their teaching, which would make it easier to organize meaningful activities. Conclusion The discourses connected to how the teachers talk about friluftsliv and orienteering shows that friluftsliv is mainly viewed as an area for physical activity. When discussing geographical areas close to the school, a discourse was created which highlighted the significance of this aspect, together with friluftsliv as a means of preparation for other outdoor activities. More cooperation with other subjects has potential to create more time for friluftsliv, making it easier to separate orienteering from this teaching area.
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Chuang, Pei-Chi, and 莊珮琪. "Aesthetics Experience in Orienteering." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72566362774323438393.
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博士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>體育學系<br>104<br>This research adopts the phenomenological research method to describe the beautiful and the sublime in orienteering embodied experience, and aims to present aesthetic values and meanings in the practice. In orienteering, runners must navigate independently through the terrain aided only by map and compass. They visit a number of controls marked on the ground, and compete against the clock. In orienteering, orienteers experience the beautiful in Kant’s concepts, which composed of disinterestedness, universality, purposeless purposiveness and necessity. They also sensed the sublime that is shifted between object and subject. To sum up, participating in orienteering provides one to discover the beauty of humanity and the sublime of morality. Further, to experience the harmony of certainty and repetition, and the conflict of uncertainty and difference. And finally, to achieve an “oneness of human and nature” world. The writer hope to deliver a peaceful message to bridge the gap between human and the Nature, and create a lived world that is beneficial to each other.
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Tseng, Cheng-yuan, and 曾振源. "Orienteering athletic coaches perception of professional competencies." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32067397738442337147.
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碩士<br>康寧大學<br>休閒管理研究所<br>99<br>The purpose of this study was to understand Taiwan's current overview of the development of Orienteering in order to understand the Taiwan people orienteering athletic coaches background and expertise knowledge of the situation, to provide the unit to plan courses and workshops arranged internship as a reference, to encourage coaches Orienteering Enhance the professional capacity of self awareness, develop their potential to increase the practical experiences and activities to assist in the promotion of orienteering. Purposive sampling in this study conducted a questionnaire sample survey, a total of 600 questionnaires, data collected by independent sample t test, analysis of variance statistical methods for data processing, Ji hoped that this study can provide follow-up of units and Persons and other reference, the relevant units in the development of expectations of orienteering at the same time, a better understanding of the actual needs, attention to the development of coaching expertise to help upgrade Taiwan's technological level orienteering, development and promotion of orienteering to the general public , Thus contributing to the quality of the development of orienteering, orienteering improve the standard of Taiwan, then Taiwan to the world orienteering stage.
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Yang, Zong-Yeh, and 楊宗燁. "Bi-objective Simulated Annealing for Orienteering Problem." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4grbyh.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工業管理系<br>105<br>Unlike Single-objective programming, the difficulty of Multi-objective programming lies in how to evaluate the different categories of objectives, such as planning the moving speed and money cost during a journey, or analyzing and calculating the conflicting feature between the natural Ecological index and Humanities index. Travelers often encounter numerous characteristics in different tourist attractions, and it becomes hard for them to make choices due to the limitation of time and money. However, in a Multi-objective programming, the case that contains only one optimal solution is very rare, therefore, it is necessary to set up a set of Noninferior Solutions, and then provide these solutions for travelers’ own assessment, reference or visit.
Various studies in the past simplifies a problem into a Single-objective function by increasing weights, and adjusts the searching direction of near solutions by arranging the weights. Nevertheless, this method doesn’t take into account the relative position between the near solutions produced by the all solutions set, and the existing Noninferior solutions set when conducting near solution searching. As a consequence, this study develops an optimal Multi-objective programming algorithm by combining Simulated Annealing and the relative position between weight function and its solution.