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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paediatrics / paediatrics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Star, Kristina. "Safety of Medication in Paediatrics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197323.

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Background: In paediatrics, the limited documentation to guide medication, the lack of suitable dosage forms, and the continuous development in childhood present a scenario where safety of medication is a particular challenge. Aim: To explore reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the challenges in prescribing and administering medicines in paediatrics, in order to identify and suggest areas needing international surveillance within medication safety and improvement in the clinical setting. Methods: Four exploratory studies were conducted. Worldwide reporting of suspected ADRs (individual

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2

Boss, Patricia M., and res cand@acu edu au. "Indicators of Satisfaction & Success For a Paediatric Outreach Nursing Service in Metropolitan Sydney, NSW." Australian Catholic University. School of Nursing, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp118.25102006.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the indicators of customer satisfaction and service success of a newly established paediatric outreach nursing service. Referring agents and care recipients were both consumers of the paediatric outreach nursing service. Both groups of consumers were surveyed to determine their satisfaction with the service delivery. Two satisfaction survey tools were developed to measure customer satisfaction. The tools were piloted and refined prior to distributing them. Both tools had a series of closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Eight service indi

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3

Moore, Ryan. "International Normalised Ratio Monitoring in Children: Comparing the accuracy of portable point-of-care monitors to standard of care laboratory monitoring at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32880.

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Background. There is an increasing trend in the use of long-term oral anticoagulation therapy in children. Monitoring the international normalised ratio (INR) is an integral part in management of these patients, but standard laboratory testing of the INR presents challenges in this age group. Point-of-care INR monitors such as the Mission® PT/INR monitor provide advantages in efficiency and accessibility but have not been evaluated for accuracy in the South African paediatric setting. Objectives. This is a feasibility study with the aim to evaluate the accuracy of the Mission® PT/INR Monitor i

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4

Naidoo, Nayestha. "Neonatal Sepsis And Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns At A South African Tertiary Nursery – Evolution Over A 15 Year Period." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31063.

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Background Neonatal infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in babies. The causative pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns should be monitored so that treatment regimens can be adjusted to maintain efficacy and avoid selection of resistant organisms. Objectives To compare the incidence of culture positive neonatal sepsis; and to describe the pathogens and antibiotic resistance profiles for significant organsims over a 15-year period in a tertiary nursery in Cape Town. Methods Retrospective blood culture data for 12 months were collected at three time p

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5

Lupton-Smith, Alison Rosalie. "An investigation into regional ventilation in infants and children; its distribution and determinants." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24911.

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Changing body position is commonly used in the management of individuals with respiratory diseases and those receiving mechanical ventilation, in order to optimise ventilation and oxygenation. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prone positioning is reported to improve oxygenation by recruiting collapsed dorsal lung regions, although this has not been confirmed in children. Ventilation distribution is well established in adults as being gravity dependent. Clinical practice in the paediatric population has been guided by the notion that all children, irrespective of the presence or a

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6

Githinji, Leah Nyawira. "Lung function in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31387.

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Background: Lung disease is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and adolescents. As antiretroviral programmes have strengthened and HIV diagnosed earlier, survival of perinatally HIV-infected children has improved. Therefore, an increasing number of perinatally HIV-infected children are surviving into adolescence, with development of chronic multisystem disease including chronic lung disease (CLD). However, there is limited information on the determinants, spectrum and progression of lung disease. Lung function testing, an objective, non-invasive,

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7

Horn, Alan Richard. "Early prediction of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants in a resource-limited setting." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11188.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) after birth is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited regions. Therapeutic hypothermia initiated within the first 6 hours of life, in settings that can offer neonatal intensive care, is a therapy that can reduce death or severe disability in newborn infants with moderate or severe HIE. Therapeutic hypothermia has not been shown to be safe or effective in low-resource settings where neonatal intensive care is not available; however, there are situations such as in som

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8

Thompson, Mary Clare. "Neurodevelopmental outcome of the high risk infant in Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25807.

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The outcome of high risk infants provides an important audit of neonatal care. This audit renders valuable information to clinicians, parents and health care planners. Available outcome data from the developing world are sparse and urgently needed. This work was compiled with three aims in mind: to provide data from Cape Town on outcome of high risk infants (including both infants of very low birthweight and infants who have survived hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy); to evaluate selected early neurodevelopmental assessments of these infants; and to propose a protocol for their effective follo

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9

Gray, Claudia Liesel. "The prevalence and patterns of IgE-mediated food allergy and sensitisation in South African children with atopic dermatitis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12874.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Background: The prevalence of food allergy in South Africa is unknown, but previously thought to be low, particularly in black South Africans. We hypothesised that food allergies would be low in Xhosa patients, even those at increased risk of food allergy such as children with atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, patterns and risk factors for, IgE-mediated food allergy in South African children with moderate to severe AD. It is the first food allergy prevalence study in South Africa to utilise controlled food challenge

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10

Botes, Alida Maria. "A description of the characteristics at presentation of children diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus from 2005-2009 at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22985.

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Objective: To document the demographics, the pattern of clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of diagnoses for all the newly diagnosed diabetics younger than 14 years reviewed at the Diabetic clinic at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMH) during 2005-2009. Method: A retrospective folder review was done of all the newly diagnosed diabetics younger than 14 years old at the age of diagnosis. 225 patients were included for analysis. Patients were grouped according to age into a young group (1 month to < 5 years old), a middle group (5years - < 9 years) and an older

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11

Laurence, Craig. "Correlation between pro-inflammatory alleles and clinical and laboratory markers of allergy in Xhosa South Africans." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22821.

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Background: Asthma and allergic disease are the result of a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure. It is likely that multiple genes are involved in the progression from allergen exposure to the development of signs and symptoms of allergic disease. Although advances in genetic research have progressed exponentially in the past twenty years, and a growing body of evidence from the developed world has yielded several promising candidate polymorphisms, the precise nature of the genetic basis for allergic disease remains to be elucidated. In addition, there

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12

Weakley, Kate. "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in two tertiary centres in the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10744.

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is defined as arthritis of unknown aetiology that begins before the 16th birthday and persists for at least 6 weeks, other conditions being excluded. As JIA is a disease with serious functional implications, a descriptive study would not be complete without reviewing both the functional and clinical parameters of the disease. There has been very little African data on this subject. The objective of this study is to describe the functional disability and clinical disease characteristics in a sample of children diagnosed with JIA in Cape Town, South Africa.

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13

Nuttall, James Jolyon Care. "The performance of HIV rapid antibody detection assays in children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20296.

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Background: HIV rapid antibody assays are important for screening children aged <18 months for HIV exposure and children ≥ 18 months for HIV infection. Limited available data indicate variable performance of different HIV rapid tests in comparison to laboratory HIV antibody assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 6 HIV rapid tests currently used in South Africa for screening children using whole blood. Methods: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional laboratory study was conducted at two paediatric healthcare facilities in South Africa. Sensitivity and sp

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14

Omarjee, Zakiyya. "An audit of endocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngiomas at Red Cross Children's Hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital from 1976 to 2004." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26765.

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Background: Craniopharyngiomas account for 6-10% of childhood brain tumours and are the third most common intracranial tumours of childhood. Despite their benign histological appearance, they are often associated with a poor outcome and have significant associated morbidity. Aim: To analyse the data of children with craniopharyngiomas at Red Cross Children's Hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital from 1976 to 2004 with respect to age at presentation, presenting symptoms and preoperative and post-operative endocrine dysfunction. Patients and methods: The records of 45 children aged between 9 month

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15

Spittal, Graeme William. "Characteristics of childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6016.

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16

Wiles, Jodi Isaacs. "Descriptive study evaluating the use of the Road to Health card by doctors in a tertiary paediatric hospital setting." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20295.

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Background: The South African Road to Health Card (RTHC) is a parent-held personal child health record used by health professionals and parents to monitor the health and development of a child. Low possession and retention of the RTHC by parents, as well as inadequate use of RTHC by health professionals, have lessened its efficacy and purpose. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the level of possession of the RTHC by a sample of caregivers of patients admitted to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH), and to determine the extent and accuracy of doctors' transfer of clinical

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17

Procter, Claire. "Lumbar punctures in the paediatric emergency medicine department at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital: An evaluation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20854.

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Background: Lumbar punctures (LPs) are frequently performed in the paediatric medical emergency unit (MEU) department to diagnose or exclude meningitis. Unsuccessful lumbar punctures (LPs) cause diagnostic uncertainty which may prolong hospital stay and result in unnecessary antibiotic treatment and increased costs to the hospital and patients. It is important to determine factors that may be effective in reducing unsuccessful LPs. There is a paucity of studies on this topic from sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results and the use of sedation has not previously bee

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18

North, Natasha. "What is the capacity of the children's nursing workforce in seven selected Sub-Saharan African countries? Gathering insights from Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29838.

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Background This study attempted to identify as far as possible the extent of the children’s nursing workforce in five selected countries in the sub-Saharan African region. Strengthening children’s nursing training has been recommended as a primary strategy to reduce the underfive mortality rate in African nations, including South Africa and Malawi. The current level of data monitoring capacity worldwide means that it is not possible to disaggregate the children’s nursing workforce in countries in the World Health Organisation African Region from the data provided by the WHO Global Atlas of t

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19

Switala, Juli. "Evaluation of children with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital 1991-2010." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11104.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare haematological disorder in children. However, this is probably an underestimation due to the difficulty in diagnosing the disease. HLH is characterized clinically by persistent fevers, organomegaly, cytopaenias and typical biochemical derangements viz. hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperferritinaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia. Other associated findings include decreased natural killer cell (NKC) function and raised soluble CD 25. The exact pathophysiology of HLH is not completely understood but involves a trigge

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20

Browde, Kate. "Indication for and outcomes of continuous Positive Airways Pressure (CPAP) and High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in children admitted to Red Cross War Memorial's Hospital (RCWMCH) excluding those with primary respiratory aetiologies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25195.

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Aim: Noninvasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) and High Flow Nasal Cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) are non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modalities appropriate for children in developing countries. There is minimal literature describing nCPAP and HFNC use in children with respiratory compromise secondary to non-pulmonary disease. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of all children without primary lung pathology, who received nCPAP and HFNC during their admission to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospe

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21

Wicht, Carl Bryce. "Development and validation of a questionaire as a screening tool for developmental disability in 9 month old infants : September 1996 - January 1997." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26767.

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In the past two decades major focus has been placed on child's rights, survival and development. This has occurred both on an international level and, since the inception of the Government of National Unity (GNU) in South Africa, nationally, provincially and locally through various development programmes. Development in a child concerns the sequential acquisition of cognitive, motor and social skills. Adverse biological and environmental factors will have a major negative impact on a child's development. It is therefore crucial that children affected by these adverse factors are identified as

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22

Webb, Nicholas Guy. "Assessment of the efficacy and efficiency of rapid rehydration in children with dehydration due to gastroenteritis in the rehydration unit of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27083.

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Background: Dehydration due to acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a leading cause of child death worldwide. The primary treatment is enteral rehydration. Children who fail a trial of oral fluids require rehydration in hospital, preferably via nasogastric tube. Traditionally, children have been rehydrated over 24 hours; 'Standard Rehydration' (SR). Most treatment guidelines now recommend 'Rapid Rehydration' (RR) over 4-6 hours. There are limited data comparing RR to SR, especially from low-resource settings. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and efficiency of RR in children with AGE in the Re

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23

Hendricks, Lesley Jill. "An analysis of the phenotypic features of chromosomes 22q11.1 deletion syndrome at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29805.

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Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder. It is the second most commonly occurring syndrome, Trisomy 21 being the most common. It is the most common microdeletion syndrome. The clinical range of features with which affected individuals present is very broad and includes congenital heart disease (particularly conotruncal malformations), palatal abnormalities, characteristic facial features, and learning difficulties. In total, there are more than 180 different phenotypic features associated with 22qDS. Due to the wide variability of phenotypic fea

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24

Daniels, Adriaan. "Examining the reliability of discharge ICD coding in the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital administrative database." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29811.

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Background: Discharge diagnostic data from hospital administrative databases are often used to inform decisions relating to a variety of vital applications. These may include the allocation of resources, quality of care assessments, clinical research and for the formulation of healthcare policy to name a few. Having accurately coded and reliably captured discharge data for patients is of paramount importance for any hospital and health system to function efficiently. Objectives: 1. Retrospectively examine the reliability of the ICD discharge coding in the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hosp

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Sher, Rebecca Yael Nthabiseng. "Patterns of Detectable Viral Load in a cohort of HIV-infected adolescents on antiretroviral therapy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29716.

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Background Despite improved treatment and access to care, adolescent AIDS deaths are decreasing more slowly than in any other age group. There is lack of longitudinal data around adolescent adherence and the dynamics of viraemia over time. We aimed to describe patterns of detectable viral load in a cohort of adolescents attending an antiretroviral clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients on ART aged 10-19 years. Participants were included if they underwent at least two HIV viral load (VL) measurements and attended the Groo

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26

Le, Roux David Martin. "Incidence of bacteraemia in HIV-infected children in Africa, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11483.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>From November 2002 to December 2006, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial investigated the incidence of tuberculosis and the overall mortality in a cohort of HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa. They were randomized to receive either Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) or placebo. In addition, they were randomized to receive trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaxole prophylaxis on either a daily or a three-times-per-week schedule. The aim: To describe the incidence of bacteraemia, and the spectrum of organisms cultured. To determi

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27

Machingaidze, Pamela Rudo. "The clinical use and indications for head computed tomography scans in paediatric ambulatory care (short stay ward and medical emergencies) at a children’s hospital over a one-year period, 1st January-31st December 2013." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29345.

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Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an indispensable tool in the management of acute paediatric illness. It offers quick answers, allowing timely lifesaving decision-making. Clinical evidence is required to maximise its benefits against radiation-exposure risks to patients and cost to the healthcare system. Aims: The study aimed to retrospectively investigate clinical presentation and indications of head CT at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Methods: Records of children presenting with acute illness to the medical emergency unit, excluding trauma, of Red Cross War Memorial Chil

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Westwood, Anthony Thomas Read. "Cystic fibrosis in children and adolescents in the Western Cape : epidemiological and clinical aspects." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10745.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-314).<br>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations on chromosome 7 in the gene for the CFTR protein. This gene encodes for a chloride channel on the apical surface of certain epithelial cells. The clinical manifestations of CF largely arise out of the resultant defect in water and electrolyte secretions in exocrine glands and epithelia such as are found in the pancreas, respiratory, gastrointestinal and genital tracts and sweat glands. First delineated as a clinical entity in the mid-20th century, CF was s

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Wege, Martha Helena. "A retrospective review of the prevalence and management of anaemia in children in at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19898.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>Introduction Childhood anaemia is a major public health problem, iron deficiency being most common. WHO estimates anaemia to occur in 24.1% of pre-school South African children. Our study describes prevalence and management of anaemia in children aged 6 - 36 months presenting to a children's hospital. Methods In a retrospective cross-sectional study, laboratory data were used to estimate prevalence of anaemia in children aged 6 - 36 month presenting to medical emergency or ambulatory services of Red Cross Children's Hospital in 2012. A random sample of 50

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Reddy, Deveshnee. "Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13974.

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Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is now increasingly recognised as an important cause of nosocomial infections in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients, particularly in developing countries, where it contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, it has been documented that emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns complicate antibiotic choice in these patients. At present, more paediatric data is needed regarding these infections. This is a retrospective case-control study that aims to document the demographic data and relevant clinical details of patients

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Lampel, Netanya. "Screening of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene and its receptor 1 (TNFR1) gene for DNA alterations and the subsequent investigation of these and an IL12p40 polymorphism for an association with paediatric tuberculosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8628.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-96).<br>Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterised by diverse outcomes; the majority of infected individuals remain well and yet others develop disease ranging from limited pulmonary tuberculosis to severe disseminated disease. The reasons for this diverse outcome are poorly understood, but host factors are thought to play an important role. In particular, a genetic component to susceptibility to tuberculosis has been proposed. An important clue was the description of a group of Maltese children with an unusual susceptibility to pr

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Robertson, Gillian. "Hypernatraemic gastroenteritis in critically ill children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9261.

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33

Levin, Lindsey Nicola. "Biliary atresia at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital: A retrospective descriptive study reviewing the age of presentation, clinical course and outcome of infants presenting to RCWMCH with biliary atresia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22822.

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Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive obstructive cholangiopathy of unknown aetiology, occurring during the perinatal period. If left untreated it rapidly progresses to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with death occurring within 2 years. It is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the paediatric population and remains the most common indication for paediatric liver transplantation in South Africa. Objectives: Despite a wealth of information from developed countries, very little information is available in Africa and other developing nations. This study aimed to describe t

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Hutton, Hayley. "Clinical features and outcome of patients with severe lower respiratory tract infection admitted to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24501.

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Objective: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries (LMIC). This study aims to describe the clinical features of children admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with severe ALRTI and to investigate risk factors, clinical course and in-hospital outcome. Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Patients: 265 children (0-12years) admitted to the PICU during 2012 with a primary diagnosis of ALRTI. Intervention:

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Thomas, Karla Mari. "Bacterial meningitis in neonates and children South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10743.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Acute bacterial meningitis is defined as the inflammation of the meninges. It is caused by various bacteria and the specific aetiology is age dependant. In the neonatal period the causative organisms are: Group B streptococci, Gram - negative bacilli (e.g.: E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Salmonella spp) and Listeria monocytogenes. In infants and children up to the age of 5 the most common causative organisms include: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)and Neiseria meningitidis. The two chief causes of bacterial menin

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Chippendale, Sa-Eeda. "Severe allergic reactions at a tertiary paediatric service 2014 - 2016." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29566.

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Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalized hypersensitivity reaction. The European Anaphylaxis Registry was established to review and improve medical management of these patients, facilitate accurate comparisons between centres, highlight public health implications, and examine trends in treatment over time. This is replicated here in a South African setting. Methods: Participants comprised patients treated at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) for severe allergic reactions between January 2014 and August 2016. Recruitment was by applying relevant ICD-

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Vandenbroucke, Natalie Joëlle. "Lung function determinants and mortality of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis in South Africa 2007-2016." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31782.

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Objectives: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the commonest inherited disorders in South Africa, affecting all population groups. Progressive pulmonary disease with declining forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the main predictor of morbidity and mortality in individuals with CF. This study aimed to describe the change in lung function, nutritional status and mortality of children and adolescents with CF, attending the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) CF Clinic and to identify factors associated with poor pulmonary function outcomes and mortality. Methods: A retros

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38

Hatherill, Mark. "Transport of critically ill children in a resource-limited setting." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10987.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Transportation of critically ill children by inexperienced personnel may be associated with increased risk of transfer-related adverse events and mortality. To audit paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer activity and transfer-related adverse events in a resource-limited setting. Twenty-two bed regional PICU of a university children's hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Prospective one-year audit of all children transferred directly to PICU from other hospitals. Data were collected for patient demographics and diagnostic category, referring hosp

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Copelyn, Julie. "Short-term outcomes of downreferral in provision of paediatric antiretroviral therapy at Red Cross War Memorial Childrens Hospital, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22761.

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Background: The large scale-up of paediatric HIV care necessitated down-referral of many children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH). No published data exists on the outcomes of these children. Objectives: To assess clinical, immunological and virological outcomes of children receiving ART in the first 12 months after down-referral to primary health care (PHC) clinics, and identify determinants of successful down-referral. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children <15 years of age who commenced ART at RCWMCH and

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Mukuddem-Sablay, Zakira. "Adenovirus-associated pneumonia in South African children : presentation, clinical course and outcome." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16697.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>Background: Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Viruses have emerged as important aetiological agents in childhood pneumonia. The aim of this study was to document the clinical presentation, severity and outcome of adenoviral-associated pneumonia (AVP) in children and identify risk factors associated with poor outcome. Methods: A retrospective study of laboratory-confirmed AVP cases was conducted between 1 January and 31 December 2011. The medical records of adenovirus PCR positive respiratory tract samples identified t

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Frigati, Lisa Jane. "The impact of isoniazid preventative therapy and antiretroviral therapy on tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected children in a high TB incidence setting." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10467.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effect of IPT [INH preventative therapy] and ART [antiretroviral therapy] on TB incidence in HIV-infected children. A cohort analysis will be performed using data from a prospective, double-blinded placebo controlled trial of INH versus placebo in HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa.

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Moore, David Paul. "Aspect of tuberculosis case management at Red Cross Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10863.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-165).<br>Aim: To describe the spectrum of tuberculosis in children <15 years of age attending Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between January 2006 and December 2008. Methods: A retrospective review of a paper-based Notifications Register and a database of culture-confirmed tuberculosis were undertaken. Laboratory and clinical data were analysed. Results: 1,314 episodes of tuberculosis were identified amongst 1,300 children. 433 (33%) of all cases were culture-confirmed; however, 120 (27.7%) of all culture-confirme

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Argent, Andrew Charles. "The mechanics of breathing in acute severe croup." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10054.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Croup is a common respiratory illness that has been recognized for many years. Despite recent advances in the utilization of steroids to treat the condition, it remains a significant cause of morbidity in children. In the developing world it may also remain a significant cause of mortality. Despite comprehensive descriptions of the disease process, its aetiological agents and clinical course, there are very few descriptions of the mechanics of breathing in croup. In addition there are very few methods described of measuring the seve

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Van, Dyk Jessi Grace. "Maternal methamphetamine use during pregnancy and subsequent neurodevelopmental and psychological sequelae in the child - a Cape Town experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14814.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Methamphetamine, part of the amphetamine group of drugs, was first discovered in Japan in 1919. It has been clandestinely manufactured in the United States since the 1960s, and is still legally produced there as a nasal inhalant, as treatment for Attention Deficit Disorder and exogenous obesity, as well as off-label treatment for narcolepsy. (1) It is a cheap (about R15- 30 per 'straw'), easily obtainable, odourless, white powder, which has a bitter, taste, but dissolves easily in water or alcohol. Known as, amongst others, ' speed', 'ice', 'crystal',

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Meyer, Mandy-Lyn. "A review of children admitted to a regional hospital in Cape Town with community acquired pneumonia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20297.

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Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in children under - five. Epidemiology in our province at regional level has not been described since 2004, when HAART was rolled out and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) was introduced. Objectives: Describe the demographic profile, disease severity, risks for transfer and mortality and the management of children >2 months, admitted with CAP over a one year period. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of every second patient (>2 months to 13 years) admitted to Somerset Hospital in 2012 with the diagnosis of CAP. Demographic, clini

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Mvalo, Tisungane Knox Titus. "Blood stream infections in oncology patients at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27377.

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Background: Infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children with cancer, which may be related to the cancer or treatment received. There is paucity of data on the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this knowledge gap, the present study was conducted at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Structured literature review: From 1 April 2016 to 31 May 2016 a PubMed search was undertaken on BSI in Paediatric Oncology. The search string used was (bacteraemia OR blood stream infection) AND (p

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Ayuk, Adaeze Chikaodinaka. "Environmental risk factors for asthma in 13-14 year old African children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29369.

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BACKGROUND: Asthma prevalence in African children is high and increasing, with more severe disease than that in high income countries. Specific factors driving the rising prevalence or disease severity are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate environmental factors associated with asthma and severity in African children using data obtained from International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, (ISAAC) III. METHODS: A population based cross-sectional study of children aged 13-14 years from 10 African centres who participated in ISAAC III from randomly selected sc

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Nupen, Tracey Lee. "Characteristics and outcome of long-stay patients in a paediatric intensive care unit in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19902.

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Objectives: To describe a rational basis for the definition of a long-stay patient (LSP) in a South African paediatric intensive care unit (PICU); to review the characteristics and outcomes of the patients who comply with the LSP definition; to assess the proportion of resources allocated to the LSP cohort; and to determine if the results of this study could be used as a predictive tool for future admissions. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected over one calendar year (2009) from a 20-bedded multidisciplinary PICU was conducted. The definition of a LSP in this s

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Akhalwaya, Shehnaaz. "Management of paediatric immune thrombocytopaenia in a South African centre from 1991-2011." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22793.

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Three hundred and seventeen patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for immune thrombocytopenia presented to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between 1991 and 2011. We retrospectively reviewed these patients in order to describe patient demography, the natural history of the disease, and different approaches to diagnosis and management. There were 162 males and 155 female patients. The median age of onset was 3.48 years old (IQR 1.66-6.36). In the 4 weeks preceding presentation, 98 (31%) patients had a viral illness. The median presenting platelet count was 7 x 109/L (IQR 3-14.5). P

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Ocheke, Isaac Ejembi. "An audit of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction at Red Cross Children's Hospital : a six year review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11189.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-57).<br>Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction is an important cause of congenital renal and urinary tract abnormality. It is the commonest cause of antenatally detected hydronephrosis. The increasing use of antenatal ultrasound as a screening tool for congenital abnormalities in the developing foetus has resulted in a more frequent rate of detection of foetal hydronephrosis with the likely consequence of significant anxiety among parents. This is because most of these infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis will be subjected to frequent rad

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