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1

Lee, Kit-tak Jessica, and 李潔德. "Conservation and recreation in country parks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258293.

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2

Geruso, Joshua Thomas. "Job Satisfaction of Full-Time Atlantic Coast Conference Board of Certification Certified Athletic Trainers." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01032008-154817/.

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Despite research indicating high levels of job satisfaction reducing turnover in the working community, there is limited research regarding the factors which attribute to job satisfaction of athletic trainers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting athletic trainers. Full-time Board of Certification certified athletic trainers of the Atlantic Coast Conference were sent a copy of the Job Satisfaction Survey electronically. The results show that athletic trainers are more satisfied than the average American and the average medical professional. They also show the most important factors to job satisfaction of athletic trainers are amount of help, hours worked, and institution type. This research and accompanying recommendations will decrease the level of turnover in the athletic training population.
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Witmer, Larissa Kathryn. "Adolescent Girls' Perceptions of Physical Activity and Health." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04252009-122914/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine middle school females' perceptions of physical activity, eating, and physical health. This research considers several key issues, including high obesity rates, girls' lack of physical activity, the decrease in physical activity during adolescence, and teenagers' failure to meet nutritional guidelines. A qualitative approach was selected to gain a deeper understanding of the significance girls place on these health behaviors and some of the factors that go into their decisions about leisure time activity and eating. Four focus groups were conducted in central North Carolina with a total of 28 girls in sixth through eighth grades. Data were analyzed with ATLAS.ti 5.2. Four themes emerged from the analysis: perceptions of health, social norms, family, and enjoyment. Recommendations are given for ways to encourage healthy diets and PA participation in adolescent girls.
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4

Murphy, Jill Marie. "EFFECT OF A ONE-TIME TEAM BUILDING EXERCISE ON TEAM COHESION WHEN WORKING WITH A NCAA DIVISION I WOMEN'S BASKETBALL TEAM." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010415-202839.

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<p>MURPHY, JILL MARIE. The Effect of a One-Time Team Building Exercise on Team Cohesion when working with a NCAA Division I Women?s Basketball Team. Dr. Aram Attarian, Committee Chair. The purpose of this preliminary study was to measure the effects on a one-time team building exercise on team cohesion. A NCAA Division I women?s basketball team participated in this study. The team building exercise used was a rescue simulation. The instrument used to measure team cohesion was the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The GEQ was administered one week prior and one week after the rescue simulation. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel with StatPlus. After analyzing the data, no significant changes were found between the pretest and posttest. <P>
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5

Banks, Carrie Elizabeth. "Disentangling the Influence of Community and Place Attachment on Resident Attitudes toward Tourism Development." NCSU, 2010. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01082010-162020/.

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Though there is a wealth of research concerning residentsâ attitudes toward tourism, little research has been conducted regarding residentsâ attachment to their community. Exploring the possible links between resident attachment and attitude toward tourism is likely to provide key insights into the root causes of resident attitude. The purpose of this research was to explore the concepts of community attachment (attachment to social ties and relationships) and place attachment (attachment to the physical landscape) as they relate to one another and affect resident attitudes toward tourism development (i.e. a residentâs feeling about the rate of development in their community due to tourism). While past research often blurred the lines between community and place attachment, the current study sought to disentangle the two constructs. Using Ashe County, NC, as a study area, a 47-item intercept survey was used to explore attachment and attitudes. The survey measured three main constructs: community attachment, place attachment and resident attitude toward tourism development. The data were collected in Summer 2009. An exploratory factor analysis of the attachment items reduced into two dimensions: community attachment and place attachment. Subsequent Pearson Correlation tests found significant correlation between the two types of attachment. In addition, community attachment and place attachment were significantly correlated with resident attitudes toward tourism, especially in the areas of economic benefit and urbanization or overcrowding. Residents with higher levels of both community attachment and place attachment were more likely to agree that tourism was causing overcrowding in their community. Finally, a residentâs percent of life lived in the study area was found to be a statistically significant predictor of community attachment and 11 of 13 resident attitude items. The variable percent of life lived in community has not been used in previous published research and was shown in this research to be a good predictor of community attachment and resident attitudes. It is important to note that only community attachment was significantly correlated with items that dealt with economic development and equitable distribution of economic benefits, whereas high place attachment indicated a greater correlation with items dealing with land use. This supports the idea that respondents who are attached to community are more interested in economic development and equitable sharing of gains. Respondents with higher place attachment were concerned with the environmental impacts of tourism such as urbanization and overcrowding, without significant concern for economic benefit. This suggests that in the planning stages, newcomers would advocate for environmental protection and regulations such as zoning, while long-term residents would be concerned about the environment but also take notice of the economic aspects of tourism. This suggests that high percent of life (high community attachment) residents are more likely to take a holistic view of tourism in their community and both its positive and negative impacts. By successfully disentangling community attachment from place attachment, this study was able to gain insights into how each type of attachment influences resident attitudes toward tourism. By identifying the important issues of both groups, positive benefits can be accentuated and encouraged while negative impacts can be minimized.
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Wojdylo, Jesse Ross. "THE IMPACT OF SIZE AND LOCATION ON COLLEGIATE SPORTS SPONSORSHIP." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03292006-115905/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of location and size on sponsorships in collegiate athletics. The study compared university?s number of sponsors based on size in terms of student population and size of a respective football program. The study also compared industry sponsorship rate to location of an athletic department. Small universities, under 15,000 students, were found to have a greater number of sponsors than large universities with 15,000 or more students. The size of the football program had no relationship on the total number of sponsors for an athletic department. Several industries were regionalized in terms of high sponsorship rate. The sponsors that were the most regionalized were the telecommunications industry in the Southeast, the medical industry in the Northwest and the automotive industry in the Midwest. An analysis of these variables and a discussion of the results are presented in this study.
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7

Menefee, William Chadwick. "Globalization in Professional Sport: A Comparison of Chinese and American Basketball Spectators." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08062009-133528/.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a model for cross-cultural sport spectatorship, and then to compare American and Chinese basketball spectators. Means-end theory guided the development of a conceptual framework, and structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between focal attributes and expected consequences. Focal attributes referred to the concrete features of basketball games, while expected consequences referred to abstract motives for watching sporting events. Participants were National Basketball Association spectators in the United States and Chinese Basketball Association spectators in China. Self-administered questionnaires were administered at games in the two countries. Significant findings included cross-cultural similarities and differences in the spectatorsâ reasons for attending games. Spectators in the two countries were compared on their preferences for: Kahleâs List of Values, individualism/collectivism dimensions, attributes, consequences, consequence-attribute paths, and behavioral intentions. Recommendations for the field and future research are included, as well as limitations of the study. This study provides a new methodology for testing means-end theory, and a new model for analyzing sport spectatorship. This study also contributes to the growing body of literature in cross-cultural sport marketing.
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Carr, Jessica Leigh. "An Analysis of Climatic and Economic Conditions Affecting Tourism in the Coastal Region of North Carolina." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11032009-073556/.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate selected climatic and economic conditions affecting tourism in the Coastal Region of North Carolina by using multiple regression analysis and comparing multiple models to determine the best fitting model(s). The research expands on current quantitative data obtained in the area to provide applications for tourism. This study is exploratory to determine if the applications of regression modeling can provide a better understanding of the touristsâ consumer behavior and to provide a tool for tourism professionals to develop and implement policies and planning to maximize visitation. The research involves the application of standard linear multiple regression analysis for eight explanatory variables chosen based on literature and availability of data. The variables included in the research are rooms rented (represented by room demand), room supply, average daily rate, travel price index, gas prices for the lower eastern region of the United States, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation averaged on a monthly basis. The results indicate that the climatic and economic variables used in this study explain over three-fourths of visitation to the Coastal Region of North Carolina. Temperature has the greatest explanatory power of all the variables used in the models to explain tourism to the Coastal Region. Precipitation had the least explanatory power within the models. The study provides empirical evidence of the impact of climatic and economic conditions on tourism, which indicates the influence they have on tourist behavior.
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Diaz, Stephanie Mary Cerow. "The Effects of High School Soccer Competitive Team Selection on Athletic Identity, Expectations for Success and Subjective Task Value." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-064237/.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between athletic identity and two variables from the expectancy-value theory, expectations for success and subjective task value, in the context of high school soccer competitive team selection. The quantitative research design integrated historical and emerging theoretical perspectives on identity development in an effort to add insight to the relationships between the theoretical perspectives. The quasi-experimental research design included the self-administration of paper and pencil questionnaires on three occasions over the course of approximately four weeks. Males and females competing for selection to their high school soccer teams in Central Florida comprised the study sample. Significant positive correlations were found between participantsâ athletic identity, expectations for success and subjective task value throughout competitive team selection. Participantsâ athletic identity remained relatively stable over time; yet, significant increases in expectations for success and significant decreases for subjective task value were detected. Additional findings were: the varsityâs athletic identity and expectations for success were significantly higher than junior varsity and not selected groups; the female junior-varsityâs subjective task value was significantly lower than female-varsity and male-junior varsity groups; seniors reported higher expectations for success than freshmen; the upper division reported higher expectations for success than the lower division, whereas, the lower division reported higher subjective task value than the upper division. In consideration of the studyâs limitations, recommendations for the field and for future research are provided. The findings provide a basis to forge an empirical connection between the construct of athletic identity and the expectancy-value theory model of achievement-related behavior in a sports domain. Moreover, the lack of significant gender differences may indicate that socially supportive environments may foster female athleticism, including confirmation of athletic identity and sport-related expectations for success.
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10

Menefee, William Chadwick. "The Impact of Retro Stadiums on Major League Baseball Franchises." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282005-204504/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ?retro? stadiums on professional baseball franchises. Retro stadiums, baseball-exclusive facilities modeled on classic architectural designs of the past, were built at an increasing rate beginning in 1992 with Baltimore?s Camden Yards. This study analyzed changes in franchises? attendance, winning percentage, revenue and team value in the seasons following a team?s relocation to a retro stadium. Retro stadiums were found to positively increase attendance, revenue and team value for franchises at a higher rate than teams that did not build retro stadiums. An analysis of these variables and a discussion of the results for all individual franchises that constructed retro stadiums during the 1992-2004 period are presented in this study.
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Millinor, William A. "Digital Vegetation Delineation on Scanned Orthorectified Aerial Photography of Petersburg National Battlefield." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20001123-131211.

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<p><P>I developed a new methodology to produce an orthorectified mosaic and a vegetation database of Petersburg National Battlefield using mostly digital methods. Both the mosaic and the database meet National Map Accuracy Standards and proved considerably faster than traditional aerial photograph interpretation methods. I classified vegetation polygons to the formation level using the Nature Conservancy?s National Vegetation Classification System. Urban areas were classified using Mitchell?s Classification Scheme for Urban Forest Mapping with Small-Scale Aerial Photographs. This method reduced the production time by 2/3, compared to traditional methods. It also reduced the chance of user error because re-tracing of the linework is not required. <P>My method started with scanning 75 aerial color IR photos, provided by Petersburg National Battlefield, at 600 dpi. Erdas Imagine was used to rectify the images using United States Geological Service (USGS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and black and white USGS Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ) as reference. The images were then mosaiced to create a seamless color infrared orthorectified basemap of the park. The vegetation polygons were drawn onscreen using ArcMap from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) with the color, orthorectified mosaic as a background image. Stereo pairs of the aerial photos were referenced as needed for clarification of the vegetation. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectares, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey ? National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program. This methodology is easily learned quickly and has already been applied to several other studies. <P>The production of an orthorectified mosaic, created during the process, from the aerial photographs greatly increases the value of the photographs at little additional cost to the user. The orthorectified basemap can then be used as a backdrop for existing data layers or it can be used to create new GIS data layers. I used a minimum mapping unit (mmu) of 0.2 hectare, which exceeds guidelines defined by the United States Geological Survey-National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program<P>Traditionally, vegetation polygons are delineated on acetate for each photograph. The linework on the acetates is then transferred to a basemap using a zoom transfer scope or other transfer instrument. The linework is traced again to digitize it for use in a GIS program. This process is time consuming, and the linework is drawn three times. The redundant tracing increases the chance of user error. My new methodology requires that polygons be delineated only once. I wanted to avoid using the zoom transfer scope and to avoid the redundant linework.<P>A total of 228 polygons were delineated over 20 separate vegetation and land cover classes with an overall thematic accuracy of 87.42% and a Kappa of .8545. Positional accuracy was very good with a RMSE of 1.62 meters in the x direction and 2.81 meters in the y direction. The Kappa and RMSE values compare favorably with accuracies obtained using traditional vegetation mapping methods.<P>
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Greenwood, Paul Brian. "Sport Fan Team Identification in a Professional Expansion Setting." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010703-110532.

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<p>GREENWOOD, PAUL BRIAN. Sport Fan Team Identification in a Professional Expansion Setting. (Under the direction of Michael A. Kanters.) This study assessed the relationship between team identification of sport fans and a number of different variables including but not limited to: the reasons for initially becoming a fan, specific sport knowledge, and purchasing behavior. A non-random sample of spectators (N = 356) at an Arena Football League (AFL) game completed a survey designed to identify or measure the aforementioned variables. A t-test revealed that males reported significantly higher levels of team identification than females. Analysis using a Pearson correlation matrix showed a positive correlation between team identification and sport knowledge, attendance rate, and purchasing behavior. Likewise, a positive correlation was found between team identification and the following reasons for initially becoming a fan: closest team, born and/or live in the city and/or state, team success, the players and/or coaches, parents and/or family influence, and the tailgating and party atmosphere. The findings have important implications for professional sport franchises in terms of tailoring marketing efforts for potential fans.<P>
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Pearson, Bryant. "THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE 2000 NC STATE FOOTBALL SEASON ON WAKE COUNTY, NC." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010912-224517.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the economic impact of the 2000 NC State football season on Wake County. Data were collected from several sources to yield an accurate assessment of the economic impact of NC State football on its host community. These sources included: 1) visitor travel and expenditure data, 2) NC State football expenditure data, and 3) relevant data from Wake County. Visitor data were obtained by using two separate samples and surveys. A 20-item questionnaire was mailed to 1,000 randomly selected 2000 NC State football season ticket holders that reside outside of Wake County. In a separate convenience sample, another 1,200 subjects were administered a 12-itmem questionnaire at the Duke game on November 11, 2000. SPSS was then used to generate frequency distributions and summary statistics for the visitors in both samples. NC State football data were supplied by the NC State Athletics Department, and relevant Wake County data were retrieved from several different sources. The economic impact model used in this study (LOCI- Local Area Impact Model) used both local level data and input-output methods to determine the direct, indirect, and induced effects of the 2000 NC State football season on employment, income, and retail activity in Wake County. The multipliers used in this study were derived from input-output analysis of Wake County?s economy using IMPLAN Pro4, and the local level data consisted of the aforementioned visitor data, NC State football data, and relevant Wake County data. The results of the study indicated that the 2000 NC State football season generated 86 new jobs, $2,894,290 of new income, $9,096,507 of new retail spending, and $1,821,707 of new service purchases in Wake County. <P>
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Frans, Kelly Ashley. "Ways In Which Intercollegiate Athletics Contribute To University Success." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20020225-173709.

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<p>The purpose of this study has been to determine the value that a winning athletic program can add to a college or university. The premise for this idea evolved from research regarding the annual U.S. News & World Report college rankings, in which various factors are considered, including reputation. Since the athletic department is frequently referred to as the ?doorstep of the University,? the research sought to determine whether or not a winning athletic program does in fact enhance the reputation of a university, thus making it more appealing to talented students. Along with the annual rankings, a method called the Resource-Based View (RBV) was used to calculate athletic success, based on four characteristics that included win-loss record, compliance, graduation rates and financial health. Using the seven public institutions in the Atlantic Coast Conference as the subjects, the athletic departments were analyzed and ranked based on these criteria and evaluated against each institution?s ranking in U.S News using Spearman?s Correlation Coefficient. Although the results of the study did not result in the strong relationship between a winning athletic department and university success that was predicted, the small sample size was a factor. This study sets up a starting point for a nationwide study of all institutions in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a follow-up study and has great promise.<P>
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Hutchinson, Tamara Germaine. "Worker-initiated violence: Prevention strategies in park and recreation departments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3338/.

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Workplace violence infects many organizations. This descriptive study assesses the extent to which Texas park and recreation departments institute policies and procedures for preventing worker-initiated violence. Thirty directors from local park and recreation departments were interviewed by telephone and asked to identify whether their departments used specific prevention strategies to thwart instances of worker-initiated violence. The findings reveal few prevention strategies being used and suggest a need for park and recreation managers to increase their awareness and take a more proactive approach to violence prevention.
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Neuman, Michael John 1964. "Packstock hoofprint depth and soil strength relationships in wet meadow soils of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278574.

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Penetrometer soil strength and the depth of packstock hoofprints were studied in two subalpine meadows in an attempt to develop a method for determining the seasonal readiness of wilderness meadows for packstock grazing at Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Soil and vegetation parameters (bulk density, water content, percent gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter, above-ground biomass, and below-ground biomass in two diameter size classes) were also studied in order to understand their influence on soil strength and hoofprint depth. Of the four penetrometer tip sizes tested on a Lang penetrometer, a 9/16" diameter tip was found to be a good predictor of hoofprint depth. Both 9/16" soil strength and hoofprint depth were well predicted by soil water content and meadow vegetation type.
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Lee, Byung-kyu. "Future of South Korean National Parks -- A Delphi Study." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LeeB2003.pdf.

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Turney, Celena. "An analysis of the California State Department of Parks and Recreation's "Quality Management Program"." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1316.

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19

Hansen, K. M. "Different places for different faces : optimising the beneficial outcomes of Christchurch parks." Diss., Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/99.

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Local authorities exist to promote the social, economic, environmental, and cultural wellbeing of communities. Parks provide a means of achieving this purpose. This study investigates community preferences for Christchurch parks using the Beneficial Outcomes Approach. Outcomes desired by the community are identified, together with the park settings required to achieve them. Different attitudes and preferences of three socio-economic areas are compared. Information was gathered from a household survey of 600 residents from three diverse socioeconomic areas of Christchurch selected by using the New Zealand Deprivation Index. Results show that the overwhelming majority of Christchurch residents regularly use Christchurch parks for a diverse range of activities. Parks fill many different roles associated with the activity, aesthetic and environmental values ascribed to parks by the Christchurch community. The Christchurch community perceives and wants a diverse range of personal, social/cultural, environmental, and economic benefits from parks. Differences were found between the three socio-economic areas in the way they valued and used parks. Respondents from the low socio-economic area were more inclined to use parks as a special place to visit for weekend outings and relaxation in contrast to respondents from the high socio-economic area who were more likely to use parks for daily exercise. Respondents from the medium socio-economic area had mixed use patterns. The study concludes that a city-wide network approach to park provision is required to cater for the diverse range of experiences, settings and activities preferred by the Christchurch community and to optimise the beneficial outcomes of Christchurch parks. The BOA provides a useful method of prioritising outcomes and guiding management actions to be more responsive to community needs.
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Guisse, Amadou Wane. "Spatial model development for resource management decision making and strategy formulation : application of neural network (Mounds State Park, Anderson, Indiana)." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864949.

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An important requirement of a rational policy for provision of outdoor recreation opportunities is some understanding of natural processes and public concern and /or preferences. Computerized land use suitability mapping is a technique which can help find the best location for a variety of developmental actions given a set of goals and other criteria. Over the past two decades, the methods and techniques of land use planning have been engaged in a revolution on at least two fronts as to shift the basic theories and attitudes of which land use decisions are based. The first of these fronts is the inclusion of environmental concerns, and the second is the application of more systematic methods or models. While these automated capabilities have shed new light on environmental issues, they, unfortunately, have failed to develop sufficient intelligence and adaptation to accurately model the dynamics of ecosystems.The work reported proceeds on the belief that neural network models can be used to assess and develop resource management strategies for Mounds State Park, Anderson, Indiana. The study combines a photographic survey technique with a geographic information system (GIS) and artificial neural networks (NN) to investigate the perceived impact of park management activities on recreation opportunities and experiences. It is unique in that it incorporates both survey data with spatial data and an optimizing technique to develop a model for predicting perceived management values for short and long term recreation management.According to Jeannette Stanley and Evan Bak (1988) a neural network is a massively parallel, dynamic systems of highly interconnected interacting parts based on neurobiological models. The behavior of the network depends heavily on the connection details. The state of the network evolves continually with time. Networks are considered clever and intuitive because they learn by example rather than following simple programming rules. They are defined by a set of rules or patterns based on expertise or perception for better decision making. With experience networks become sensitive to subtle relationships in the environment which are not obvious to humans.The model was developed as a counter-propagation network with a four layer learning network consisting of an input layer, a normalized layer, a kohonen layer, and an output layer. The counter-propagation network is a feed-forward network which combines Kohonen and Widrow-Hoff learning rules for a new type of mapping neural network. The network was trained with patterns derived by mapping five variables (slope, aspect, vegetation, soil, site features) and survey responses from three groups. The responses included, for each viewshed, the preference and management values, and three recreational activities each group associated with a given landscape. Overall the model behaves properly in learning the different rules and generalizing in cases where inputs had not been shown to the network apriori. Maps are provided to illustrate the different responses obtained from each group and simulated by the model. The study is not conclusive as to the capabilities of the combination of GIS techniques and neural networks, but it gives a good flavor of what can be achieved when accurate mapping information is used by an intelligent system for decision making.<br>Department of Landscape Architecture
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Palmero, Mauro, Andy R. Dotterweich, G. Lhotsky, and Joseph T. Walker. "Risk Management Plans for Interscholastic Athletic Departments: What Should They Contain?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3806.

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Palmero, Mauro, Andy R. Dotterweich, Gary Lhotsky, and Joseph Walker. "Risk Management Plans: Existence and Enforcement at NIAAA Member High School Athletic Departments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3801.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in terms of the existence and enforcement of risk management plans within high school athletic departments. Another purpose was to identify the common practices related to risk management currently utilized. The present study had a response rate of 16.7%. The results showed that 76.2 % of the respondents (N=816) conduct interscholastic activities with the support of risk management plans, but there are still 23.8% of those interscholastic athletic departments where risk management plans are nonexistent. In addition, from those who indicated having a risk management plan, 28% do not enforce it. A majority of respondents seem to be employing risk management best practices consistently, but there is an indication of a less than desired level of adoption of some practices (i.e., informed consent forms, pre-season sport specific meetings, ADA compliance, coach evaluation and written criteria, safety training, accessibility of AED’s, and warning signs). The results of our study showed a statistically significant relationship between the athletic directors’ years of experience and the adoption of certain risk management practices (i.e. coach evaluation, evaluation criteria, risk management enforcement, and hazard abatement), but (surprisingly) not to the adoption of other similarly important practices. This study provides high school athletic administrators and principals with relevant information that can be used to support their decision to adopt and enforce risk management plans for interscholastic athletic activities.
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Peacock, Jessica Ivy. "Corporate Recruiters' Perceived Value of Study Abroad and International Travel Experiences." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282005-132601/.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive listing of the character traits and personal gains students who participate in study abroad have claimed to acquire from international trips abroad (from secondary data sources) and to determine whether these are congruent with the desires of corporate recruiters and hiring managers. This study was also used to determine if and how corporate criteria is used to evaluate study abroad/international travel experiences during the resume portion of interviews. Conclusions were made from the results of personal interviews regarding the themes which emerge about travel/study abroad and employability. This study contributed to a general understanding of company interviewing procedures and the role study abroad and international travel experiences associated with studying abroad during interviews. Recommendations were made based on interaction between human resource directors, hiring managers and campus recruiters during the interview process of this study.
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Greenwood, Paul Brian. "Character And Caring in the Context of American Football: An Examination of the Relationship Between Positive Youth Development and Achievement Goal Theory." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06222007-171050/.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the positive youth development constructs of character and caring with achievement goal orientation and ability level, variables associated with achievement goal theory, in the context of organized American football. A multiple methods-mixed data approach to the research was utilized with self-administered web-based questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in an effort to provide increased understanding of the relationship between these theoretical perspectives. Participants were male adolescents attending an intercollegiate football skills camp. Significant findings included a relationship between increased self-reported ability level and measures of character and support for an interaction between ability level and orthogonal achievement goal orientation on measures of character. Recommendations for the field and future research are included in light of the limitations of the study. This initial examination of the relationship between an emerging theoretical framework in positive youth development and achievement goal theory provides an important first step towards development of an applied and conceptual model for youth development through organized sport.
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Jordan, Kelly Nicole. "Evaluating Division I Collegiate Academic Support Programs: The Student Athletes? Perceptions." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04142005-154716/.

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The purpose of this study was to reveal which services provided by the NC State University Academic Support Program for Student Athletes had a significant correlation with the student athletes? academic success. Student athletes? grade point averages were used as a measurement of academic success. Partial correlation and Somer?s D statistical formulas uncovered which academic services had a significant relationship to the student athletes? academic success. Good communication between the academic coordinator and coach, the helpfulness of the tutorial program, the accessibility of laptops during team travel, the expectation that the student athletes attend study hall, the use of knowledgeable tutors, and the expectation of becoming a professional athlete all had a significant correlation to the student athletes? academic success. Further explanations of these items as well as recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Dotterweich, Andy R., G. Lhotsky, and Thomas J. Davis. "Going Green: Attitudes, Perceptions and Barriers in Campus Recreation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3757.

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Walker, Joseph T., Gene Farren, Andy R. Dotterweich, James Gould, and Laura Walker. "Fitness Center Service Quality Model Confirmation SQAS-19." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3791.

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A fitness center service quality measure was tested with 151 respondents to confirm a 19-item, five-factor model. The results substantiated the SQAS-19 as an adequate measure of fitness center service quality in that it continued to demonstrate that service quality is a multidimensional construct. Alpha and construct reliability coefficients found within the current study were relatively consistent with prior findings that support the use of this more parsimonious and less invasive version of a fitness center service quality assessment.Subscribe to JPRA
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Dotterweich, Andy R., Thomas J. Davis, and G. Lhotsky. "Building Community through Campus Recreation: Using Innovation for Underserved Populations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3756.

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Dotterweich, Andy R., and Thomas J. Davis. "Social Value Orientation and Awareness of Consequences in Recreation Resource Dilemmas." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3771.

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Marks, Lisa Catherine. "Participatory planning for recreation management in Abaco National Park, Bahamas." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013279.

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31

Bettin, Cameron. "A design standards manual for the Wheaton Park District, Wheaton, Illinois." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864947.

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The purpose of the creative project was to complete a Design Standards Manual consisting of guidelines and standards to aid Park Planners in completing the site design process (the site design plan and construction drawings). The project consists of chapters pertaining to playground, outdoor athletic facility, parking lot and park road, plant material, trails-paths, and signage design.The project was tested through a case study involving Ball State University landscape architect students redeveloping twelve school sites for the City of Anderson School Corporation. The test was to determine if an organized, technical manual would ease decision making in the site design process, make plans consistantly workable, and not limit the Planners originality and creativity. The case study was summarized, evaluated, and the project's usefulness and limitations were concluded.<br>Department of Landscape Architecture
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Pamero, Mauro, Gary Lhotsky, Andy R. Dotterweich, and Joseph T. Walker. "Risk Management Plans and Lightning Safety Policies: Do High Schools in America Have and Enforce Them?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3805.

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Xiao, Xiao. "The Role of Transportation in Expanding the Democratic Ideal of National Parks." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/619.

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National parks have famously been called "America's best idea" and preserve the nation's natural and cultural resources for the enjoyment of all. One of the current working priorities of the National Park Service (NPS) is enhancing the relevancy and engagement of the national parks with diverse audiences, especially for underserved groups. To address this priority, transportation is needed to provide access to national parks, but transportation may not be equally accessible to all groups in society. Understanding the effects of transportation on visitation to the national parks by racial/ethnic groups is essential for the NPS to improve the accessibility of transportation systems and encourage greater visitation by racial/ethnic minority groups. Moreover, transportation can be more than a means of access, it can also be a form of recreation itself, providing opportunities for visitors to experience and appreciate parks and related areas. But, differences in desirability of transportation recreation opportunities across recreation settings and among racial/ethnic groups are rarely addressed. The intent of this dissertation is three-fold: 1) identify transportation related barriers impacting visitation to national parks by racial/ethnic groups, and the effects of transportation on the visiting national parks, 2) identify the differences in indicators of the transportation recreation opportunity spectrum among racial/ethnic visitors and across recreation settings, 3) measure spatial accessibility of national parks and the effects of spatial accessibility and other factors on visitation to national parks among racial/ethnic groups. The first phase of research is designed to identify barriers to visiting national parks that are related to marginality, subculture, and discrimination hypotheses, and examine the effects of transportation incentives on visitation among racial/ethnic groups. Study results found that racial/ethnic minority groups visited national parks less frequently than Whites. Hispanics were more likely to perceive transportation-related barriers to visiting national parks than Whites. Moreover, providing transportation incentives can increase visitation by Hispanics significantly. The second phase of research developed indicators for a transportation recreation opportunity spectrum (T-ROS), and examined the differences in desirability for T-ROS indicators among alternative transportation modes, different types of recreation settings, and different racial/ethnic groups. Study results identified the important indicators for transportation service in different types of recreation areas, which can help inform transportation planning and management for the NPS. The final phase of research examined the spatial accessibility of national parks from different geographic locations by incorporating geospatial analytics, assessed the spatial accessibility of different types of national parks among racial/ethnic groups, and estimated the effects of spatial accessibility on visitation to national parks. Results showed that Hispanics and Blacks had higher accessibility to national parks than Whites within short distance radii, however, Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to perceive distance as a barrier to visiting national parks than Whites. Study results can help the NPS understand the spatial structure of national parks, provide visual information for visitors about proximate national parks and recreation opportunities, and identified effective management strategies for enhancing visitation of racial/ethnic minority groups from different geographic areas.
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Dotterweich, Andy R. "Research to Practice Roundtable: Building Organizational and Community Sustainability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3762.

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35

Swisher, Anna, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "Challenges, Changes, and Opportunities in NGB Coach Education from 2003 to 2015." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3754.

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Advances in technology make it possible to transform the scope, duration, and format of formal coach education programs such as those operated by sport National Governing Bodies (NGBs). The United States Olympic Committee (USOC), which provides oversight to Olympic sports, has a strong interest in developing quality coach education programs. The purpose of this research is to better understand the challenges, changes, and trends in coach education administered by NGBs. We compared the findings from a 2003 survey administered by the USOC to 45 NGBs examining the content, delivery, and development of coach education programs with an updated version of the survey administered in 2015. An online, anonymous survey was sent to the individuals responsible for overseeing coach education at each of the 45 Olympic sport NGBs. The survey consisted of 32 multiple choice questions covering staffing, budget, content, and delivery of coach education programs. While 70% of NGBs have a system for identifying coaches, the majority (77.8% of NGBs) feel as if there are not enough qualified coaches in their sport. Whether this stems from an inadequate coach education system, limited appeal of the sport, or poor sport marketing, there is a clear need to enhance the education level of coaches. The number one challenge for NGBs in coach education is budget and the number two challenge is maintaining current, quality course content. Three strategies for maximizing impact with limited resources would be to partner with other organizations (e.g., National Alliance for Youth Sport), to pool resources between NGBs to create a unified foundation for a coach education program, and to create a mentorship program to allow coaches to learn in more informal settings. Mentoring is widely acknowledged as an important coach learning tool, yet only 38.9% of NGBs reported having a mentoring program.
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Palmero, Mauro, Andy R. Dotterweich, Gary Lhotsky, and Joseph Walker. "Lightning Safety: How Is It Conducted at NIAAA Member High Schools?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3800.

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The purposes of this study were to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in regards to the existence and enforcement of lightning safety policies applied to athletic outdoor activities, and to identify the common practices related to lightning safety currently utilized. The results showed that 87.2% of the respondents (N=804) have lightning safety policies. However, only 90.3% of the respondents who have lightning safety policies actually enforce them. It seems that during practices coaches are most commonly responsible for making the decision to stop/resume activity, and that during games athletic directors are most commonly making the call. However, almost one third of the respondents (N=804) do not have a clear designation as to who makes the decision. A less than desirable percentage of respondents reported frequent use of a lightning detection system, availability of shelters for spectators, and posted lightning policy in facilities. Only 7.8% of the respondents indicated that all athletic coaches and staff receive lightning safety training. The results also showed that more experienced administrators were more likely to have and enforce lightning safety policies, and employ lightning safety best practices. This study provides high school athletic administrators and principals with relevant information that can be used to support their decision to adopt and enforce lightning safety policies for interscholastic athletic activities.
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Canberg, A., Andy R. Dotterweich, M. B. Harrison, and E. Rabinowitz. "Establishing a Research Partnership: What Can Research Do for Me?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3770.

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38

Dotterweich, Andy R. "Healthy Places for Healthy People." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3769.

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Dotterweich, Andy R., Amanda E. Greene, and Daniel Blosser. "Using Innovative Playgrounds and Cross-Curricular Design to Increase Physical Activity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3798.

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40

Goonan, Kelly A. "Integrating Social and Ecological Methods to Assess and Inform Park Monitoring and Management." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6692.

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Managing outdoor recreation requires that managers do the following: (1) consider the user experience, environmental and cultural resources, and type and intensity of management actions; (2) specify desired conditions to be maintained, monitor conditions, and take appropriate action if unacceptable impacts occur; (3) adapt to new conditions and information; and (4) exercise good judgment based on their professional experience and the best information available to them. Social science studies of visitors and studies of significant recreation resources like campsites are important sources of information for managers and are commonly used in parks and protected areas to support planning and decision-making. The studies presented here are designed to enhance our understanding of how visitors evaluate the acceptability of impacts to recreation resources and how we can more effectively analyze large campsite resource condition datasets to get meaningful results. A better understanding of impacts to cultural and environmental resources, the people who visit parks, and how they evaluate the acceptability of impacts will enable managers to make more informed decisions. This is an important part of the adaptive management of parks and protected areas.
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Walker, Joseph T., L. George, Andy R. Dotterweich, James Gould, and L. Walker. "Examining Physical Activity and Park Use by Marital Status." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3765.

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Dotterweich, Andy R., and Joseph T. Walker. "Benefits Based Coaching: Performance Enhancement Groups." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3758.

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43

Hornsby, W. Guy, Christian R. Carter, Micheal R. Ramsey, et al. "Effects of Eleven Weeks of Training on Clean Pulls from Mid-Thigh in Collegiate Throwers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3767.

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Carter, S. L., Andy R. Dotterweich, and Thomas J. Davis. "An Exploratory Investigation of ATV Safety Practices in the Smokey Mountain Region." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3761.

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Dotterweich, Andy R., and Amy E. Greene. "Increasing Physical Activity Using Cross-Curricular Programs on Playgrounds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3763.

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46

Hornsby, W. Guy, Christian R. Carter, Guy Gregory Haff, et al. "Hormone and Adpokine Alterations across Eleven Weeks of Training in Division I Collegiate Throwers: an Exploratory Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3768.

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Conceptually, it is important to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of any training program model. This understanding aids the coach/sport scientist in making better choices in manipulating variables in formulating the training model. These underlying mechanisms can be associated with training variable manipulation and fatigue management aspects as well as the overall health of the athlete. Hormone and cytokine concentrations can be linked to alterations resulting from the manipulation of training variables and to subsequent alterations in performance (Haff et al., 2008; Ishigaki et al., 2005; Jurimae et al., 2010; Stone et al., 2007). For example, alterations in the testosterone: cortisol ratio (T:C) has been associated with alterations in training volume as well as physiological aspects such as lean body mass (LBM), fat content and strength/power performance (Haff et al., 2008; Häkkinen, 1989; Stone et al., 2007). Although cytokine production is part of the adaptive process, markedly increased/excessive cytokine production has been related poor fatigue management and over training (Angeli et al., 2004; Jurimae et al., 2010; Smith, 2000). The present study followed NCAA division 1 (D-1) collegiate throwers over a period of an 11 week fall semester preparation-phase block form of periodized training. Volume and intensity alterations and their effects on physiological variables (e.g. neuromuscular, hormonal, cytokine) are a key component in understanding the effects of a training process. Alterations in these physiological variables were tracked over time in Division-1 collegiate throwers.
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Sisneros-Kidd, Abigail M. "Why Do They Do That? Understanding Factors Influencing Visitor Spatial Behavior in Parks and Protected Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7187.

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Visitors to parks and protected areas within the United States and worldwide often visit these areas with a particular destination in mind, such as seeing Old Faithful erupt in Yellowstone National Park or standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park. These visitor use destinations, and the pathways leading to them, such as trails and roadways, see high levels of use, and as a result, impacts to soil, vegetation, air, water, soundscapes, and night skies that result from this use. The field of recreation ecology studies these impacts to park and protected area resources resulting from recreation use. Research conducted by recreation ecologists helps park and protected area managers prevent and minimize these impacts and preserve park resources for future generations. However, not all recreation use and impacts occur along designated pathways and at visitor destinations. The impacts that result outside of these designated areas often cause more damage to park resources such as vegetation and soil. The studies presented in this dissertation examine what factors are influencing visitor behavior outside of these destinations and pathways, such as when visitors travel off of designated trails. The results provide managers with a set of factors that may influence visitor behavior outside of visitors’ intended destinations. These factors will enable managers to better understand existing visitor spatial behavior patterns and associated resource impacts, and also predict where resource impacts may be likely to occur due to visitor recreation use, enabling prevention of future impacts from occurring.
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Swisher, Anna, and Andy R. Dotterweich. "Challenges, Changes, and Opportunities in Ngb Coach Education From 2003-2015." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3803.

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Hornsby, W. Guy, C. R. Carter, G. Gregory Haff, et al. "Hormone and Adipokine Alterations across 11 Weeks." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4087.

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Walker, Joseph T., Laura Walker, Joseph T. Walker, Andy R. Dotterweich, and J. Gould. "Examining Physical Activity Infrastructure Importance across the Lifespan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3760.

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