Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pauvreté – Politique publique – Rwanda'
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Maburuki, Bahati Tembo Rachid. "Politique de réduction de la pauvreté en situation post-conflit." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688664.
Full textGouze, Thomas Monique. "Le droit face à la pauvreté." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10058.
Full textOffredi, Claudine. "La pauvreté et la précarité aux confins de la société." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21050.
Full textThe contemporary notion (in the eighties) of precariousness is taken up in its links with poverty, that is to say at the same time separated from the latter one and nevertheless combined. Trough the growing relation between poverty and precariousness, this is the transformation of the whole society which tooks place and that is sublitted to the analysis in this higher doctoral thesis.
Ceballos, Marco. "Le "détour du social" et les programmes de transferts monétaires conditionnés en Amérique latine : le cas de l'Argentine, du Brésil, du Chili et du Mexique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010748.
Full textThis research focuses on the question of the restoration of the social dimension in Latin America at the end of the last century, a process that has dominated the field of social policies during the first decade of the 2000's. This process is characterized by the emergence of a new generation of anti-poverty social initiatives known as « conditional cash transfer programms ». It includes as well - both in the national and transnational context – a set of political and technical discourses aiming to account for an increasing social delegitimation of liberalized economies, phenomena that became evident after the Asian crisis of 1997 – 1998. The emblematical cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico are approached from a comparative perspective that takes into consideration both the similiraties and differences characterizing this « return of the social » within the region. This work reveals the rôle played by those programs as governance features depite their lack of tangible social outcomegovernance features depite their lack of tangible social outcomes
Dousset-Seiden, Christine. "Les recensements de la misere : mesures de la pauvrete de la fin de l'ancien regime au debut de la monarchie censitaire." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010515.
Full textThis work about state statistics of the poor in france during the french revolution and the napoleonic empire studies their aims, proceeds and results. Then it is possible to understand relationships between state and lower classes at a very important period of french history. In 1790 the comite de mendicite of the constituante decides a national survey on the poor before to reform relief. It receives a lot of answers until 1793. However the answers are scattered today, they show interest and difficulties created by this survey. Under the "convention", from 1793 to an iii, there are many statistical questions because of the laws about national assistance. They associate survey and "roles". But there are few answers. From an v, because of new laws such statistics become useless. Poors are counted just as beggars or when they receive relief from hospitals or "bureaux de bienfaisance". One exception is the survey on the "pauvres et les mendiants" of 1808, when a new law creates "depots de mendicite". But bad quality of the answers and lack of criticism from the ministry show this statistic is only a bureaucratic decision
Achour, Michèle. "Le revenu d'existence." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100152.
Full textDeguise-Le, Roy Jacqueline. "Développement de la solidarité et lutte contre la pauvreté : recherches sur un aspect de la "question sociale" en Angleterre et en France aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H010.
Full textDespite all the ressources deployed in the name of social solidarity, poverty remains a key issue in contemporary western societies. This survey, covering the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, compares the respective experiences of France and England; the approach is macro-sociological, taking account of the origin and developpement of ideas which converge in the notion of solidarity and influence its institutionalisation. Our research seeks therefore to explore the constituent elements of solidarity, ideological, scientific, political, and to show both what is at stake and what, in the struggle against poverty, tends to limit their efficacity. Finally, the thesis suggests an interpretation of the forces which impinge negatively on politics of solidarity and explain in part the lack of fulfilment as a project
Tourette, Florence. "Extême pauvreté et droits de l'homme : analyse de l'obligation juridique et des moyens des pouvoirs public français dans la luttre contre l'extrême pauvreté." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10191.
Full textStruggle with extreme poverty doesn't only require for the human heart, but is also at the basis of the human association. So, this fight represents inevitably a challenge for any legal organization. As extreme poverty is a violation of the human rights, it may have to take a position towards the law. Law originates in the obligation for the human group, to organize itself as a society, in order to guarantie the survival and the optimal devellopment of the human beings. Yet, each time the human essence is flouted, the human group's cohesion is threatened. However, at every level of the legal hierarchy human rights' respect is approved. That way, struggle with extreme poverty represents a real legal obligation for french authorities, even if the processes set up to guarantie this right, can appear as relative means. An impressive legislation has been set up in order to comply with this obligation. Nevertheless, this profusion shows the increasing helplessness of the human society. Part of this problem consists in elaborate legislation with the only aim to relieve poverty. Yet, fight efficiently with extreme poverty, implies dynamics of integration able to allow everyone to assume again his responsabilities. However, legal dispositions each seldom the poorest, even if they try to assist them. In fact, this is under no circunstances, a question of fatality, this is rather a lack of an organized an determinated policy, from the french authorities. This shows also, the necessity of think again about the accessibility of the legal rules by the poorest
Jaccoud, Luciana de Barros. "Pauvreté, démocratie et protection sociale au Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0011.
Full textHerrgott, Bénédicte. "Les catégorisations de la pauvreté et leurs effets identitaires : les compéténces des plus démunis à "s'en sortir"." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G020.
Full textHow is destitution institutionally defined and how do the poor see themselves ? This study which focuses on the different categories of poverty is based on interviews both of destitute people and professional social workers and on a field research on the latter's practice. An institutional classification of the poor coexists with a more subjective around the idea of "coping". The condition for such a classification to exist is the possibility for the poor to negotiate the category they belong. As soon as the poor's status is officially settled black on white, the negotiation process seems to be over. But "coping" has some cost, whether it be giving up one's identity, facing an uncertain future or having to adopt new norms. Since the 80s, social policies tend to only take into account each individual's full particulars, doing more and more so even with working people. It implies that anyone is responsible for the socioprofessional path they walk as well as for the failures along the way
Bouchaud, Bernard Elisabeth. "De l'influence de la pauvreté sur la sécurité sociale en France." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4003.
Full textRestrepo, Cadavid Paula. "The impacts of slum policies on households' welfare : the case of Medellin (Colombia) and Mumbai (India)." Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00711971.
Full textSlum policies play an important role in poverty alleviation efforts at the local scale and at the national scale - as poverty becomes increasingly 'urban' phenomena. However, poverty reduction is rarely positioned as the main objective of slum policies and, when occurring, is an indirect result of their application. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a more complete understanding of how slum policies affect households' welfare. To explore these issues, two slum-upgrading interventions are used as case studies: the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme in Mumbai (India) and Urban Integral Projects in Medellin (Colombia). This research has addressed issues ranging from the causes of post-rehabilitation residential mobility to the impacts of slum rehabilitation on households' access to credit as well as the effects of Urban Renewal Projects on housing consolidation. We used recent evolution in empirical economics methodologies that allow comparing policy beneficiaries to non-beneficiaries. In the case of Mumbai a household's survey was carried out by the author in 9 slum pockets, 4 of which had already been rehabilitated and 5 to-be rehabilitated slums. In the case of Medellin household level information was obtained from three secondary sources (the Quality of Life Survey, the Medellin Solidaria Survey and the SISBEN Survey) that allowed following a set of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries before and after Urban Renewal Projects took place
Frétigné, Cédric. "Les entreprises d'entraînement : entre organisations formatives et organisations productives." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100138.
Full textReproducing the activity of an enterprise, the training course in a practice firm tends to restore the employability of work seekers by training on true k=job. This thesis tries to demonstrate that implementation of this training device ix answering to the current aimsnof professional qualification: no more "social promotion" of everybody but strugle against exclusion" of some. So we are showing that a productive logic (focused on return to employment) organizes the curse of the training logic (linking to learnings) in order to asset first of all the hiring of trainees
Chamakh, Douja. "État et pauvreté en Tunisie, analyse d'une politique publique, l'exemple du " 26-26 " (1992-2000)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010252.
Full textKana, Zeumo Vivien. "Construction d'indices : mesurage multidimensionnel de la pauvreté." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090032.
Full textKhoule, El Hadji Souleymane. "Politiques et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté au Sénégal." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1028.
Full textThe question of poverty is one of the biggest concerns of this century. Poverty is a complex universal reality, deeply rooted and present in all societies. No country is completely protected against this curse. The international organizations discover that this problem is not solved. Even if we can notice an improvement of life conditions in Northern countries, the Southern societies suffer from poverty becoming more and more worrying. Our work treats policies and strategies of fighting against poverty in Senegal. But fighting poverty means being able to define the concept of poverty and to delimit the real causes, as well as formulating the operational strategies of struggle against this plague in its multi dimensions. In this essay we have on the one hand analyzed the globalization of poverty and on the other hand we show that the elimination of poverty in Senegal is for certain a difficult exercise but not an impossible one as miseries and poverty are controllable. So there is no excuse as for the expansion and it is not acceptable to stop acting before having eradicated this curse
Ngo, Tong Marie Chantal. "Intercommunalité, coopération décentralisée et stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté au Cameroun : étude spécifique des villes de Limbé et Kribi et de la commune de Dschang." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4002.
Full textThe new enforcement measures of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) developed by the International Financial Institutions are focused on the fight against poverty. These new measures combined with the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, instigate the development of Strategic Frameworks of Fight against Poverty (PRSP). The socio-political context in which these PRSPs are elaborated in Cameroon is characterized by the decentralization process, with transfer of skills and resources to local authorities. Intercommunality and decentralized cooperation are seen in this context as policy instruments for councils in aim to implement the strategies developed in the PRSP. Due to the structural projects that they will host, the cities of Kribi and Limbe will have to master great challenges relative to urban development and economic development. The municipality of Dschang is also confronted with these challenges but for different reasons. Their low potential does not allow them to cope with complex needs and oversized incident to growth, decentralized cooperation and intercommunality allow them to establish an efficient system of mutual aid and sharing of resources for effective local action
Bacar, Ahmed Ben Kassim. "L' effet des programmes de soutien au développement sur la pauvreté dans les pays en voie de développement : Cas de l'union des Comores." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0866.
Full textThe Union of Comoros is facing as most States in sub-Saharan Africa, to economy challenges in 2004, 44. 8 percent of individuals have resources below the poverty line fc 285 144 per head per year , Especially as the vulnerability of households is a more widespread as poverty, deprivation and "sustainable" are an important component of social deficit. At the same time, monetary inequalities, which have increased between 1995 and 2004, slowed the reduction of poverty. Nevertheless, substantial progress in terms of social progress seem to have been completed during the period 1995-2004, although this diagnosis requires a great caution, given the way for the enrolment of boys, little progress in terms of child malnutrition and socio-economy consequences of malnutrition
Azougach, Khadija. "Santé et pauvreté : Les paradoxes des droits fondamentaux." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010287.
Full textChaté, Anne. "Les représentations à l'œuvre dans la lutte contre la pauvreté : France, décennie 80." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100179.
Full textThe analysis of French poor population's counting’s and writings about poverty indicates that the definition of poverty always includes a part of subjectivity. The first goal of this memoir is to define how and in what extent the definition of poverty and that of war against poverty result from the intervention of the collective actors involved in war against t poverty. The second goal consists in specify if the differences in the way to understand poverty and war against poverty can explain the relation between these actors. The research, based upon a speech analysis, have studied four social actors: three of them are charitable organizations (aide a toute detresse-quart monde, secours catholique and secours populaire), and the last one is a political actor, formed by the group of members of parliament discussing a law project about the definition of a minimum legal income. The raw materials of the analysis are the issues of the charitable organizations, and the acts of the parliament sessions. The research shows that involved actors build alternative and rival social constructions of poverty, even though those constructions are known to be trivial. When those actors represent the poor (in the sense of a delegation), they also all show a proper social representation of them. The work attempts to break the idea from which the "speech in the name of the poor" is a neutral witness, with no implied conviction. As each actor has a different conception of poverty, he defines a different way to fight against it: there is no universal war against the poverty. Finally, those different representations of poverty and war against the poverty cause stresses between social actors
Diallo, Aïssatou. "Dette, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités : Le cas de l’Afrique du Sud." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090023.
Full textThe overall goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the efficiency of the ANC (African National Congress) government economic policies. After its historic victory in 1994, ANC has unexpectedly applied liberal policies in a context of intense social difficulties in the country. We have tried to analyze the impact of these liberal policies on macroeconomic stability, economic growth and poverty and inequalities reduction in South Africa. In the first chapter, we describe the economic status of post Apartheid South Africa with a focus on the economic performances achieved during that period. An analysis of the evolution of poverty in South Africa post-apartheid is also featured in this chapter. In the second chapter, we analyze the nature of the relationships that exist between indebtedness, economic instabilities, economic growth and poverty. In the third chapter, we have developed a debt projection model for the South African economy that enabled us to evaluate the sustainability of the public and external debt of the country in a context of instabilities. In the fourth chapter we evaluated the impact of the healthy macroeconomic policies of the ANC government on the evolution of economic growth. This evaluation was conducted through an empirical evaluation of the sources of economic growth for the South African economy during the post-apartheid period. In the fifth chapter we appraise the efficiency of the ANC policies in terms of poverty and inequality reduction which was the main goal of the post apartheid regime. This appraisal was conducted using a model that enabled us to show and interpret the empirical links that exist between economic growth and some population welfare indicators such as household health and education expenditures. Vector autoregressive (VAR) methods were used in the empirical analysis conducted in chapter IV and V
Roussy, Damien. "La politique d'assistance publique de la ville de Bordeaux sous la IIIe République." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40034.
Full textRodriguez, Jacques. "Agir et écrire sur la pauvreté : l'apport des choix britanniques du dix-neuvième siècle au débat social contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0036.
Full textLeroy, Valériane. "Infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 chez la femme en Afrique : épidémiologie, histoire naturelle et implications de santé publique à propos d'études menées au Rwanda, 1988-1995." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28407.
Full textTasqué, Sophie. "L' Etat et le « marché » face à l’exclusion bancaire des particuliers : essai d’analyse comparée des réponses apportées aux Etats-Unis et en France." Paris 13, 2008. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2008_tasqué.pdf.
Full textSince financial inclusion has become an important socio-economic goal, public authorities were bound both in Western Europe and in the USA to tackle the issue related to the accessibility of customers to banking services. The purpose of this thesis is to compare policies implemented by authorities in France and in the US. The foundations of the major policy actions and institutional answers, both in France and US are discussed. Asymmetric information is analyzed first as a basis for public policies. Even if this theoretical approach has been able to assess the relevance and the influence of some of the public interventions, its explanatory power appears to be limited with respect to the banking exclusion process. A second approach seeks to explore the differences between the two countries under study by the mean of a discussion of the various conceptions regarding the role and the nature of money. Introducing the social role of money, through social “embeddeness” and different concepts of poverty, has improved our understanding of observable facts with respect to banking exclusion in France and in the USA. This analysis provided a coherent theoretical framework with a view to evaluating the relevance of the different kinds of public policy, broadly considered, i. E. Taking into account not only the legal institutions but also the interactions between other actors involved in the supply of banking services
Savard, Luc. "Analyse de la pauvreté et distribution de revenus dans le cadre de la modélisation en équilibre général calculable." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0092.
Full textOver the last ten years, economists have proposed macro-micro modelling approaches to analyse the impact of economic policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. In this thesis, we propose an alternative general equilibrium approach that builds on the integrated multi-households and sequential micro simulation models. The approach is both flexible and rich and explicitly takes into account the feedback effects generated at the micro household level. A comparative analysis with the representative household approach revealed the importance of endogenizing the income distribution. The introduction of a flexible form for consumption has generated strong effects on poverty and inequality indices. Finally the non linear labour supply has shown the flexibility of the approach. Hence, the approach offers a rich and flexible alternative to researchers interested by impact analysis of macroeconomic reforms on poor households
Lehmann, Michael Christian. "Étude des effets locaux d'équilibre général des programmes de transferts monétaires conditionnels." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0007.
Full textMy doctoral dissertation attempts to explore how cash transfers affect the local economy's equilibrium, and how this in turn affects the entire village population (including those household not targeted by the cash transfer program). In chapter 1, I explore the relationship between local general equilibrium effects and consumption. Taking the example of the well-known Progresa conditional cash transfer randomized experiment, I explore what more can be learned about the intervention's consumption effect if the experimental data is analyzed within a general equilibrium framework. In chapter 2, I study the local general equilibrium effects another popular type of conditional cash transfer program aiming to transform the lives of the poorest in society: cash transfers promoting micro-enterprise development. While the effects of this type of aid intervention on aid recipients have received considerable attention by the literature, their local general equilibrium effects have been almost completely ignored. I use a structural model and a randomized experiment to study the local general equilibrium effects of small business cash transfers to households impoverished by years of civil war in Uganda. In chapter 3, I explore the implications of local general equilibrium effects for variables other than consumption. I study in more depth the implications for labor supply. Moreover, I ask how successful are conditional cash transfer programs in reducing rural inequality? Finally, chapter 3 also explores how local general equilibrium effects may spill-over to populations outside the village
Hadj-Boaza, Laure. "Politique de rééquilibrage et pauvreté des ménages en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H007.
Full textNew Caledonia is a French overseas collectivity with a sui generis status. According to international indicators New Caledonia is a developed territory, however significant resource inequalities exist. Research findings show that two economical systems (domestic and market economies) coexist with differences in wage earning, resource inequalities and solidarity. In 1989 a development policy was introduced to "adjust" the inequalities that exist among the three Provinces (Loyalty Islands, North Province and South Province). The objective of the policy has been to create a social and political environment favourable for a stable economy that would especially benefit the indigenous population, the Kanak. Based on population censuses and a household budget survey, a 20-year assessment of this provincial policy is offered. After providing an overview of the evolution of inequalities in academic degrees, employment opportunities and standards of living, I will focus on the most vulnerable groups, i.e. households below the relative poverty line. Their consumption structure is characterised by a hybrid system between the market economy and the non-market economy, which means that their social inclusion depends on both public and private solidarities. This mechanism is questioned by the strengthening of the welfare system since the 2000s
Delorme, Emmanuel. "Les pauvres et le droit." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOD006.
Full textBousnina, Zohra. "Efficacité et modes de gestion des associations dans la dynamique de la lutte contre la pauvreté." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010036.
Full textThe evolutions of economical ans social systems in France and in other countries since the begining of the seventies generated many exclusions. In this work, we try to analyse the kinds of answers to poverty and precarity situations. Our preocupations concern specialy the place and the role of associations with regard to the existence of two actors : the government and local collectvities. We analyse in this thesis the objectives and the instruments of each of these actors and we try to illustrate their combinations and their convergences
Alfa, Cisse Fatoumata. "Croissance économique et politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté : Le cas du Niger." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020084.
Full textOuld, Mahmoud Jebril. "Les stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne : de l’échec des politiques néolibérales aux alternatives potentielles." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD004.
Full textMany strategic approach and solution was proposed in order to eradicate the poverty in Africa but no one produced the attended effect on African people life. My contribution participates to the recurring debate and wants to be decisive. Its goal highlights the thesis that it is the neoliberal philosophy which is in cause. In fact, by orienting African economy toward production models in order to reduce national debts, this politics forms the bases of mass poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of the fact that IFI impose to States drastic conditions, a set of political, social and economical conditionality, the democracy and prosperity were not installed except for leader classes. In this work, we first make a global analysis to show the different failures of development politics in Africa. Due to the fact that our analyzed solutions are not in the continuity of current approach, the second step consists in thinking on alternatives. Our solutions are new and considers new actors (population, civil society), thus we do not use the word reforms. The attempt to highlight IFI neoliberal politics unproductive roll to fight against poverty in sub-Saharan Africa justifies the two-part plan that gives an important part to alternative strategies. Those strategies laud the end of “all is business”, the come-back of State and Politics to regulate economy and to prevent its derives, and also to take into consideration human being as an actor and solidarity between generation and people
Frigoli, Gilles. "La coordination des acteurs dans la construction de l'action publique locale : le cas de l'action sociale territorialisée." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2015.
Full textMérat, Pierre Jorès. "Le littoral, le cœur de la pauvreté en Haïti : quand les politiques publiques appauvrissent les territoires." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2055/document.
Full textThe Haitian coastline today appears as an observatory of the relations between the inhabitants of this area and the public policies adopted by the State since the accession to independence in 1804. All the national surveys (ENMP and ECVMAS I and 2) have shown that the concentration of extreme poverty is in coastal areas and adjacent islands. Even within the cities, known for being better off than the rest of the country, the coastal facades are the center of urban poverty. The "legal void" that is set in fact, transforms coastal areas into a particularly attractive but uncontrollable and unmanageable space. This pernicious attractiveness makes it possible to capture a population qualified as marginal. The created marginality, related to under-equipment and poor governance, will facilitate the emergence and spatial inscription of illegal and illicit forms of activity. However, these littoral spaces are also animated by a pluriactivity allowing the poorest to survive or to obtain a complementary income (cabotage, fishing etc.). The ambition of the present study is articulated around a set of questions that is as follows: how a national and territorial construction can be a generator of poverty, what are the manifestations of this spatial poverty, how does the coastal occupation is carried out without maritimization?, in what way takes care of spatial inequality and especially how public policies impoverish these territories and the populations that occupy them?
Fofana, Ismaël. "Chocs et politiques macroéconomiques, allocation intra-ménage du temps et réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010042.
Full textMwania, Kibanza. "Développement urbain, développement rural et stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090065.
Full textThe RDC committed itself to the Millennium Development goal of cutting the incidence of poverty in half by 2015. It will be very difficult to reach this target if nothing is done to reduce rural poverty. We suggest two different ways of reducing rural poverty: First, develop urban economy to enlarge the outlets of traditional farming market. ; Second, improve capacities in rural areas. A computable General Equilibrium Model enables us to assess the efficiency of these two strategies to reduce poverty. The results of the simulation show that while respecting the budgetary constraint, the best strategy would be to reduce the lack of capacities in the rural areas while enlarging the urban food crops
Nziengui, Mamboundou Pierre. "Analyse de l'impact des réformes économiques sur les inégalités de genre et la pauvreté en Afrique : Application au Burkina Faso et au Sénégal." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH27.
Full textThe fight against gender inequalities and poverty is a central issue for policy makers in Burkina Faso and Senegal.Indeed, we observe high gender inequality level in both countries (in formal labour market and in household work) andhigh poverty level, which affects 40.1% of the population in Burkina Faso and 38% in Senegal (World Bank 2020). It iswhy economic development plan have drawn up based on specific reforms in each country. In Burkina Faso, thechallenge is to increase the public resources allocated to development, which leads to a reform of VAT and oil subsidies.We analyse the effects of these policies on gender inequalities, poverty and food security. In Senegal, the transformationof the economy has been already started, with a particular interest for agriculture sector. We are interested in the effectsof this transformation on gender inequalities and poverty. Using computable general equilibrium models, the results ofthis thesis show that the reforms envisaged in Burkina Faso have negative effects on gender and poverty. In Senegal, thetransformation of the agricultural sector leads to a decrease in gender inequalities and poverty
Mbow, Momar Khary. "Les institutions de microfinance : entre émergence, efficacité et organisation : quel impact sur la pauvreté et la scolarisation ? : le cas de l'UEMOA." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUED009.
Full textThe economic situation in developing countries has worsened in the late 90's. The Millenium Development Goals MDG) adopted at the Millenium Summit of the United Nationas in 2000, aims at halving extreme poverty by 2015. The MDG also aims at improving the access to education. Today, according to the United Nations, microfinance is an essential financial instrument for the success of this project. An important question is how microfinance or Microfinance Institutions (MFI's) can contribute to achieve MDG in the Economic and Moneraty Union of West Africa (WAEMU). More precisely, what is the social impact of MFI's in WAEMU and more particularly on poverty and education ? This thesis aims to answer this question by measuring their social impact. The emergence and the place of MFI's in the WAEMU as well as in the global financial systems are also analysed. In this thesis, we use panel regressions on macro-economic data and show that MFI's positively affects poverty through the variable « average real income of the population ». MFI are also found to affect the enrollment and enrollment rates in primary and secundary education. The thesis shows, however, that the social impact ot MFI on poverty and schooling goes through the penetration and the degrees of proximity of MFI's activities within the population. It also shows that the amounts or volumes of financial funds mobilized by the MFI do not affect poverty and schooling in the WAEMU
Jouve, Élodie. "Les SDF face aux procédures d'assistance : l'apprentissage de la maîtrise de soi." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30057.
Full textIn continuity of the sociology of poverty as Simmel considers it, this work aims at determining how assisting homeless people leads to the constitution of a homeless group and revealing their impact on these people. Together with the observation of the variables of poor's historical treatment, the way they are dealt with today, the « homelessness »' mediatization and the way homeless people perceive their own situation, this work analyses the relation between welfare associations and homeless people which can comfort Simmel's work. The welfare pratices interact with social representation of the homeless, by a logical continuum with what is good (or sufficient) to do for them. The conditions to benefit of welfare (considered as the only way to go out of the street) have a prerequisite : learning self-control. Homeless, as social workers, have to control their bodies, their body manifestations, and their feelings to make the welfare relation work correctly, if not efficient. In this perspective, the techniques of governementality restrain homeless people's ability to ask for their needs. Learning self-control teaches them the behaviour they have to comply with in order to be assisted
Escobar, Hermida Stella. "Les effets pervers de l'aide au développement." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020054.
Full textWhen faced with the scenario of over-production of food products by rich nations and a corresponding need for agricultural products in poor developing nations, the need to dispose of the surplus and the need to addres the specter of starvation led to the justification necessary to accept food assistance programs. However, many people have denounced the program, considering it was an obstacle to the development of agricultural reform in the third world. With regards to industrial assistance, this has been largely channeld to macro-economic projects (monetary, budget and trade assistance, "structural adjustement" projects, huge industrial plans that were often unrelated to the local economic context) as well as to technical and cultural training exchanges that could hardly satisfy the basic needs of rural or suburban populations. Nevertheless, one cannot deny the existance of certain "harmful effects" that accompany the advent of food and industrial assistance, hereby leading to the reconsideration of many preconceived ideas. Then, should one push for the abolishment of this assisitance ? or, would it be more reasonable to change the mechanics of the program and its use to make it more efficient, and even to turn it into
Dabonne, Ervé. "Droits de l'homme et lutte contre la pauvreté au Burkina Faso." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5cc30ba4-6b6c-437b-8c6d-db294728603f.
Full textBurkina Faso is confronted with a poverty of the structural type which is the principal characteristic of the underdevelopment of the country. This phenomenon of gradual impoverishment and its deepening in all the layers of the population led to making of a strategic framework of fight against poverty (SFFP) under the impulse of the institutions of Bretton Woods in May 2000. Supposed to be a framework of reference to support the growth, this document released four axes to be promoted to combat the poverty: growth, the access to the basic social services, creation of job and the good governance. In addition to the fact that there is not legislation specific favourable to the poor to Burkina, the SFFP does not offer any guarantee for the promotion and the protection of the economic, social and cultural rights. This gap illustrates the lack of synergy between this campaign against the poverty and the protection of the human rights. The fight against poverty should fall under an endogenous policy of development conceived by Burkinabè’s State. To this end, it will be necessary to break with the imported economic models which entrainment poverty to promote a participative development, inclusive and democratic. This original strategy of development will have to be based on the sociocultural values of the country to promote the agro-pastoral sector and to found a policy of social protection of the populations. Thus thanks to a revalorization of the international co-operation and a redenomination of the policies of regional integration framed, Burkinabè’s State could indeed guarantee better living and working conditions to its population
Diallo, Oumar. "Trois essais sur la croissance, la pauvreté et les propriétés cycliques de la politique budgétaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116961.
Full textcauses de la faible croissance de l'Afrique en s'appuyant sur l'argument dit « des politiques ». C'est ainsi qu'il convoque la littérature
mettant l'accent sur le rôle de l'instabilité des politiques et utilise le modèle de l'économie dépendante comme fondement théorique.
Le chapitre explore les effets potentiels de l'instabilité des dépenses publiques et du taux de change réel sur la dynamique de
croissance ainsi que les canaux de transmission à travers lesquels ces effets prennent corps. Les résultats de l'analyse empirique
révèlent que l'instabilité des dépenses publiques exacerbe l'instabilité du taux de change réel, qui, en retour, exerce un effet négatif
tant sur l'investissement que sur la productivité globale des facteurs. Par ailleurs, l'analyse empirique indique, en partie, que
l'appréciation du taux de change réel contribue au déclin des secteurs à forte externalités positives, contribuant ainsi à des pertes
continues de productivité et à une croissance économique atone. Ces résultats impliquent que la stabilité des dépenses publiques et du
taux de change réel est cruciale pour la croissance économique à long-terme du continent.
Le second chapitre s'intéresse à la problématique politiques économiques et pauvreté et s'appuie, également, sur le modèle
de l'économie dépendante. Le chapitre part des dépenses publiques et, dans une large mesure, du taux de change réel et explore les
liens entre ces deux variables et la pauvreté. L'analyse empirique, reposant sur un échantillon de pays africains et non-africains,
montre que la dépréciation du taux de change réel favorise les pauvres, à condition que les inégalités de revenus ne soient pas criardes
et que les institutions fonctionnent adéquatement. Il découle de ces résultats empiriques que la dépréciation du taux de change réel
peut être un puissant outil au service de la réduction de la pauvreté si elle est complémentée par d'autres politiques. Ces politiques
comprennent entre autres : faciliter l'accès des pauvres aux facteurs de production et améliorer la qualité des institutions.
S'inscrivant dans la droite ligne de la littérature liant les choix de politiques aux régimes politiques, le troisième et dernier
chapitre porte un regard sur les implications du processus de démocratisation enclenché en Afrique sur les propriétés cycliques de la
politique budgétaire. La principale question à laquelle essaie de répondre ce chapitre est de savoir si les institutions démocratiques ont
facilité l'adoption de politiques budgétaires contra-cycliques sur le continent. L'analyse empirique y répond en montrant une
corrélation positive entre institutions démocratiques et politiques budgétaires contra-cycliques. De plus, et ce point est sans doute le
plus important, les institutions formelles ayant pour vocation de contrebalancer le poids de l'exécutif s'avèrent être le principal facteur
qui explique pourquoi les démocraties lissent mieux les cycles économiques que les autocraties.
Commeyras, Christophe. "Des soins pour les plus pauvres, le défi du désendettement : le médicament, moteur de la demande autant que carburant de l' offre dans les pays en développement, priorité à la formation dans une approche sous-régionale (exemple au Cameroun)." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066489.
Full textBackiny-Yetna, Prosper Romuald. "Politiques publiques et pauvreté : trois études de cas d'évaluation des performances de ciblage et d'analyse d'impact." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871728.
Full textDieng, Malick. "Les limites des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique : le cas du Sénégal." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1036.
Full textGaboua, Solange Patricia. "Pauvreté et croissance : le cas particulier des pays de l’Afrique centrale : Cameroun, Congo et République Centrafricaine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020111.
Full textThis thesis presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of monetary and non-monetary poverty of three countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic). After a review of theoretical approaches of poverty and different strategies for poverty eradication implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa this work explores the stylized facts concerning the economic growth on poverty reduction in the three countries. Finally, we empirically examine the relationship between economic growth and non-income poverty using Moser and Ichida (2001) model. We find that an increase in GDP per capita leads to an increase in life expectancy, an increase in the rate of gross primary school enrolment and a decline in infant mortality rates. These results have direct policy implications
Riensuwarn, Dang. "Pauvreté et modalités d'existence de la population dans les sites de réinstallation de Lamdomnoi en Thaïlande." Paris 12, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA120002.
Full textThis study attempted to examine the modalities of existance of the farmers in the resettlement sites (nikom) established by the government of thailand. The context of this thesis was divided into two parts, the general socio-economic conditions of the thai farmers, the modalities of existance of the farmers in the resettlement sites. The nikom lamdomnoi (ubon province, north-eastern region) was chosen as the studied site. The socio-economic conditions and the modalities of existance of the farmers in the studied site, were obtained by interviewing more than 250 persons. The findings showed that the resettlement conception, the fixation of the credit by the banks and the local merchands, the fixation of the agricultural product price by the local merchands, and the lack of agricultural education and formation of the farmers, are the main mutual interaction factors of poverty
Ba, Alassane. "Croissance économique et réduction de la pauvreté : modèle de prévision adapté à l'évaluation de politiques économiques, cas du modèle de Cadre Budgétaire à Moyen Terme." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4023.
Full textPoverty has become a major concern in the international context of globalization. Poor countries like Mali, whose economy is subject to the vagaries of the international environment and impacts of climate, face the challenge to ensure a harmonious economic and social development. The condition of this success through accelerated growth, a significant reduction of poverty and human development. If Mali is an average growth of 5% since 1994, however, the reduction of poverty was very low. Development policies are confronted with challenges to the quality, targeting and evaluation. The quality of macroeconomic policies and the optimal allocation of resources towards priority sectors for development are essential to arrive at the triangle of development: growth, reduction of poverty and human development. To facilitate this interaction, we choose whether to develop a budgetary model of framework in the medium term (CBMT) which is a tool for decision support and a tool for dialogue and arbitration to ensure the articulation between the macroeconomic framework, budget and development stratégies. The model structure consists of a real sector, a sector of public finances (including the state budget, budgets and sectoral performance indicators), a monetary sector and a module poverty analysis. Model CBMT is by its structure a model quasi-accountant with equations of behavior. It is intended to improve the assessment of economic and fiscal policies by strengthening the quality of budget decisions and managing for results
Duarte, Cristiane Rose de Siqueira. "Intervention publique et dynamique sociale dans la production d'un nouvel espace de pauvreté urbaine : Vila Pinheiros, à Rio de Janeiro." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010572.
Full textThis thesis analyses a low cost settlement built between 1979 and 1983 in order to relocate a population of very low income people. These people have migrated from rural areas to a shanty town named "favelas mare", located in rio de janeiro. Since the group relocated to an urbanized settlement, a difficult process of adaptation and change took place. The way in which the spaces had beesn molded by their inhabitants during the transitions to the urban way of life was analysed. The main objective of this study is to understand the fators related to the perceptions of the symbolic elements that are introduced in their houses and quarters. The duality between rural and urban areas is shown. In fact, when these people migrated to the big city, they had in mind a false image of what they would find. Meanwhile, the rural life style is still found in their habits and costumes over generations. By analyzing the dwelling units drom the outside to the inside aspects, it is possible to know this duality. It can also be noted that their common social and psychological roots contributed significantly to the aesthetical standardization of the quarters. Other relevant changes in behavior are the use of the streets for social purposes, rather than solely a way for coming and going though the blocs and their own associations to meet the demand of the community. The conclusion indicates that people are able to adjust their housing needs to their culture and income level according to a logical process which is hardly regarded by the official entities. We think that this dynamic must be taken into account for the planning of low cost house programs
Porcher, Thomas. "Recettes pétrolières et financement de la lutte contre la pauvreté : le cas de la République du Congo." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010009.
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