Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Performance de référence'
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Le, Chaffotec Alexandra. "Autorité et performance dans les réseaux : l'exemple de la production de soins par les centres de référence maladies rares." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010027.
Full textBoussaïd, Boumedyen. "Contribution à la tolérance active aux défauts des systèmes dynamiques par gestion des références." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10052/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is part of fault tolerant control systems under constraints with consideration of performance degradation. The main objective of this work is to consider the reference management as an integral part of the fault tolerant control system. In the literature, the most active methods of fault tolerance imply that recovery of the nominal system is always possible and that performance ratings are still achievable. This requirement is unrealistic in practice because several factors prevent the system reconfigured back to its nominal operating mode. In industry, the set of system constraints is a major problem which limits the nominal operating of the system to defined functional ranges. These functional ranges are reduced dramatically after the occurrence of some faults known as severe faults that generally affect the capacity of actuators. Therefore, this assumption of nominal performance recovery in the case of systems under constraints limits the set of faults treated with these conventional methods to a few minor faults. To remedy this problem, architecture of reconfiguration structured in two levels is proposed. The first level concerns the conventional reconfiguration algorithms acting on a reconfigurable controller, and the second acts on the module of reference management based on a reference-offset governor. The exact knowledge of the post-fault model requires a fault detection and diagnosis system to estimate the magnitude of fault, which led to the synthesis of an adaptive observer based LMI for estimating fault. To synchronize the FTC process flow, two indices have been designed. The first index refers to the decision mechanism for selecting the reconfiguration level required for the accommodation of the fault. The second index used to evaluate the level of the degradation of the system "post-fault". The performance degradation is still allowed as long as safety instructions are respected
Boussaid, Boumedyen. "Contribution à la tolérance active aux défauts des systèmes dynamiques par gestion des références." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624964.
Full textDrut, Amandine. "La mesure de l’homocystéinémie plasmatique chez le chat : validité de la méthode de chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, déterminants biologiques, intervalle de référence et application aux maladies rénales chroniques." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR131F.
Full textIn human medicine, plasma plasma homocysteine concentration is a biomarker used for early diagnosis of cobalamin or folate deficiencies, and cardiovascular risk assessment in some medical conditions such as chronic kidney failure. ln veterinary medicine, several studies are beginning to address the status of homocysteine in diseased animals. The first objective of our study was to define the biological determinants and the reference interval of plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy adult cats, after having verified the concentration validity of the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. Our work confirmed the suitability of this technique for the measurement of homocysteine in feline plasma. The study of plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy cats provided a particularly wide reference interval, showing high inter-individual variability that we were not able to explain by epidemiological determinants. We described an influence of the dietary protein content and plasma creatinine concentration. A strong metabolic signature was identified in a group of animals with elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations, suggesting alterations in the homocysteine metabolism in some healthy cats. The second aim of our work was to compare plasma homocysteine concentrations between a population of cats with stable chronic kidney disease and the previously established population of healthy individuals. This study of a small number of cats with chronic kidney disease did not show any differences from the reference population
Rahajandraibe, Wenceslas. "Contribution à l'optimisation de performances des références de tension Bandgap." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20127.
Full textLe, Hénaff Benjamin. "Comparaisons entre groupes, anonymat, et performances cognitives : expérimentations dans les environnements numériques et en coprésence." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20020/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study how group identification may lead to better cognitive performance, based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). This theory states that the social identity of individuals is partly based on comparison of their group with another group. The search for a positive social identity should drive individuals to act on behalf of their own group, putting them in an advantageous position compared to another group. The SIDE Model (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects, Reicher, Spears & Postmes, 1995) extends this theory by postulating that anonymity could facilitate the transition from personal to social identity, which is reinforced in the process. Our study was organized along three lines of research. The first two examined how anonymity and intergroup comparison affects performance on computer quizzes and statistics exercises in a web-based learning environment. The third studied the effects of anonymity and intergroup comparison on the generation of creative ideas in the presence of others. Consistent with the SIDE Model, we found that intergroup comparison under anonymity conditions activated group members’ social identity, leading to better performance on cognitive tasks. We also found that individual differences, such as prior knowledge, may moderate the effects of the SIDE model. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and future research directions are suggested
Krantz, Norbert. "Apprendre à lancer le javelot, une approche des transformations : tome 1, référents théoriques : tome 2, partie expérimentale." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21342.
Full textThe objectif of motor learning consist in a modification of answering motor pattern; quantitative and qualitative evaluation of transformations due to intervention strategy is a particularly hard task. Most of the procedures in athletics throws did not have a strict experimental validation. Very often they are a testimony of the teacher’s representations and expectations. Sometimes they consist in real believes. The numerous informations we have collected all along the process, on a lot of PE and sports students, have led us to a better conception of the phenomenon. We have been able to quantify the improvement of subjects learning javelin throw, on both normative and singular view. Thus we have been in a position to prove that, on first stage of learning process, performance depends on time committment in motor skill. The existence of a prediction equation showing a strong determination coefficient allows the illustration of this connection, as much with men and women. However the shapes of the curves demonstrates the existence of disparities since we perceive accelerations, stagnations, and regressions that can be explained only by a causal analysis. The statistics analysis allows to delimitate, for a certain number of hypotheses, the existence of a validity space when they don’t allow to refute the pertinence of certain points of view; they suggest some economics and reliable evaluation protocoles that rely on proved facts. We think that study could serve as an example, not only for the approach that other disciplines could adopt, but even for the general knowledge of motor learning
Simon, Jean-Yves. "Développement de couches barrières multicouches hautes performances pour les OLEDs et OPVs. Références : DRT SL-DRT-10-1008." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT091.
Full textOver the last few years, a significant growth is observed for OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) resulting in the gradual integration into many electronic devices for mass-market applications: smartphones, touchscreen tablet, TV … However, despite many advantages, the high sensitivity of the organic stacks in ambient atmosphere, and the surface degradation of the devices, are the main causes limiting the massive use of this technology. The encapsulation of the devices thanks to barrier multilayers can solve some or all these problems. The aim of this thesis is to develop and to characterize new inorganic-organic multilayers as a barrier against moisture and oxygen, in order to preserve OLEDs performances. Solutions for the thin layer encapsulation, made directly in the surface of the devices, have been developed and evaluated on OLEDs. The encapsulation stacks are based on alternating between a film of aluminum oxide deposited by ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) and a layer of organic resin. Stacks of OLEDs are fragile, and the deposits have been carried out under mild conditions, especially when temperatures are low (T < 100 °C). A the same time, a method for the characterization of the barrier properties has been carried out, in order to evaluate the intrinsic performances of thin films or encapsulation stacks used, and to provide an understanding of the protection mechanism
Bronet, Vincent. "Amélioration de la performance industrielle à partir d’un processus Référent : déploiement inter entreprises de bonnes pratiques." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS020.
Full textOur study aims to propose a methodology and tools which facilitate the internal benchmarking. This approach aims to share good practices between two business processes. In the first chapter, we show the evolution of industrial performance. In the past, we focused on the production cost reduction and now our actions must more and more improve our business processes regarding four characteristics: a global, perennial, relevant and accelerated performance. We also explain that the present progress approaches can not simultaneously satisfy these four stakes. In the second chapter, we expose the benchmarking evolution which passed from a business process results comparison to an identification of good practices at the origin of performance. We try to define “good practice” with the help of Knowledge Management discipline and explain the difficulty for a company to identify it. We also show that the present benchmarking models, which are proposed in the literature, can not help most companies to share easily good practices. So, that' s the reason why we propose in the third chapter a methodology and tools which concerne especially three steps of benchmarking: the process description, the processes comparison and the good practices deployment. We finish the study with an application in TECUMSEH company. The fourth chapter shows an internal benchmarking between two plants regarding "Six Sigma" process
Davailles, Aurélien. "Effet de la concentration en solide sur les performances de séparation d'un hydrocyclone (simulations numériques et expériences de références)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0112/document.
Full textTar sands beneficiation requires a series of processing steps for separation of bitumen, water and sand particles. In this process, hydrocyclones are used to separate sand from water and bitumen, thereby recovering additional bitumen and concentrating sand particles before sending them off to tailing ponds. In order to reduce fresh water consumption (environmental policy), hydrocyclones need to operate with high feed solids content, say 50% in mass, which lays outside their standard operating regime. The response and performance of hydrocyclones need to be understood under such stringent operating conditions. A pilot scale experiment was commissioned for testing a 100mm diam. hydrocyclone under different operating regimes of discharge and measuring the corresponding separation performance. Feed solids concentration and geometrical properties were varied extensively. Separation performance indicators, including partition curve, cut-size, sharpness index and water recovery to underflow were obtained by standard data reconciliation. The experimental data provided all the information required to test the CFD model that was derived to simulate the hydrocyclone. Eulerian simulations of the three-dimensional liquid-solid flow inside the hydrocyclone were carried out, using a multi-fluid model (NEPTUNE_ CFD@Tlse). The actual geometrical features and operating conditions of the hydrocyclone were accurately matched in the simulations. Two simulation approaches have been proposed for hydrocyclone modelling, depending on their operating under dilute conditions, with a spray discharge or dense conditions, with a rope discharge. Numerical simulation results are in good agreement with experiments. Local analysis of hydrodynamic features yields new insights into the behaviour of hydrocyclones at high feed solids concentration
Tahenni, Touhami. "Étude de la capacité portante à l'effort tranchant des poutres en béton armé renforcées en fibres d'acier avec référence particulière aux poutres en béton à hautes performances." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS413.
Full textDespite de multiple advantages of high performances, it is still relatively unknown. It is thusimportant to study this material from all the aspects in the aim of understanding its structuralbehavior and using it as a building material in composition with steel and hence beneficiate fullyfrom its higher compressive strength and denser compactness. In this sense, the serviceability ofthe material, particularly its behaviour towards cracking which affects its integrity, necessitates adeeper investigation. In the same context, the shear behavior of high performances concrete(HPC) is still insufficiently investigated by comparison to the abundant literature for that of ordinaryconcrete (OC). On the aspect of shear behaviour, it is worth noting that such a solicitation inreinforced concrete is a topic which continues to arouse a lot of interest despite the abundanceof the existing literature. The applicability of the different design approaches to high performancesconcrete requires further investigations. This aspect is a part of the objectives of the presentexperimental study. The use of steel fibers as reinforcement for concrete in general and for highperformances concrete in particular seems to improve the structural behavior of this concretematerial, particularly for shearing. On these aspects of structural behaviour, a total of 70 reinforcedconcrete beams, from ordinary concrete and high performances concrete, with and withoutsteel fibers, have been tested in four-point flexural bending. The steel fibers were used in differentquantities /f and different aspect ratios lf/df. The test carried out in this investigation have shownthat fibers stitch up effectively the two faces of a crack and thus enable structural elements to beserviceable at higher loading levels. This efficiency is particularly distinguishable for highperformances concrete (HPC) which develops a relatively better bond with the reinforcement bycomparison to ordinary concrete (OC). These stitching effects are however not reflected in thedesign models presented in the different universal design codes
Vigne, Grégory. "Détermination et variation du profil physique du footballeur de très haut niveau : référence spéciale aux performances athlétiques selon les différents postes de jeu orientant sur la validation d'un test d'agilité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752237.
Full textVigne, Grégory. "Détermination et variation du profil physique du footballeur de très haut niveau : référence spéciale aux performances athlétiques selon les différents postes de jeu orientant sur la validation d’un test d’agilité." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10343/document.
Full textThis work is dedicated to scientists, coaches and physical trainers as well as athletes involved in elite soccer activity. The scientific results and their practical applications could be used as a basis for the work of scientists as well as football professionals. The first part of this thesis showed that playing positions significantly influence activity profile. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the work/rest ratio observed in elite soccer Italian Serie A championship attained 1/8 and represented a mean work time of 2.2 seconds for an averaged recovery time of 18 seconds. The second part of this thesis, explored the evolution of activity profile and total ball possession during 3 consecutive seasons in the same elite team. This study has showed how for three consecutive seasons the players of successful Serie-A team reduced their distances performed at submaximal speeds, and increased ball possession while maintaining the distances covered at high/maximal speeds. It is suggested that this is due to a better understanding of tactical roles and team organization. The third part of the thesis tended to develop and to valid a specific agility soccer test composed with fundamental soccer tasks which has to be performed as quickly as possible. The validity and repeatability of the test has been demonstrated and it has been applied on a large population of different ages, positions and levels. As a conclusion, this thesis provided new specific results and perspectives that would influence professional soccer athletic conditioning and that provided a new specific test to detect young soccer players
Dogba, Maman A. D. Joyce. "Rôle des ressources humaines dans la performance du système de référence-évacuation de Kayes au Mali." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4534.
Full textAlthough proven effective interventions have been transferred from the developed world, developing countries still face high maternal and perinatal deaths. Weak health systems and human resources crisis hinder the scaling up of those interventions. This study is aimed at improving the understanding of the role of human resources, especially the first line staff in a maternal referral system, the evacuation and referral system (ERS) of Kayes (Mali). The implantation of the ERS as part of major strategies for fighting maternal and perinatal deaths has been generalised in Mali’s eight administrative regions. The ERS main components are: upgrading of emergency obstetric care (EmOC); funding by a solidarity fund; and improving transport and communication by ambulance. These components allows for joint action regarding the supply and the use of maternal and perinatal services. Yet, due to the shortages in skilled birth attendants, the extension of the coverage in emergency obstetric services has been made with less qualified staff. Kayes is Mali’s first administrative region and a cradle of emigration. It therefore offers, with the support of its immigrants, a more diversified primary care provision than elsewhere in Mali. This gives an opportunity of studying the role of primary care staff in the ERS performance. More precisely, the objectives of this research were to: 1 identify characteristics of primary care teams that influenced the ERS performance assessed by the joint mother-child survival and 2) improve the understanding of human resources practices associated with ERS performance. We combined a systematic literature review with a mixed quantitative and qualitative research design. Kayes ERS performance was modelised using Michie and West conceptual framework and the motivational process was explored with Vroom’s expectancy theory. Data for the quantitative analyses derived from an ongoing system of registering all obstetric emergencies implemented since 2004 (GESYRE: Gestion du Système de Référence Évacuation / Management of the Evacuation Referral System) and periodic surveys. A biprobit regression model has been fitted to estimate the effects of the point of entry in the ERS and the primary care team composition on the joint mother-newborn survival. We also conducted semi structured interviews and non participant observations in order to explore human resources practices in purposely selected community health centers. This research confirmed the importance of human resources in ERS performance. When women’ individual risk factors are controlled for, there is a combined effect of distance traveled and the point of entry in the ERS on one side and the community health centers staff on the other hand, on the mother-child joint survival. The best prognosis of care was found in women who directly accessed care at the regional hospital. Having been transferred from a community health center where there is a physician or more than three professionals increased the mother-child survival probability. Physicians in community health centers develop strategies for a better performance of the health centers they managed: direct implication in care and a competitive care environment. Primary care managers set up incentives to motivate staff. The motivation process remains however a variable and complex one. The desirability of good results was common for all staff though its motivations varied according to the type of staff. Besides, due to insufficiency of material and multiples intermediate factors, perception of a linkage between effort and result was low. This increased understanding of the role of primary care human resources in the ERS performance would focus the management of ERS performance on targeted but effective interventions. The workforce could benefit from the study conclusions in identifying and applying best practices. Further research challenges would also be more precisely identified.
Privé, Marc. "Proposition d'un cadre de référence propice au développement d'instruments de mesure de la performance pour les intervenants en centre de conditionnement physique." Thèse, 1992. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1444/1/1474505.pdf.
Full textAntoine, Bertille. "Gérer le risque d'échantillonnage en économétrie financière : modélisation et contrôle." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1963.
Full textperrin, nicolas. "Approche globale des besoins en informations des collectivités locales dans le domaine de la gestion des déchets ménagers. Essai d'une analyse spatiale sur les villes de Grenoble, Vitry-Sur-Seine et de la Communauté d'Agglomération du Pays Voironnais." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009056.
Full textIordanova, Ivanka. "Assistance de l’enseignement de la conception architecturale par la modélisation de savoir-faire des référents." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2798.
Full textConducted in a period of transition in the representation and communication strategies in architecture, the present research focuses on architectural design teaching and especially on the contributions of digital means to this process. Based on a qualitative methodology, including participative and exploratory approaches, this research evolved around a progression of questions, the first one being “How could architectural design teaching take advantage of digital technologies?” Our objective was to define computer-assisted teaching methods and digital devices that could enrich the students’ design methods. A starting point of the research was a comprehensive literature review of the domain, including in-depth studies of the role of architectural referents in the design learning process, as well as of the integrated design approaches. The findings from these theoretical studies were then confronted with evidence from observations of the students’ design processes when working on a small architectural task. This revealed some discrepancies between the theoretical positions and the teaching practices in the digital architectural studio. The research question was precised in consequence, in order to address them. Specifically, the present research proposes efficient and innovative methods for resolving the discrepancies between theory and teaching practice, based on cognitive aspects of the underlying processes. Focusing on theories of knowledge, learning and design process, we were able to identify some pertinent cognitive strategies for attaining the objectives of this research, namely the necessity for multimodal representation of referents, the importance of representing the process and not only the result, as well as the advantage of motivating the students to work in their ‘zone of proximal development’. As a result of these studies, a complementary design teaching method was defined. It incites the students to perform design explorations based on manipulations of architectural know-how during the conceptual phase of the project. Pedagogic and didactic strategies for the implementation of this method were developed. A prototype of a library of interactive architectural referents (LibReArchI) was created in order to enrich the students’ ‘design space’ and to serve as shared resource between students and tutors. The main results from this research show a positive role of the proposed design teaching method for architectural know-how learning in the digital studio. It was found that this method has the potential to assist some integrated design strategies and to stimulate the generation of ideas. At the theoretical level, we propose a model of one cycle of the conceptual process when performed with digital means. In conclusion, some limitations of the research are mentioned and perspectives for its future development are drawn.