Academic literature on the topic 'Pest and pathogen management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
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Prakash, Jyoti, Manpreet Kour, Aradhna, Shubham, and Shilpa Kaushal. "Pest Management in Hydroponics Crop Production: Challenges and Solutions." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 5 (2025): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i55426.
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Soilless cultivation, specifically hydroponic structures, is gaining attraction as a sustainable and green opportunity to conventional soil based agriculture. Hydroponic cultivation requires precise parameters adjustments inclusive of temperature, pH, water and nutrient formulations for optimized plant health and productiveness. However, these system have numerous challenges like pest and pathogen attack and further management, nutrient recycling and environmental impact. Therefore, present review discusses the comparative advantages and obstacles of open and closed hydroponic systems, highlighting the susceptibility of closed systems to pathogen spread and vehicle toxicity due to root exudates. The significance of IPM, plant health monitoring and the use of mycorrhizae in greenhouse hydroponic is emphasized in current study. Various strategies for managing the pathogens and toxic compounds in nutrient solutions are evaluated, which include activated carbon adsorption, electro-degradation, semiconductor photo-catalysis, ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide treatment and filtration strategies. The article underscores the need for effective, sustainable and scalable treatment procedures tailored to closed hydroponic systems to make sure high productivity even as minimizing the environmental dangers. Moreover, it identifies the opportunities for scientific studies into optimizing the microbial health in substrates and enhancing the overall IPM implementation under controlled environments for sustainable crop production.
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LUCAS, J. A. "Advances in plant disease and pest management." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, S1 (2010): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000997.
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SUMMARYPests and diseases impact on crop yield and quality, and also reduce resource-use efficiency. Improved crop protection strategies to prevent such damage and loss can increase production and make a substantial contribution to food security. DNA-based technologies are likely to greatly increase the speed, sensitivity and accuracy of pest and pathogen detection and diagnosis. Rapid sequencing of nucleic acids from infected plants will aid identification of novel disease agents. Biomarkers of disease or crop damage such as volatile chemicals or blends may also be used to detect pest outbreaks. Biosensors coupled to information networks will provide real-time monitoring and surveillance of crops or stored produce and hence early warning of emerging problems and new invasive species. Challenges remain in the dissemination of new technologies and information to resource poor farmers in developing countries, although the rapid extension of the internet, mobile phones and other communication networks will provide new opportunities. Defining the genetic and molecular basis of innate plant immunity has been a major advance in plant biology with the potential to identify new targets for intervention via novel chemistry or genetic modification (GM). Identification of regulatory genes, signal molecules, pathways and networks controlling induced plant defence should lead to the development of a new generation of defence modulators, delivered either as crop protection products, or via biological agents on seeds or in the root zone. There should also be opportunities to select more responsive crop genotypes, or to develop transgenic crops tailored to respond to specific chemical cues or molecular patterns diagnostic for particular biotic threats. Sequencing of the genomes of the major crop species and their wild relatives will expand enormously the known gene pool and diversity of genetic resources available for plant breeders to access. It should be possible to identify genomic regions and genes conferring more durable, quantitative resistance to pathogens. The breeding cycle will be accelerated by high-throughput phenotyping and more efficient selection of resistance traits using within-gene markers. GM approaches will facilitate pyramiding (combining) resistance genes with different specificities and modes of action, thereby reducing the risk of directional selection for virulence. Analysis of the genomes of plant pathogens and invertebrate pests is already providing new information on genes, gene families and processes involved in host colonization and pathogenicity. Comparative genomics of species with diverse host ranges, contrasting feeding habits and different pathogenic lifestyles will identify new targets for inhibiting pest attack and aid the development of novel antimicrobial drugs and pesticides. Understanding the natural ecology of pests and pathogens, such as the factors determining host location, resource exploitation and interactions with other organisms, will improve our ability to manipulate behaviour, or exploit natural enemies or other antagonists of pest species. Volatile signals, either from natural plant sources, or engineered in transgenic crops, will be more widely used to modify pest behaviour. It may also be possible to manipulate microbial communities regulating pathogen populations and activity, and thereby recruit and retain more effective biocontrol agents. Insights into the natural diversity and activity of soil and microbial populations in the zones surrounding roots and seeds will provide new information on mechanisms of suppression regulating pest species. Fully effective interventions are unlikely, due to the complexity and diversity of the soil system, but there should be progress towards integrated control regimes combining more resistant crop genotypes (either selected or GM) with targeted management of natural suppressive processes. Harnessing new technologies and knowledge to create more durable resistant crops and sustainable disease and pest management systems will require improved understanding of the factors driving pest and pathogen adaptation and evolution. There must also be an increased emphasis on translational research and delivery, and developing strategies appropriate for lower-input production systems, if the second ‘green revolution’ is to become a reality.
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Moricca, Salvatore, and Tiziana Panzavolta. "Recent Advances in the Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Pathogens and Pests." Forests 12, no. 12 (2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121623.
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Tree pathogens and pests are fundamental components of forest ecosystems. By killing and decomposing susceptible trees, they regulate the cycle of nutrients and energy flow, thus shaping the structure and composition of forest stands. However, ecosystems can be seriously disrupted when the population density of these parasites increases beyond their tolerance level. Ascertaining the origin of pathogen and pest outbreaks, recognizing their causal agents in a precise and unequivocal way, while understanding their reproductive and dispersive dynamics are all crucial for the implementation of effective control measures. The studies collected in this special issue cover a wide range of topics in the field of forest pathology and entomology. Investigations range from molecular diagnosis of pathogens and pests to their monitoring and quantification in the field, from measurements of their proliferation rate to the analysis of their genetic variability, from the assessment of the role of plant diversity and ecosystem heterogeneity on pathogen and pest impacts to disease and pest management. Specific case studies show how applied research conducted with innovative methods is key to solving taxonomic issues that were, until now, controversial. The variety of experimental approaches and the range of scientific issues addressed document the trends and topicality of modern forest health protection science.
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Shakeel, Adnan, Jewel Jameeta Noor, Uzma Jan, Aabida Gul, Zafar Handoo, and Nasheeman Ashraf. "Saponins, the Unexplored Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defense: Opportunities in Integrated Pest Management." Plants 14, no. 6 (2025): 861. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060861.
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Plants are exposed to a diverse range of biotic stressors, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, insects and viruses. To combat these enemies, plants have developed an arsenal of defense mechanisms over time, among which secondary metabolites are the most effective. Moreover, to overcome the negative impact of chemical pesticides, the plant’s secondary metabolites can be harnessed to develop novel disease management strategies. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes and essential oils are major pathogen/pest-responsive secondary metabolite classes in plants. Among these, saponins have shown significant potential in suppressing a wide range of plant pathogens. However, they are yet to be explored thoroughly compared to other secondary metabolites in plant defense, and therefore, a low number of disease control agents exist in agri-markets based on saponins. Thus, this review aims to rectify this bias by identifying and acknowledging the significance of saponins as being on par with other classes of secondary metabolites in plant defense systems. It also provides the first holistic review on the role of saponins with known mechanisms against all of the major plant pathogens/pests. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential of saponin-rich crops in providing eco-friendly pest/pathogen management products for integrated pest management (IPM) and prospectives on the potential of saponin derivatives in developing novel biocides for sustainable agriculture.
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Tiwari, Awanindra Kumar. "Advances in Biological Control Strategies for Sustainable Pest Management." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 3 (2024): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i33894.
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Biological control using natural enemies offers environmentally safe and sustainable options for managing insect pests and plant pathogens in agriculture. Recent technological advances have led to promising innovations in mass production, formulation and application of biological control agents (BCAs) including parasitoids, predators, microbial antagonists and semiochemicals. Genomic tools have enabled better understanding of mechanisms of antagonism, host-pathogen interactions and molecular signaling guiding greater efficacy. Nanoparticle based delivery systems, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, synthetic symbionts, endophytes, insect gut microbiome manipulations and transgenic resistance offer tremendous scope for devising novel biological control tactics. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) models using ecologically based approaches and adoption of high-tech tools coupled with predictive algorithms can further harness the biocontrol potential providing effective and durable pest management solutions.
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Panzavolta, Tiziana, Matteo Bracalini, Alessandra Benigno, and Salvatore Moricca. "Alien Invasive Pathogens and Pests Harming Trees, Forests, and Plantations: Pathways, Global Consequences and Management." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101364.
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Forest health worldwide is impacted by many invasive alien pathogens and pests (IAPPs) that cause significant harm, with severe economic losses and environmental alterations. Destructive tree pathogens and pests have in the past devastated our forests, natural landscapes and cityscapes and still continue to represent a serious threat. The main driver of pathogen and pest invasions is human activities, above all global trade, which allows these invasive species to overstep their natural distribution ranges. While natural transport occurs according to a regular, expected colonization pattern (based on the dispersive capacity of the organism), human-mediated transport takes place on a larger, unpredictable scale. In order for a pathogen or pest species to become invasive in a new territory it must overcome distinct stages (barriers) that strongly affect the outcome of the invasion. Early detection is crucial to enabling successful eradication and containment. Although sophisticated diagnostic techniques are now available for disease and pest surveillance and monitoring, few control and mitigation options are usable in forestry; of these, biological control is one of the most frequently adopted. Since invasion by pathogens and pests is an economic and ecological problem of supranational relevance, governments should endorse all necessary preventive and corrective actions. To this end, establishing and harmonizing measures among countries is essential, both for preventing new introductions and for diminishing the eventual range expansion of IAPPs present at a local scale. Research is fundamental for: (i) developing effective and rapid diagnostic tools; (ii) investigating the epidemiology and ecology of IAPPs in newly introduced areas; and (iii) supporting policymakers in the implementation of quarantine regulations.
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Kapsa, Józefa S. "Important Threats in Potato Production and Integrated Pathogen/Pest Management." Potato Research 51, no. 3-4 (2008): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-008-9114-1.
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Borkar, Suresh. "Invasive Pest and Disease Pathogen as Sneakers in Railways for Their Spread in Different Ecological Region: A New Report." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.238.
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A new pathway of travels by invasive pest and disease pathogen through railways, as sneakers, were noticed for the first time. The Indian railways passing through the soybean fields infested with Spodoptera litura, after evening attracted the moth of Spodoptera by the illuminating lights in the railways compartment and the moth enters into the compartment through open compartment windows. These moths remain in the railway compartment until the dawn and get out of the compartment as the early morning sun light enters into the compartments and are thus the sneakers crop pest in railways due to their unnoticed travels/transport. Such sneakers crop pest travels up to a distance of 600 km during the period of night from one ecological region to another ecological region having the same crop to infest or the alternative host crop of the pest to cause the fresh infestation. This phenomenon of pest travel was observed in the region of Lalitpur in Uttar Pradesh, India, having soybean infestation. This is a quick travel by the pest into different areas, unseen and unreported earlier and may occur in any part of the world where the railways pass through the infested crop areas and attract the positive phototaxis pest and transport them, as sneakers, in to another ecological region.
 In another instance, the Sigatoka disease pathogen of banana was also noticed to travels from one ecological region to another ecological region through the railways, as sneakers without notice. This phenomenon of disease pathogen’s travels was noticed in Jalgaon region from where the banana produce is transported to different parts of India. In the trading and transport of banana through railways, the loaders use the banana leaves infected with the sigatoka pathogen as a packaging material for banana bunches while loading the banana produce in the railway wagons for their transportation. Thus, the sigatoka pathogen travels up to a distance of 1200 km/day along with the banana produce through the railways. The sigatoka infected leaves, with the unloading of banana produce also sneaks into the new ecological region and spread to infect the banana crop available in the region.
 Thus, the positive phototaxis insect pest are the sneakers in the railways for their travels while diseases pathogens with healthy crop produce travels and embarks to sneaks into a new ecological region and thus the railways transport system unintentionally transport the crop pest and disease pathogen from one ecological region to another. The knowledge of this new travel pathway will be useful in finalizing the strategies of plant quarantine and management of invasive pest and disease pathogens.
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Jactel, Hervé, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Andrea Battisti, et al. "Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions." NeoBiota 58 (July 10, 2020): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.54389.
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The world’s forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases. We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health.
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Jactel, Hervé, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Andrea Battisti, et al. "Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions." NeoBiota 58 (July 10, 2020): 107–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.54389.
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The world's forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases. We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
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Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Evaluation of a Biologically Intensive Integrated Pest Management System for Sclerotinia Drop on Lettuce: 2006 Study." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215028.
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Sclerotinia drop of lettuce, caused by the pathogenic fungi Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, is a serious disease in most regions were this crop is grown. Conventional fungicides, such as Rovral (iprodione) and Endura (boscalid), are usually applied after lettuce is thinned and once more 2 to 3 weeks later. Two biological products, Contans (Coniothyrium minitans) and Serenade (Bacillus subtilis), are also available. In earlier field trials conducted from 2001 to 2004 in the presence of S. minor, the mean reduction in disease by Contans, Serenade and Endura was 36, 21 and 51%, respectively. The main objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of the biological products Contans and Serenade, applied alone or in combination with each other or the conventional fungicide Endura, within a biologically intensive integrated pest management system for Sclerotinia drop on lettuce caused by S. minor. The study was conducted at the The University of Arizona, Yuma Valley Agricultural Center. Sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor were produced in the laboratory. Lettuce ‘Winterhaven’ was seeded and sclerotia were applied to the plots on Nov 14, 2005 and the final disease assessment at plant maturity was made Mar 13, 2006. There was a high degree of variability among the replicate plots for each treatment in this trial, as well as an overall low disease incidence, which made statistical comparisons of data difficult. The only treatment in this trial that significantly lowered disease incidence compared to nontreated plots was an initial application of Contans at seeding followed by Endura at thinning. This study was established in a field containing well-draining loam soil, which combined with the lack of any rainfall and the use of furrow irrigations in January and February, which kept the tops of beds dry, likely contributed to the excessive variability and low incidence of disease.
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Hsu, Hung-Wei. "The host-pathogen interaction and its pest management implication: dicistroviruses and invasive ants as a model." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259744.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第22848号<br>農博第2431号<br>新制||農||1082(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||R2||N5308(農学部図書室)<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 松浦 健二, 教授 大門 高明, 教授 吉村 剛<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Inyang, Enenwan N. "Effect of the host plant on the susceptibility of crucifer pests to the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245611.
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Rakotonindraina, Toky Fanambinana. "Analyse et modélisation des effets des pratiques culturales sur les épidémies de mildiou de la pomme de terre. Adaptation du modèle SIPPOM (Simulator for Integrated Pathogen POpulation Management) au pathosystème." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0147/document.
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Le mildiou de la pomme de terre, causé par l'agent pathogène Phytophthora infestans est l'une des maladies les plus préjudiciables de la culture. Jusqu'à présent, la lutte chimique reste le moyen de contrôle le plus utilisé pour la maîtriser, classant la pomme de terre au premier rang en termes d'Indices de Fréquence de Traitement en grande culture. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de variétés résistantes, comportant notamment des gènes de résistances spécifiques, a également démontré son efficacité pour limiter les dégâts engendrés par cette maladie. Mais leur efficacité est peu durable avec une durée moyenne de 4 ans avant l'apparition du phénomène de contournement par les isolats plus virulents. Il est donc nécessaire de développer des stratégies de contrôle de la maladie en combinant un ensemble d'approches génétiques, culturales, physiques, et chimiques afin de satisfaire au mieux les objectifs agronomiques, environnementaux et socio-économiques. Un modèle, nommé SIPPOM (Simulator for Integrated Pathogen POpulation Management), avait été développé dans le cas de la gestion durable du phoma du colza. Le présent travail a consisté à adapter la structure générique de SIPPOM au cas de la gestion intégrée du mildiou de la pomme de terre en développant des modules spécifiques à partir de modèles préexistants ou développés spécifiquement. Un modèle de culture (Spudgro), un modèle épidémiologique (Guntz-Divoux / Milsol), un modèle de nuisibilité (modèle de Shtienberg) et une fonction de dispersion (modèle de Scherm) ont été identifiés dans la littérature, adaptés et intégrés dans la structure générique de SIPPOM. Cet ensemble de modules a donné lieu à la réalisation du premier prototype opérationnel de la version informatisée de SIPPOM-de-terre sur la plate-forme de modélisation RECORD. Un nouveau modèle, appelé VOLPONE, a été développé pour représenter les dynamiques de repousses de pomme de terre dans une parcelle et sur un tas de déchets. Ce modèle permet de représenter les sources d'inoculum primaire à l'échelle du territoire sous l'influence du climat et des pratiques agricoles. La qualité prédictive du modèle de nuisibilité a été estimée à partir d'un jeu de données expérimentales générées au cours du travail de thèse et s'est montrée correcte. Des exemples de résultats issus de simulations réalisées à l'aide du premier prototype montrent la capacité du modèle, en fonction d'une combinaison de pratiques culturales et de conditions climatiques variables, à prédire la dynamique épidémique de la maladie, ainsi que les dégâts et dommages associés à l'échelle de la parcelle ou sur un parcellaire simple. Néanmoins, d'autres tâches restent à accomplir afin de disposer d'une version achevée de SIPPOM-de-terre sur la plate-forme RECORD. Le travail réalisé illustre la généricité du modèle d'origine SIPPOM et contribue à la production de connaissances et de références permettant l'optimisation d'outils existants tels Mileos®. Les avancées réalisées pourront contribuer à la conception de stratégies de gestion intégrée, collectives et durables pour cette maladie<br>Potato late blight caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans is one of the most dreaded diseases to this culture. So far, chemical control is the most widespread method used against the pathogen. In turn, the amount of fungicides used to control this disease makes potato the crop with the highest Treatment Frequency Index of all arable crops. The use of resistant varieties, including specific resistance genes, has also demonstrated an effective limitation of injuries that this disease can cause. Still, specific resistances lack durability as there is an average span of 4 years before the emergence of a resistance breakdown phenomenon by more virulent strains. It is therefore necessary to develop control strategies that combine a set of methods (genetic, cultural, physical and chemical) to meet agronomic, environmental and socio-economic criteria. A model named SIPPOM (Simulator for Integrated Pathogen POpulation Management), was developed to address these issues for the control of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape. The present work consisted in adapting the generic structure of SIPPOM for the integrated control of potato late blight by designing specific sub-models using existing models or specifically developed models. A crop model (Spudgro), an epidemiologic model (Guntz-Divoux/Milsol), a damage model (Shtienberg's model) and a dispersal function (Scherm's model) were selected in the literature, adapted, and embedded in SIPPOM's generic structure. This set of sub-models led to an operational prototype of SIPPOM-de-terre under the RECORD modelling platform. A new model, named VOLPONE, was designed to simulate potato volunteer dynamics in a field or on a waste pile. This model permits to simulate inoculum sources at the territory scale under the influence of climate and cropping practices. The predictive quality of the damage model was assessed with data generated in specific field experimentations and proved to be good. Simulation examples produced with the first prototype of SIPPOM-de-terre illustrate the capacity of the model to represent epidemiological dynamics at the field scale or at a small regional scale under the influence of cropping practices and climate. However, further work is required before to totally achieve the design and the implementation of SIPPOM-de-terre under the modelling platform RECORD. The conducted study illustrates the genericity of the model SIPPOM and produced knowledge, references and tools for the integrated management of the disease. The outputs of this work will help design integrated, collective and durable control strategies of potato late blight
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Ambrosini, Veronica. "Antimicrobial Photodynamic treatment as pest management. A study of the effects of photoactivated TPPS and Chlorophyllin on the fungus pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and on two plant models : Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum)." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/990008db-1196-4108-9048-ba6f3d9a56c4/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0073.pdf.
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Un des problèmes majeurs de l'agriculture reste la lutte contre les agents pathogènes, en particulier les champignons. Depuis les années 60, l'utilisation de quantités phénoménales de pesticides, pour garantir les rendements des cultures, a provoqué́ une pollution désastreuse de l'environnement, une perte de la biodiversité et le développement de pathogènes multi-résistants. Les pratiques agricoles doivent donc devenir plus respectueuses de l'environnement tout en restant optimales. Le traitement photodynamique antimicrobien (APDT) est un traitement alternatif envisagé dans la lutte contre les microorganismes pathogènes, sans effet sur les plantes de culture et sur l'environnement voir la santé humaine. Dans l’intention de développer cette approche, deux photosensibilisateurs (PS) : une porphyrine anionique (TPPS) et une chlorine (la Chlorophylline) ont été testés sur un champignon pathogène (Botrytis cinerea) et deux de ses cibles : la vigne (Vitis vinifera) et la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum). Nous avons montré que TPPS même à très faible concentration inhibait la croissance du mycélium de B. cinerea sans pour autant altérer le développement des jeunes plants de vigne cultivés in vitro. Des résultats très similaires ont aussi été obtenus avec la Chlorophylline (Chl), molécule naturelle. TPPS et Chl semblent donc de très bons candidats pour une approche APDT. Cependant, dans le but d’une approche éco-responsable, nous privilégions plutôt Chl molécule naturelle contre TPPS, molécule de synthèse. En conclusion, les résultats obtenus tout au long de ces travaux de thèse sont réellement encourageants et nous permettent de défendre l’APDT comme stratégie agricole d’avenir et surtout éco-friendly<br>Nowadays, one of the major problems in agriculture remains the struggle against pathogens, especially fungi. In the last 60 years, the use of large amounts of pesticides to increase crop yield caused environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, and the development of multi-resistant plant pathogens. Now, more than ever, agriculture practises must become environmentally friendly and thus, new strategies to improve agriculture, without side effects for the environment and human health, need to be developed. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) has emerged as an alternative treatment that can be envisaged in agronomic practices to fight against microorganisms, without harming plants. To develop this approach on complex living systems such as grapevine and potato, hosts of the fungus pathogen Botrytis cinerea and two photosensitizers were taken into consideration: an anionic porphyrin (TPPS) and a natural chlorin Chlorophyllin (Chl). More specifically, an extensive work was conducted using photoactivated TPPS. TPPS was very effectively inhibit Botrytis cinerea development and it did not cause any phenotypical or biochemical alterations of the grapevine varieties (Merlot, Chardonnay and Sauvignon). In the potato varieties, while there were alterations in its growth and development, the plants were able to defend themselves. Furthermore, in order to find a new eco-friendly solution that is more suitable for a large range of plants we tested a natural PS: the chlorophyllin (Chl). Surprisingly, Chl was able to inhibit Botrytis cinerea mycelium growth without disturbing neither potato nor grapevine plantlet growth. In conclusion, these preliminary studies based on the use of Chl suggest that the development of a safe but efficient APDT approach in agriculture may no longer be a dream
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Marchione, Wesley A. "Pathogen resistance genes and proteins in orchids." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260625.
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To study resistance (R) genes that are expressed when Sophrolaeliacattleya Ginny Champion 'Riverbend' orchid tissue was infected with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV0), a subtraction library of cDNA clones was previously constructed using mRNA isolated before and after infection (Shuck, unpublished). From 200 clones collected, 5 clones were randomly selected, DNA was isolated, and the cDNA insert was sequenced. These sequences were imported into BLAST to search for homology to other R genes. This search revealed clone 4A to have an 84% homology to a 54 nucleotide region from the Arabidopsis thaliana oligouridylate binding protein which is highly expressed and known to bind RNA Polymerase III transcripts and adenovirus associated RNAs. Further bioinformatics analysis was performed utilizing databases and analysis packages available on the Internet, software such as Vector NTI (Informax, Bethesda, MD), and manual searches. However, no additional domains or motifs indicative of pathogen resistance genes were located in any of the 5 clones. Subsequently, total proteins expressed at various time points following infection were examined on denaturing 5-20% gradient polyacrylamide gels stained with the ProteoSilver Plus TM silver stain kit (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in order to examine the timing and duration of expression of proteins involved in TMV-O resistance. One protein of-18 kDa was highly expressed at 4 hr after infection that was not seen in the negative control. By 8 hr the band was no longer expressed, it was expressed again from 30 - 48 hr, but was not seen again in later time points. Finally, total mRNA isolated from pooled time points and subjected to in vitro translation indicated a reduction in translation products after infection, providing evidence of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) following TMV-O infection.<br>Department of Biology
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Johnson, Kevin Dennis. "Development of integrated pest management techniques insect pest management on soybean /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403809.
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Li, Shujuan (Lucy), Dawn H. Gouge, and Al Fournier. "School Integrated Pest Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298139.
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Park, Eunyoung. "Wastewater Reuse: Comprehensive Study about Treatment System Efficiency and Potential Public Health Concerns." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440451065.
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Bester, Wilma. "Characterisation and management of trunk disease-causing pathogens on table grapevines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21550.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Eutypa lata, Phomopsis, Phaeoacremonium, and
Botryosphaeria spp. are important trunk disease pathogens that cause premature decline and
dieback of grapevine. Previous research has focused primarily on wine grapes and the incidence
and symptomatology of these pathogens on table grapes were largely unknown. A survey was
therefore conducted to determine the status and distribution of these pathogens and associated
symptoms in climatically diverse table grape growing regions. Fifteen farms were identified in
the winter rainfall (De Doorns, Paarl and Trawal) and summer rainfall (Upington and
Groblersdal) areas. Samples were taken in July and August 2004 from Dan-ben-Hannah
vineyards that were 8 years and older. Distal ends of arms were removed from 20 randomly
selected plants in each vineyard. These sections were dissected and isolations were made from
each of the various symptom types observed: brown or black vascular streaking, brown internal
necrosis, wedge-shaped necrosis, watery necrosis, esca-like brown and yellow soft wood rot, as
well as asymptomatic wood. Fungal isolates were identified using molecular and morphological
techniques. Pa. chlamydospora was most frequently isolated (46.0%), followed by
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (10.0%), Phomopsis viticola (3.0%), Botryosphaeria obtusa
(3.0%), B. rhodina (2.2%), B. parva (2.0%), Fusicoccum vitifusiforme (0.6%), B. australis, B.
dothidea and an undescribed Diplodia sp. (0.2% each), while E. lata was not found. Most of
these pathogens were isolated from a variety of symptom types, indicating that disease diagnosis
can not be based on symptomatology alone. Pa. chlamydospora was isolated from all areas
sampled, although most frequently from the winter rainfall region. Pm. aleophilum was found
predominantly in Paarl, while P. viticola only occurred in this area. Although B. obtusa was not
isolated from samples taken in De Doorns and Groblersdal, it was the most commonly isolated
Botryosphaeria sp., being isolated from Upington, Paarl and Trawal. B. rhodina occurred only
in Groblersdal and B. parva in Paarl, Trawal and Groblersdal, while B. australis was isolated
from Paarl only. The rest of the isolates (33%) consisted of sterile cultures, Exochalara,
Cephalosporium, Wangiella, Scytalidium, Penicillium spp. and two unidentified basidiomycetes,
which were isolated from five samples with yellow esca-like symptoms from the Paarl area. These findings clearly illustrate that grapevine trunk diseases are caused by a complex of fungal
pathogens, which has serious implications for disease diagnosis and management.
Protection of wounds against infection by any of these trunk disease pathogens is the
most efficient and cost-effective means to prevent grapevine trunk diseases. However, previous
research on the effectiveness of chemical pruning wound protectants has mostly focused on the
control of Eutypa dieback only. Fungicide sensitivity studies have been conducted for Pa.
chlamydospora, P. viticola and Eutypa lata, but no such studies have been conducted for the
pathogenic Botryosphaeria species from grapevine in South Africa. Ten fungicides were
therefore tested in vitro for their efficacy on mycelial inhibition of the four most common and/or
pathogenic Botryosphaeria species in South Africa, B. australis, B. obtusa, B. parva and B.
rhodina. Iprodione, pyrimethanil, copper ammonium acetate, kresoxim-methyl and boscalid
were ineffective in inhibiting the mycelial growth at the highest concentration tested (5 μg/ml;
20 μg/ml for copper ammonium acetate). Benomyl, tebuconazole, prochloraz manganese
chloride and flusilazole were the most effective fungicides with EC50 values for the different
species ranging from 0.36-0.55, 0.07-0.17, 0.07-1.15 and 0.04-0.36 μg/ml, respectively. These
fungicides, except prochloraz manganese chloride, are registered on grapes in South Africa and
were also reported to be effective against Pa. chlamydospora, P. viticola and E. lata. Results
from bioassays on 1-year-old Chenin Blanc grapevine shoots indicated that benomyl,
tebuconazole and prochloraz manganese chloride were most effective in limiting lesion length in
pruning wounds that were inoculated with the Botryosphaeria spp after fungicide treatment. The
bioassay findings were, however, inconclusive due to low and varied re-isolation data of the
inoculated lesions. Benomyl, tebuconazole, prochloraz manganese chloride and flusilazole can
nonetheless be identified as fungicides to be evaluated as pruning wound protectants in
additional bioassays and vineyard trials against Botryosphaeria spp. as well as the other
grapevine trunk disease pathogens.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Eutypa lata, Phomopsis, Phaeoacremonium, en
Botryosphaeria spesies is die mees belangrikste stamsiekte patogene wat agteruitgang en vroeë
terugsterwing van wingerd veroorsaak. Voorafgaande navorsing het hoofsaaklik gefokus op
wyndruiwe en die voorkoms en simptomatologie van hierdie patogene op tafeldruiwe is dus
grootliks onbekend. ‘n Opname is gevolglik gedoen in verskillende klimaaatsareas waar
tafeldruiwe verbou word om die voorkoms en verspreiding, asook die simptome geassosieer met
hierdie patogene, te bepaal. Vyftien plase is geïdentifiseer in die winter- (De Doorns, Paarl en
Trawal) en somer-reënval (Upington en Groblersdal) streke. Wingerde (8 jaar en ouer) met die
kultivar Dan-ben-Hannah is gekies vir opname en monsters is gedurende Julie en Augustus 2004
geneem. Die distale deel van ‘n arm is verwyder vanaf 20 lukraak gekose plante in elke
wingerd. Hierdie dele is ontleed en isolasies is gemaak vanuit elke simptoomtipe wat beskryf is,
naamlik bruin en swart vaskulêre verkleuring, bruin interne nekrose, wig-vormige nekrose,
waterige nekrose, esca-geassosieerde bruin en geel sagte houtverrotting en asimptomatiese hout.
Identifikasie van die swamagtige isolate is gedoen op grond van morfologiese eienskappe en
molekulêre tegnieke. Pa. chlamydospora is die meeste geïsoleer (46.0%), gevolg deur
Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (10.0%), Phomopsis viticola (3.0%), Botryosphaeria obtusa
(3.0%), B. rhodina (2.2%), B. parva (2.0%), Fusicoccum vitifusiforme (0.6%), B. australis, B.
dothidea en ‘n onbeskryfde Diplodia sp. (0.2% elk), terwyl E. lata nie geïsoleer is nie. Hierdie
patogene is elk geïsoleer vanuit ‘n verskeidenheid simptoomtipes, wat daarop dui dat
siektediagnose nie alleenlik op simptomatologie gebaseer kan word nie. Pa. chlamydospora is
geïsoleer vanuit al die gebiede, alhoewel die patogeen opmerklik meer voorgekom het in die
winter-reënval area. Pm. aleophilum het hoofsaaklik voorgekom in Paarl, terwyl P. viticola
slegs in hierdie area voorgekom het. Alhoewel B. obtusa nie voorgekom het in die De Doorns en
Groblersdal areas nie, was dit die mees algemeen geïsoleerde Botryosphaeria sp. en het in
Upington, Paarl en Trawal voorgekom. B. rhodina het slegs in Groblersdal voorgekom, B. parva
in Paarl, Groblersdal en Trawal en B. australis het slegs in Paarl voorgekom. Die res van die isolate (33%) het bestaan uit steriele kulture, Exochalara, Cephalosporium, Wangiella,
Scytalidium, en Penicillium spesies asook twee onbekende basidiomycete isolate, geïsoleer
vanuit vyf monsters met geel eska-geassosieerde simptome vanuit die Paarl area. Hierdie
resultate illustreer dus die feit dat wingerdstamsiektes deur ‘n kompleks van swampatogene
veroorsaak word, wat belangrike implikasies het vir die bestuur en diagnose van hierdie siektes.
Wondbeskerming teen infeksie van enige van hierdie stamsiekte patogene is die mees
doeltreffende en koste-effektiewe manier om wingerdstamsiektes te voorkom. Vorige navorsing
aangaande die effektiwiteit van chemiese wondbeskermingsmiddels het egter slegs gefokus op
die beheer van Eutypa terugsterwing. In vitro swamdoder sensitiwiteitstoetse is gedoen vir Pa.
chlamydospora, P. viticola en Eutypa lata, maar geen studies is al gedoen ten opsigte van die
patogeniese Botryosphaeria spesies op wingerd in Suid-Afrika nie. Tien swamdoders is dus
getoets vir inhibisie van in vitro miseliumgroei van die vier mees algemene en/of patogeniese
Botryosphaeria spesies wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom, naamlik B. australis, B. obtusa, B. parva en
B. rhodina. Iprodione, pyrimethanil, koper ammonium asetaat, kresoxim-metiel en boscalid was
oneffektief by die hoogste konsentrasies getoets (5 μg/ml; 20 μg/ml vir koper ammonium
asetaat). Benomyl, tebuconasool, prochloraz mangaan chloried en flusilasool was die mees
effektiewe swamdoders met EC50 waardes tussen 0.36-0.55, 0.07-0.17, 0.07-1.15 en 0.04-0.36
μg/ml, onderskeidelik vir die verskillende spesies. Hierdie fungisiedes, behalwe prochloraz
mangaan chloried, is geregistreer op druiwe in Suid-Afrika en is ook effektief gevind teenoor Pa.
chlamydospora, P. viticola en E. lata. Resultate van biotoetse op 1-jaar-oue Chenin Blanc
wingerd lote het getoon dat benomyl, tebuconasool en prochloraz mangaan chloried die
effektiefste was om die lengte van letsels in snoeiwonde, geinokuleer met Botryosphaeria
spesies na die aanwending van swamdoder behandelings, te verminder. Die bevindinge was
egter onbeslis as gevolg van die lae en variërende her-isolerings data. Benomyl, tebuconasool,
prochloraz mangaan chloried en flusilasool kan egter geïdentifiseer word as swamdoders wat
verder geevalueer kan word as snoeiwond beskermingsmiddels teen Botryosphaeria spesies
asook ander wingerd stamsiekte patogene in verdere biotoetse en wingerdproewe.
Books on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
1
Lucas, George Blanchard. Introduction to plant diseases: Identification and management. AVI pub. Co., 1985.
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Lucas, George Blanchard. Introduction to plant diseases: Identification and management. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.
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Srivastava, K. D. Biology and management of wheat pathogens. Studium Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
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Committee, Leicestershire (England) Environment. Pest management strategy. Leicestershire County Coouncil, 1993.
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Coll, Moshe, and Eric Wajnberg, eds. Environmental Pest Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119255574.
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Radcliffe, Edward B., William D. Hutchison, and Rafael E. Cancelado, eds. Integrated Pest Management. Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511626463.
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Dent, D. Insect pest management. CABI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851993409.0000.
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Horowitz, A. Rami, and Isaac Ishaaya, eds. Insect Pest Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07913-3.
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Pimentel, David, and Rajinder Peshin, eds. Integrated Pest Management. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5.
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Peshin, Rajinder, and David Pimentel, eds. Integrated Pest Management. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7802-3.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
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Shishupala, S. "Biocontrol Potential of Fungi for Pest and Pathogen Management." In Fungal Biology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8877-5_27.
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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye II. "Mosquitoes." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0003.
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Abstract This book chapter discusses mosquitoes as deadly disease vectors. Biological control is usually implemented for control of larval populations using predators (e.g. top feeding minnows and copepods) or pathogens and pathogen products (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis and B. sphericus). Genetic control is being implemented by releasing sterilized male mosquitoes (genetically modified, radiation sterilised, or transgenic mosquitoes). It starts with minimizing bites through the use of window screens on houses and animal shelters, and the use of treated bed nets and personal repellents. Habitat modification is a reliable method that eliminates adult resting sites and source reduction of larval development areas.
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Seiber, James N., and Thomas A. Cahill. "Biopesticides and the Toolbox Approach to Pest Management." In Pesticides, Organic Contaminants, and Pathogens in Air. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217602-12.
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Matthews, Graham. "Cotton growing along the Nile." In Pest management in cotton: a global perspective. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620216.0007.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on the current status of cotton cultivation in Egypt and Sudan, the various insect pests and pathogens negatively affecting cotton production and the efficacy of some strategies in their management.
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Dan Jensen, Funck, and Robert D. Lumsden. "Biological Control of Soilborne Pathogens." In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_23.
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Taylor, Bryony, Henri Edouard Zefack Tonnang, Tim Beale, et al. "Leveraging Data, Models & Farming Innovation to Prevent, Prepare for & Manage Pest Incursions: Delivering a Pest Risk Service for Low-Income Countries." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_23.
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AbstractGlobally, pests (invertebrates, vertebrates, pathogens, weeds) can cause estimated annual losses of between 20% and 40%, but higher losses are disproportionately experienced by many low-income countries, as agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the people and of national economies. Pests pose a major barrier to these countries’ ability to meet the aims of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2, “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.” However, solutions, in the form of pest risk alert systems, coupled with major advances in technology, are now providing opportunities to overcome this barrier in low-income countries. In this paper, we review these systems and the advances in data availability, management and modeling and communication technology and illustrate how these can provide new and novel solutions for the development of agricultural pest and disease early warning and risk-mapping systems and contribute to improved food systems in low-income countries. In conclusion, we identify key areas for the UNFSS that will help guide governments in engaging with these developments.
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Cuartero, Jesús, Henri Laterrot, and Joop C. van Lenteren. "Host- Plant Resistance to Pathogens and Arthropod Pests." In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_9.
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Lefebvre, Véronique, Nathalie Boissot, and Jean-Luc Gallois. "Host Plant Resistance to Pests and Pathogens, the Genetic Leverage in Integrated Pest and Disease Management." In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_9.
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Magarey, R. D., and T. B. Sutton. "How to Create and Deploy Infection Models for Plant Pathogens." In General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6061-8_1.
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Pathma, Jayakumar, Gurusamy Raman, and Natarajan Sakthivel. "Microbiome of Rhizospheric Soil and Vermicompost and Their Applications in Soil Fertility, Pest and Pathogen Management for Sustainable Agriculture." In Soil Fertility Management for Sustainable Development. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5904-0_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
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Li, Susie, Yollanda Hao, Jian Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, and Jie Chen. "Building an antibody-based pathogen specific plant disease monitoring device for agriculture pest management." In 2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981715.
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Kushwaha, Pragya, Priti Kumari, Shalini Shrivastava, Divya Bharti, Kapil Saini, and Ajay Kumar. "Climate Change and Its Impact on Plant Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis." In MODERN AGRICULTURE: INNOVATIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR A RESILIENT FUTURE. Anu Books, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31995/book.ab334.a25.chapter6.
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Climate change is a pressing global issue that poses significant challenges to agriculture, particularly in the context of plant diseases. This comprehensive review analyzes the multifaceted impacts of climate change on plant pathology, exploring how rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels affect disease incidence and severity. We discuss the physiological responses of plants to changing environmental conditions, which can enhance susceptibility to pathogens and disrupt existing plant-pathogen interactions. The review highlights specific diseases that have shown increased prevalence in response to climate change, including those caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Additionally, we examine the role of shifting agro ecosystems and altered pest dynamics as secondary factors that exacerbate disease challenges. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of predictive models and surveillance systems in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change on plant health. By integrating climate data with plant disease epidemiology, we can better forecast disease outbreaks and develop proactive management strategies. This paper aims to provide insights into the complex relationships between climate change and plant disease, underscoring the need for adaptive approaches in agricultural practices to enhance resilience and ensure food security in a changing climate.
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Keith, Lisa. "Survey of potential fungal antagonists of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on Coffea arabica in Hawai‘i, USA." In Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-016.
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Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee leaf rust (CLR), is an aggressive, economically devastating pathogen of coffee plants worldwide. Coffee leaf rust was discovered in Hawai‘i in 2020 and quickly spread throughout the state. Hawai‘i’s coffee industry, produced commercially on six islands by over 1,470 growers on more than 10,000 acres, is conservatively valued at $100M per year. Conventional fungicides have played a major role in the suppression of CLR, but due to a recent shift toward eco-friendly farming practices, additional novel, effective, and sustainable strategies for CLR control are needed. Naturally occurring fungal antagonists could be well-positioned to meet this demand; however, these fungi need to be isolated and tested for efficacy to identify organisms with potential. In this study, a survey of fungi associated with CLR lesions in three districts of Hawai‘i Island was conducted. Coffee leaves infected with CLR were collected from 22 locations and over 600 lesions co-infected with fungi were plated on selective media. DNA was extracted from purified isolates and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was sequenced and analyzed by BLASTn. In total, 194 isolates comprising 50 taxa were recovered. Several of the genera are known antagonists of Hemileia vastatrix or other plant pathogens. The identification of potential CLR antagonists and their use by coffee farmers as part of an integrated pest management plan will be discussed.
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Alin, Carabet, Manea Dan, Gheorghescu Bogdan, Ioana Grozea, and Stef Ramona. "APPROACHING THE PHYTHOPHTORA INFESTANS PATHOGEN IN POTATO CULTURE BY BIOLOGICAL MEANS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.04.
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In the current context, in which the European Union, through various projects, requires the reduction of the consumption of pesticides it is necessary to investigate some different products to control the Phytophthora infestans potato blight, biological ones, that have the role of improving the structure and health of the soil, avoiding contamination of it but also of groundwater with synthetic active substances. Potato production is diminished by the presence of weeds, pathogens and pests. One of the most important phytopathogenic agents is Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) deBary, which produces the disease called mange, an important disease that occurs in all areas where potatoes are grown causing economic losses up to 50%. In general, disease management of this pathogen by biological means is a difficult task, especially when the level of disease pressure is high, together with favorable environmental conditions. The study was performed, in Belint area, Timis county, under the climatic conditions of the year 2022. The test product used in study protocol were Fitocid, Fitohelp, Mycohelp, Viridin and Taegro in various rate of application and an untreated check was also included. The assessments were performed at 3, 7, 14 DAT, assessing the effectiveness of the products in respect of the frequency and intensity of the attack. All five bioproducts reduced the severity of the pathogen compared to the untreated control, the antagonism shown by the Fitocid and Fitohelp products against the fungus Phytophthora infestans was maximum seven days after application.
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Fjodorov, Darja, Radovan Marčetić, Vladimir Drašković, et al. "The importance of implementing biosecurity measures to prevent pigeon settlement in urban and rural environments." In 36. Savetovanje dezinfekcija, dezinsekcija i deratizacija jedan svet - jedno zdravlje, Vrnjačka Banja, hotel "Vrnjačke Terme", 28-31.maj 2025.godine. Srpsko veterinarsko društvo, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/ddd25247f.
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Feral pigeons (Columba livia) represent synanthropic species in both urban and rural areas. Their remarkable ability to adapt has contributed to an increase in the population size of this species, especially in urban environments. The presence of these bird species leads to numerous negative consequences, including economic damage and ecological impacts, as well as epidemiological-epizootiological risks, representing potential reservoirs and vectors of various pathogens that can threaten the health of humans and animals. For effective population control, an integrated pest management (IPM) approach is necessary, with the goal of long-term reduction in numbers, while carefully considering ecological and social aspects. By applying both standard and innovative solutions in pigeon control procedures, including understanding their behavior, diet, and nesting habits, successful regulation of the population size of this species can be achieved.
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Moldovan, Anna, Corneliu Ciorici, and Natalia Munteanu-Molotievskiy. "Antagonistic properties of some local entomopathogens of the Beauveria genus." In Scientific International Symposium “Advanced Biotechnologies - Achievements and Prospects” (VIth Edition). Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/abap6.2022.68.
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Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria (Hypocreales) are essential natural regulators of insect populations, characterized by their ability to infect a wide range of hosts, with an increased mortality rate. Using species of the genus Beauveria as biological control agents offer numerous advantages, including high efficacy, harmlessness, and compatibility with other IPM (Integrated Pest Management) methods, being considered among the most promising alternatives for pest control [1]. Beauveria genus has received considerable com-mercial attention in the last 30-35 years as a source of strains for the mass production of bi-opesticides. As a result, it has determined an increased interest in improving their properties and spectrum of use in biological control, driving numerous studies focused on investigating the supplementary beneficial properties such as anti-phytopathogenic potential. Currently, Beauveria spp. are considered the most promising microorganisms for the development of complex biological control strategies, through their profiling as endophytes, plant growth promoters, beneficial colonizers of the rhizosphere, and most importantly, in vitro, and in vivo antagonists of significant plant pathogens [1]. As an outcome of the previously conducted research, native fungal strains of Beauveria spp. with the potential to be used as biological control agents were isolated and characterized. The strains of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria show an intrinsic variability in their ability to inhibit or antagonistical-ly influence phytopathogen growth, development, and viability. Thus, the investigation and precise selection of the most effective strains are required to develop biopesticides with the potential to be applied in complex biological control [4]. The work aimed to investigate the antagonistic properties of some local strains of fungi from the Beauveria genus for sub-sequent complex biological protection of crops.
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"Humanitarian crises in Cameroon and Ethiopia: pathogen and pest threats to vegetatively propagated crops." In Plant Health 2024. American Phytopathological Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/aps-ph24-265.
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Dalmia, Aman, Jerome White, Ankit Chaurasia, et al. "Pest Management In Cotton Farms." In KDD '20: The 26th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403363.
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Mittal, Anshul, and Aseem Singh. "Microcontroller based pest management system." In Second International Conference on Systems (ICONS'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icons.2007.35.
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Park, Johnny. "Precision pest management — next-generation pest management using field sensors and Cloud-based computing platforms." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94494.
Full textReports on the topic "Pest and pathogen management"
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Chiel, Elad, and Christopher J. Geden. Development of sustainable fly management tools in an era of global warming. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598161.bard.
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House flies (Muscadomestica) are global pests of animal agriculture, causing major annoyance, carrying pathogens among production facilities and humans and thus have profound impacts on animal comfort and productivity. Successful fly control requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes elements of manure management, mass trapping, biological control, and selective insecticide use. Insecticidal control of house flies has become increasingly difficult due to the rapidity with which resistance develops, even to new active ingredients. Global climate change poses additional challenges, as the efficacy of natural enemies is uncertain under the higher temperatures that are predicted to become more commonplace in the future. The two major objectives of this research project were: 1) to develop a cost-effective autodissemination application method of Pyriproxifen (PPF), an insect growth regulator, for controlling house flies; 2) to study the effect of increasing temperatures on the interactions between house flies and their principal natural enemies. First, we collected several wild house fly populations in both countries and established that most of them are susceptible to PPF, although one population in each country showed initial signs of PPF-resistance. An important finding is that the efficacy of PPF is substantially reduced when applied in cows’ manure. We also found that PPF is compatible with several common species of parasitoids that attack the house fly, thus PPF can be used in IPM programs. Next, we tried to develop “baited stations” in which house flies will collect PPF on their bodies and then deliver and deposit it in their oviposition sites (= autodissemination). The concept showed potential in lab experiments and in outdoor cages trials, but under field conditions the station models we tested were not effective enough. We thus tested a somewhat different approach – to actively release a small proportion of PPF-treated flies. This approach showed positive results in laboratory experiments and awaits further field experiments. On the second topic, we performed two experimental sets: 1) we collected house flies and their parasitoids from hot temperature and mild temperature areas in both countries and, by measuring some fitness parameters we tested whether the ones collected from hot areas are better adapted to BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 2 of 16 heat. The results showed very little differences between the populations, both of flies and parasitoids. 2) A “fast evolution” experiment, in which we reared house flies for 20 generations under increasing temperatures. Also here, we found no evidence for heat adaptation. In summary, pyriproxyfen proved to be a highly effective insect growth regulator for house flies that is compatible with it’s natural enemies. Although our autodissemination stations yielded disappointing results, we documented the proportion of flies in a population that must be exposed to PPF to achieve effective fly control. Both the flies and their principal parasitoids show no evidence for local adaptation to high temperatures. This is an encouraging finding for biological control, as our hypothesis was that the fly would be adapting faster to high temperatures than the parasitoids. BARD Report - Project 4701 Page 3 of 16
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of Pest Control by Insect Immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592113.bard.
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The restricted host range of many baculoviruses, highly pathogenic to Lepidoptera and non-pathogenic to mammals, limits their use to single or few closely related Lepidopteran species and is an obstacle to extending their implementation for pest control. The insect immune response is a major determinant of the ability of an insect pathogen to efficiently multiply and propagate. We have developed an original model system to study the Lepidopteran antiviral immune response based on Spodoptera littoralis resistance to AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection and the fascinating immunosuppressive activity of polydnaviruses .Our aim is to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect polydnaviruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication. In this study we : 1- Assessed the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) or its genes enhanced replication of a well-characterized pathogenic baculovirus AcMNPV, in polydnavirus-immunosuppressedH. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells, hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to AcMNPV. 2- Identified CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). We showed that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen, the baculovirus AcMNPV, to infect the pest. 3. For the first time two PDV-specific genes of the vankyrin and cystein rich-motif families involved in immunosuppression of the host, namely Pvank1 and Hv1.1 respectively, enhanced the efficacy of an insect pathogen toward a semipermissive pest. 4. Pvank1 inhibits apoptosis of Spodopteran cells elucidating one functional aspect of PDVvankyrins. 5. That Pvank-1 and Hv1.1 do not show cooperative effect in S. littoralis when co-expressed during AcMNPV infection. Our results pave the way to developing novel means for pest control, including baculoviruses, that rely upon suppressing host immune systems by strategically weakening insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence. Also, we expect that the above result will help to develop systems for enhanced insect control that may ultimately help to reduce transmission of insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants as well as provide mechanisms for suppression of insect populations that damage crop plants by direct feeding.
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Haggerty, Ryan P. Pathogen Management Kit (Technical Bulletin). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615565.
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Giddings, R. F. Hanford site integrated pest management plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154243.
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Needham, Glenn R., Uri Gerson, Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, D. Samatero, J. Yoder, and William Bruce. Integrated Management of Tracheal Mite, Acarapis woodi, and of Varroa Mite, Varroa jacobsoni, Major Pests of Honey Bees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573068.bard.
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Objectives: The Israeli work plan regarding HBTM included: (a) producing a better diagnostic method; (b) following infestations during the season and evaluating damage to resistant bees and, (c) controlling HBTM by conventional means under local conditions. For varroa our plans to try novel control (e.g. oil novel control (e.g. oil patties & essential oils) were initially delayed by very low pest populations, then disrupted by the emergence of fluvalinate resistance. We monitored the spread of resistance to understand it better, and analyzed an underlying biochemical resistance mechanism in varroa. The US work plan focused on novel management methods for both mites with an emphasis on reducing use of traditional insecticides due to resistance and contamination issues. Objectives were: (a) evaluating plant essential oils for varroa control; (b) exploring the vulnerability of varroa to desiccation for their management; and (c) looking for biological variation in HBTM that could explain virulence variability between colonies. Although the initial PI at the USDA Beltsville Bee Lab, W.A. Bruce, retired during the project we made significant strides especially on varroa water balance. Subcontracts were performed by Yoder (Illinois College) on varroa water balance and DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA) who evaluated plant essential oils for their potential to control varroa. We devised an IPM strategy for mite control i the U.S. Background: Mites that parasitize honey bees are a global problem. They are threatening the survival of managed and feral bees, the well-being of commercial/hobby beekeeping, and due to pollination, the future of some agricultural commodities is threatened. Specific economic consequences of these mites are that: (a) apiculture/breeder business are failing; (b) fewer colonies exist; (c) demand and cost for hive leasing are growing; (d) incidences of bee pathogens are increasing; and, (e) there are ore problems with commercial-reared bees. As a reflection of the continued significance f bee mites, a mite book is now in press (Webster & delaplane, 2000); and the 2nd International Conference on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites is scheduled (April, 2000, Arizona). The first such conference was at OSU (1987, GRN was co-organizer). The major challenge is controlling two very different mites within a colony while not adversely impacting the hive. Colony management practices vary, as do the laws dictating acaricide use. Our basic postulates were that: (a) both mites are of economic importance with moderate to high infestations but not at low rates and, (b) once established they will not be eradicated. A novel strategy was devised that deals with the pests concomitantly by maintaining populations at low levels, without unnecessary recourse to synthetic acaricides. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements: A major recent revelation is that there are several species of "Varroa jacobsoni" (Anderson & Trueman 1999). Work on control, resistance, population dynamics, and virulence awaits knowing whether this is a problem. In the U.S. there was no difference between varroa from three locales in terms of water balance parameters (AZ, MN & PA), which bodes well for our work to date. Winter varroa (U.S.) were more prone to desiccation than during other seasons. Varroa sensitivity to desiccation has important implications for improving IPM. Several botanicals showed some promise for varroa control (thymol & origanum). Unfortunately there is varroa resistance to Apistan in Israel but a resistance mechanism was detected for the first time. The Israel team also has a new method for HBTM diagnosis. Annual tracheal mite population trends in Israel were characterized, which will help in targeting treatment. Effects of HBTM on honey yields were shown. HBTM control by Amitraz was demonstrated for at least 6 months. Showing partial resistance by Buckfast bees to HBTM will be an important IPM tactic in Israel and U.S.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of pest control by insect immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587236.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Our original aims were to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect virus, the Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) promotes replication of a well-characterized pathogenic virus, the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) in hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus replication. According to the BARD panels criticism we modified our short-term goals (see below). Thus, in this feasibility study (one-year funding) we aimed to show that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen (a baculovirus) to infect the pest. 3. S. littoralis cells constitute an efficient tool to study some aspects of the anti- viral immune response. We achieved the above objectives by: 1. Finding melanized viral foci upon following the baculoviral infection in S . littoralis larvae infected with a polyhedra - positive AcMNPV recombinant that expressed the GFP gene under the control of the Drosophila heat shock promoter. 2. Studying the effect of AcMNPV-infection in S . littoralis immunosuppressed by parasitation with the Braconidae wasp Chelonus inanitus that bears the CiV polydna virus, that resulted in higher susceptibility of S. littoralis to AcMNPV- infection. 3. Proving that S. littoralis hemocytes resist AcMNPV -infection. 4. Defining SL2 as a granulocyte-like cell line and demonstrating that as littoralis hemocytic cell line undergoes apoptosis upon AcMNPV -infection. 5. Showing that some of the recombinant AcMNPV expressing the immuno-suppressive polydna virus CsV- vankyrin genes inhibit baculoviral-induced lysis of SL2 cells. This information paves the way to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immuno- suppressive polydna insect viruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication by: - Assessing the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive viruses, CiV and CsV or their genes enhance AcMNPV replication in polydnavirus- immunosuppressed H. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells. - Identifying CiV and CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). This study will provide insight to the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and improve our understanding of insect immunity. This knowledge is of fundamental importance to controlling insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants and essential to developing novel means for pest control (including baculoviruses) that strategically weaken insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence.
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O'Rourke, Megan, Chris Philips, and Thomas Kuhar. Improving Pest Management and Pollination with Farmscaping. Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/ento-325np.
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Branham, Susan J., Robert C. Thatcher, and [Editors]. Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Proceedings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-56.
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Liebhold, Andrew M., and Hope R. Barrett, eds. Proceedings: Spatial analysis and forest pest management. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-175.
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Overeem, Remco, and Marleen Riemens. Antigonon Leptopus (Corallita) on St Eustatius an Integrated Pest Management approach : Proposal for an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. Plant Research International, part of Wageningen UR, Business Unit Agrosysteemkunde, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/443717.
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